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Bartholow, Bradford Noyes. "A comparison of consumer-controlled and traditional HIV counseling and testing implications for screening and outreach among injection drug users /." unrestricted, 2004. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06022005-142542/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgia State University, 2005.Title from title screen. Roger Bakeman, committee chair; James Emshoff, John Peterson, Gabriel Kuperminc, committee members. Electronic text (100 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 24, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-100).
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Hutchinson, Angela Blair. "A health technology assessment of HIV counseling and testing technologies evidence of effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and the consumer perspective /." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131203/unrestricted/hutchinson%5Fangela%5Fb%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.
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Dionne, Gordon R. "Helpful and hindering events in therapy with HIV-positive gay men." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23716.
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A group of five HIV-positive gay men were compared with a group of five HIV-negative gay men. All participants were currently engaged in therapy. Participants completed the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ) and the Session Impacts Scale (SIS) in order to determine what these different groups of individuals felt was helpful or hindering in therapy. Results indicated that both groups of participants found therapy to be powerful, valuable, and helpful in that they: (a) learned something new about themselves or others, (b) changed their ways of thinking, (c) acquired insight into issues, (d) were more clear about their feelings, (e) were able to define their problems, and (f) were feeling understood, supported, and close to their counsellor. In comparison to the HIV-negative group, the HIV-positive group experienced many hindering aspects to counselling. Seropositive participants felt: (a) less understood, supported, and close to their counsellor, (b) more confused, or distracted in counselling, (c) more bothered by unpleasant thoughts in counselling, (d) more impatient or doubting of the value of therapy, and (e) felt more angry, more afraid, and less confident during and as a result of therapy. Implications for counselling are discussed.
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Hutchinson, Angela Blair. "A health technology assessment of HIV counseling and testing technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8077.
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Teng, James Wei Jie. "An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiences of HIV-positive lay counsellors working in the voluntary counselling and testing settings." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002579.
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The purpose of this study was to present and understand the experiences of HIV-positive lay counsellors working in Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) settings. Specifically exploring and understanding the utilisation of personal experiences within counselling encounters, the practice of peer counselling within VCT, and the challenges experienced by HIV-positive lay counsellors within VCT settings. This study, employing a qualitative interpretative phenomenological methodology required a small sample of practicing HIV-positive lay counsellors, who were selected and interviewed on their experiences utilising semi-structured interviewing. Data was analysed for meaning units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Three superordinate themes within the participants’ experiences of providing VCT services were determined, namely: ‘diagnosis and disclosure experiences’, ‘peer counselling’, and ‘challenges’. This research found that the experiences of providing peer counselling depended upon identification with their client’s negative appraisal of their diagnosis experiences. Whether through empathic connections generated through the shared experience of discovering a seropositive status, or through countertransferential reactions induced through their client’s yearning for care and support. This required the counsellor to selfdisclose within counselling encounters in order to provide personal experiences of living with HIV/AIDS. Successful implementation of peer counselling provided recently diagnosed individuals with knowledge surrounding HIV/AIDS, coping skills to manage the daily physiological and psychological challenges, facilitation and adherence to treatment, social assistance, ongoing relationships, inspiring hope, and the creation of positive appraisals. However the informal utilisation of task-shifting within lay healthcare cadres, and the lack of governmental recognition for the emotional labour provided within VCT indicated that HIVpositive lay counsellors require ongoing training, support and remuneration to limit potential occupational stress, resignation, and burnout.
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Ndlovu, Richard Vusi. "Physicians' transmission prevention assessment and counselling practices with their HIV-positive patients." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2038.
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Rowe, Christina J. (Christina Jo). "Preparedness to Counsel HIV-Positive Clients: a Survey of Practitioners." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278290/.
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This purpose of this study was to investigate and examine the attitudes of therapists who treat HIV-positive (HIV+) clients. Specifically, therapists' perceptions of their own preparedness in dealing with specific issues and emotions of HIV+ clients were examined. Also, therapists' evaluation of their own efficacy of specific therapeutic approaches with HIV+ clients was examined. These therapists' perceptions and evaluations of all their clients in general were compared to their HIV+ clients. Comparisons were also made within the two groups.
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Harry, Karuna. "The changing knowledge and expectations of public health nurses in a HIV/AIDS training programme for managers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002495.
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This research project examined the changing expectations and knowledge of Managers in the Department of Health who attended the Sexual Health Counselling Project offered by Rhodes University, East London, South Africa. These managers came from contexts in which the hierarchical medical model is firmly entrenched. The Sexual Health Counselling Project, drawing on theoretical principles from Narrative and other theories,presented a challenge to the standard management practices used by the managers. It also challenged how they dealt with clients. This research explored changes in expectations and knowledge prior to and during a two- week training course that the managers attended. A personal awareness and shift in knowledge occurred for many managers who examined their current practices. Some managers, who were firmly entrenched in the hierarchical model,found it difficult to change their ways of working.
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Brink, Nicole. "An interpretative phenomenological analysis of HIV positive individuals’ experiences of being in a support group." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62988.
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People who have been diagnosed HIV positive often experience distress and anxiety due to uncertainties pertaining to the implications of an HIV positive status. Research has shown that support groups have always been a way for people to cope with the distress and stressful circumstances associated with health conditions such as HIV. This research investigated the role of face to face support groups in the lives of those living with HIV. The primary focus of this research project is to provide an in-depth exploration of HIV positive individuals‟ experiences of being in a support group. The study aims to explore the positive and negative experiences of being in an HIV support group and aims to gain an understanding of the role support plays in the lives of those living with HIV. A qualitative research design was used to explore the above mentioned aim. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five individuals, (three women and two men) who had experienced HIV support groups. The interviews were transcribed and then analysed according to the principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings of this study revealed five super-ordinate themes, which revealed not only the positive and negative experiences of being in a support group, but also the challenges that the participants‟ experienced before joining the group. Getting a sense of the participants‟ experience before joining the group allowed the researcher to get a better understanding of how useful or not the support group has been in helping them deal with the challenges of living with HIV. The themes included: „struggling to survive after diagnosis‟, „struggling to cope: adopting negative coping skills‟, „experiencing a turning-point: a will to survive‟, „attending support group: a sweet experience‟ and lastly, „attending support groups: a bitter experience‟. Findings suggest that for these participants, the advantages outweighed the disadvantages of being in a support group. Therefore this study suggests that face to face support groups are a viable and even necessary option for support. These findings support previous research and literature in regards to the importance of social support in the form of support groups in effectively assisting HIV positive people in their journey to adjust to the consequence of living with HIV.
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Tame-Gwaxula, Sindiswa Ruby, and Lange Naydene De. "High school teachers' experiences of dealing with learners made vulnerable by HIV and AIDS." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2959.
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The HIV and AIDS pandemic have become not only a health concern but educational and social concern as well. According to Beyers and Hay (2011, p. 99) many school-going children are not only affected by HIV but a large number of adolescents are also either HIV positive or have AIDS. Other researchers argue that education should act as a vaccine against new HIV infections (Kendall and O’Gara, 2007, p. 6). This argument comes with the expectation that all teachers are willing and ready to work with learners made vulnerable by HIV and AIDS; without considering the lived realities of the teachers in relation to HIV and AIDS. While many teachers make a difference in the lives of affected and infected learners through the way in which they deal with the learners concerned, some may not take up the challenge to assist the learners, while others might unknowingly and unintentionally do harm. This study, therefore, aimed at exploring high school teachers’ experiences of working with learners made vulnerable by HIV and AIDS in order to generate guidelines to assist teachers to effectively deal with vulnerable learners in their classrooms.
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Strydom, Yolandi Eloise, and Diane Elkonin. "The relationship between receiving an HIV test result and the traumatic stress symptoms of rape survivors." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12876.
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Rape survivors often have two traumatic events to deal with. In addition to the actual rape experience, survivors commonly need to deal with hearing the results of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing (which is standard practice after rape in South Africa). The relationship between these two traumatic events in terms of the survivors specific traumatic stress symptoms have not been well explored in the literature. The primary aim of this study was therefore an exploration of the relationship between receiving an HIV test result and the traumatic stress symptoms of rape survivors. In order to contextualise the main aim, an exploration of the relationship between demographic variables, knowledge of HIV status and early traumatic stress symptoms was also completed. The initial sample consisted of 97 South African rape survivors, however, only 45 participants returned for the second part of the study. This quantitative study utilised an exploratory descriptive design using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire-Revised (HTQ-R) to measure the traumatic stress symptoms of rape survivors. The results of the first part of the study indicated that there was no significant difference between participants’ demographic factors in relation to their knowledge of HIV status or their overall traumatic stress symptom severity. Significant differences on individual traumatic stress symptoms indicated a relationship between not knowing one’s HIV status and dissociation after a rape incident, as well as a relationship between rape survivors who knew their HIV status is positive and emotional dysregulation. The results of the second part (and main analysis) of the study indicated that most participants presented with less severe overall traumatic stress severity after receiving their HIV test results (irrespective of their status before and after hearing their results). However, participants whose HIV status was unknown and who received a positive test result reported more severe overall traumatic stress compared to those whose HIV status was unknown and received a negative test result. Some inter-group differences on individual symptoms were HIV TEST RESULT TRAUMATIC STRESS RAPE SURVIVORS noted that highlight the possibility that dissociative and an intrusion/hyperarousal subtypes may be at work to explain some of the differences seen.
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Chiv, Nget Santhat Sermsri. "Illness suffering experience, stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS : a case study of plwas using voluntary counseling confidentiality and testing in Kirivong Referral Hospital, Takeo province, Cambodia /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd415/4938049.pdf.
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Twaise, Nomvula Virginia. "The development of a counselling intervention for people living HIV and AIDS experiencing stress-related psychological conditions in the Eastern Cape province." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7927.
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People living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV) suffer from a number of stress-related psychological disorders. The aim of this study was to develop an integrative intervention, which combined Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Body-Mind Therapy and Multicultural perspectives to assist health care workers in identifying and treating stressrelated psychological disorders among people living with HIV and AIDS. The study employed an intervention research design using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative data was collected from PLHIV attending HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) and Anti-retroviral therapy clinics in the Buffalo City Municipality (BCM) of the Eastern Cape Province. The qualitative data was collected from the health care workers of the selected study sites. Purposive sampling was used to select the study sample. Instruments used included a biographical questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Medical Outcome Study- HIV (MOS-HIV) and focus group interviews to gather data for the development of an intervention model that would address reported stress-related psychological disorders. Findings showed that people living with HIV and AIDS endure stress in their lives on daily basis rather than episodes of severe or clinical depression. Many of the PLHIV are dealing with a number of psychosocial problems that compromise their quality of life and health status. In conclusion, the study illustratively interpreted and discussed the results in relation to the objectives of the study. The study recommends that PLHIV should be exposed to stress management programmes, and health care workers (HCWs) should be offered training in basic counselling skills, stress management and/or debriefing.
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Frans, Nocawe R. "ART : the views of counsellors about skills needed in counselling HIV/AIDS patients." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://etd.sun.ac.za/jspui/handle/10019/1471.
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Du, Toit Monica. "MIV/VIGS-berading in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap : 'n kritiese beskouing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52938.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) have already reached a magnitude in Southern Africa which can hardly be addressed by the existing structures. HIV counselling is considered to be an important preventative and supportive strategy in the battle against HIV. In recent years therefore, urgent attempts have been made to provide HIV/AIDS counselling services throughout South Africa. The researcher had a firsthand experience of such an attempt as manager of HIV counselling services for a NGO working in a peri-urban community. She realised that although the ideal outcome and aims of HIV counselling have been widely documented, very little research has been done on the implementation of these principles in health systems with limited resources. It was thought that a meaningful contribution could be made to the development of HIV counselling services in a specific South African community by critically exploring current HIV counselling services in such a community. This exploration entailed the following: • reviewing the literature on HIV counselling; • clarifying the goal of HIV counselling; • clarifying behaviour change as an outcome of HIV counselling; • exploring the influence of the Stellenbosch context on the content and outcome of HIV counselling; and; • exploring to what extent the goals of HIV counselling (as prescribed by international and national literature) are pursued in the Stellenbosch context. The ecological model and an action research method were used to direct this study. The researcher used her position and experience as manager of the HIV counselling services within a non-governmental organisation to access sources of information. Direct and participatory observations were utilised to gather information regarding the implementation of HIV counselling services in the community. The model of Raeburn and Seymour (1979) and specifically the overview phase have been used as a framework to organise the data and to describe the HIV counselling system in the specific community. The researcher concluded that the theoretical principles that were identified as prerequisites for effective HIV counselling services were often irreconcilable with the management skills, context, infrastructure and aims of the primary health services within the district. It was highlighted that a systemic understanding of the impact of the environment should be considered when future models and outcomes are formulated and implemented. Finally, alternative suggestions for the management, the formulation of outcomes and the utilisation of personnel in HIV counselling in this specific community were discussed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Menslike Immuniteitsgebreksvirus (MIV) en Verworwe Immuniteitsgebreksindroom (Vigs) in Suider-Afrika het reeds 'n omvang bereik wat beswaarlik deur die bestaande strukture aangespreek kan word. MIV-berading word beskou as 'n belangrike voorkomende en ondersteunende strategie in die stryd teen MIV. In die laaste paar jaar is dringende pogings dus aangewend om MIV-beradingsdienste in die hele Suid Afrika beskikbaar te stel. Die navorser het eerstehandse ervaring gehad van hierdie inisiatief as bestuurder van MIV -beradingsdienste vir 'n nie-regeringsorganisasie wat werksaam is in 'n semilandelike gemeenskap. Alhoewel die ideale uitkoms en doel van MIV -berading wyd gedokumenteer is, het sy besef dat baie min navorsing gedoen is oor die implementering van hierdie beginsels in gesondheidsisteme met beperkte bronne. Daar is geredeneer dat 'n betekenisvolle bydrae gemaak kan word tot die ontwikkeling van MIV -beradingsdienste binne 'n spesifike Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap deur die huidige MIV -beradingsdienste in so 'n gemeenskap krities te verken. Hierdie verkenning het die volgende behels : • literatuur oor MIV -berading te bestudeer; • MIV-berading se doelwitte te verhelder; • gedragsverandering as uitkoms van MIV -berading te verhelder; • te eksploreer hoe die Stellenbosch konteks die inhoud en uitkoms van MIV -berading beïnvloed; en • te eksploreer tot watter mate die doelwitte van MIV -berading ( soos voorgeskryf deur internasionale en nasionale literatuur) in die Stellenbosch konteks nagestreefword. Die ekologiese model en 'n aksienavorsingsmetode is gebruik om die ondersoek te rig. Die navorser het haar posisie en ervaring as bestuurder van MIV -beradingsdienste binne 'n nie-regeringsorganisasie gebruik om toegang te verkry tot inligting. Direkte en deelnemende waarneming is gebruik om inligting in te samel rakende die implementering van MIV -beradingsdienste in die gemeenskap. Die model van Raeburn en Seymour ( 1979) en spesifiek die oorsigfase is gebruik as 'n raamwerk om data te organiseer en die MIV -beradingsisteem in die spesifieke gemeenskap te beskryf. Die navorser het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die teoretiese beginsels wat geïdentifiseer is as essensiële voorvereistes vir effektiewe MIV -beradingsdienste in soveelopsigte onversoenbaar is met die bestuursvaardighede, konteks, infrastruktuur en doelwitte wat binne die spesifieke primêre gesondheidsdienste geld. Dit is beklemtoon dat In sistemiese verstaan van die invloed van die omgewing en die inagneming van die sisteem belangrik is wanneer toekomstige doelwitte geformuleer en modelle geïmplementeer word. Alternatiewe voorstelle vir die bestuur van beradingsdienste, die formulering van uitkomsdoelwitte en die benutting van personeel in hierdie dienste is ten slotte bespreek.
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Rohleder, Poul Andrew. "What I did is just to talk; nothing else' : the experiences of HIV/AIDS counsellors attached to lifeline, Khayelitsha, Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53717.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Counselling has been recognised as an important component ofHIV and AIDS care, and an essential part ofHIV testing. Counsellors are involved in a dynamic interrelationship with their clients as well as with the organisations in which they work. From a psychoanalytic framework, unconscious anxieties can playa role in the work of the counsellor. Transference and countertransference are processes, which are involved in the counselling situation. While these processes can be a source for understanding the client, they may also become problematic for the counsellor when they overwhelm the counsellor. This study explores the experiences of HIVIAIDS counsellors attached to Lifeline, Khayelitsha in Cape Town. Twenty-nine counsellors were interviewed using individual interviews and focus group discussions. Results explore the counselling training and activity; the difficulties of counselling; what helps the counsellor to cope; and the general impact that counselling has had on the counsellors' lives. The findings reveal the difficult and often distressing aspect of counselling persons with HIVand AIDS. A number of issues facing the client, as well as cultural and workplace issues may cause difficulties for the counsellor. In addition, the nature of the disease, and the issues it creates for the patient, can arouse a number of anxieties in the counsellor related to their own past. The results reveal some possible limitations to an individual client-centred approach. The study concludes that psychodynamic issues should form part of the counsellor's training, and be explored during regular counsellor supervision.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Berading is erken as 'n belangrike komponent in HIV en VIGS sorg, en 'n essensiele deel van HIV toetsing. Beraders is betrokke in 'n dinamiese verhouding met hul kliënte so wel as die organisasies vir wie hulle werk. Vanaf 'n psigoanalitiese raamwerk kan angs in die onderbewussyn, 'n rol speel in die werk van beraders. Oordrag en teenoordrag is prosesse wat betrokke is by die beradingsituasie. Alhoewel die proses 'n bron is wat tot beter verstandhouding met die kliënt kan lei, mag dit ook die berader oorweldig. Hierdie studie verken die ervaringe van beraders verbonde aan LifeLine, Khayelitsha in Kaapstad. Nege-entwintig beraders is individueelonderhoude mee gevoer en het aan fokus groepe deelgeneem. Resultate ondersoek die berading opleiding en aktiwiteite; die problematiese aspek van berading; wat die berader help om klaar te kom; en die algemene impak wat berading het op die lewe van 'n berader. Die resultate onthul die moeilike en dikwelse stresvolle aspek van berading met HIV en VIGS pasiënte. 'n Aantal aspekte wat die pasiënte mee toe doen kry so wel as kulturele en werksplek faktore kan sake vir die berader beïnvloed. Verder kan die aard van die siekte en die probleme wat die siekte vir die pasiënt veroorsaak lei tot angs vir die berader ten opsigte van sy ofhaar eie verlede. Die resultate onthul verskeie tekortkominge tot 'n individueeie kliëntgesentreerde berading. Die studie beslus dat psigodinamiese probleme dalk deel moet vorm in die berader se opleiding, asook verder ondersoek moet word in gewone berader toesighouding.
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Gerber, Barbara. "The challenges of managing HIV/AIDS counsellors in a rural district in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007799.
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The pandemic of HIV/AIDS has challenged several aspects of contemporary social life. HIV/AIDS counselling has developed as a social response to provide support for those infected with the disease. Due to the nature and complexity of the disease, HIV/AIDS counsellors encounter a diversity and intensity of emotions when counselling. A support system that includes effective management and supervision may assist in resolving emotions and reactions that HIV/AIDS counsellors may experience as a result of working with HIV/AIDS clients. This study examines the difficulties that both managers and the HIV/AIDS counsellors at a rural district hospital in the Eastern Cape and its surrounding clinics are faced with, in providing the HIV/AIDS counsellors with the support they need. Engestrom's (1987) model of activity theory was used as a conceptual framework guiding both the analysis and interpretation of the data. This model facilitates the identification of tensions and contradictions thereby opening a space for change and transformation within an activity system. Multiple sources of data collection were used that included focus groups with managers and HIV/AIDS counsellors, interviews with senior hospital staff and an official from the Department of Health, Eastern Cape, and a tour of the rural district hospital. The findings suggest that HIV/AIDS counsellors do not feel supported by their managers. Managers in turn are of the opinion that they do not offer the support the HIV/AIDS counsellors' need. The lack of support is attributed to geographic distances between hospitals and the clinics they serve, lack of available transport and the multiplicity of roles of both managers and the HIV/AIDS counsellors. The pandemic of HIV/AIDS has challenged several aspects of contemporary social life. HIV/AIDS counselling has developed as a social response to provide support for those infected with the disease. Due to the nature and complexity of the disease, HIV/AIDS counsellors encounter a diversity and intensity of emotions when counselling. A support system that includes effective management and supervision may assist in resolving emotions and reactions that HIV/AIDS counsellors may experience as a result of working with HIV/AIDS clients. This study examines the difficulties that both managers and the HIV/AIDS counsellors at a rural district hospital in the Eastern Cape and its surrounding clinics are faced with, in providing the HIV/AIDS counsellors with the support they need. Engestrom's (1987) model of activity theory was used as a conceptual framework guiding both the analysis and interpretation of the data. This model facilitates the identification of tensions and contradictions thereby opening a space for change and transformation within an activity system. Multiple sources of data collection were used that included focus groups with managers and HIV/AIDS counsellors, interviews with senior hospital staff and an official from the Department of Health, Eastern Cape, and a tour of the rural district hospital. The findings suggest that HIV/AIDS counsellors do not feel supported by their managers. Managers in turn are of the opinion that they do not offer the support the HIV/AIDS counsellors' need. The lack of support is attributed to geographic distances between hospitals and the clinics they serve, lack of available transport and the multiplicity of roles of both managers and the HIV/AIDS counsellors. Recommendations include the introduction of self-supervision , peer groupsupervision for HIV/AIDS counsellors.
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Van, der Westhuizen Sune. "A qualitative study generating an item pool for a scale that measures negativity experienced by HIV/AIDS lay counsellors." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4630.
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Komanyane, Lorato. "Factors influencing the utilization of voluntary counselling and testing services amongst employees of the Lobatse Town Council in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/535.
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In this study both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to find out to what extent the Lobatse Town Council employees used Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) HIV and AIDS services, the reasons for using or not using the services, the preferred service providers reasons for choosing a service provider. Lastly recommendations were made on how the uptake HIV and AIDS VCT services could increased amongst the employees. A sample of 200 respondents was selected from the employees of the Lobatse Town Council, and it was established that 65.5 percent of the respondents had used VCT. Females had a higher testing participation rates than males, white collar respondents had a higher testing participation than the blue collar respondents. There was a higher rate amongst the married than the single respondents and the older ages of 30 and above than the young ages of 29 years and under. In the study it was also established that the majority of the respondents considered voluntary counselling and testing for HIV and AIDS as being important. However there were some groups that were more positive than others regarding the importance of testing. More females than males were positive regarding the importance of testing, and also amongst the employment categories the white collar respondents were more positive than the blue collar respondents regarding the importance of HIV and AIDS testing. Furthermore it was established that the most important reason for testing amongst the employees that did test for HIV and AIDS was that they felt that they needed to undergo testing before they tested. The respondents that did not test for HIV and AIDS indicated that the most important reason for not testing was that they were scared the results could not be kept confidential. The research also showed that the most preferred service provider was Tebelopele. Tebelopele was the most used and preferred service provider amongst both gender and age groups, all marital groups and the blue collar group in the employment categories. However, for the white collar group the most preferred service provider was the private practitioners. The most common reason for choosing a service provider was confidentiality and privacy. Lastly, the research makes recommendations on what needs to be done to increase the uptake of VCT HIV and AIDS testing amongst the Lobatse Town Council employees. One of the recommendations is that there was a need to educate the employees of the Lobatse Town Council and that the education should be specific for each group. For example from the group discussion the participants felt that the reason to why males did not want to utilise HIV and AIDS VCT was because they lacked knowledge on the importance of testing. Also the respondents indicated that there was a need to remove stigma and discrimination through removing confidentiality attached to HIV and AIDS. It was also, recommended that the Lobatse Town Council formulate and implements a workplace policy on HIV and AIDS
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Nulty, Maria. "The experiences and needs of HIV/AIDS counsellors at Settlers Hospital, Grahamstown." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/87/1/MNulty.pdf.
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Cognisant of the fact that counselling has become an essential aspect of dealing with HIV/AIDS in South Africa, the researcher aimed to explore the stressors experienced by HIV/AIDS counsellors. It was envisioned that the results obtained would both help to improve the counselling services provided at Settlers Hospital, and assist other organisations to do so. The research focused on how the participants dealt with the dual roles of non-directive listening and the more prescriptive advice-giving, the stressors they experienced and the support structures they had, or needed, to assist them in being more effective HIV/AIDS counsellors. The sample consisted of four HIV/AIDS counsellors working at Settlers Hospital, Grahamstown. The co-ordinator of HIV/AIDS at the hospital was interviewed for collateral information. A qualitative, multiple case study was undertaken. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data which were recorded and transcribed and then constructed into coherently organised personal narratives of each participant’s experiences. A composite description of all the results was arrived at through the use of a reading guide which reduced the data into a thematic content analysis. The analysed data served to present an understanding of the counsellors’ experiences and to enable recommendations to be made which could assist them in pursuing their work more effectively. The findings of this study indicate that HIV/AIDS counselling is an emotionally stressful occupation. Contributory factors include the twofold role of promoting prevention and serving as empathic listeners. Other stressors derive from issues of confidentiality and stigma concerning HIV/AIDS, counsellors’ identification with clients’ experiences and the demographics of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Situational stressors which arise from working as both nurses and counsellors in a public health institution were also identified. Recommendations are made to alleviate the counsellors’ stress in the form of facilitated emotional support groups, professional supervision, managerial support to improve the working environment, and ongoing in-service training.
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Foster, Caron. "An exploration of voluntary counselling and testing : a Port Elizabeth-based study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1204.
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The purpose of this study was to explore and identify factors that either facilitate or inhibit individuals volunteering for HIV-testing. The target group was comprised of Xhosa first-language construction workers in a company with an HIV/AIDS workplace policy and programme. This programme provides basic education and awareness about HIV/AIDS. This education includes information about where to access voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services. Interpretive qualitative research was undertaken in order to explore the beliefs, perceptions and intentions of the target group in regard to the utilisation VCT services. Data was collected using an unstructured interview guide. The data was analysed using Tesch’s approach to content analysis. Concerns about validity and reliability were engaged throughout the research process and supported further by using researcher reflexivity and an independent researcher. The independent researcher analysed data separately and only after discussion and consensus being found between the two researchers were final categories and codes agreed upon and data analysis considered complete. Findings revealed that an HIV/AIDS workplace programme has a positive impact on the health-seeking behaviour of workers in the construction company used in this research. Respondents knew how HIV/AIDS is transmitted, how to prevent transmission and where to find HIV-testing treatment and support. In this case HIV-testing services can easily be accessed further facilitating respondents volunteering for HIV-testing. It was also found that family, friends and churches support HIV-testing behaviour by providing education, guidance and support to respondents encouraging behaviour change. On the other hand, respondents held that community members who had not benefited from an HIV/AIDS workplace programme such as theirs are exposed daily to the devastating effects of HIV leading to AIDS deaths and live in fear of the disease. Debilitating illness and eventual death is equated with an HIV-positive diagnosis which causes community members to believe it is better not to volunteer for HIV-testing than to ascertain one’s HIV-status. The HIV/AIDS workplace policy and xv programme on the other hand is seen to have provided respondents with HIV/AIDS knowledge enabling them to overcome their fear of an HIV-positive diagnosis and to volunteer for regular HIV-testing.
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Jackson, Dawne Shirley. "The experiences of people living with HIV-AIDS with regard to the comprehensive antiretroviral therapy management received from registered nurses at selected public primary heathcare clinics in Nelson Mandela Bay." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1253.
Full textAbstract:
Currently South Africa has the highest number of persons living with HIV-AIDS (PLWAs) in the world. Focus-group discussions conducted by Moon (2005:3) in the Eastern Cape indicated that people may not want to get tested for HIV or to access antiretroviral therapy (ART) for fear of disclosure of their HIV-positive status and of stigmatization. These findings prompted the researcher to conduct a study in this field. The objectives of this study are to explore and describe the experiences of PLWAs with regard to the comprehensive ART management received from registered nurses at selected public primary healthcare clinics in Nelson Mandela Bay; and to develop guidelines for registered nurses that could facilitate them in rendering appropriate comprehensive ART management. The research study is based on a qualitative, explorative, descriptive, phenomenological and contextual research design. The research population comprised of HIV-positive patients who received treatment at the selected public primary healthcare clinics. Criterion-based, purposive sampling was used to select participants for the interviews. Ten in-depth unstructured interviews were conducted. Data was then transcribed and coded. One central theme identified the fact that PLWAs experienced both positive and negative experiences at the clinics. The main findings of this research included evidence of various forms of stigma experienced by the PLWAs; distrust of the lay health counselors; but also that PLWAs were generally well-treated and satisfied with the service they had received. Broad guidelines for registered nurses was formulated that could facilitate them in rendering appropriate comprehensive ART management. The study concludes with recommendations made with regards to the areas of nursing practice, education and research. Throughout the study the researcher abided by the ethical considerations. The aspects of trustworthiness implemented in this study, included dependability, credibility, transferability and confirmability (Holloway & Wheeler, 2002:354).
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August, Yolande Margaret. "A study of the effectiveness of the VCT service at the NMMU." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/470.
Full textAbstract:
The students are the future economic backbone of the country and it is essential that measures are taken to reduce the number of new HIV infections in this segment of the population. Free voluntary counselling and testing for HIV was introduced at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University as one of the prevention strategies to curb the spread of HIV. This service has grown steadily over the years but strategies need to be formulated and implemented to improve the existing service and thereby increase the utilisation of the testing service. This treatise takes the form of an investigative survey involving literature review and a survey of all the individuals who utilised the VCT service over a three month period. The author has attempted to portray the general views and best practices of experts in the field of VCT service delivery. The identified best practices were used as an assessment tool to determine to what extent the VCT service at the NMMU complies with national and international standards. The quantification of these insights must be viewed with caution since the survey sample was relatively low due to time constraints. It has been shown that the VCT service at the NMMU largely complies with national and international standards although several recommendations have been presented for consideration.
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Chitambala, Cecilia. "Factors affecting HIV counselling and testing (HCT) in the provision of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services among pregnant women in Kabwe, Central Province of Zambie." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79955.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research study looked at the factors that affect HCT in provision of PMTCT services. It explored the socio cultural and personal factors that affect HCT. It also established the knowledge level about HIV/AIDS and PMTCT among pregnant women in Kabwe. The transmission of HIV from mother to child contributes largely to HIV prevalence among children. Efforts to reduce this mode of transmission include increasing number of women who know their HIV status and increasing the number of HIV positive women who when pregnant take instructions and act on them to protect their children from the possibility of infection (Bartlett et al. 2004). Individuals can only know their HIV status once they are tested for HIV. However, there are socio cultural and personal factors among other factors that affect the access of HCT. The aim of this study was to identify socio cultural and personal factors that affect HIV counseling and testing in provision of PMTCT services among pregnant women in Kabwe, in order to make recommendations for the development of an intervention program to help improve uptake of HIV counseling and testing for PMTCT services. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used to conduct this study. Focus Group Discussions were conducted with groups of pregnant women that have never been tested for HIV before and Key Informant Interviews with health care workers (midwives or nurses) to ask them about factors affecting HCT in provision of PMTCT services among pregnant women were used. A retrospective statistical report review was also used to ascertain the accessibility rate for the HIV counseling and testing for PMTCT services. In this light, statistical report review was used to collect the number of pregnant women attending ANC and number of pregnant women receiving HIV testing. The findings of this study revealed that the pregnant women had excellent knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the update of HCT was as good as 91% among pregnant women. The research also revealed domestic violence, accusation of promiscuity by partner, abandonment by partner, and stigma & discrimination as socio factors that affect HCT in provision of PMTCT. Religion, fear disbelief of test results was revealed as personal factors affecting HCT in provision of PMTCT. The research revealed decision making, tradition medicines, and practices as cultural factors affecting HCT in provision of PMTCT. The conclusion was made that fear of abandonment by partner, fear of being accused of being promiscuous by partner, and fear of domestic violence were the main factors why some pregnant women did not accept to take an HIV test during their pregnancies. It is also concluded that most men make decisions for their families. Women in homes have no powers to make decisions, so if the husband refuses her to take a test, the wife just has to comply. It is also concluded that a person’s ability to access health related services is shaped by socio cultural and personal factors among others factors. These findings fit well with the Anderson behavioral model which describes the individual factors as having three elements that relate to the individual’s ability to access and utilize health care services.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingstudie het gekyk na die faktore wat 'n invloed HCT in die voorsiening van VMTKO dienste. Dit ondersoek die sosio-kulturele en persoonlike faktore wat HCT. Dit het ook die kennis oor MIV / VIGS en VMNKO onder swanger vroue in Kabwe. Die oordrag van MIV van moeder na kind dra grootliks by tot die voorkoms van MIV onder kinders (Bartlett et al. 2004). Pogings om hierdie wyse van oordrag te verminder sluit in toenemende aantal vroue wat hul MIV-status ken en die verhoging van die aantal MIV-positiewe vroue wat toe swanger neem instruksies en reageer op hulle om hul kinders te beskerm teen die moontlikheid van infeksie. Individue kan slegs weet wat hul MIV-status wanneer hulle getoets word vir MIV. Egter, is daar sosiaal-kulturele en persoonlike faktore onder ander faktore wees wat die toegang van HCT. Die doel van hierdie studie was om sosiaal-kulturele en persoonlike faktore wat die MIV-berading en toetsing in die voorsiening van VMTKO dienste onder swanger vroue in Kabwe te identifiseer, ten einde aanbevelings te maak vir die ontwikkeling van 'n intervensie program te help opname van MIV-berading en toetsing vir VMNKO dienste te verbeter. Beide kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe metodes is gebruik om hierdie studie uit te voer. Fokusgroepbesprekings is gevoer met groepe van swanger vroue wat nog nooit vir MIV getoets is voor en onderhoude met sleutelinformante met gesondheidsorgwerkersVroedvroue of verpleegsters) is gebruik om hulle te vra oor die faktore wat HCT in voorsiening van PMTCT dienste onder swanger vroue. 'n Retrospektiewe statistiese verslag review is ook gebruik om die toeganklikheid koers vir die MIV-berading en om vas te stel toetsing vir VMNKO dienste. In hierdie lig, is statistiese verslag hersiening gebruik word om die aantal swanger vroue wat die ANC en die aantal swanger vroue MIV-toetsing in te samel. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie het aan die lig gebring dat die swanger vroue het uitstekende kennis oor MIV / VIGS en die update van HCT was so goed as 91% onder swanger vroue. Die navorsing het ook aan die lig gebring huishoudelike geweld, beskuldiging van losbandigheid deur vennoot, verlating deur vennoot, en stigma diskriminasie as sosio faktore wat 'n invloed HCT in die bepaling van die PMTCT. Godsdiens, vrees ongeloof van toetsresultate is geopenbaar as persoonlike faktore wat HCT in die voorsiening van PMTCT. Die navorsing het aan die lig gebring besluitneming, tradisie medisyne, en praktyke as kulturele faktore wat HCT in die voorsiening van PMTCT. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat vrees vir verlating deur vennoot, vrees daarvan beskuldig dat hy van promisku deur vennoot, en die vrees van huishoudelike geweld was die belangrikste faktore waarom sommige swanger vroue nie aanvaar het nie 'n MIV-toets te neem tydens hul swangerskappe. Dit is ook die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die meeste mense besluite neem vir hul families. Vroue in huise het geen magte om besluite te neem, so as die man weier om vir haar 'n toets te neem, die vrou net om daaraan te voldoen. Dit is ook die gevolgtrekking gekom dat 'n persoon se vermoë om gesondheid verwante dienste om toegang te verkry tot gevorm word deur die sosiaal-kulturele en persoonlike faktore onder andere faktore. Hierdie bevindings pas goed met die Anderson gedrags-model wat die individuele faktore beskryf met drie elemente wat betrekking het op die individu se vermoë om toegang te verkry tot en gebruik van gesondheidsorgdienste.
25
Idogho, Omokhudu. "Determinants of voluntary HIV counselling testing uptake in the federal capital territory Abuja, Nigeria." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4923.
Full textAbstract:
The overall aim of this study was to understand the determinants of VCT uptake in the general population of Nigeria’s federal capital territory of Abuja. Uptake of VCT still remains low despite increased availability of VCT information and services in Abuja, Nigeria.
A quantitative cross-sectional study was undertaken with 180 respondents from Abuja, using an adaptation of the Health Belief Model as conceptual framework, to elucidate the social demographics of respondents, their HIV/VCT knowledge, their perceptions of VCT facility design, societal support for VCT, and how HIV stigma shapes the phenomenon of VCT uptake in Abuja, Nigeria.
The key findings were that a better understanding of HIV prevention, a perception of support from community and religious leaders, and access to HIV test services in government facilities are positive predictors of higher VCT uptake. Poor personal risk assessment and the cost of HIV testing were identified as the key barriers to VCT access.Health Studies
M.P.H.
26
Molefe, Matilda Nombuyiselo. "Attitudes and fears of HIV counsellors towards voluntary HIV testing." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1595.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.This study explores attitudes and fears of HIV counsellors towards HIV testing. A social constructionistic perspective was used to realize this objective. The researcher hoped to find out the following: what attitudes and fears do HIV counselors( who have not tested for HIV), have towards HIV testing? how the HIV counsellors’ attitudes and fears differ from those of the general population. the environmental factors affecting their decision, their vulnerability to HIV and what can facilitate their willingness to test. what strategies can be used (from the HIV counsellors’ point of view), to change those attitudes and alleviate those fears so that all HIV counsellors can be willing to undergo voluntary HIV testing. Tape recorded interviews were conducted with the HIV counsellors who have not tested for HIV. It was evident in the study that there are attitudes and fears towards HIV testing which are common to the HIV counselors and the general population, and those which are peculiar to HIV counselors because of the nature of their job. Also evident in the study is the fact that HIV counsellors are vulnerable to contracting HIV and therefore could reap the benefits of knowing their HIV status by undergoing the HIV test. The researcher together with the HIV counsellors co-designed strategies that will address those attitudes and fears so that HIV counsellors can be encouraged to undergo voluntary HIV testing. Since the study was conducted only in the community clinics, the findings cannot be generalized to all HIV counsellors. The recommendations based on the findings are that a similar study should be done and should cover a much wider and broader context to determine if such a study can yield similar results.
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Josephson, Nicole Elaine. "Exploring the narratives of therapists who work with HIV-positive clients." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5799.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.The researcher has undertaken a social constructionist research project that aims to explore the narratives of therapists who work with HIV-positive clients in the South African context. The researcher hoped to generate information regarding the: difficulties or challenges that are peculiar to this type of therapy and the impact of this therapy on the professional and personal lives of the therapist. The initial part of the dissertation covers an investigation of the literature regarding HIV/AIDS and HIV-related therapy. This literature reveals that mental health workers and psychologists experience considerable stress and 'burn-out' related to the many difficult issues provoked by HIV-positive clients. The theoretical foundations of postmodernism and social constructionist research are also described. In line with the researcher's epistemology, the methodology was qualitative in nature and made use of unstructured interviews. The narratives of the participants were then subjected to a qualitative or thematic analysis. The results of the study are presented in terms of the significant themes in the participants' accounts. It is evident in the narratives of the research participants that there are peculiar difficulties in therapy with HIV-positive clients. Also evident are the significant effects that this work has on the therapists' professional and personal beliefs, attitudes, philosophies and behaviour. Finally the results are discussed and a critical evaluation of the study is offered. The objective of the research is not to generalise the findings to all Clinical Psychologists who work with HIV-positive clients. A recommendation based on the findings is that therapists considering working with HIV-positive clients familiarise themselves with the issues that this therapy raises.
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Richards, Kimberly A. "Zimbabwean counselors' knowledge of and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30479.
Full textAbstract:
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become the world's foremost
health threat and is the number one killer in Zimbabwe. Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome impacts not only the individual who has AIDS, but on nuclear and extended
families, and all aspects of society in Zimbabwe. Since studies have indicated that
counseling could be an effective tool in preventing the spread of Human Immuno
Deficiency Virus (HIV) and helping those who are already impacted by the virus, it would
be important for counselors to be knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS and have positive
attitudes towards people with HIV/AIDS. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to
investigate eight practicing Zimbabwean counselors' attitudes towards and knowledge of
HIV/AIDS. Additionally, the study explored the emotions the counselors experienced
while counseling HI V/AIDS clients, their beliefs about the origin of HI V/AIDS, and their
perceptions about HI V/AIDS counseling in Zimbabwe.
Eight practicing counselors in Zimbabwe participated in this study. A mixed
method Model III with a sequential exploratory design was used amid phenomenological
underpinnings. The counselors provided information through a mailed (electronic mail)
questionnaire and telephone interviews. Follow-ups to the interviews were carried out
through the electronic mail.
Results indicated that the counselors in the study were generally knowledgeable
about HIV/AIDS, had positive attitudes toward people with HIV/AIDS, and did not think
that the origin of HIV/AIDS was important and that it was better to focus on the solutions
to the problem. The counselors experienced a wide variety of feelings while counseling
HIV/AIDS clients. The counselors reported more negative than positive feelings, but most
of the feelings were not directed toward the client. The counselors revealed that HIV/AIDS
counseling was complex and difficult. The counselors thought counselor training in
Zimbabwe was too limited and that counselors in Zimbabwe in general lacked both support
and supervision services. Despite the difficulties of, and the lack of support and
supervision, the counselors found meaning in counseling HIV/AIDS clients.Graduation date: 2004
29
Mutasa, Daniel. "HIV and AIDS: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of counsellors at NGOs in Emfuleni Municipality." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26534.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Human and Community Development,
University of Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Masters of Arts in the field of Social Development, 2018Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which leads to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), is one of the world’s greatest health threats and leads to death of millions of people. In 2016, an estimated one million people died of AIDS related causes globally. An estimated 36,7 million people in the world are living with HIV and AIDS. HIV counselling is regarded an integral part of prevention and coping strategies and an effective tool in preventing the spread of HIV and AIDS. HIV and AIDS have negative psycho-social effects to individuals and families. This study investigated counsellor’s knowledge of HIV and AIDS, attitudes towards PLWHA and counselling practices at Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) operating within Emfuleni Local Municipality. Incorrect knowledge of HIV and AIDS, negative attitudes towards PLWHA and poor practices can negatively affect efforts to curb the pandemic. A non -experimental study was conducted with a sample of 101 HIV counsellors. Data was gathered by a self - administered questionnaire soliciting counsellors responses pertaining to knowledge of HIV and AIDS, attitudes towards PLWA and counselling practices. Data was analysed quantitatively utilising the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). A statistical analysis was done to test the significance of relationship between knowledge of HIV and AIDS, attitudes towards PLWA and practices utilizing the demographics of the study group. The majority of respondents 86(84,8%) had good knowledge of HIV and AIDS. There were no significant relationships (P>0,05) between age, race, marital status, qualifications, years of experiences and respondents’ level of knowledge. Attitudes towards PLWHA (87,16%) were positive and were not statistically significantly correlated with HIV and AIDS knowledge and counselling practices. There were significant relationships between qualifications and counselling practices (F = 4,335, P= 0,003).
XL2019
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Mayaki, Toluwalase Feyisetan. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards voluntary HIV counselling and testing among adolescents of a senior high school in Nigeria." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/9503.
Full textAbstract:
Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV is a vital tool in HIV prevention and care, available information indicates low uptake among Nigerian adolescents despite effort at combating the scourge of HIV/AIDS. A cross sectional quantitative descriptive study was conducted to describe the knowledge, understand the attitudes and practices of VCT among adolescents of senior high school in Nigeria with the aim of informing VCT services and policies. A systematic random sampling of 100 adolescents was done and data collected by means of structured self-administered questionnaires. The study revealed inadequate knowledge on VCT among the study participants which is probably responsible for their poor VCT uptake. Free VCT services and availability of VCT services within the school are factors that could motivate VCT uptake among the students. There is need to enhance dissemination of VCT information among youth and create youth-friendly VCT services to increase VCT uptake among adolescentsHealth Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
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Tumwikirize, Simpson. "A model for revitalising caregiver social support competencies: the value of support group participation on behavioural outcomes of people living with HIV in Nigeria." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19893.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishThe discovery that anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is important for human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) prevention has increased interest in factors that influence adherence to HIV treatment. Studies have shown that non-adherence to ART results in drug resistance, morbidity and person-to-person HIV transmission. For persons defaulting on or living risky sexual lives, becoming adherent is a life-saving behavioural change, both for themselves and for their sexual partners. HIV/AIDS programmes are trying different innovations to enhance behavioural outcomes of people living with HIV (PLHIV). This study sought to determine the value of support group participation and based on the findings, to develop an evidence-based model for revitalising caregiver social support competencies. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a cross-sectional descriptive design was used to compare PLHIV who participate in support group activities with those who do not, in terms of their behavioural outcomes. Multistage probability sampling was used to select study respondents. Data was collected using a selfadministered questionnaire from 1,676 respondents between February and May 2014. Data was analysed using STATA. Data analysis shows that 47% of respondents had once (ever) participated in support group activities while 53% had never. PLHIV who participated in support group activities differed from those who did not in terms of HIV-related stigma (p=<0.001), positive HIV status disclosure (p=0.005), ART adherence (p=0.021), and sexual risk behaviours (p=0.045). PLHIV who participated in support group activities were more likely to have less internal HIV-related stigma, disclose their positive HIV status, adhere to ART and live less risky sexual lives. The two study groups were not different in terms of perceived social support (p=0.28) and external stigma (p=0.250). More PLHIV obtained social support from health workers (66%) and family members (36%) than from PLHIV support groups (16%). The researcher concludes that participating in support group activities positively impacts on behavioural outcomes of PLHIV, but PLHIV support groups are not the only sources of social support. In the second phase, a model for revitalising PLHIV caregiver social support competencies was developed as a recommendation for assuring PLHIV access to holistic care and support.
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Louw, Nadia Marie. "Recommendations for "weaving a circle of care" for families affected by HIV/AIDS in a specific south rand community." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/589.
Full textAbstract:
M.Ed.Over the past decade, the HIV/AIDS pandemic has had a devastating effect on many communities and families in South Africa. Many families have already lost, and many more will lose, primary caregivers to the disease. This could have a serious impact on the living conditions and emotional wellbeing of families, and especially of children and adolescents. As an intern educational psychologist working in the Eldorado Park community, the researcher became aware of the difficulties and needs experienced by families that are affected by HIV/AIDS. This study therefore aims to identify the needs of families affected by HIV/AIDS, in order to assist the educational psychologist by making recommendations for weaving a circle of care to support them, within an asset-based approach. To accomplish this, the study utilised a participatory research approach within a critical theoretical paradigm and case study design. Purposeful selection was employed and as the study is concerned with HIV/AIDS which requires the utmost confidentiality, the families were identified with the help of home-based care workers. The researcher interviewed three families and eight home-based care workers in the Eldorado Park community. Detailed data analysis and interpretation of the needs highlighted during these interviews revealed a number of common themes, which are indicative of the needs of families affected by HIV/AIDS in the Eldorado Park area. These families expressed a need for awareness, love and understanding from their communities. They also wish to have greater understanding and support from schools, as well as expressing the need for opportunities to share their experiences and raise community awareness by speaking at schools and churches, and through support groups. Families furthermore require assistance with the great economic difficulties they face, largely due to illness and unemployment. A need to gain greater access to medical care, social grants and burial societies, was expressed. Difficulties with transport and documentation seemed to create a major barrier in this regard. The need for psychological and spiritual counselling as well as legal advice was highlighted. The study provides recommendations and a practical asset map to assist the educational psychologist in weaving a circle of care for families affected by HIV/AIDS.
Mrs. Helen Krige Dr. Elzette Fritz
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Manamela, Makgabo Johanna. "Nurses' interaction with patients who are HIV/AIDS infected." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1722.
Full textAbstract:
D.Cur.The nurses who work in the hospitals are constantly in interaction with the patients. As the HIV infection has now reached the AIDS phase, most people who were infected five to ten years back are now sick due to HIV/AIDS compromised conditions. The statistics inform us that mostly young people are dying. This has reversed nature, in that elders are now burying the youth. The HIV/AIDS infected people who are ill are admitted to general hospitals for health care. At present the patients are cared for in the general wards with other patients who may not be HIV/AIDS infected. In the hospitals they are cared for by the health team, of which the nurses are with these patients for 24 hours a day. This study focused on the interaction between nurses and admitted patients who are HIV/AIDS positive. The patients may have been admitted due to opportunistic diseases or any other illnesses. Most patients with HIV/AIDS suffer from opportunistic diseases, pain and stress. Nurses become aware of the patient’s HIV/AIDS status for health care reasons. Nurses are in most institutions the first contact in health care. Therefore the nurses are engaged in established relationships with patient, families, friends and the community for the purpose of the provision of health care services. These relationships entail interaction. The interaction between the nurse and the patients plays a major role in the care of the patient. This interaction between the nurses and patients entails a number of aspects, such as communication, be it verbal or non-verbal. The latter includes behavioural and affective aspects, such as attitudes, the way care is provided and how the parties feel about the interaction. Nursing is a human interaction. In this interaction the nurse and the patient build a therapeutic relationship, resulting in assistance to facilitate the wellbeing of the patient and rapid recovery. The HIV /Aids infection affects the patient as a whole because of the stigma attached to the disease, therefore the affected patients need to be assisted in order to cope with the illness and its consequences. Therefore the purpose of the study was to: • To explore and describe the nurses’ and patients’ (who are HIV AIDS infected) experience of their interaction. • To develop and describe a model that would assist the nurses to facilitate the promotion of mental health in patients who are HIV/AIDS infected. A theory generation research which is qualitative, descriptive and explorative and contextual in nature was conducted with permission from the Department of Health authorities, hospital authorities, admitted patients with HIV/AIDS, the NGO that looks after the patients in the community after discharge, the nurses who work in the general wards and the University of Johannesburg Ethical and Research committee. Pilot interviews were conducted with one nurse-participant and patientparticipant that met the selection criteria.
34
Ogbureke, Chidiebere Kalu. "HIV and AIDS related stigma among undergraduate students at a University in Nigeria." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24354.
Full textAbstract:
The existence of HIV related stigma and discrimination in institutions of learning across the world is well-documented in the literature. It is also well known that factors such as knowledge about stigma and discrimination, fear of infection, social judgment, legal and policy environment act as actionable drivers and facilitators of HIV related stigma and discrimination. However, research works focusing on how various actionable drivers and facilitators are related to different forms of HIV related stigma and discrimination at universities in Nigeria are scanty.
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the individual correlates of HIV-related stigma among undergraduate students at a public university in Nigeria.
Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of South Africa. Permission to access the participants was obtained. The study was conducted at Ambrose Alli University which has a population of over 20,000 students. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Simple random sampling was used to select 404 participants who were handed self-administered questionnaire. Collected data was analysed using All Pearson Chi-square test and Fishers Exact Test (p<0.05). Validity and reliability were also considered.
A total of 391 questionnaires (97%) were returned and considered for analysis. Descriptive summary statistics and cross tabulations were used to analyse The results showed that a high proportion of undergraduate students still have stigmatising behaviours toward people living with HIV. These stigmatising behaviours are associated with certain individual characteristics.
Recommendation: There is an urgent need for political leaders and heads of universities to implement policies and programmes that will enhance knowledge regarding HIV AND AIDS and thereby reduce stigmatizing attitudes among undergraduate students.Health Studies
M.P.H.
35
Mphaya, Joyce Caroline. "Factors that motivate young people aged 14 - 25 years to go for voluntary counseling and testing for HIV in Malawi." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2302.
Full textAbstract:
The study sought to identify factors motivating young people aged 14-25 years to use voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV in Malawi by interviewing 145 young people. The study identified barriers affecting and strategies promoting young people's access to VCT.
The research results indicate that young people go for VCT mainly to know their HIV status. The availability of VCT services, and the provision of VCT services by peers motivate young people to access VCT. Some young people do not access VCT services due to fears of being found HIV+ve and because of the poor attitudes of the health service providers. Providing more information about VCT, involving young people as VCT providers, using youth friendly health service providers, providing VCT in a separate room for young people and through mobile services will increase young people's access to VCT services in Malawi.Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
36
Mbengo, Fungai. "Factors influencing the use of voluntary counselling and testing by university students." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13059.
Full textAbstract:
The study explored the factors influencing the use of voluntary counselling and testing by university students. This was done by undertaking an exploratory and descriptive qualitative study. Focus group discussions and field notes were used to collect data from the participants.
Outcomes from the study revealed various factors to the uptake of Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) services by university students namely: the desire to know one‟s HIV status, illness, pregnancy, blood donation, to get a reward, the influence of significant others, the influence of media, awareness campaigns, compulsion, to get a job, curiosity, to be a positive role model and the positive attitude and professional conduct of the health care provider. The study also revealed various challenges to the uptake of VCT services by university students namely: the fear of being diagnosed HIV positive, HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination, the low perception of risk to HIV infection, the lack of student friendly VCT services, the shortage of human and infrastructural resources, the inaccessibility of VCT services, the long waiting period for test results, negative perceptions about VCT, the problems with pre-test counselling and ignorance. Going by the participants‟ suggestions VCT services uptake by university students could be improved by increased resource allocation (incentives, human and infrastructural resources), increased awareness campaigns, and improved counselling and making VCT services more accessibleInformation Science
MA (Public Health)
37
Lelaka, Constance Matshidiso. "The experiences of HIV sero-discordant couples at the Perinatal HIV Research Unit in Soweto, Gauteng Province." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14385.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative exploratory and descriptive study explored and described the experiences of HIV sero-discordant couples post diagnosis at the Perinatal HIV Research Unit in Soweto, Gauteng Province. Data was collected using in-depth interviews with each individual from seven HIV sero-discordant couples. Following thematic analysis, four themes emerged: immediate response to HIV sero-discordant results; challenges in relation to disclosure of HIV sero-status; limited information on HIV sero-discordant; and the impact of HIV sero-discordant on the couples. All these were mainly linked to poor counselling and inadequate support to HIV sero-discordant couples. The findings of this study have both clinical and policy development implications. Recommendations have been put forward for development of contextual relevant HIV Sero-discordant Couple Counselling and support guidelines focusing of enhancing knowledge and skills of health care professionals responsible for counselling and supporting HIV sero-discordant couples.Health Studies
MA (Public Health)
38
McDonald, Patricia. "The context of the gay male individual with HIV illness : an over view." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11177.
Full textAbstract:
M.A. (Counselling Psychology)This study is an examination of the context of the gay male individual with HIV illness. A psychosocial model is used to investigate the effects of HIV disease on the individual, his partner and the relationship. The model includes a discussion of variables which are related to adjustment to the disease." These include the special characteristics of HIV disease such as the stigma and the progressive nature of the disease. Furthermore the personality characteristics of the individual and the characteristics of his situation are examined. These factors together contribute to making HIV positive diagnosis a crisis for the individual in his context. A case study approach was used to research the subjective experiences of an HIV infected gay man and his partner. In depth interviews were conducted in order to obtain qualitative data on the individuals within the context of their relationship. The data obtained from the interviews supports the literature in many respects. Of special importance is the impact of an HIV positive diagnosis on intimacy in the relationship. Also important are the changes which occur in the sexual relationship as a result of fear of transmission of the HIV virus. Other important changes include adapting to the uncertainty of living with HIV disease and coping with the emotional reactions, which follow HIV diagnosis. The study highlights the importance of emotional support within the primary relationship as well as the role of friends and family in adjusting to HIV disease. The study also demonstrates the importance of effective communication in dealing with the various stresses associated with HIV disease. Lastly therapeutic interventions have been suggested for counselling the gay infected person and his partner in order to help them to cope with the crisis of HIV disease.
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Janse, van Vuuren Laurika S. "Adolescent substance abuse and HIV/AIDS education and prevention." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1241.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.Die doel van hierdie studie is om riglyne vir n geïntegreerde seksualiteit program vir adolosente daar te stel wat aandag skenk aan dwelmmisbruik en verhoogde HIV risiko. Daar is nie hipoteses geformuleer nie. Navorsing vrae is gestel en n literatuurstudie is aan die hand van die vrae gedoen. Daar is gepoog om die profiel van die skool gaande adolosent wat dwelmmiddels misbruik vas te stel. Verder is daar gepoog om die frekwensie van dwelmmisbruik by adolosente vas te stel, sowel as hulle kennis oor die verwantskap tussen HIV/Vigs en dwelmmisbruik. Daar is na die aard en effektiwiteit van huidige seksualiteit programme in die onderwys gekyk om vas te stel of hulle doeltreffend is. n Kwantitatiewe data insamelings metode is gebruik. n Beskrywende en n ondersoekende navorsings ontwerp is gebruik in die studie. Twee honderd-en-vyftig vraelyste is by twee skole versprei. Adolosente van graad agt tot graad elf het die vraelyste ewekansig beantwoord. Die hulp van Statistiese Konsultasie Dienste, te RAU, is ingewin met die optrek van die vraelys sowel as die verwerking van die data. Die profiel van die respondente toon dat die meerderheid 15 jaar en ouer is. Die meeste van die respondente was meisies. Graad nege leerders was die meerderheid van respondente terwyl die ander drie grade eweredig versprei was. Die respondente het meestal by beide of minstens by een biologiese ouer gewoon. Afrikane was die meerderheid van respondente. Blankes was tweede meeste verteenwoordig en die res was verteenwoordig deur Asiërs en Kleurlinge. Leerders het hul skool prestasie as gemiddeld beleef. Belangstelling in skoolwerk was matig. Die misbruik van dwelmmiddels het n verhoogde misbruik oor die naweek getoon. Al die dwelmmiddels was in n mate gebruik, met dagga as die gewildste middel. Die respondente was ambivalent oor die invloed van verhoogde risiko vir HIV met alkohol misbruik. Die meerderheid het bevestig dat daar n verhoogde risiko vir HIV is met die misbruik van dwelmmiddels. Die meerderheid van die adolosente is nie seksueel aktief nie. Die respondente wat wel seksueel aktief is, erken dat hulle in meeste gevalle onder die invloed van dwelmmiddels was tydens hulle laaste seksuele omgang. Die skool is geïdentifiseer as die prominentste plek waar leerders oor dwelmmiddels leer. Die media en tweedens, die skool, is aangedui as die belangrikste plek van leer aangaande HIV. Die leerders verkies klasse waar beide geslagte teenwoordig is. Die medium van onderwys wat verkies word, is n dialoog vorm. Daar is twee groepe adolosente geïdentifiseer in die studie. Die minderheid van adolosente is in gevaar van HIV/Vigs. Die ontwikkeling van n omvattende geïntegreerde seksualiteit program moet gemik wees op die groep adolosente. Aanbevelings met betrekking tot die ontwikkeling van n geïntegreerde seksualiteit program word aan die hand gedoen.
Prof. L. Patel
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Magada, Elizabeth Shambadza. "An investigation into the influence of socio-cultural factors on HIV prevention strategies: a case study of HIV sero-discordant couples in Harare-Zimbabwe." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14613.
Full textAbstract:
This study was an attempt to investigate the influence of socio-cultural factors on HIV prevention strategies among HIV discordant couples in Harare, Zimbabwe. HIV sero-discordance is a scenario whereby one partner is HIV-positive and the other is HIV-negative. HIV sero-discordant couples are a unique and vulnerable population that encounters many peculiar challenges. When dealing with this population, researchers have to deal with contradictory ideas and perceptions presented by each partner making up the couples and also understand the relationship in the context of cultural values, norms and the dynamic of power and oppression. In addition to this, the concept of HIV sero-discordance and the frequency of its occurrence are poorly understood in most African communities. Despite the growing evidence of HIV discordance, HIV prevention strategies have largely focused on clinical aspects at the expense of socio-cultural issues that impact on HIV prevention strategies targeted at HIV sero- discordant couples. The study seeks to contribute to the conceptualization and design of intervention programs dealing with sero-discordance. The study is underpinned by the symbolic interactionism theory and was qualitative in design involving 13 HIV discordant couples in heterosexual relationships enrolled in the HIV Preventions Trials Network 052 Study (HPTN 052 Study) being undertaken by the University of Zimbabwe’s department of medicine. The study utilized 2 Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and 10 in-depth interviews (IDI) to collect data. The study’s findings indicate that discordant couples are in fact critical stakeholders in the uptake of all the available HIV prevention strategies. Failure to acknowledge this tenet is self-defeating as evidenced by the perception of viewing condom use within a marriage as humiliating for a woman. The study further noted that practitioners in the HIV prevention domain must guard against over-relying on the scientifically demonstrated efficacy of the strategies. The study recommends that HIV prevention strategies must be socially and culturally acceptable and embedded for them to be more efficacious.Sociology
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV and AIDS)
41
Buthelezi, Martha Agrineth. "An investigation of the factors that impact on the utilisation of voluntary HIV counselling and testing services at a wellness centre in a higher education institution." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1050.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in fulfillment of requirements for the Degree of Masters in Technology: Nursing, Durban University of Technology. 2013This study investigated the factors that impact on the utilisation of voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) service at a wellness centre in a higher education institution. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify factors that impact on the utilisation of VCT service in a higher education institution. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive survey research design was used to describe the phenomenon and to establish relationships between variables. Participants were selected randomly in order to obtain a broad representative sample in three strata. A formal structured close-ended questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire was designed to focus on variables such as demographic data, environmental factors, enabling factors, predisposing and behavioural factors. Findings: No significant relationship was identified between knowledge of HIV, AIDS and VCT and high school attended in rural, township and urban areas. There was no significant relationship between environmental factors and utilisation of VCT. There was no association between predisposing factors such as risk of VCT and perceived benefits of VCT utilisation. There was no relationship between knowledge and consistency of condom use and utilisation of VCT. The majority of respondents stated that the VCT service was not user friendly and the attitude of the staff toward students was poor. There was no significant relationship between accessibility of VCT service and utilisation of VCT. There was a lack of utilisation of campus VCT services and the majority of respondents utilised other services. Conclusion: The study showed that respondents who knew about availability of VCT were likely to have used the facility. Respondents who showed positive
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Dinku, Fasika Dessalegne. "Strategies to strengthen referral and linkage system of HIV positive clients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20663.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: HIV referral and linkage system in many countries in general and in Ethiopia in particular was poorly characterised by low linkage rate. The purpose of this study was to analyses factors associated with poor referral and linkage system and develop strategies to improve the system.
Methods: A sequential mixed method approach using exploratory descriptive study design was employed. The study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and it was conducted in two phases. Phase I involved data collection and analysis as evidence for the development of strategies while phase II was the development of strategies. For phase I, data were collected in steps 1 and 2 using individual interviews and focus group discussions respectively. The study participants were programme owners and partners who were supporting facilities during the data collection period in step 1 and health care providers in step 2. A total of 4 individual interviews and 3 FGDs were conducted with purposively selected participants. Data were analysed using computer assisted software called OpenCode version 4.2.
Results: The findings revealed five themes namely, issues of referral and linkage practice, ensuring linkage through communication, issues of health care, issues of health care system and issues of partnerships and Health Bureau. Many gaps that affected the referral system were identified and in phase II, nine strategies were developed to strengthen the referral and linkage system.
Conclusion:The results of this study highlighted weaknesses in the referral and linkage system of the HIV positive clients from counselling and testing services to chronic care and proposed strategies to strengthen those weaknesses. Measures to operationalise those strategies are also proposed. The successful implementation of the proposed strategies depends on the support of the ministry of health and regional bureau in terms of resources and the readiness of the health care providers to adhere to the proposed measures. Intervention research is needed to test the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
43
Ekeji, Immaculata Nwogo. "An investigation into the stigmatization of HIV-positive clients at clinics in the Leribe district." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3683.
Full textAbstract:
A quantitative approach was used to investigate the stigmatization of HIV positive
clients in the Leribe District of Lesotho. The study population included 5200 HIV positive
patients who enrolled for ARV in government clinics. A randomly selected sample of
520 clients responded through a questionnaire and interviews. The statistical package
(STATA version 9) was used to analyze data. The objectives of the study were to
explore the type and level of stigmatization of HIV-positive clients and to describe ways
in which health workers in the PHC can reduce the stigmatization of HIV-positive clients
at the clinics. The findings revealed that types of stigmatization included separation,
isolation, labeling and discrimination. Ways to reduce the stigma within a community
based primary health care facility included educating people living with HIV on how to
protect themselves from multiple infection, providing effective counselling to clients and
families maintaining confidentiality, and using change strategies to change attitudes of
health care providers. The integration of HIV-related activities is a strong
recommendation and the importance of the consistent availability of ARV treatment was
emphasized.Public Health
M.A. (Public Health)
44
Mamosadi, Tseke. "Social support for male prisoners who are living with HIV at Pretoria Central Prison." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4915.
Full textAbstract:
A qualitative study aimed at exploring the nature and extent of the perceived social support available to male prisoners living with HIV at Pretoria Central Prison was conducted. A literature investigation into the life and world of male prisoners, with a focus on the nature and extent of the perceived social support provided to prisoners living with HIV, is presented. Fifteen (15) prisoners were identified by means of non-probability purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted to collect information on how male prisoners living with HIV at Pretoria Central Prison viewed the nature and extent of the social support available to them. The study shows that the research participants living with HIV tended to receive social support from practitioners and other prisoners trained as voluntary caregivers. The study recommends that prisoners living with HIV should have greater access to social support from their significant others.Social Work
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
45
Moswane, Perpetoa Constance Ngokwana. "The role of churches in HIV prevention among young adults in Polokwane Municipality, Limpopo Province." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/9267.
Full textAbstract:
The study investigated the role of churches in HIV prevention among young adults in the Polokwane Municipality of the Limpopo Province. Qualitative research method was followed. Data was obtained and tape-recorded during the in-depth face-to-face interviews. Fourteen churches are affiliated with the Limpopo South African Council of Churches, seven of which run HIV/AIDS programmes and services. They were the target of this study, which investigated how churches could give more support to people infected with HIV.
Results show that churches are determined to assist in the prevention of HIV. They have already contributed to supporting those with HIV and those affected by HIV and AIDS. The findingsSociology
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
46
Hendricks, Mimona. "The satisfaction of HIV/AIDS counsellors in the eThekwini metropolitan area with regard to their counsellor training." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1874.
Full textAbstract:
Twenty four eThekwini HIV/AIDS counsellors based in four different work settings and who received training from five different training providers, shared their HIV/AIDS counsellor training experiences. The qualitative, phenomenological study utilized a multi-methods approach. The purpose of HIV/AIDS counselling lacks uniformity. Participants reflected upon their distinction between training satisfaction and perceived competency to render HIV/AIDS counselling after training. Although they were satisfied and empowered by the useful information gained, many felt inadequate to counsel an HIV positive person on completion of training. Inadequate practical learning opportunities were evident. Participants identified the need for a more balanced theoretical and practical training program incorporating experiential and didactic training methods. Entrance criteria to HIV/AIDS counsellor training courses and eventual assessment procedures in the study were diverse. Participants suggested improvements for training methods and course content and proposed a tiered training model that will result in standardized and certified training modules.Social Work
MA(SS) (Social Work)
47
Alemayehu, Zelalem Mehari. "Development of HIV Testing Belief Scale (HTBS) and application of Health Belief Model (HBM) to predict HIV testing intention and behaviour among university students in Ethiopia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20236.
Full textAbstract:
Appendix B (leaves 217-218), Appendix M (leaves 239-247) and Appendix O (leaves 253-259) in English and AmharicThe purpose of this research was to develop HIV testing Health Belief Scale (HTBS) that contains the constructs of Health Belief Model (HBM), and also to analyse HIV testing intention and behaviour among university students. The mixed method approach was used in phases. First, Literature review and in-depth interviews were conducted to develop item pool for HTBS, which was followed by content validity assessment by experts. In the second phase, a pilot survey was conducted on randomly selected 318 university students to refine the HTBS using item analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Lastly, cross-sectional survey was conducted on representative sample of 612 students in order to further refine the HTBS using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and also analyse predictors of HIV testing intention and behaviour. A total of 61 items was written for the HTBS and 23 of these were generated from the in-depth interviews. Content validity assessment by three experts indicated that the average content validity index (CVI) for the 61 items was 91.2% which was more than the recommended cut off point of 90%. The HTBS, after experts review, contained 64 items. EFA indicated that a five factor model which was roughly consistent with HBM was identified and 44 items were retained based on factor loading and reliability analysis. The Cronbach’s alpha for all the six constructs of HBM and HIV testing intention in the HTBS were >0,70. (susceptibility, benefit, self-efficacy and HIV testing intention) fitted the sample data based on chi-square test. However, all the seven constructs demonstrated RMSEA value of less than 0.08 and GFI value of >0.90 indicating acceptable fit. The final HTBS was reduced to 39 items based on factor loading and reliability assessment. All the constructs demonstrated a Cronbach’s alpha value >0.70 except for perceived susceptibility and cues to action. Analysis of multiple linear regression indicated that class year, perceived benefit, perceived self-efficacy and cues to action were significant predictors of HIV testing intention. However, only marital status and cues to action were significant predictors of recent history of HIV testing through analysis of binary logistic regression.
Health Studies
D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Still, Linda Joy. "HIV exceptionalism and the South African HIV and AIDS epidemic: perspectives of health care workers in Pietermaritzburg." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1375.
Full textAbstract:
The limited success of HIV-testing facilities in South Africa means that many
people are not accessing necessary antiretroviral treatment services. This
study investigates the practical implications of HIV exceptionalism inherent in
Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT). A semi-structured interview
schedule was used to survey participants for their perspectives on barriers to
HIV-testing uptake as well as the effects of exceptionalist practices at VCT
clinics. Responses showed marked perceptions of gender differences in
people's willingness to test and several important barriers including problems
of access to services. Significantly, exceptionalism displayed in certain clinic
procedures was thought to contribute to stigma, and attempts to normalise
HIV practice in order to combat the effects of stigma were being informally
implemented. Participants' views on routine opt-out testing were explored.
The researcher recommended further investigation on how HIV testing and
treatment policies can be normalised so as to reduce stigma and increase
testing uptake.Social Work
M.A. Sociology (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
49
Skhosana, Thabang Johannes. "A pentecostal response to the challenges of HIV/AIDS in Tumahole." Diss., 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16052.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is a challenge to the Pentecostal churches, particularly, the Apostolic Faith Mission Church in Tumahole, to take an action in meeting the challenges posed by HIV/AIDS. This disease, HIV/AIDS, is the latest enemy to human life that the nations are faced with. In the newspapers like Sowetan, there is an article almost daily about HIV and AIDS. In this dissertation, I have tried to show shocking figures of how this disease is spreading in Africa. The seriousness of the disease, unlike other diseases, is its in curability. The secular organisations are far ahead of the churches in as far as the relevant programmes on
combating HIV/AIDS are concerned. Despite these massive programmes, the disease is spreading like the wild fire. Deducing from this background, it is no longer the question of whether the Pentecostal churches have any role to play, but what specific role should the
church play in this challenge. In this challenging times, many people look at the church as one of the most important institute that would play a positive role in bringing hope to the hopeless.Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology
M. Th. (Missiology (Urban Ministry))
50
Ntshakala, Theresa Thembi. "Quality of life of people living with HIV and AIDS in Swaziland who are on antiretroviral therapy." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8873.
Full textAbstract:
This study was done to assess the quality of life (QOL) of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in Swaziland who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART). No study has been done on QOL of PLWHA in Swaziland who are on ART since it started to be administered in Swaziland in 2001.
A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design was used to assess QOL of PLWHA in Swaziland who are on ART. Twenty-four PLWHA were purposely selected to participate in the study. Methods of data collection used were semi-structured individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. The data (tape-recorded interviews and discussions, and field notes) were transcribed verbatim for data analysis. Data analysed was done using Tesch’s framework of data analysis as described in Creswell (2002:256-283).
The research findings are reflected, with the six domains of QOL identified through a literature review and validated by nurses’ expertise. These domains are the physiological, psychological, spiritual, socio-economic, cognitive, and environmental domains.The study revealed that PLWHA in Swaziland are faced with many challenges concerning ART, namely: inability to meet their nutrition needs, non-adherence to
ART, experience of disfiguring side effects of ARVs, inconsistent condom use, experience of stigma and discrimination, depression, difficulty in accepting and coping with ARVs, lowered self-esteem, a negative influence of some religions on ART, a lack of financial support, poor support systems, poor understanding of ARVs, negative thoughts about HIV and AIDS and ART, an unsatisfactory health care delivery system, a negative influence of culture on ART, and violation of the rights of PLWHA. These challenges negatively influence the QOL of PLWHA and hence the study concluded that PLWHA in Swaziland who are on ART have a poor QOL.
Conclusions drawn from the data analysis reveal that PLWHA in Swaziland are powerless to deal with the above challenges and improve their QOL. The researcher, therefore, developed guidelines to empower PLWHA to deal with these challenges and adhere to ART, thus improving their QOL. Recommendations were made with regard to nursing practice, nursing education, and further nursing research.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)