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Journal articles on the topic 'Hiv step ahead immune system'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Thualfakar Hayder Hasan, Raad A. Al-Harmoosh, and Huda Jameel Baker Al-khilkhali. "Identification of HIV virus in Najaf city, Iraq." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (2020): 4866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2783.

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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (ADIS) is a disease of the human immune system that results in a decline in the efficiency of the human immune system step by step to leave people exposed to many infections and tumours. It caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The first appeared of HIV in West Central Africa in the late 19th or early 20th century. The direct contact from personal mucus membrane or bloodstream and physical fluid (blood, vaginal semen fluid and breastfeeding milk) containing the virus is the unique viral transmission route. Out of 80 blood samples were taken from

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Vossenkämper, Anna, Thomas T. MacDonald, and Olivier Marchès. "Always one step ahead: How pathogenic bacteria use the type III secretion system to manipulate the intestinal mucosal immune system." Journal of Inflammation 8, no. 1 (2011): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-9255-8-11.

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Wardani, Putri Kusuma, Ninik Mas Ulfa, and A. C. Aditya Natalia. "Studi Efektifitas Antiretroviral Regimen Obat Kombinasi Dosis Tetap (Tenofovir/Lamivudin/Efavirenz) Berdasarkan Peningkatan Kadar Cd4 T-Limfosit (Studi dilakukan di Intalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit X Surabaya)." Journal of Pharmacy and Science 2, no. 1 (2018): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v2i1.62.

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ABSTRAKHIV adalah virus yang secara bertahap menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. HIV dapat menyebabkan AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) dan sel yang terinfeksi yang memiliki molekul Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4). Pengobatan dengan antiretroviral memiliki mekanisme tindakan untuk mencegah replikasi virus yang secara bertahap menurunkan jumlah virus dalam darah. Penelitian ini observasional yang dilakukan secara retrospektif selama 2 tahun (Januari 2014 - Desember 2015) pada pasien HIV / AIDS denganjumlah 51 pasien rawat jalan. Hasil studi observasional menunjukkan bahwa pen

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Attaullah, Zeeshan, Muhammad Tufail Khan, Sultan Alyobi, Mansour F. Yassen, and Din Prathumwan. "A Computational Approach to a Model for HIV and the Immune System Interaction." Axioms 11, no. 10 (2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11100578.

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This study deals with the numerical solution of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection model, which is a significant problem for global public health. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a communicable disease, and HIV is the causative agent for AIDS, which damages the ability of the body to fight against disease and easily usual innocuous infections attack the body. On entering the body, HIV infects a large amount of CD4+ T-cells and disturbs the supply rate of these cells from the thymus. Herein, we consider the model with variable source terms in which the production of t

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Jasman, Jasman, Dismo Katiandaghob, Moningka Dely Natalia, and Ronny Muntud. "HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PADA KOMUNITAS GAY DI KAWASAN MARINA PLAZA KOTA MANADO." Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 9, no. 2 (2019): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47718/jkl.v9i2.670.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that causes Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) by attacking white blood cells, namely CD4 cells (Cluster of Differentiation 4) that can damage the human immune system. Without the immune system, a person is easily attacked by various diseases. The number of HIV / AIDS sufferers according to data from the Tikala Baru Health Center VCT in 2018 totaled 62 people. The aim of this study is to identify HIV in the Gay Community in the Marina Plaza Area of Manado City. The method used in this study is the Immunocromatography Test using One St

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Shollenberger, Lisa M., Stephanie K. Norwood, and Zachary J. Bement. "Development of alternative vaccination strategies to overcome Tc1 vaccine failure caused by chronic schistosomiasis." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (2020): 167.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.167.13.

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Abstract It is a global public health imperative to develop vaccine strategies that produce effective cell-mediated immunity in schistosome-endemic areas, such as sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV infection is common. Vaccine delivery techniques effective in immune-suppressed populations are critical to combating infectious diseases in these already compromised groups. It is well-known that immune suppression, such as by chronic schistosome infection, can cause Tc1/Th1 type vaccines to fail. Listeria, a strong inducer of cell-mediated immunity, can overcome the Th2 biasing and immune suppression c

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Triantafilou, Kathy, Christopher J. K. Ward, Magdalena Czubala та ін. "Differential recognition of HIV-stimulated IL-1β and IL-18 secretion through NLR and NAIP signalling in monocyte-derived macrophages". PLOS Pathogens 17, № 4 (2021): e1009417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009417.

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Macrophages are important drivers of pathogenesis and progression to AIDS in HIV infection. The virus in the later phases of the infection is often predominantly macrophage-tropic and this tropism contributes to a chronic inflammatory and immune activation state that is observed in HIV patients. Pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are the key molecules that recognise HIV and mount the inflammatory responses in macrophages. The innate immune response against HIV-1 is potent and elicits caspase-1-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine production of IL-1β and IL-18. Although, N

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Anderson, Joseph S., Jon Walker, Louisa Wirthlin, John Javien, Jan A. Nolta та Gerhard Bauer. "Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Anti-HIV Transgenic Cells in a Humanized Mouse Model (NOD/SCIDγc−/−) for HIV Stem Cell Gene Therapy." Blood 112, № 11 (2008): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2352.2352.

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Abstract In vivo mouse models for safety and efficacy studies of anti-HIV gene therapeutics have been lacking in their ability to evaluate normal systemic hematopoiesis with the development of a functional immune system. These deficiencies in modeling these normal and essential physiologies can now be generated in the recently developed NOD/SCIDγc−/− mouse model. Human CD34+ progenitor cells after intrahepatic injection will undergo multi-organ engraftment generating a functional thymus along with the production of T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Upon injection with various strains of HIV-1

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Bakulina, E. G., G. V. Kataeva, and T. N. Trofimova. "The predictive power of MRI criteria in the diagnosis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome by the comparison of classification using the decision tree method and ROC analysis." Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy 12, no. 3 (2021): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-2021-12-3-16-25.

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Introduction. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome involving the central nervous system (CNS-IRIS) is a dangerous complication in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The radiologic features of this syndrome have been little studied and are presented in isolated works. The diagnosis is difficult because there are no generally accepted criteria for IRIS. Our study is devoted to radiology of IRIS. Based on the results of brain MRI, together with clinical and laboratory data, MRI criteria for IRIS were formulated.Purpose and goals. To determine the prognostic value of MRI

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Arfi, Vanessa, Lise Rivière, Loraine Jarrosson-Wuillème, et al. "Characterization of the Early Steps of Infection of Primary Blood Monocytes by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1." Journal of Virology 82, no. 13 (2008): 6557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02321-07.

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ABSTRACT Blood-circulating monocytes migrate in tissues in response to danger stimuli and differentiate there into two major actors of the immune system: macrophages and dendritic cells. Given their migratory behavior and their pivotal role in the orchestration of immune responses, it is not surprising that cells of the monocyte lineage are the target of several viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). HIV-1 replicates in monocytoid cells to an extent that is influenced by their differentiation status and modulated by exogenous stimulations. Unstimulated monocytes displa

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Wiench, Lukas, Domenico Rizzo, Zora Sinay, Zsófia Nacsa, Nina V. Fuchs, and Renate König. "Role of PQBP1 in Pathogen Recognition—Impact on Innate Immunity." Viruses 16, no. 8 (2024): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16081340.

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The intrinsically disordered polyglutamine-binding protein 1 (PQBP1) has been linked to various cellular processes including transcription, alternative splicing, translation and innate immunity. Mutations in PQBP1 are causative for neurodevelopmental conditions collectively termed as the Renpenning syndrome spectrum. Intriguingly, cells of Renpenning syndrome patients exhibit a reduced innate immune response against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). PQBP1 is responsible for the initiation of a two-step recognition process of HIV-1 reverse-transcribed DNA products, ensuring a type 1 inter

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Mohamed, Hager, Ramona Clemen, Eric Freund, et al. "Non-thermal plasma modulates cellular markers associated with immunogenicity in a model of latent HIV-1 infection." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0247125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247125.

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Effective control of infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), requires continuous and life-long use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) by people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). In the absence of ART, HIV-1 reemergence from latently infected cells is ineffectively suppressed due to suboptimal innate and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. However, ART-free control of HIV-1 infection may be possible if the inherent immunological deficiencies can be reversed or restored. Herein we present a novel approach for modulating

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Attaullah, Şuayip Yüzbaşı, Sultan Alyobi, Mansour F. Yassen, and Wajaree Weera. "A Higher-Order Galerkin Time Discretization and Numerical Comparisons for Two Models of HIV Infection." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (November 9, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3599827.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects the immune system, particularly white blood cells known as CD4+ T-cells. HIV destroys CD4+ T-cells and significantly reduces a human’s resistance to viral infectious diseases as well as severe bacterial infections, which can lead to certain illnesses. The HIV framework is defined as a system of nonlinear first-order ordinary differential equations, and the innovative Galerkin technique is used to approximate the solutions of the model. To validate the findings, solve the model employing the Runge-Kutta (RK) technique of order four. The findi

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Myburgh, Renier, Sandra Ivic, Michael S. Pepper, et al. "Lentivector Knockdown of CCR5 in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Confers Functional and Persistent HIV-1 Resistance in Humanized Mice." Journal of Virology 89, no. 13 (2015): 6761–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00277-15.

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ABSTRACTGene-engineered CD34+hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can be used to generate an HIV-1-resistant immune system. However, a certain threshold of transduced HSPCs might be required for transplantation into mice for creating an HIV-resistant immune system. In this study, we combined CCR5 knockdown by a highly efficient microRNA (miRNA) lentivector with pretransplantation selection of transduced HSPCs to obtain a rather pure population of gene engineered CD34+cells. Low-level transduction of HSPCs and subsequent sorting by flow cytometry yielded >70% transduced cells. Mic

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Chaconas, George, Mildred Castellanos, and Theodore B. Verhey. "Changing of the guard: How the Lyme disease spirochete subverts the host immune response." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 2 (2019): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.rev119.008583.

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Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is the most common tick-transmitted disease in the Northern Hemisphere. The disease is caused by the bacterial spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and other related Borrelia species. One of the many fascinating features of this unique pathogen is an elaborate system for antigenic variation, whereby the sequence of the surface-bound lipoprotein VlsE is continually modified through segmental gene conversion events. This perpetual changing of the guard allows the pathogen to remain one step ahead of the acquired immune response, enabling persistent infect

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Tingginehe, Rosmin Mariat, and Sarce Makaba. "EFFECT OF SAGO CATERPILLAR (RHYNCOPHORUS BILINETAUS VAR PAPUANUS) OIL EXTRACT AGAINST LYMPHOCYTE, LEUKOCYTE, AND CD4 LEVELS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PATIENTS IN PAPUA, INDONESIA." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 12 (2018): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.29382.

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Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome has become a pandemic worrying the world community. The HIV virus destroys the human immune system causing the person can lose their immune system so that they are easily infected and die from complications of various diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the administration of sago caterpillars oil extract can increase levels of lymphocytes, leukocyte, and CD4 on HIV patients in Papua.Methods: The research method utilized a true experiment with a randomized control group design. Data collec

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Martanti, Ika Dwi, and Samsriyaningsih Handayani. "THE EFFECT OF VIDEO DISPLAYING ON STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HIV/AIDS." Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal 6, no. 3 (2022): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/imhsj.v6i3.2022.284-291.

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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that weakens the immune system and ultimately causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Based on the integrated biological and behavioral survey (IBBS) in 2015, adolescents' knowledge regarding the correct understanding of HIV prevention was still low. Knowledge is important as a first step towards HIV / AIDS prevention among adolescents. One of the steps to overcome this problem is by disseminating knowledge and information through lecture. Methods: The research was conducted at SMK 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya. Data collection is

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Sorin, Masha, and Ganjam V. Kalpana. "HIV-1 Dynamics in the Host Cell: A Review of Viral- and Host- Protein Interactions and Potential Therapeutic Targets for HIV-1 Infection." Einstein Journal of Biology and Medicine 22, no. 1 (2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23861/ejbm2006227.

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HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS, is a sophisticated retrovirus that has both evolved to invade the complex human immune system and adapted to utilize the host machinery for its own propagation. A dynamic interaction between the virus and host systems can be observed at every step of the HIV-1 lifecycle. Host factors are involved not only in mounting antiviral responses, but are also hijacked by the virus to enhance viral replication. Host factors are necessary for viral replication during entry, reverse transcription, nuclear import, integration, transcription, nuclear export, translation,

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Siska Mutiara Hikmah S, Hasri Kuswiharyanti, Vidi Ahmad Raafi, Ninik Juarti, and Tria Amaliadiana. "Pengaruh Terapi ARV untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Hidup Pasien HIV/AIDS: A Literature Review." Journal of Bionursing 3, no. 2 (2021): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.bion.2021.3.2.101.

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INTRODUCTION : Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a collection of disease symptoms that attack human body after HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) damage the immune system. HIV-AIDS is a disease that cannot be cured now, but there are therapies to help improve the quality of life for people with HIV, and also to increase the antibodies for people with HIV and the therapy is called ARV. The main goal of ARV treatment is to reduce the number of HIV viruses to delay and stop the growth of the virus. METHOD : Determine the latest intervention regarding evidence based on HIV-AIDS an

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Lebu, Sarah, Winnie Kibone, Chimdi C. Muoghalu, et al. "Soil-transmitted helminths: A critical review of the impact of co-infections and implications for control and elimination." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 8 (2023): e0011496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011496.

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Researchers have raised the possibility that soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections might modify the host’s immune response against other systemic infections. STH infections can alter the immune response towards type 2 immunity that could then affect the likelihood and severity of other illnesses. However, the importance of co-infections is not completely understood, and the impact and direction of their effects vary considerably by infection. This review synthesizes evidence regarding the relevance of STH co-infections, the potential mechanisms that explain their effects, and how they mig

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Kaufman, Richard M. "T-cell lymphopenia in frequent volunteer platelet donors." Hematology 2023, no. 1 (2023): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2023000484.

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Abstract In the United States, more than 2 000 000 apheresis platelet units are collected annually from volunteer donors. Platelet donors in the United States and elsewhere are permitted to donate up to 24 times per year. Recently, frequent apheresis platelet donation has been associated with severe T-cell lymphopenia. Several frequent platelet donors have been found to have peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts below 200 cells/µL, the threshold for AIDS in HIV-positive individuals. Independent risk factors for plateletpheresis-associated lymphopenia include lifetime donations, age, and donation

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Attaullah, Mansour F. Yassen, Sultan Alyobi, Fuad S. Al-Duais, and Wajaree Weera. "On the comparative performance of fourth order Runge-Kutta and the Galerkin-Petrov time discretization methods for solving nonlinear ordinary differential equations with application to some mathematical models in epidemiology." AIMS Mathematics 8, no. 2 (2022): 3699–729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2023185.

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<abstract><p>Anti-viral medication is comparably incredibly beneficial for individuals who are infected with numerous viruses. Mathematical modeling is crucial for comprehending the various relationships involving viruses, immune responses and health in general. This study concerns the implementation of a <italic>continuous</italic> Galerkin-Petrov time discretization scheme with mathematical models that consist of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the hepatitis B virus, the Chen system and HIV infection. For the Galerkin scheme, we have two unknowns on each

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Patel, Vidhi, Sue-Li Dahlroth, Venkatachalam Rajakannan, Hai Ting Ho, Tobias Cornvik, and Pär Nordlund. "Structure of the C-Terminal Domain of the Multifunctional ICP27 Protein from Herpes Simplex Virus 1." Journal of Virology 89, no. 17 (2015): 8828–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00441-15.

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ABSTRACTHerpesviruses are nuclear-replicating viruses that have successfully evolved to evade the immune system of humans, establishing lifelong infections. ICP27 from herpes simplex virus is a multifunctional regulatory protein that is functionally conserved in all known human herpesviruses. It has the potential to interact with an array of cellular proteins, as well as intronless viral RNAs. ICP27 plays an essential role in viral transcription, nuclear export of intronless RNAs, translation of viral transcripts, and virion host shutoff function. It has also been implicated in several signali

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Salehi, Mitra, Hanifeh Shariatifar, Morteza Ghanbari Johkool, and Alireza Farasat. "A comprehensive study of HSA interaction with TMP using molecular docking and molecular dynamics methods: as an appropriate tool for drug delivery systems." Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences 25, no. 2 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jqums.25.2.2125.1.

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Background: Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the most prominent protein in human blood. Trimethoprim (TMP) is an efficient antibiotic drug for treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Patients with HIV/AIDS and cancer are extremely affected by the disease due to immune system deficiency. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the molecular dynamics simulation (MD) of HSA with TMP for drug delivery systems. Materials and methods: In the first step, the 3D structure of HSA and TMP were provided by PDB and PubChem respectively. Then, the molecular docking was done via AutoDock Vina

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Gabel, B. "New concept of vine grape protection – knowledge-based approach & high tech." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191501020.

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Protection of grape vine against pests and pathogens translates into heavy environmental burden – more than 100 kg of toxic chemicals per hectare every year. Limiting factor to ensuring long-term sustainability of plant production are answers to two fundamental questions: WHEN (advisory platform – DSS) and WHAT phytosanitary measures must be taken (NDM – zero toxicity concept). DSS: If we want to reduce the number of phytosanitary interventions and reduce toxicological burden in agrocenosis, but simultaneously guarantee rentability of winegrower's work, it is necessary to enter decision-making

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Ray, Neelanjana, Leslie A. Blackburn, and Robert W. Doms. "HR-2 Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 Restore Fusion Kinetics Delayed by HR-1 Mutations That Cause Clinical Resistance to Enfuvirtide." Journal of Virology 83, no. 7 (2009): 2989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02496-08.

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ABSTRACT Enfuvirtide (ENF) prevents the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into cells by binding to the HR-1 region of the viral envelope (Env) protein gp41 subunit. Resistance to ENF arises via mutations in the drug binding site in HR-1. In addition, HR-2 mutations are commonly observed in ENF-resistant Env proteins, though their role remains unclear. We explored the mechanistic basis for clinical resistance to ENF and the role of HR-2 mutations. Using panels of ENF resistance-associated mutants for two patients, we found that mutations in HR-1 slowed the fusion kinetics and

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Raffaele, Ansovini*. "Determination of an Antiviral Activity of a Composition Comprising Glutathione Reductase (GSSG-R) and Oxidized Glutathione (GSSG) for Pharmaceutical use: Experiments In vitro and In vivo." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 1, no. 2 (2020): 029–38. https://doi.org/10.37871/jels1117.

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There are several viruses that are not currently covered by efficient antiviral terapies, as towards Poliovirus and the new Covid19. The spread of atypical viral strains strongly raises the need of having efficient terapies with wide coverage against viruses. In the following experiments it was used a composition comprising Glutathione Reductase (GSSG-r) and Oxidized Glutathione (GSSG), which we call GR compound, for pharmaceutical use as antiviral, in vitro, towards RNA nad DNA virus, and in vivo towards a Swine Flu Virus (H1N1) adapted to the mouse . Glutathione is present in the cells in fo

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Koley, Hemanta, Ushasi Bhaumik, Namrata Baruah, et al. "A story of Shigella vaccine development in ICMR-NICED involving multidimensional approaches." INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES 75, no. 02 (2023): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.55184/ijpas.v75i02.162.

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Enteric bacterial infection causes diarrhea throughout the world, especially in developing countries. Shigella is solely answerable toalmost 1.1 million deaths annually in the pediatric population. Vaccine development against diarrheal diseases is always an encouragedconcern. Our laboratory, dedicated to find a possible therapy against shigellosis, is working on a path of various potential methodologiesand immunogens. Over the years, we have concentrated and reported different immunogens with their advantages and drawbacks,ultimately leading us to find the best possible vaccine candidate again

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Diamond, Don J., Corinna La Rosa, Jeffrey Longmate, et al. "Safety, Maximum Tolerated Dose and Immunogenicity of CMV-MVA-Triplex in Healthy Volunteers with or without Prior Immunity to CMV and Vaccinia." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 3108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3108.3108.

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Abstract In the era of preemptive antiviral therapy, cytomegalovirus (CMV) still remains the cause of major health complications, profound defects in immune reconstitution, and significant morbidity in post-transplant recovery of immune-compromised HCT recipients. Substituting antivirals with a vaccine that harnesses the native immune response to CMV may improve outcomes for HCT recipients. Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA), a vaccinia virus being investigated as a smallpox vaccine by the Defense Department, is a safe and robust delivery system to treat or prevent a wide range of diseases includi

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Gounari, Eleni, Anastasia Papadopoulou, Minas Yiangou, et al. "An Optimized, Ex Vivo Log-Scale Expansion of UCB-Derived Myeloid Dcs, Towards Efficient Cancer Immunotherapy." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 2441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2441.2441.

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Abstract Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) have received much attention as a therapeutic tool for infections and immunotherapy of advanced malignancies, due to their unique ability of antigen-presentation and initiation of the T-cell-dependent immune response. However, the broader application of vaccine- or antitumor specific T cell–based immunotherapy is limited by DC’s scarcity in the peripheral blood and the complex and costly methodology required for their production. To date, peripheral blood monocytes are the most common source for DCs generation and recently hematopoietic stem cell (CD3

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Murphy, Joseph. "COVID-19 Treatments and Vaccines: A year in Review." International Journal of Immunology and Microbiology 1, no. 1 (2021): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55124/ijim.v1i1.51.

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The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has precipitated an enormous collaborative global effort within the scientific and medical community in search of therapeutic and preventative solutions. The aim of this review is to collate the key developments regarding pharmacological treatments tested and vaccine candidates that have been approved to treat and arrest the spread of COVID-19. Introduction COVID-19 Transmission  The COVID-19 outbreak has caused one of the most widespread and significant public health crises in decades. It has become one of the leading causes of

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Steele, Edward. "HIV Variation Driven By Somatic Hypermutation in Immunoglobulin Variable Genes." March 26, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16372.

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Popiuk, Volodymyr Sergiyovych, Sofiia Ivanivna Kostiv, and Svitlana Romanivna Melenko. "HIV INFECTION: PATHOGENESIS, GLOBAL SITUATION, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT." October 30, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022087.

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    <em>Viral entry into host cells is a critical step in the viral life cycle. Entry of HIV-1 is mediated by the single surface envelope glycoprotein Env and is initiated by the interaction between Env and the host CD4 receptor. This interaction, referred to as the attachment step, has long been considered an attractive target for the discovery and development of inhibitors. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is known to cause impairment of the human immune system and has been the leading cause of death until recently. It has been proven that the main target of HIV is T-lymphocy

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Osei Kuffour, Edmund, Kerstin Schott, Ananda Ayyappan Jaguva Vasudevan, et al. "USP18 (UBP43) Abrogates p21-Mediated Inhibition of HIV-1." Journal of Virology 92, no. 20 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00592-18.

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ABSTRACTThe host intrinsic innate immune system drives antiviral defenses and viral restriction, which includes the production of soluble factors, such as type I and III interferon (IFN), and activation of restriction factors, including SAMHD1, a deoxynucleoside triphosphohydrolase. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15)-specific ubiquitin-like protease 43 (USP18) abrogates IFN signaling pathways. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (CIP1/WAF1), which is involved in the differentiation and maturation of monocytes, inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in macrophages and den

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Palermo, Enrico, Chiara Acchioni, Daniele Di Carlo, et al. "Activation of Latent HIV-1 T Cell Reservoirs with a Combination of Innate Immune and Epigenetic Regulators." Journal of Virology 93, no. 21 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01194-19.

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ABSTRACT The presence of T cell reservoirs in which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) establishes latency by integrating into the host genome represents a major obstacle to an HIV cure and has prompted the development of strategies aimed at the eradication of HIV from latently infected cells. The “shock-and-kill” strategy is one of the most pursued approaches to the elimination of viral reservoirs. Although several latency-reversing agents (LRAs) have shown promising reactivation activity, they have failed to eliminate the cellular reservoir. In this study, we evaluated a novel immune system-

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Petravic, Janka, Thomas A. Rasmussen, Sharon R. Lewin, Stephen J. Kent, and Miles P. Davenport. "Relationship between Measures of HIV Reactivation and Decline of the Latent Reservoir under Latency-Reversing Agents." Journal of Virology 91, no. 9 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02092-16.

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ABSTRACT Antiretroviral-free HIV remission requires substantial reduction of the number of latently infected cells and enhanced immune control of viremia. Latency-reversing agents (LRAs) aim to eliminate latently infected cells by increasing the rate of reactivation of HIV transcription, which exposes these cells to killing by the immune system. As LRAs are explored in clinical trials, it becomes increasingly important to assess the effect of an increased HIV reactivation rate on the decline of latently infected cells and to estimate LRA efficacy in increasing virus reactivation. However, whet

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Castellanos, Mildred, Theodore B. Verhey, Madeleine Goldstein, and George Chaconas. "The Putative Endonuclease Activity of MutL Is Required for the Segmental Gene Conversion Events That Drive Antigenic Variation of the Lyme Disease Spirochete." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (May 19, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.888494.

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The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, encodes an elaborate antigenic variation system that promotes the ongoing variation of a major surface lipoprotein, VlsE. Changes in VlsE are continual and always one step ahead of the host acquired immune system, which requires 1–2 weeks to generate specific antibodies. By the time this happens, new VlsE variants have arisen that escape immunosurveillance, providing an avenue for persistent infection. This antigenic variation system is driven by segmental gene conversion events that transfer information from a series of silent cassettes (vls2-

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Mehraeen, Esmaeil, Nazanin Janfaza, Ramin Shahidi, et al. "Important Risk Factors of Liver Cirrhosis in HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfected Patients: A Systematic Review." Open AIDS Journal 18, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0118746136280350240214064332.

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Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Due to shared modes of transmission with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV-HCV coinfection is also common worldwide. Multiple studies have shown that the rates of liver fibrosis and associated complications increase considerably in this sub-population compared to a single HCV infection. Thus, in this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of possible associated important risk factors of accelerated liver cirrhosis among HIV-HCV coinfected subjects. Methods A systematic review of pub

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Mohammad, Nazrul Islam. "AIDS Related Complexes (ARCs) can be Treated by Herbal Medicine: A Prospective Review." August 10, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8232173.

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Acquired Immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a serious pandemic public health problem caused by Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It usually breaks down the acquired immune system and leading to develop life threatening opportunistic infections, neurological disorders and unusual malignancies. AIDs can be categorized into four broad headings such as initial infection with virus and development of antibodies, asymptomatic carrier stage, AIDS related complexes (ARCs) and AIDS. From initial infection to development of sign and symptoms are called window period. During the window period, progre

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Hu, Guiqing, Jun Liu, Kenneth H. Roux, and Kenneth A. Taylor. "Structure of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Spikes Bound with CD4 and Monoclonal Antibody 36D5." Journal of Virology 91, no. 16 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00134-17.

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ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) envelope spike (Env) mediates viral entry into host cells. The V3 loop of the gp120 component of the Env trimer contributes to the coreceptor binding site and is a target for neutralizing antibodies. We used cryo-electron tomography to visualize the binding of CD4 and the V3 loop monoclonal antibody (MAb) 36D5 to gp120 of the SIV Env trimer. Our results show that 36D5 binds gp120 at the base of the V3 loop and suggest that the antibody exerts its neutralization effect by blocking the coreceptor binding

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Kumar Mishra, Saurav, Neeraj Kumar, Md Harun Or Rashid, et al. "An integrated mutation-based immunoinformatic approach incorporating variability in epitopes: a study based on HIV subtype C." Frontiers in Immunology 16 (May 20, 2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1540253.

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Currently, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection is one of the leading complications in public health and causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), especially in the African region. No specific vaccine is available to combat this, with multi-strain variability being one of the hurdles. In this investigation, we employed variability in the epitope of the HIV subtype C targets to introduce mutations and construct an epitope-based vaccine. Four targets were examined to predict the B and T cells (major histocompatibility complex class I and II). Among the predicted epitopes, immunod

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Leshin-Carmel, Daniel, Ziv Sevilya, Gabriel Brik, et al. "1530. Reactivation of Latent HIV in CD4 T Cells Procured from Patients on ART by Autologous CD8 T cells or Fas Ligand." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 10, Supplement_2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad500.1365.

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Abstract Background HIV persists in a long-lived infected CD4 T cell reservoir, which harbors an integrated transcriptionally latent virus. We reported that cytotoxic CD8 T cells conjugate with, and kill, autologous HIV-infected CD4 T cells isolated from all stages of HIV infection including reservoir cells of patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART) (image 1). This killing is attenuated by HIV Nef protein. We also previously reported that FasL presented by the cytotoxic T cells interacts with Fas on the surface of the target cells, resulting in the apoptosis of the target cells. Wajant dem

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Mendonça, C. P., and D. A. Zauli. "A-306 Standardization of Automated Methodology for Qualitative Molecular Detection of HIV-1 in Dried Blood Spots (DBS)." Clinical Chemistry 69, Supplement_1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvad097.271.

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Abstract Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with more than 35 million people infected worldwide. Typically, after seroconversion, individuals enter a clinically stable and relatively asymptomatic phase that can last for years. Without antiretroviral treatment, individuals usually progress to AIDS, which is characterized by a decrease in CD4+ cells in the immune system, which increases the susceptibility to opportunistic infections and eventual death. Historically, HIV tests have relied on the antibody response tha

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Faust, Jeremy S. "Diarrheal Illness." DeckerMed Emergency Medicine, January 23, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/em.4721.

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Diarrhea, qualitatively defined as an increase in stool frequency and liquid content, is a frequent complaint in patients presenting to emergency departments. Although most cases are uncomplicated viral infections, the most frequent causes of dangerous underlying entities are often not viral. In uncomplicated cases, laboratory testing for metabolic derangements is not required unless there are signs of moderate to severe dehydration or the patient has particular risks, such as chronic kidney disease. Secondary infections associated with antibiotic use (C difficile–associated diarrhea), other s

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Faust, Jeremy S. "Diarrheal Illness." DeckerMed Transitional Year Weekly Curriculum™, August 19, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/tywc.4721.

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Diarrhea, qualitatively defined as an increase in stool frequency and liquid content, is a frequent complaint in patients presenting to emergency departments. Although most cases are uncomplicated viral infections, the most frequent causes of dangerous underlying entities are often not viral. In uncomplicated cases, laboratory testing for metabolic derangements is not required unless there are signs of moderate to severe dehydration or the patient has particular risks, such as chronic kidney disease. Secondary infections associated with antibiotic use (C difficile–associated diarrhea), other s

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sprotocols. "Highly Sensitive Method for Titration of Adenovirus Vectors." January 21, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14105.

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Authors: Hildegund Ertl, ZhiQuan Xiang, Yan Li, Dongming Zhou, Xiangyang Zhou, Wynetta Giles-Davis & Yi-lin E. Liu ### Abstract Clinical development of vaccines based on adenovirus (Ad) vectors requires accurate techniques to determine vector doses including contents of infectious particles. For vectors derived from Ad virus of human serotype 5 content of infectious particles can readily be determined by plaque assays. Vaccine vectors based on alternative Ad serotypes such as those derived from chimpanzees or so-called rare serotype plaque poorly and titration by plaque assays underestimat

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Subhomoi, Borkotoky. "Docking Studies on HIV Integrase Inhibitors Based On Potential Ligand Binding Sites." September 28, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijbb.2012.2303.

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International Journal on Bioinformatics & Biosciences (IJBB) Vol.2, No.3, September 2012 DOI : 10.5121/ijbb.2012.2303 21 Docking Studies on HIV Integrase Inhibitors Based On Potential Ligand Binding Sites Subhomoi Borkotoky* Centre for bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India subhomoi@mails.bicpu.edu.in Abstract HIV integrase is a 32 kDa protein produced from the C-terminal portion of the Pol gene product, and is an attractive target for new anti-HIV drugs. Integrase is an enzyme produced by a retrovirus (such as HIV) that enables its genetic material to be integrated into

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Abjamilova, Jazgul, Abhinav Kumar Sharma, Kartikay Dhillon, Deepak, and Avtar Singh. "Jazgul Abjamilova's Article - Thyroid Hormonal Responses to Biological Treatments Understanding Their Role in Rheumatoid Arthritis." May 10, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15380542.

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    Thyroid Hormonal Responses to Biological Treatments Understanding Their Role in Rheumatoid Arthritis   Article By Kartikay Dhillon Avtar Singh Deepak Abhinav Kumar Sharma Email : abhinavosh13@gmail.com   Under the Guidance of Jazgul Abjamilova Deptt of Pediatrics ORCID - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8028-3343   Abstract Living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) means navigating a world of joint pain, fatigue, and the constant push to find treatments that restore balance to an overactive immune system. Biological therapies, like TNF inhibitors and IL-6 blockers, have bee

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Franks, Rachel. "Building a Professional Profile: Charles Dickens and the Rise of the “Detective Force”." M/C Journal 20, no. 2 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1214.

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IntroductionAccounts of criminals, their victims, and their pursuers have become entrenched within the sphere of popular culture; most obviously in the genres of true crime and crime fiction. The centrality of the pursuer in the form of the detective, within these stories, dates back to the nineteenth century. This, often highly-stylised and regularly humanised protagonist, is now a firm feature of both factual and fictional accounts of crime narratives that, today, regularly focus on the energies of the detective in solving a variety of cases. So familiar is the figure of the detective, it se

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