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Journal articles on the topic 'HIV-positive women'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Stein, Michael D., Brian Leibman, Tom J. Wachtel, Charles C. J. Carpenter, Alvan Fisher, Linda Durand, Patricia S. O’Sullivan, and Kenneth H. Mayer. "HIV-positive women." Journal of General Internal Medicine 6, no. 4 (July 1991): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02597422.

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2

Montgomery, Kristen S. "Nutrition and HIV-Positive Pregnancy." Journal of Perinatal Education 12, no. 1 (March 2003): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.12.1.42.

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When an HIV-positive woman becomes pregnant, additional nutritional considerations are warranted. Compared to routine prenatal nutritional assessment and intervention, pregnant HIV-positive women have increased needs to promote a healthy outcome. This column contains information on HIV and pregnancy, nutrition and infection, and nutrition for HIV-positive pregnancy. This content can be integrated into childbirth education settings to improve care to women who are HIV-positive.

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3

Penchyna Nieto, Maria Regina. "HIV positive pregnancy and nutrition." International Journal of Family & Community Medicine 7, no. 3 (May 16, 2023): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijfcm.2023.07.00315.

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Background: If an HIV-positive woman becomes pregnant, certain complementary nutritional considerations must be justified, since pregnant women with HIV have greater needs to promote a healthy outcome. This review aims to provide information on HIV and pregnancy, nutrition, and infection, and how care and environment can be improved for these HIV positive women. Results: The search yielded a total of 120 articles, of which 102 were excluded by title, abstract, or year of publication. In total, as a result of this search, 20 articles were included, which met at least one of the criteria. Based on the results of the study, these show a great diversity in the changes and recommendations for pregnant women who show the pathology.

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4

Slater, Mackenzie, Elizabeth M. Stringer, and Jeffrey S. A. Stringer. "Breastfeeding in HIV-Positive Women." Pediatric Drugs 12, no. 1 (February 2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11316130-000000000-00000.

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5

Sandelowski, Margarete, Camille Lambe, and Julie Barroso. "Stigma in HIV‐Positive Women." Journal of Nursing Scholarship 36, no. 2 (May 20, 2004): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2004.04024.x.

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6

Wagner, Anne C., Trevor A. Hart, Saira Mohammed, Elena Ivanova, Joanna Wong, and Mona R. Loutfy. "Correlates of HIV stigma in HIV-positive women." Archives of Women's Mental Health 13, no. 3 (April 7, 2010): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00737-010-0158-2.

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7

Chernova, A., M. Maksimova, and E. Gadzhiumarova. "PREGNANCY MANAGEMENT IN HIV-POSITIVE WOMEN." Clinical Medicine and Pharmacology 8, no. 2 (September 7, 2022): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2409-3750-2022-8-2-24-25.

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The article describes the management of HIV-positive pregnant women. It was shown that pregnancy complications in these women were observed more often in the second trimester of pregnancy. At the same time, the incidence of gestosis, anemia and chronic placental insufficiency decreases against the background of specific antiviral therapy.

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8

Gemmill, A., S. E. K. Bradley, and S. van der Poel. "Reduced fecundity in HIV-positive women." Human Reproduction 33, no. 6 (March 22, 2018): 1158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dey065.

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9

Heard, Isabelle, Val??rie Potard, Dominique Costagliola, and Michel D. Kazatchkine. "Contraceptive Use in HIV-Positive Women." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 36, no. 2 (June 2004): 714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126334-200406010-00008.

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10

Mitchell, H. S. "Contraception choice for HIV positive women." Sexually Transmitted Infections 80, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.2003.008441.

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11

MCNAMARA, DAMIAN. "Papillomavirus Common in HIV-Positive Women." Internal Medicine News 40, no. 14 (July 2007): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(07)70882-x.

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12

Cook, R. J., and B. M. Dickens. "Human rights and HIV-positive women." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 77, no. 1 (February 19, 2002): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(02)00012-7.

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13

Bedimo, Ariane Lisann, Ruth Bessinger, and Patricia Kissinger. "Reproductive choices among HIV-positive women." Social Science & Medicine 46, no. 2 (January 1998): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00157-3.

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14

Barroso, Julie, and Margarete Sandelowski. "Substance Abuse in HIV-Positive Women." Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS care 15, no. 5 (September 2004): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055329004269086.

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15

Quinn, Sheila M., and Courtney M. Schreiber. "IUD use in HIV-positive women." Contraception 83, no. 2 (February 2011): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2010.05.011.

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16

O'Connell, Casey, and Alexandra M. Levine. "Managing Anemia in HIV-Positive Women." Women's Health 2, no. 1 (January 2006): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17455057.2.1.159.

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17

Semprini, Augusto Enrico, Lital Hannah Hollander, Alessandra Vucetich, and Carole Gilling-Smith. "Infertility Treatment for HIV-Positive Women." Women's Health 4, no. 4 (July 2008): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17455057.4.4.369.

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18

Vonau, Barbara, and Fiona Boag. "HIV-positive women and cervical screening." International Journal of STD & AIDS 11, no. 12 (December 2000): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462001915192.

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19

Șerbănescu, Alina, Romina-Marina Sima, and Liana Pleș. "Substances abuse in HIV positive pregnant women." Infectio.ro 56 (4), no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/inf.56.4.2018.2192.

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Substances abuse and HIV infection are major health issues globally, with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. But what are the consequences of the association between the two, especially in a pregnant woman? Substance abuse in a pregnant HIV positive woman, regardless of the substance used (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, opioids etc.) is at greater risk of HIV maternal-fetal transmission, as well as obstetric, neonatologic and pediatric complications, such as miscarriage, abruptio placentae, premature birth, eclampsia, fetal alcohol syndrome, stillbirth, sudden infant death syndrome and neurological deficits. For these reasons cessation of substance abuse is mandatory before planning a pregnancy, especially for HIV infected women. This can be achieved through counselling, guidance towards rehab facilities and prenatal screening programs, often with optimistic results, as pregnancy is the time with the highest success rate regarding substance abuse cessation than any other time in a woman’s life.

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20

Geidam, A. D., A. Usman, and D. Goje. "revalence and factors associated with cesarean section in HIV-positive patients in a university teaching hospital – A case-control study." Rwanda Medical Journal 80, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i1.3.

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INTRODUCTION: Cesarean section (CS), although a relatively safe procedure, is associated with more risks than vaginal delivery, regardless of HIV status. Complications following CS are greater in HIV-positive women than in HIV-negative women. This study’s objective was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with CS in HIV-positive patients in our environment.METHODS: A case-control study of factors associated with and outcomes of CS over 13 years was conducted in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women at UMTH. Multinomial regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with CS in HIV-positive women. Stratified analysis was used to determine factors associated with the development of complications following CS in HIV-positive women. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of CS in HIV-positive women was 3.02%, with PMTCT 51.5% (53/103) as the major indication. Compared to the control, the HIV-positive women were more likely to have pre-operative anemia (P= 0.001) and their CS to be undertaken electively (P<0.001), under general anesthesia (P<0.001), to last more than 60 minutes (P=0.002) and develop a postoperative complication (77.8% vs. 22.2%). Pre-operative anemia and preterm delivery were found to be associated with the development of a complication.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cesarean section in HIV-positive patients is low in our environment. CS is also more likely to be performed electively for over 60 minutes under general anesthesia on a nulliparous woman with no formal education and pre-operative anemia.

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21

Russomano, Fábio, Aldo Reis, Maria José Camargo, Beatriz Grinsztejn, and Maria Aparecida Tristão. "Recurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 in HIV-infected women treated by large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ)." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 126, no. 1 (January 2008): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802008000100004.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Women infected by HIV are more likely to have cervical cancer and its precursors. Treatment of the precursor lesions can prevent this neoplasia. The aim of this study was to assess the likelihood of recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 (CIN 2-3) in HIV-infected women, compared with HIV-negative women, all treated by large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). DESIGN AND SETTING: A cohort study in Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IFF-Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro. METHOD: 55 HIV-positive and 212 HIV-negative women were followed up after LLETZ for CIN 2-3 (range: 6-133 months). RESULTS: The incidence of recurrent CIN 2-3 was 30.06/10,000 woman-months in the HIV-positive group and 4.88/10,000 woman-months in the HIV-negative group (relative risk, RR = 6.16; 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.07-18.34). The likelihood of recurrence reached 26% at the 62nd month of follow-up among the HIV-positive women, and remained stable at almost 0.6% at the 93rd month of follow-up among the HIV-negative women. We were unable to demonstrate other prognostic factors relating to CIN recurrence, but the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may decrease the risk of this occurrence among HIV patients. CONCLUSION: After LLETZ there is a higher risk of recurrence of CIN 2-3 among HIV-positive women than among HIV-negative women. This higher risk was not influenced by margin status or grade of cervical disease treated. The use of HAART may decrease the risk of this occurrence in HIV patients.

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22

Galaviz, Karla I., Michael F. Schneider, Phyllis C. Tien, C. Christina Mehta, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Jonathan Colasanti, Vincent C. Marconi, et al. "Predicting diabetes risk among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women." AIDS 32, no. 18 (November 2018): 2767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000002017.

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23

Sherr, Lorraine, J. Barnes, and Margaret A. Johnson. "HIV interventions in pregnancy: the views of HIV positive women." Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 7, no. 5 (2000): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0879(200011)7:5<385::aid-cpp271>3.0.co;2-5.

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24

Siegel, Karolynn, Vicki L. Gluhoski, and Daniel Karus. "Coping and Mood in HIV-Positive Women." Psychological Reports 81, no. 2 (October 1997): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.2.435.

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To date, little empirical research on the association of coping style with mood in HIV-positive women has been carried out. The extant literature on HIV-positive men suggests that active coping is related to diminished distress while avoidant coping is associated with elevated distress. Previous research with HIV-positive women has not consistently confirmed these relationships. To add to this literature, scores from a sample of 145 HIV-positive women who completed the Ways of Coping Questionnaire and the Mental Health Inventory were analyzed. Correlations indicated that an escape-avoidance strategy was associated with more negative emotions. Other strategies related to negative emotions included accepting responsibility and a self-controlling approach. These findings are consistent with those previously reported for HIV-positive men, suggesting that similar kinds of coping strategies may be associated with positive and negative moods among HIV-positive men and women.

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25

Constantatos, Sonia Nicola, Alison H. Boutall, and Chantal J. Stewart. "Recommendations for amniocentesis in HIV-positive women." South African Medical Journal 104, no. 12 (October 31, 2014): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.8660.

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26

Awolude, Olutosin A., Olubukola A. Adesina, Adesina Oladokun, W. B. Mutiu, and Isaac F. Adewole. "Asymptomatic bacteriuria among HIV positive pregnant women." Virulence 1, no. 3 (May 2010): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/viru.1.3.11384.

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27

Davis, Linda. "Gynecological Care Manual For HIV Positive Women." Nurse Practitioner 19, no. 2 (February 1994): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-199402000-00014.

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28

Intaraprasert, Suwachai, Surasak Taneepanichskul, and Kamheang Chaturachinda. "Laparoscopic sterilization in HIV-1-positive women." Contraception 54, no. 5 (November 1996): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-7824(96)00184-9.

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29

FINN, ROBERT. "Follow CIN Closely in HIV-Positive Women." Ob.Gyn. News 40, no. 4 (February 2005): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7437(05)70906-x.

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30

Sweet, Richard L., and Daniel V. Landers. "Pelvic inflammatory disease in HIV-positive women." Lancet 349, no. 9061 (May 1997): 1265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)62501-9.

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31

Denny, L. "I78 Cervical pathology in HIV positive women." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107 (October 2009): S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(09)60078-3.

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32

Gaffing, Samantha, and Nadi Gupta. "Cervical cancer screening in HIV positive women." European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 42, no. 11 (November 2016): S236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2016.07.080.

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33

MECHCATIE, ELIZABETH. "Vulvar Diseases Common in HIV-Positive Women." Skin & Allergy News 36, no. 9 (September 2005): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(05)70658-6.

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34

Badell, M., E. Lathrop, P. Goedken, S. Nash, M. Nguyen, and C. Cwiak. "Reproductive healthcare needs of HIV-positive women." Contraception 82, no. 2 (August 2010): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2010.04.134.

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35

SIEGEL, KAROLYNN. "COPING AND MOOD IN HIV-POSITIVE WOMEN." Psychological Reports 81, no. 6 (1997): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.81.6.435-442.

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36

Barber, T. J., K. M. Coyne, F. Hawkins, and N. Desmond. "One-stop care for HIV-positive women." International Journal of STD & AIDS 20, no. 1 (January 2009): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008366.

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37

Hameed, Meera, Helen Fernandes, Joan Skurnick, Dorothy Moore, Patricia Kloser, and Debra Heller. "Human Papillomavirus Typing in HIV-Positive Women." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 2 (2001): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1064744901000163.

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38

Faro, Sebastian. "Human Papillomavirus Typing in HIV-Positive Women." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 2 (2001): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1064744901000229.

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39

Suryanti, Putu Emy, Komang Ayu Kartika Sari, Pande Putu Januraga, and Dinar Lubis. "Why do HIV-positive pregnant women discontinue with comprehensive PMTCT services? A qualitative study." Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/phpma.v6i1.13.

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AbstractBackground and purpose: Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) is a government program aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. A comprehensive PMTCT program involves the implementation of HIV testing up to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for mothers with positive HIV test results. Coverage of comprehensive PMTCT remains low, with many HIV-positive pregnant women who discontinued ARV treatment. This study aims to explore the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women to discontinue with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in Badung District, Bali Province, with seven respondents: one HIV-positive pregnant woman who did not continue the ARV treatment, two HIV-positive women who gave birth the previous year and did not take ARV, three public health centre (PHC) providers, and one head of PHC. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically. The results presented narratively to illustrate the reasons why HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Results: The emerging themes related to the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program included the lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, the lack of health provider assistance, and the high stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV). These barriers were affecting the willingness of HIV-positive pregnant women to continue with the program.Conclusions: Lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, lack of assistance by health care providers, and high public stigma impacts upon HIV-positive pregnant women’s willingness to continue with comprehensive PMTCT program. There is a need for a minimum service standard in the implementation of comprehensive PMTCT services and comprehensive information on HIV infection in order to reduce the stigma towards PLHIV.

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40

Suryanti, Putu Emy, Komang Ayu Kartika Sari, Pande Putu Januraga, and Dinar Lubis. "Why do HIV-positive pregnant women discontinue with comprehensive PMTCT services? A qualitative study." Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Journal 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/pphma.v6i1.13.

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AbstractBackground and purpose: Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) is a government program aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. A comprehensive PMTCT program involves the implementation of HIV testing up to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for mothers with positive HIV test results. Coverage of comprehensive PMTCT remains low, with many HIV-positive pregnant women who discontinued ARV treatment. This study aims to explore the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women to discontinue with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in Badung District, Bali Province, with seven respondents: one HIV-positive pregnant woman who did not continue the ARV treatment, two HIV-positive women who gave birth the previous year and did not take ARV, three public health centre (PHC) providers, and one head of PHC. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically. The results presented narratively to illustrate the reasons why HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Results: The emerging themes related to the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program included the lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, the lack of health provider assistance, and the high stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV). These barriers were affecting the willingness of HIV-positive pregnant women to continue with the program.Conclusions: Lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, lack of assistance by health care providers, and high public stigma impacts upon HIV-positive pregnant women’s willingness to continue with comprehensive PMTCT program. There is a need for a minimum service standard in the implementation of comprehensive PMTCT services and comprehensive information on HIV infection in order to reduce the stigma towards PLHIV.

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41

Suryanti, Putu Emy, and I. Wayan Nerta. "Alasan Ibu Hamil HIV Positif Tidak Melanjutkan Perawatan PPIA Komprehensif dalam Aspek Layanan Kesehatan." JURNAL YOGA DAN KESEHATAN 3, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jyk.v3i1.1505.

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<p><em>Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT)is a government program aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.One of the comprehensive PMTCT program is HIV testing for all pregnant women and advanced therapy for all pregnant women whose test results are positive.The Government's target is 100% of HIV-positive pregnant women must be continuing the comprehensive PMTCT program, meanwhile there are HIV-positive pregnant women who discontinue the comprehensive PMTCT program.This study aims to explore the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women to discontinue with the comprehensive PMTCT program. This study was a qualitative study through in-depth interviews with seven informants, namely : one HIV-positive pregnant woman whodiscontinue comprehensive PMTCT program, two HIV-positive women who gave birth the previous yearwhodiscontinue comprehensive PMTCT program, three public health centre (PHC) providers, and one head of PHC. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted thematically and the results were presented narratively to explore the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women to discontinue with the comprehensive PMTCT program. Health care aspects of service readiness include the availability of PMTCT facilities and infrastructure, communication and attitudes of health providers in PMTCT program, waiting times for PMTCT program delivery, and assistance in PMTCT comprehensive program. Health care aspects of service readiness that are less than optimal can affect the understanding and desire of HIV-positive pregnant women to access comprehensive PMTCT program so that HIV-positive pregnant women discontinue comprehensive PMTCT program.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em><br /></em></strong></p>

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42

Manski, Ruth, Amanda Dennis, Kelly Blanchard, Naomi Lince, and Dan Grossman. "Bolstering the Evidence Base for Integrating Abortion and HIV Care: A Literature Review." AIDS Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/802389.

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HIV-positive women have abortions at similar rates to their HIV-negative counterparts, yet little is known about clinical outcomes of abortion for HIV-positive women or the best practices for abortion provision. To fill that gap, we conducted a literature review of clinical outcomes of surgical and medication abortion among HIV-positive women. We identified three studies on clinical outcomes of surgical abortion among HIV-positive women; none showed significant differences in infectious complications by HIV status. A review of seven articles on similar gynecological procedures found no differences in complications by HIV status. No studies evaluated medication abortion among HIV-positive women. However, we did find that previously expressed concerns regarding blood loss and vomiting related to medication abortion for HIV-positive women are unwarranted based on our review of data showing that significant blood loss and vomiting are rare and short lived among women. We conclude that although there is limited research that addresses clinical outcomes of abortion for HIV-positive women, existing data suggest that medication and surgical abortion are safe and appropriate. Sexual and reproductive health and HIV integration efforts must include both options to prevent maternal mortality and morbidity and to ensure that HIV-positive women and women at risk of HIV can make informed reproductive decisions.

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43

Maru, Isaac, Rose Olayo, and Mary Kipmerewo. "Socio-Cultural and Societal Demands Influencing Pregnancy among HIV Positive Women in Kakamega County, Kenya." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, no. 6 (November 16, 2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.6.1097.

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Globally, the number of women living with HIV who desire pregnancy has been increasing and little is known as what motivates them, with test and treat women accessing ART desiring pregnancy will increase. Kakamega County has been leading in the region on women living with HIV accessing antenatal services. Past literature in the subject matter failed to look at socio-cultural and societal factors influencing pregnancy among HIV positive women in Kakamega County, Kenya; a gap that informed this study. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed. The target population were women aged 18-49 years receiving their family planning services in sub-county hospitals in Kakamega County. Key informants were made up of health care workers at comprehensive care clinics. Purposive sampling was used to select 4 sub-county hospitals, systematic random sampling to select 319 known HIV positive women and 4 focus group discussions. Questionnaires focused on group discussions and key informant interviews were used to collect data. Data collected were entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0. Descriptive results were presented in proportionate tables. The results showed that age, education, employment status and parity influenced the desire for pregnancy among HIV positive women in Kakamega County. Society influenced the number of children a woman should have. The community held a negative perception of childless women, especially HIV positive women; the community members did not attach value and pride over the childless HIV positive women. The socio-cultural and societal demand on HIV positive women influenced pregnancy; however, there decreasing association, which meant that the society was 71% less likely to influence the number of children; the spouse was 63% less likely to influence pregnancy. In conclusion, age, education level, marital status parity and employment status, medical cover influenced pregnancy among the known HIV positive women in Kakamega County. Socio-cultural and societal demands were predictors of pregnancy among known HIV positive women in Kakamega County. The community should treat HIV positive women with respect and dignity, thus permitting them to continue their family legacy and sire children. It recommends that there is a need for the county government, department of health services to provide health education to the community on stigma reduction and discrimination meted on these women and negative perception of childlessness women in the society especially known HIV positive women. Further works on the myths and misconception that barrenness is blamed on women leaving men scot-free for the cloud to be the culprits of childlessness in the family.

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44

Monticelli, Marisa, Evanguelia Kotzias Atherino dos Santos, and Alacoque Lorenzini Erdmann. "Being an HIV-positive mother: meanings for HIV-positive women and for professional nursing staff." Acta Paulista de Enfermagem 20, no. 3 (September 2007): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-21002007000300008.

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OBJECTIVES: To comprehend the meanings of being an HIV-positive mother for HIV-positive women and for professional nursing staff of shared in-patient maternity wards, and to identify similarities and contrasts present in these meanings. METHODS: This was a descriptive and comparative secondary analysis study of data from two previous larger studies conducted in Public Hospitals of the Greater Florianopolis Area, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data was collected through observation and interviews. RESULTS: For HIV-positive women the main meaning of being an HIV-positive mother was being a "super-mom" while for professional nursing staff the meaning was being "resistant." The meaning of being super-mom focuses on the motherhood role, which may be incompatible with the condition of carrier of the HIV virus. The meaning of being resistant does not fit with the experience of being mother. CONCLUSION: The meanings attributed by HIV-positive women, compared to those attributed by professional nursing staff, suggest prejudice, social stigma, and symbolic vulnerability.

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Suryanti, Putu Emy, Komang Ayu Kartika Sari, Pande Putu Januraga, and Dinar Lubis. "Why do HIV-positive pregnant women discontinue with comprehensive PMTCT services? A qualitative study." Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2018.v6.i1.p13.

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Background and purpose: Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) is a government program aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. A comprehensive PMTCT program involves the implementation of HIV testing up to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for mothers with positive HIV test results. Coverage of comprehensive PMTCT remains low, with many HIV-positive pregnant women who discontinued ARV treatment. This study aims to explore the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women to discontinue with the comprehensive PMTCT program. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in Badung District, Bali Province, with seven respondents: one HIV-positive pregnant woman who did not continue the ARV treatment, two HIV-positive women who gave birth the previous year and did not take ARV, three public health centre (PHC) providers, and one head of PHC. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically. The results presented narratively to illustrate the reasons why HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program. Results: The emerging themes related to the reasons of HIVpositive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program included the lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, the lack of health provider assistance, and the high stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV). These barriers were affecting the willingness of HIV-positive pregnant women to continue with the program. Conclusions: Lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, lack of assistance by health care providers, and high public stigma impacts upon HIV-positive pregnant women’s willingness to continue with comprehensive PMTCT program. There is a need for a minimum service standard in the implementation of comprehensive PMTCT services and comprehensive information on HIV infection in order to reduce the stigma towards PLHIV.

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Montgomery, Kristen S. "Childbirth Education for the HIV-Positive Woman." Journal of Perinatal Education 12, no. 4 (September 1, 2003): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.12.4.16.

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Pregnant HIV-positive women have unique education needs during the perinatal period. HIV-positive women need information regarding the differences in recommended care they can expect to experience both for themselves and their newborn. Differences in recommended care are related to minimizing transmission of the HIV virus. This article discusses the unique educational content needs of HIV-positive pregnant women. Providing women with appropriate information about what their labor and delivery experiences will entail can help them make decisions and promote a positive birth experience.

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Chaisavaneeyakorn, Sujittra, Julie M. Moore, Lisa Mirel, Caroline Othoro, Juliana Otieno, Sansanee C. Chaiyaroj, Ya Ping Shi, Bernard L. Nahlen, Altaf A. Lal, and Venkatachalam Udhayakumar. "Levels of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1α (MIP-1α) and MIP-1β in Intervillous Blood Plasma Samples from Women with Placental Malaria and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, no. 4 (July 2003): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.4.631-636.2003.

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ABSTRACT Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and MIP-1β play an important role in modulating immune responses. To understand their importance in immunity to placental malaria (PM) and in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-PM coinfection, we investigated levels of these chemokines in the placental intervillous blood plasma (IVB plasma) and cord blood plasma of HIV-negative PM-negative, HIV-negative PM-positive, HIV-positive PM-negative, and HIV-positive PM-positive women. Compared to HIV-negative PM-negative women, the MIP-1β concentration in IVB plasma was significantly elevated in HIV-negative PM-positive women and HIV-positive PM-positive women, but it was unaltered in HIV-positive PM-negative women. Also, PM-infected women, irrespective of their HIV status, had significantly higher levels of MIP-1β than HIV-positive PM-negative women. The MIP-1α level was not altered in association with either infection. The IVB plasma levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β positively correlated with the cord blood plasma levels of these chemokines. As with IVB plasma, only cord plasma from PM-infected mothers had significantly elevated levels of MIP-1β compared to PM-negative mothers, irrespective of their HIV infection status. MIP-1β and MIP-1α levels in PM-positive women were positively associated with parasite density and malaria pigment levels. Regardless of HIV serostatus, the IVB MIP-1β level was significantly lower in women with PM-associated anemia. In summary, an elevated level of MIP-1β was associated with PM. HIV infection did not significantly alter these two chemokine levels in IVB plasma.

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Putri, Anggie Pradana, Adi Irawan AM, and Marlene R. Padua. "Penerimaan diri wanita hamil dengan HIV positif." Riset Informasi Kesehatan 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30644/rik.v10i1.425.

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Background : Being HIV positive, someone will face psychological pressure such as depression, anxiety and other negative ones. Pregnant women with HIV positive face two challenges, to keep her pregnancy and struggle to fight with HIV. Self-acceptance of those two dimensions gives high challenges for pregnant women who are HIV positive. The aim of the study is to understand deeper and describe about the self-acceptance of pregnant women with HIV positive Method : This study used qualitative research method with phenomenology approach. The participants are the pregnant women with HIV positive with inclusion criteria as: 1) woman in reproductive age 18-40 years old, 2) confirmed pregnant, 3) natural born of Indonesia, 4) can expressed her-selves verbally. The data analyzed with Collaizi’s analysis of qualitative research. Results : Data saturation was reached on the seventh participant. From the qualitative data analysis, there are three themes under the phenomenon of self-acceptance of pregnant-women with HIV positive, such as internal negativism, internal acceptance, and ready to enhanced health status. Conclusion : The process of self acceptance of being pregnant and infected with HIV gives contribution on the continuity of antenatal care and HIV therapy in order to the improvement of quality of life. Self-denial depicts as disappoint, anxiety, unbelief, blame herself, isolate her self, become as consequences of the situation. But, due to the support from family and people around, makes the pregnant mothers with HIV positive try to accept and disclose about her status. So, it will give better self-acceptance of to improve her health

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Martinez Manfio, Vanessa, Karen Ingrid Tasca, Jessica Leite Garcia, Janaina de Oliveira Góis, Camila Renata Correa, and Lenice do Rosário de Souza. "Redox imbalance is related to HIV and pregnancy." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 21, 2021): e0251619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251619.

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Redox imbalance may compromise the homeostasis of physiological processes indispensable to gestational development in HIV-infected women. The present study aims to evaluate markers of the redox system in the development of pregnancy of these women. HIV-positive pregnant women, HIV-negative pregnant women and non-pregnant were studied. Redox markers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), protein carbonylation and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed at first or second trimester, third trimester and postpartum from pregnant and from non-pregnant women. According to the longitudinal analysis model, CAT activity was increased in the postpartum in HIV-positive women and before delivery in HIV-negative women. Increased carbonylation was observed in the pre-delivery period of HIV-negative pregnant women and MDA concentrations were higher in HIV-positive pregnant women compared to those non-infected by HIV at all times. According to the factorial model, higher SOD and CAT activities were observed in HIV-positive women in the initial months of pregnancy and in non-pregnant women. Carbonylation at third trimester was more evident in HIV-negative pregnant women. MDA levels were higher in HIV-positive pregnant women. Increased oxidative stress may occur in HIV-infected pregnant women. Nevertheless, the HIV virus is not solely responsible for this process; instead, mechanisms inherent to the pregnancy seem to play a role in this imbalance.

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Chaturvedi, Anil K., Joeli A. Brinkman, Ann M. Gaffga, Jeanne Dumestre, Rebecca A. Clark, Patricia S. Braly, Kathleen Dunlap, Patricia J. Kissinger, and Michael E. Hagensee. "Distribution of human papillomavirus type 16 variants in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive and -negative women." Journal of General Virology 85, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 1237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19694-0.

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The prevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 variant lineages was characterized in a cross-sectional study of 24 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV)-positive and 33 HIV-negative women in New Orleans. The European prototype was the predominant variant in the HIV-negative women (39·4 %), while in the HIV-positive women the European 350G variant was predominant (29·1 %). In exact logistic regression models, HIV-positive women were significantly more likely to harbour any variant with a nucleotide G-350 mutation compared with HIV-negative women [58·3 % vs 21·1 %; adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=6·28, 95 % confidence interval (CI)=1·19–46·54]. Models also revealed a trend towards increased prevalence of Asian–American lineage in HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women (25·0 % vs 6·0 %; AOR=6·35, 95 % CI=0·77–84·97). No association was observed between any variant and cytology or CD4 cell counts or HIV-1 viral loads. These observations reflect a difference in the distribution of HPV-16 variants among HIV-positive and -negative women, indicating that HIV-positive status may lead to increased prevalence of a subset of variants.

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