Academic literature on the topic 'HIV-positive persons Dental care'

While there is no doubt that the best way to tackle the problem of dental caries is through an effective programme of prevention, as outlined in previous chapters, it is unfortunate that many children still suffer from the disease and its consequences. Hence, there is a need to consider operative treatment to prevent the breakdown of the dentition. As discussed in earlier chapters, there are a number of different techniques and philosophies for treating dental caries. This chapter will concentrate mainly on the methods of complete caries removal (a ‘surgical’ approach). Research to support different philosophies, techniques, and materials frequently lacks evidence from randomized controlled trials, which are considered as the gold standard. Consequently, lower levels of evidence are used to support different techniques. More importantly, dentists need to be skilled in different techniques and philosophies to ensure that appropriate care is provided to each and every child. The removal of caries is not a new concept for the treatment of dental decay. Over the years the treatment of dental caries in children has been discussed and many attempts have been made to rationalize the management of the disease. Writing more than 150 years ago, Harris (1839) was one of the first to address the problem of restoring the primary dentition. Even in those days he was emphasizing the importance of prevention by good toothbrushing. Caries could be arrested by ‘plugging’, but from his description he obviously found treatment for the young patient difficult and not as successful as for adults. However, he did emphasize the importance of looking after children’s teeth: ‘If parents and guardians would pay more attention to the teeth of their children, the services of the dentist would much less frequently be required’, and ‘Many persons suppose that the teeth, in the early periods of childhood, require no attention, and thus are guilty of the most culpable neglect of the future well-being of those entrusted to their care’. Unfortunately, this statement still applies today. Caries removal can be a stressful experience for the child, the parent, and the dentist. Therefore it is important that there is a positive health gain from any treatment that is provided.

Dental pathology is represented by a wide range of diseases of hard and soft tissues of these organs, various types of injuries, anomalies of shape, number, location, periodontitis. Inflammatory periodontal diseases are one of the most common human diseases, which lead to significant socio-economic losses and reduced quality of life. At the beginning of the XXI century, prevention and treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases remains an urgent problem of medicine. The high frequency of periodontal lesions is largely due to the peculiarities of its structure and function, general human health, the constant influence of microorganisms, among which the dominant role is played by opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria. The microflora in inflammatory periodontal diseases differs from the microflora of the oral cavity of a healthy person by the presence of peculiar symbiotic associations with a specific dominant species of the pathogen. The main element of the modern protocol of medical care for periodontal disease is the systemic or local use of antimicrobials. Modern antibiotics and chemotherapeutics used in dental practice for the treatment of CPD, totally affect all parts of the biocenosis of the oral cavity and lead to its undesirable changes. In addition, even a short-term positive effect of the use of these drugs can be combined with a selective increase in the resistance of pathogens to antibacterial drugs, which generally reduces the expected effectiveness of traditional therapy. Inflammatory periodontal diseases, prospects of their treatment by classical methods and with the use of modern medical technologies were studied in the work. For the objectification of the study used archival materials and their own work over the past 15 years. The purpose of the study: to identify promising areas of integrated use of traditional and innovative treatments for inflammatory periodontal disease. The subject of the study was to clarify the issues of antibacterial, antifungal activity of hop products, the rate of formation of resistance in microorganisms, the adequacy of physical, physicochemical properties of gel compositions. Particular attention was paid to the use of antibacterial properties of gel compositions based on hop products. It is established that the use of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in modern medical practice for the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases has a number of significant limitations due to the short duration of their therapeutic effect, negative impact on human microbiocenosis and the formation of acquired resistance of pathogenic microflora to widely used drugs. The results of previous studies have demonstrated the prospects of herbal medicines, namely, created on the basis of hop products for the prevention and treatment of diseases of microbial origin. It was found that the antibacterial and antifungal action of gel preparations of optimal composition with EHV 0.5% significantly exceeds the specified indicators of such known and currently used drugs. Therefore, it is clear the scientific and practical meaning of the use in protocols for the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases (as drugs for local therapy) phytomedicine based on hop herbal substance. Thus, a clear prospect of using new compositions of drugs with high antibacterial properties based on plant raw materials (including hops) for the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease. Solving this problem is a timely and socially appropriate fact.