Journal articles: 'HIV treatment adherence'

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Cooper, Curtis L., and Ed Mills. "Comparison of first antiretroviral treatment duration and outcome in HIV, HIV–HBV and HIV–HCV infection." International Journal of STD & AIDS 18, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646207781439838.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection may differentially influence HIV treatment duration and outcome. This was assessed at The Ottawa Hospital Immunodeficiency Clinic in first-time highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) recipients visited between January 2000 and December 2004. Of 968 patients, 526/700 (75%) HIV, 173/230 (75%) HIV–HCV and 30/38 (79%) HIV–HBV-infected patients initiated HAART. Co-infected patients stopped treatment sooner (HBV – 10 months, HCV – 9 months) than HIV mono-infected (17 months) ( P<0.001). Injection drug history predicted shorter treatment duration (odds ratio [OR]1.59, P<0.001). Use of non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitor-containing HAART (OR 0.76, P<0.01) and low-dose ritonavir (<400 mg twice daily)-based HAART (OR 0.83, P = 0.06) predicted longer treatment duration. HCV co-infection did not predict duration of therapy (OR 1.19, P=0.19) once controlled for by these three variables. Poor adherence was a major explanation for eventual treatment interruption in those with HIV–HCV (22% versus 5% in HIV alone; P<0.001) as was substance abuse (7% versus < 1% in HIV; P<0.001). Metabolic complications resulted in HAART interruption in HIV mono-infection (8%) but not with HBV or HCV co-infection (both <1%; P<0.001). Antiretroviral selection is critical to the longevity of initially prescribed regimens, irrespective of viral hepatitis co-infection. Attention to this and strategies targeting substance abuse and adherence in HIV–HCV are predicted to increase the duration of HAART.

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Wagner, Glenn, Karen Chan Osilla, Jeffrey Garnett, Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar, Laveeza Bhatti, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, and Mallory Witt. "Patient Characteristics Associated with HCV Treatment Adherence, Treatment Completion, and Sustained Virologic Response in HIV Coinfected Patients." AIDS Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/903480.

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Background. Hepatitis C (HCV) treatment efficacy among HIV patients is limited by poor treatment adherence and tolerance, but few studies have examined the psychosocial determinants of treatment adherence and outcomes.Methods. Chart abstracted and survey data were collected on 72 HIV patients who had received pegylated interferon and ribavirin to assess correlates of treatment adherence, completion, and sustained virologic response (SVR).Results. Nearly half (46%) the sample had active psychiatric problems and 13% had illicit drug use at treatment onset; 28% reported <100% treatment adherence, 38% did not complete treatment (mostly due to virologic nonresponse), and intent to treat SVR rate was 49%. Having a psychiatric diagnosis was associated with nonadherence, while better HCV adherence was associated with both treatment completion and SVR.Conclusions. Good mental health may be an indicator of HCV treatment adherence readiness, which is in turn associated with treatment completion and response, but further research is needed with new HCV treatments emerging.

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Sharma, B., and K. Joshi. "Treatment adherence of antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v6i3.16701.

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Adherence to Antiretroviral therapy (ART)is a principle predictor for the success of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome treatment. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has led to the reduction of mortality and the improvement of the quality of people living with HIV/AIDS. It has been estimated that at least 95% adherence with therapy is required to reduce HIV viral load. Non-adherence to treatment can lead to inadequate suppression of viral replication, continued destruction of CD4 cells, progressive decline in immune function and disease progression. The aim of the study is to assess treatment adherence of antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS at Seti Zonal Hospital, Kailali. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 people living with HIV/AIDS in ART Clinic, Seti Zonal Hospital, Kailali. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for data collection between 22/03/2071 to 02/04/2071. Informed consent was obtained prior collecting data from self-structured questionnaire using interview technique. Collected data were entered and analyzed by SPSS 17.0 and represented by using percentage, frequency, mean, standard deviation and chi- square test. Results: Among the respondents majority of them were “female” 85(53.1%) sex, from age group “31-45 years” 85 (53.1%), ethnicity “minority group/ Dalit” 76 (47.5%) and education “illiterate” 79 (50.3%). The mean adherence rate for one month was found to be 89.92%. Majority of the respondents were adherent to ART 96 (60%). Regarding non-adherence the major barrier was “forgetting” 52 (45.6%). There is statistically significant association between age of the respondents (p=0.04), ethnicity (p=0.03) and prescribed ARV regimen (p=0.02) with drug adherence. More than half of the respondents were adherent to ART. Among non-adherent, the most of them reported “forgetting to take drug”. Non adherence patient and family members can be addressed with proper counseling and motivation for their drug compliance.

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Stirratt, Michael J., and Christopher M. Gordon. "HIV Treatment Adherence Research and Intervention." Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services 6, no. 1-2 (March 27, 2007): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j187v06n01_02.

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Miguez-Burbano, Maria Jose, Luis Espinoza, and John E. Lewis. "HIV Treatment Adherence and Sexual Functioning." AIDS and Behavior 12, no. 1 (February 13, 2007): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-006-9197-0.

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Hornschuh, Stefanie, Janan Janine Dietrich, Celokuhle Tshabalala, and Fatima Laher. "Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence: Knowledge and Experiences among Adolescents and Young Adults in Soweto, South Africa." AIDS Research and Treatment 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5192516.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) management of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is particularly pertinent to sub-Saharan Africa, where the pediatric HIV burden is marked. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence is a major challenge for AYAs. This qualitative study explored knowledge and experiences of adherence amongst AYAs attending treatment at the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Soweto, South Africa. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) and eight in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with HIV-infected 15–25-year-old ART recipients. Transcripts were coded thematically. Participants (n=26) were aged median 18.5 years, 59.1% female and 69.2% virally suppressed <400 cp/ml. Three main themes emerged during FGDs and IDIs: (i) correct knowledge about how to be adherent, benefits, and nonadherence consequences, (ii) social, personal, and medication-related barriers to adherence, and (iii) reminder, concealment, and motivational strategies to optimize adherence. Interventions to improve AYA adherence could focus on practical strategies, including status disclosure and medication concealment.

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Sánchez Peña, Sara, María del Mar Pastor Bravo, Miguel Ángel Cánovas Tomás, Pilar Almansa-Martínez, Caridad Peñalver Guillen, and Ismael Jiménez-Ruiz. "Factores relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en mujeres con VIH: Un estudio mixto con diseño secuencial." Enfermería Global 20, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.437711.

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Introducción: El VIH/Sida afecta cada vez a más mujeres. La adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral es decisiva en la calidad de vida de las personas infectadas. Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio es determinar el grado de adherencia manifestada en un grupo de mujeres con VIH/Sida, con TAR e identificar los factores y circunstancias que influyen en su adherencia.Metodología: Se ha realizado un estudio con diseño mixto secuencial explicativo. Los sujetos de estudio son 86 mujeres diagnosticadas con VIH/Sida en tratamiento con TARGA. Resultados: Se recogieron datos cualitativos de 18 de ellas. El 59,3% de las participantes son no adherentes. Los factores determinantes de la no adherencia son el grado académico, edad, ingresos, así como factores personales, interpersonales como el apoyo sociofamiliar, estigma percibido y autoestigma y factores relativos a la enfermedad y tratamiento. Conclusión: Los cuidados de enfermería deben abordar con enfoque de género aquellos factores psicosociales e individuales del proceso de adherencia. Background: HIV/AIDS is affecting more and more women. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is decisive for those infected to achieve quality of life. Purpose: The aim of the present study is to determine the degree of adherence displayed by a group of women with HIV/AIDS and to identify those factors and circumstances which might influence their adherence to ART. Method: A sequential mixed model research design was applied. The subjects studied consisted of 86 women diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and treated with ART. Findings and discussion: Qualitative data were collected from 18 of these women. 59.3% of participants were non-adherents. The determining factors for non-adherence were level of education, age, income, as well as personal and/or interpersonal factors such as socio-familial support, perceived stigma, self-stigma and factors related to disease and treatment. Nursing care should take a gender-focused approach towards those psychological and personal factors inherent in the adherence process.

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Stirratt, Michael J., and Christopher M. Gordon. "Adherence to biomedical HIV prevention methods: Considerations drawn from HIV treatment adherence research." Current HIV/AIDS Reports 5, no. 4 (November 2008): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11904-008-0027-z.

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Wagner, Glenn J., Mary Slaughter, and Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar. "Depression at Treatment Initiation Predicts HIV Antiretroviral Adherence in Uganda." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 16, no. 1 (November 30, 2016): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325957416677121.

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We examined the relationship between depression (symptom type, diagnostic severity, and change over time) and adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) with data from 3 longitudinal studies (N = 1021) of patients starting ART in Uganda. The Patient Health Questionnaire was used to assess depressive symptoms (total score; somatic and cognitive subscales) and categorize severity level. At baseline, 9% had major depression and 30% had minor depression; 82% were adherent (reported no missed ART doses in the past 7 days) at month 6 and 85% at month 12. Controlling for demographic and medical covariates, multivariate random-effects logistic regression models revealed that change in depression was not related to adherence; however, baseline total depression symptoms and cognitive symptoms in particular as well as major and minor depression were significant predictors of adherence. These findings highlight the need for early identification and aggressive treatment of depression to optimize ART adherence.

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Johnson, Mallory O., Torsten B. Neilands, Samantha E. Dilworth, Stephen F. Morin, Robert H. Remien, and Margaret A. Chesney. "The Role of Self-Efficacy in HIV Treatment Adherence: Validation of the HIV Treatment Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale (HIV-ASES)." Journal of Behavioral Medicine 30, no. 5 (June 23, 2007): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-007-9118-3.

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Meena, Sunil Kumar, Rudresh Negi, Shailendra Singh Chaudhary, and Sunil Kumar Misra. "Adherence to anti-retroviral therapy and factors influencing it among HIV/AIDS adult patients in Agra: a cross-sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 3373. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193458.

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Background: HIV/AIDS remains a significant global public health problem. With approximately 56% HIV patients in India receiving treatment, adherence to drugs is a crucial element for successful management. Sustainable development goals, National Strategic plan for HIV/AIDS and STI (2017-24) and 90-90-90 target pushing towards ending of AIDS epidemic require adequate adherence and this research estimates the adherence, associated factors and reasons for non-compliance.Methods: This analytical cross sectional study was undertaken on 160 HIV patients from an ART Centre. A pre-structured, pilot tested, face validated questionnaire was used and data collected by face to face interviews, through random selection of participants from outpatient department register. Data was analysed using Epi Info software and chi squared test applied.Results: Of the 160 study subjects, 86.8% remained adherent to the treatment with forgetfulness (71.4%) being the most common cause for non-adherence. Statistically significant treatment adherence was observed to be associated with socio-economic status (p=0.021) and period elapsed since diagnosis (p=0.041).Conclusions: Improving adherence to drug therapy through intensive counselling, streamlined drug supply and increased family participation would go a long way in reducing the menace of HIV.

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Belayihun, Bekele, and Rahma Negus. "Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Rate and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV in Dubti Hospital, Afar Regional State, East Ethiopia." International Scholarly Research Notices 2015 (April 9, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/187360.

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Introduction. Antiretroviral Therapy has transformed HIV infection into a chronic manageable disease; it requires near perfect adherence rates (as high as 95%). In this study, we assessed antiretroviral treatment adherence rate and associated factors among people living with HIV in Dubti Hospital. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted within February 1–30, 2014. All HIV-infected patients above the age of 18 years who took first line Antiretroviral Therapy were eligible for inclusion of the study. Adherence Scale was used for labeling patients as adherent or nonadherent. All HIV-infected patients record data were collected from the medical records, entered, and analyzed using Epi Info 7 and SPSS Version 20. Multivariable analysis was used to identify the relative effect of explanatory variables on low adherence rate. Results. A total of 370 patients aged 18 years and above, who started ART, were included in this study. The self-reported adherence rate of the patient on ART was 81.1%. Independent predictors of adherence were treatment duration. Conclusion. Adherence rate was associated with time to ART. That is, the longer they were on ART, the lesser they adhered.

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Rintamaki, Lance, Kami Kosenko, Timothy Hogan, Allison M. Scott, Christopher Dobmeier, Erik Tingue, and David Peek. "The Role of Stigma Management in HIV Treatment Adherence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24 (December 9, 2019): 5003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245003.

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Social stigma is linked to improper HIV treatment adherence, but how stigma impairs adherence outcomes is poorly understood. This study included 93 people living with HIV in the United States who participated in focus groups or one-on-one interviews regarding how stigma might affect medication management. Latent content analysis and constant comparative techniques of participant responses that were produced three thematic groupings that described how participants (a) orient to HIV stigma, (b) manage HIV stigma in ways that directly impair treatment adherence, and (c) manage HIV stigma in ways that may indirectly impair adherence. These findings illustrate the need to understand how patients orient to HIV stigma when prescribing medications and the complications that are inherent to such assessments. In addition, these findings provide a simple framework for organizing the different ways in which stigma management strategies may disrupt treatment adherence. Conceptually, these findings also offer a paradigm shift to extent theories on disclosure and concealment, in which only disclosure has been cast as an active process. These findings demonstrate how concealment is far from a passive default, often requiring enormous effort. Ultimately, these findings may guide intervention programs that help to entirely eliminate HIV by promoting optimized counseling and subsequent treatment adherence.

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Villacorta, R., X. Han, B. Clark, J. G. Hou, P. A. Miner, and J. McCombs. "Factors Affecting Adherence With Hiv Treatment Guidelines." Value in Health 17, no. 3 (May 2014): A278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.03.1618.

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Johnson, Mallory O., Samantha E. Dilworth, and Torsten B. Neilands. "Partner Reports of Patientsʼ HIV Treatment Adherence." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 56, no. 4 (April 2011): e117-e118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e31820bd2ce.

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Chi, Benjamin H., and Jeffrey SA Stringer. "Mobile phones to improve HIV treatment adherence." Lancet 376, no. 9755 (November 2010): 1807–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62046-6.

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Rochon, Donna, Michael W. Ross, Carol Looney, Vishnu P. Nepal, Andrea J. Price, and Thomas P. Giordano. "Communication Strategies to Improve HIV Treatment Adherence." Health Communication 26, no. 5 (July 2011): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2011.554168.

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Acri, Trisha. "2nd International Conference on HIV Treatment Adherence." Future HIV Therapy 1, no. 2 (July 2007): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17469600.1.2.145.

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Enriquez, Maithe, Nancy R. Lackey, Mary C. O'Connor, and David S. McKinsey. "Successful adherence after multiple HIV treatment failures." Journal of Advanced Nursing 45, no. 4 (February 2004): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02928.x.

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Bogart, Laura M., Glenn J. Wagner, Matt G. Mutchler, Brian Risley, Bryce W. McDavitt, Tara McKay, and David J. Klein. "Community HIV Treatment Advocacy Programs May Support Treatment Adherence." AIDS Education and Prevention 24, no. 1 (February 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2012.24.1.1.

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SZOMOLAY, BARBARA, and EDWARD M. LUNGU. "A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF AIDS-RELATED KAPOSI'S SARCOMA." Journal of Biological Systems 22, no. 03 (August 28, 2014): 495–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339014500247.

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We formulate a mathematical model to study the dynamics of HIV-1 related Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) pathogenesis. KS progression is modeled as a dual process involving the primary infection of B cells, which sustains HHV-8 replication and the secondary infection of progenitor cells by HHV-8, which sustains the KS cell replication. We incorporate the pharmacodynamics of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), or combination therapy (HAART plus KS therapy) and consider how each treatment strategy alters the disease progression. Our results indicate that administration of HAART to individuals co-infected with the HIV-1 and HHV-8 viruses can greatly amplify the therapeutic response of low-dose KS therapies. We have found that adherence levels above 85% can significantly reduce the risk of KS and HIV for a treatment periods under 1 year. For longer treatment periods, however, at least 90% adherence level is recommended.

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Gulick, Roy M., and Charles Flexner. "Long-Acting HIV Drugs for Treatment and Prevention." Annual Review of Medicine 70, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-041217-013717.

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Antiretroviral drugs have revolutionized the treatment and prevention of HIV infection; however, adherence is critical for sustained efficacy. Current HIV treatment consists of three-drug regimens, and current HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) consists of a two-drug regimen; both generally require adherence to once-daily dosing. Long-acting formulations are useful in the treatment and prevention of other conditions (e.g., contraceptives, antipsychotics) and help promote adherence. Newer long-acting formulations of approved and investigational antiretroviral drugs in existing and newer mechanistic classes are under study for HIV treatment and prevention, including some phase III trials. Although long-acting antiretroviral drugs hold promise, some clinical challenges exist, including managing side effects, drug-drug interactions, pregnancy, and long-lasting drug concentrations that could lead to the development of drug resistance. This review aims to summarize currently available information on long-acting antiretroviral drugs for HIV treatment and prevention.

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Kourrouski, Maria Fernanda Cabral, and Regina Aparecida Garcia de Lima. "Treatment adherence: the experience of adolescents with HIV/AIDS." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 17, no. 6 (December 2009): 947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692009000600004.

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Living with a chronic condition is difficult at any stage of life, especially when considering HIV/AIDS, a stigmatized condition that elicits so much discrimination and which may become an aggravating factor when it occurs during adolescence. This study aimed to understand the experience of adolescents with HIV/AIDS concerning medication adherence. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Nine adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years and six caregivers participated in the study. The organization of data focused on positive and negative aspects related to adherence. The results showed that adolescents have difficulties in medication adherence especially due to their side effects; they try to normalize their lives in such a way that stigma and discrimination do not compromise their quality of life and treatment adherence. Recommendations to encourage treatment adherence are presented.

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Bam, Kiran, Deepak Kumar Karki, Shyam Prasad Lohani, Rajshree Thapa, Umesh Raj Aryal, and Laxmi Raj Pathak. "Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV and AIDS in Far West, Nepal." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2, no. 1 (May 14, 2011): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i1.4290.

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Objective: Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy is a principal predictor for the success of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) treatment. It remains as a challenge to AIDS treatment and care with the wide spread of the associated risks. The study aims to assess adherence level and factors associated with adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) among people living with HIV and AIDS in Far West, Nepal. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Far West between May 2009 to September 2009. A total of 176 samples allowed with 95% CI and 5% error proportionately from four ART sites were drawn. Random sampling technique was used to recruit patients. Semi-structured questionnaire schedule adapted from the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG) was used and pre-tested to collect data on drug adherence. We compared non-adherent patients with adherent patients and associations with key risk factors were determined.Results: An overall self reported adherence for a month was 84%. Those who were more than 95% adherent responded that use of watch, electronic devices such as mobiles, watch and calendar facilitated them to take the drugs regularly. Improved adherence was significantly determined by time to reach the health faility at terai (OR: 2.86, 1.10-7.47), disclosing of the HIV status (OR: 3.25; 1.02-10.19), the perceived positive benefits of ART (OR: 21.07; 6.79-68.04) and excellent satisfaction with the provider (OR: 13.11; 4.75-36.19). Travel cost more than 2$ (OR: 9.84; 3.44-28.73) was significant barrier to adherence. Conclusion: Timely detection of non-adherence behaviours and understanding of patients' difficulties with ART could potentially help patients for adherence and therefore improve the treatment outcomes in rural hilly Nepal. Government’s initiatives towards moral support for encouraging to join support group including discussions of side-effects, and everyday problems in sticking to a regimen and financial support to PHLA should be promoted to optimize the adherence rate.Key Words: Adherence; ART; PLHA; Far West NepalDOI: 10.3126/ajms.v2i1.4290Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 7-13

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Olowookere, Samuel Anu, Akinola Ayoola Fatiregun, and Isaac F. Adewole. "Knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy among patients at a Nigerian treatment clinic." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 6, no. 11 (November 26, 2012): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2086.

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Introduction: We assessed the knowledge of and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was employed. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to consecutive, consenting PLWHA who had been receiving treatment for a minimum of three months. The level of ART adherence was calculated manually for each respondent. Results: In total 318 PLWHA completed the questionnaire. The mean and median time on ART was 17.8 months and 19 months respectively. The mean age of the respondents was 39.1±9.6 years. The majority of these respondents (76.9%) had completed secondary education. Over 80% of the respondents reported knowing that HIV can be transmitted through blood transfusions and unprotected sexual intercourse. Seventy-six per cent of the respondents reported knowing that ART suppresses HIV activity. However, 33% of the respondents denied being HIV positive, while 22.6% reported that they felt that taking ART was shameful. Over 32% of the respondents reported that good adherence to ART would raise suspicions about their HIV status, and 66.7% had not yet disclosed their HIV status to anyone. Most (77.7%) respondents had good knowledge of HIV/AIDS while 75.2% had good knowledge of ART. Also 78.9% had positive attitude to HIV/AIDS while 73.9%) had positive attitude to ART. Respondents with good knowledge about HIV/AIDS and a positive attitude about the disease tended to be more adherent to ART (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The majority of respondents had good knowledge of and a positive attitude toward HIV/AIDS and ART adherence.

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Oladigbolu, Remi A., Mansur O. Oche, Mansur O. Raji, Godwin J. Gana, and Zainab A. Ezenwoko. "Effect of telephone calls and text message reminder interventions on the adherence to antiretroviral drugs among HIV/AIDS clients receiving care in Sokoto state, Nigeria." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 3773. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204339.

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Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been proven to be a good predictor of clinical outcome among patients on ART. This study aimed to assess the effect of phone reminder interventions on the knowledge of Human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV)/ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), ART and adherence to ART drugs among non-adherent patients receiving care in Sokoto State.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 196 non-adherent HIV patients between February and July 2017. The intervention group received monthly telephone calls and weekly text messages for twelve weeks while the control group received only standard of care. Self-report adherence, forgetfulness to take ART and knowledge of HIV/AIDS and ART were measured pre- and post- intervention. Data were processed and analysed using IBM Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22 computer statistical software package.Results: At baseline, although majority of participants in both groups had good knowledge of HIV/AIDS, ART drug adherence, they were both non-adherent to ART and it was mainly due to forgetfulness. At post intervention, respondents with good knowledge and adherent to ART were significantly higher in the intervention group. There was also a significantly lower proportion of forgetfulness among the intervention group compared with control group (c2=47.57, p<0.001).Conclusion: The interventions were found to be effective. The Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) with the support of implementing partners need to integrate these interventions into clinical setting as part of comprehensive care for HIV care and treatment to assist in improving their knowledge of HIV/AIDS, ART and adherence to ART.

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Petróczi, Andrea, Kim Hawkins, Gareth Jones, and Declan P. Naughton. "HIV Patient Characteristics that Affect Adherence to Exercise Programmes: An Observational Study." Open AIDS Journal 4, no. 1 (June 25, 2010): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601004010148.

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Background: Benefits of exercise for HIV-infected persons have been documented, although in clinical practice, diminished adherence to exercise limits the effectiveness of this auxiliary treatment. Exercise intervention studies carry the caveat that the results are limited to volunteers with good compliance and completion profiles. Objectives: This study aimed to identify characteristics contributing to adherence vs non-adherence to prescribed supervised 10-week 75-minute aerobic and progressive resistance exercise programme in a clinical setting that requires twice-weekly attendance at the physiotherapy gym. Study Design: This observational study was comprised of 11 males and 11 females, physician-assessed, HIV seropositive patients referred to exercise programmes in a tertiary multi-disciplinary outpatient service for HIV patients at an urban Teaching Hospital in London (UK). Measurements taken prior to the exercise programme were used as dependent variables and include CD4 count, fitness level, flexibility and perceived physical-, emotional-, functional- and psychological- well-being. Attendance records were categorised into a dichotomous independent variable of adherence based on a natural break that occurred at 8/20 attended sessions. Results: Prior-to-treatment differences in perceived physical, functional and psychological well-being exist between adherent and non-adherent patients, but no differences were found in age, CD4 count or fitness level. Perceived well-being explained 55.7% of the variances in attendance. Gender and reason for referral appear to be independent of adherence, whereas ethnicity may play an influential role. Conclusion: Perceived well-being appears to differentiate between adherent and non-adherent patients. Further studies are required to investigate other psychological characteristics and barriers to maintaining exercise.

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Mattam, Bheemesh Naidu, Mounika Akurathi, B. M. S. G. Krishna, and Haritha Reddy Tumati. "Evaluation of factors influencing drug adherence to anti retroviral therapy (ART) in a tertiary care hospital, Guntur Andhra Pradesh, India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 6 (May 23, 2017): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20172030.

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Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is a primary determinant of the effectiveness of Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) treatment and is also considered a major predictor of survival among patients living with HIV/AIDS. The present study measures the level of adherence to antiretroviral drug therapy in Guntur district using Morisky medication adherence scale-8 (MMAS-8) and various factors influencing the degree of adherence.Methods: This was a cross sectional, semi structured questionnaire based study conducted over a period of 13 months at KMCH. MMAS-8 was used to assess the degree of adherence. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed to assess the factors influencing adherence.Results: A total of 354 patients participated in the study. 126 (36%) patients were highly adherent, 126 (36%) patients were moderately adherent and 102 (29%) patients were low adherent according to MMAS-8 score. Statistical analysis has shown that patients using the reminder tools, patients living with family had shown significant adherence to ART (p value <0.001).Conclusions: People who are taking ART in Guntur district are found to be moderate to high adherent according to MMAS-8. Degree of adherence to ART is found to be influenced by simplified treatment regimen, patient counselling and family support.

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Martínez, L., E. Boix, L. González, R. Esteban, E. Davi, P. Flores, C. Masferrer, C. Macías, and O. Orejas. "Mood disorders in HIV infection." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.569.

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IntroductionPsychiatric disorders, particularly mood disorders, have a profound effect on the use of and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.HIV infection and mood disorders have features in common, and each is a significant risk factor for the other.ObjectiveThe objective is to highlight the clinicians on the importance of screening and treating affective disorders among patients with HIV infection.MethodsTwo cases of HIV infected patients with comorbid mood disorder and torpid evolutions by poor adherence to treatment are reported.A brief literature review on this subject is done.ResultsMajor depression has been shown to alter the function of killer lymphocytes in HIV-infected patients and may be associated with the progression of HIV disease.HIV-positive patients with mental disorders are less likely to receive and adherence to antiretroviral therapy.First case-report: a man 52 years old, HIV-positive since 1985 with a comorbid bipolar disorder, with recurrent depressions and poor adherence to both treatment with a rapidly exitus laetalis.Second case-report: man 45 years old, HIV-positive since 1992 with a comorbid depressive disorder, non-adhered to both therapy and HIV-associated dementia.ConclusionsDepressive disorders are common in HIV infection. Antiretroviral regimens for HIV-infected patients require strict adherence. Untreated depression has been associated with medication nonadherence. Understanding the contribution of depression and its subsequent treatment on antiretroviral therapy adherence might direct clinicians toward earlier identification and more aggressive treatment among this population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Barbosa, Paula Saraiva Duailibe, Loise Dantas Fonseca Ribeiro, Maria Eliane Liégio Matão, Pedro Humberto Faria Campos, and Denismar Borges Miranda. "Adherence to antiretroviral treatment for hiv positive pregnant women." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 4, no. 4 (October 9, 2010): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.1182-9562-1-le.0404201033.

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ABSTRACTObjective: to adherence to antiretroviral therapy by pregnant women living with HIV / AIDS and its determinants advantages and constraints. Method: this is about an exploratory descriptive study, from qualitative approach, using socioeconomic data collection questionnaire and open interviews in depth, content analysis to establish the themes. The study was approved by the Ethics in Research of the Mother and Child Hospital (protocol number 023/07). Results: the material was sorted and grouped into two themes: “HIV/AIDS: infection dramatically worldwide” and “Pregnancy and Seropositivity: a challenge that is solvable”, each divided into subcategories for better understanding and analysis of data. Conclusions: the study presents results consistent with the profile of HIV/AIDS in the country with regard to internalization, pauperization and discovery of the diagnosis, confirming the pregnancy period as appropriate to the knowledge of their HIV status. Adherence to treatment in pregnancy is justified by the desire not to transmit the infection to their child. Descriptors: HIV seropositivity; psychology social; pregnancy; medication adherence.RESUMOObjetivo: conhecer a adesão aos anti-retrovirais (ARV) por gestantes vivendo com HIV/aids, bem como os seus determinantes facilitadores e dificultadores. Método: pesquisa exploratória, descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, na qual se utilizou para coleta de dados questionário socioeconômico e entrevista aberta em profundidade; análise de conteúdo para estabelecimento de categorias temáticas. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Materno Infantil (protocolo número 023/07). Resultados: o material foi classificado e agrupado em duas categorias temáticas: “HIV/aids: infecção dramática em todo o mundo” e “Gravidez e Soropositividade: desafio que tem solução”, cada uma delas dividida em subcategorias para melhor compreensão e análise dos dados. Conclusões: o estudo apresenta resultado compatível com o perfil da infecção pelo HIV/aids no país no que se refere à interiorização, pauperização e descoberta do diagnóstico. O período da gravidez aparece como oportuno para o conhecimento da soropositividade para o HIV. A adesão ao tratamento no curso da gravidez é justificada pelo desejo de não transmitir a infecção ao filho. Descritores: soropositividade para HIV; psicologia social; gravidez; adesão à medicação. RESUMENObjetivo: la adhesión a la terapia antirretroviral a las mujeres embarazadas que viven con el VIH/SIDA y sus ventajas y limitaciones determinantes. Método: este enfoque cualitativo exploratorio descriptivo, mediante cuestionario de recogida de datos socioeconómicos y entrevistas abiertas en profundidad, análisis de contenido para establecer los temas. El estudio fue aprobado por la Ética en Investigación del Hospital de la Madre y el Niño (número de protocolo 023/07). Resultados: el material fue clasificado y agrupado en dos temas: el “VIH/SIDA: la infección por drásticamente en todo el mundo” y el “Embarazo y la Seropositividad: un reto que tiene solución”, cada una dividida en subcategorías para una mejor comprensión y análisis de datos. Conclusiones: el estudio presenta resultados consistentes con el perfil del VIH/SIDA en el país con respecto a la internalización, la pauperización y el descubrimiento del diagnóstico, lo que confirma el periodo de gestación en su caso al conocimiento de su estado serológico. Adherencia al tratamiento en el embarazo se justifica por el deseo de no transmitir la infección a su hijo. Descriptores: seropositividad para VIH; psicología social; embarazo; cumplimiento de la medicación.

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Soto Blanco, José M., Isabel Ruiz Pérez, and Joan C. March. "Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected prison inmates (Spain)." International Journal of STD & AIDS 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462053057503.

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This cross-sectional study was carried out in two Spanish prisons. A group of 177 HIV-infected prison inmates were interviewed. Standardized personal interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted to assess sociodemographic features and prison setting characteristics, clinical variables, social support and drug consumption. A simplified four-item questionnaire for self-reported adherence was used. A total of 24.3% were non-adherent. Predictors of non-adherence in the multivariate analysis included poor or lack of ability to follow the prescribed treatment regimen, no visits in a month, anxious and/or depressed mood, difficulty in taking medication, receiving methadone treatment, cannabis consumption and robbery as the reason for imprisonment. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy was higher than in the wider community. However, other variables related to the correctional setting, such as assignments within the facility, adaptability of the prison system to authorize the cell being opened in the event of missed medication, or legal situation had no effect on adherence for inmates with HIV disease.

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Naar-king, S., M. Frey, M. Harris, and C. Arfken. "Measuring adherence to treatment of paediatric HIV/AIDS." AIDS Care 17, no. 3 (April 2005): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120412331299753.

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Ka'opua, L. S. I., and C. W. Mueller. "Treatment Adherence among Native Hawaiians Living with HIV." Social Work 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/49.1.55.

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Curtis, Jena Nicols. "HIV/AIDS Adherence: Teaching About Treatment and Stigma." American Journal of Sexuality Education 3, no. 1 (May 27, 2007): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j455v03n01_06.

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Södergård, B., M. Halvarsson, M. P. Tully, S. Mindouri, M. L. Nordström, S. Lindbäck, A. Sönnerborg, and Å. K. Lindblad. "Adherence to treatment in Swedish HIV-infected patients." Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 31, no. 6 (December 2006): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2710.2006.00782.x.

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Johnson, Mallory O., Samantha E. Dilworth, Jonelle M. Taylor, Lynae A. Darbes, Megan L. Comfort, and Torsten B. Neilands. "Primary Relationships, HIV Treatment Adherence, and Virologic Control." AIDS and Behavior 16, no. 6 (August 3, 2011): 1511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-011-0021-0.

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Vian, Taryn, Mary Bachman DeSilva, Howard J. Cabral, Geoffrey C. Williams, Allen L. Gifford, Li Zhong, Wubin Xie, Christopher J. Gill, and Lora L. Sabin. "The role of motivation in predicting antiretroviral therapy adherence in China." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 14 (October 17, 2016): 1895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316672922.

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Patient motivation is important in managing medication regimens such as antiretroviral treatment for HIV/AIDS. We tested whether self-determination theory could predict adherence behavior among 115 HIV-positive patients in the China Adherence through Technology Study, a randomized controlled trial of an intervention using text reminders and supportive counseling to increase adherence. Being in the treatment group had a significant effect on improving adherence; however, we did not find evidence that self-determination theory predicts adherence in this population of HIV-positive patients. Autonomous motivation was strongly associated with perceived competence; among low adherers, external regulation was negatively correlated with adherence.

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Yusmaniar, Yusmaniar, and Adin H. Kurniawan. "Medication Adherence to Successful Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome among TB/HIV Patient at Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital." Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research 5, no. 3 (December 11, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15416/pcpr.v5i3.29166.

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Tuberculosis/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (TB/HIV) co-infection has poorer treatment outcome compared to non-co-infected patients. To benefit from therapy and to avoid contracting treatment-resistant strains, the individuals must adherent to medications. There is limited information regarding successful TB treatment outcomes and their associated factors. Thus, the study was designed to identify medication adherence associated with treatment outcomes among TB/HIV Patients at Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital. This research was an observational study with retrospective approach from January 2015 to December 2017 by taking data from medical records and TB-01 form of TB/HIV patients in the outpatient clinic of the disease which would be used as a sample. Regarding compliance in treatment with first visit for 2-4 months, an approach using secondary data which were TB-01 Form, as well as HIV Care and Antiretroviral Therapy summary forms was used. The statistical analysis used was the bivariate analysis with the chi-square test as the statistical test. A total of 114 patients were included in the study. The outcome of treatment success obtained from this study had a patient cure rate of 91.30%. There is a significant relationship between medication adherence to successful tuberculosis treatment outcome with p-value= 0.012; OR= 5.684. There is a meaningful relation between medication compliance with treatment outcome. It is when on medication adherence, the treatment results can be declared cured in accordance with predetermined criteria, while when not on medication adherence, the treatment results are not declared cured.

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Mallya, Sneha Deepak, Veena Ganesh Kamath, Suma Nair, and Asha Kamath. "DOES PROVIDING FREE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY ENSURE OPTIMAL ADHERENCE AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV / AIDS?" Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.14019.

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AbstractIntroduction/Back ground: Availability of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) has revolutionalised the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus /Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and improved the survival of those infected with the virus. However, adherence to therapy is a prerequisite for treatment success and preventing drug resistance. Aim: The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the level of adherence and factors affecting it among patients receiving free ART. Methods: A cross sectional study design was adopted and 320 HIV positive patients receiving free ART from a district hospital in Udupi were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Adherence to ART >95% of the prescribed medication was used as the cut off for deciding on the treatment adherence. Results: An encouragingly high 96.9% of the individuals were adherent to the medication over the past month. However, 41.8% of the participants reported to have ever missed doses of ART. On univariate analysis, having ever consumed alcohol, absence of side effects such as fatigue and tingling/numbness, having a feeling of sadness and sleep disturbances, being on Efavirenz based regimen, non-disclosure HIV status, being unsure of continuing lifelong treatment were significantly associated with non-adherence (p<0.05).Conclusion: Although non adherence was of concern among a small proportion of participants, a large number of them reported to have ever missed doses of ART. This finding suggests that adherence rate may be lower over longer periods of time. Hence, periodic assessments may address patient specific barriers and help to improve the adherence rate among this population.

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Olugbenga, Ijaodola Aremu. "Determinants of HIV Treatment Adherence in Ethnically Diverse and Economically Disadvantaged Patients in a Tertiary Hospital, Nigeria." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.09.02.art031.

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Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Has Decreased The Mortality And Morbidity Of HIV/AIDS, And High Adherence To ART (>95%) Is Necessary For A Good Therapeutic Outcome. Non-Adherence Can Lead To Drug-Resistant HIV Caused By Failure To Achieve Maximal Viral Suppression. Little Is Known About Adherence To ART And Its Determinants Among Ethnically Diverse And Economically Disadvantaged Patients. The Purpose Of The Study Was To Identify The Level Of Adherence And Describe Factors That Influence ART Adherence Among Ethnically Diverse And Economically Disadvantaged Patients. This Is With A View To Providing Information That Could Help Health Care Providers Understand Patient Motivations For Discontinuing Their Antiretroviral Treatment And Helping Patients Collaboratively Develop Treatment Regimens That Facilitate Adherence And Optimize The Outcomes Of HIV/AIDS Therapy. A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Survey Was Used. Data Were Collected Among 400 HIV-Infected Patients On ARV Who Received Pretreatment And Ongoing Adherence Counseling And Education Since 2010 Using A Self-Administered Questionnaire. The Data Were Analyzed Using Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings Showed That The Self-Reported Adherence To The Specific Timing For Taking The Medications (Medication Schedule) Was Significantly Low (8.3%). The Major Factors For Non-Adherence To Medication Reported In This Study Were Being Busy At Work Or School, Forgetfulness, Fasting And Travelling Away From Home. Also, Employment Status Was Associated With Poor Adherence, Which May Be Corroborated By The Major Reason For Non-Adherence (Busy At Work Or School). This Study Is One Of The First Steps In The Exploration Of The Relationship Of Factors Responsible And Medication Adherence Among HIV Patients. This Study Used Three Different Measures Of Medication Adherence. These Are Patients’ Knowledge Of The Benefits Of Taking The Drugs, Adherence To A Medication Schedule, And The Number Of Prescribed Doses Of Medications Missed. Health Care Providers Must Identify Possible Barriers To Adherence At The Earliest And Provide Appropriate Solutions. These Factors Should Be Considered When Designing And Implementing Adherence Interventions.

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Subbiah, Suthanthira Kannan, Suganya Kuppovi Reddy, Jayakrishnan Thavody, and Thomas Bina. "Prevalence and factors associated with adherence to highly active anti-retroviral therapy among patients living with HIV and AIDS in a tertiary care unit in Kozhikode." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 3223. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203404.

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Background: Adherence to therapy is central to the success of anti-retroviral treatment (ART) and one of the most important factors influencing long term prognosis of HIV infection. In order to achieve this, patients are required to maintain more than 95% adherence to achieve lasting suppression of viral replication. The objective of the study was to assess the adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and the factors associated with adherence.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among PLHIV patients attending ART clinic, government medical college, Kozhikode from June 2015 to 2016. Adherence was estimated using modified Morisky 8 items questionnaire. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to study various associated factors by interview method.Results: Of the 265 patients, the majority 246 (92.8%) were found to be treatment adherent and 19 (7.2%) were non-adherent. Most of the study population were in the age group 31-45 years and majority of the PLHIV were taking first line fixed dose regimens. Factors such as the early stage of the disease, using a method to remember, disclosure status, involvement in social activities, regular visit to ART clinic, financial and emotional support, involvement in social activities and HIV in the family were found be positively associated with adherence.Conclusions: Our study had found that a cordial environment in the ART centre will improve adherence and factors such as strong patient-provider relationship, including trust and engagement with the provider, which helps in improving ART adherence.

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Farhoudi, Behnam, Amin Alipour, Saeed Ghodrati, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Mehrangiz Zanganeh, and Minoo Mohraz. "Barriers to Adherence of Antiretroviral Treatment in a Prison of Tehran: A Qualitative Study." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 6 (November 30, 2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n6p161.

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Focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted on Ghezel-hesar prison of Karaj, Alborz province, to investigate the barriers to and facilitators of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in January, 2015.<strong> </strong> Participants reported illegal drug use, deficits in educating patients regarding HIV treatment, side effects of anti-retroviral drugs, treatment interruption, drug interactions, fear of hangover, poor diet, low socioeconomic background, hopelessness, depression, not believing in the treatment, rejection and lack of social support, stigma, obligatory break in the prison yard, lack of tendency toward visiting psychiatrists, lack of family support, forgetfulness, and not receiving complementary drugs as the barriers to adherence to ART. In addition, the facilitators of the treatment included physician-patient good communication, physician's compassion, providing patients with counseling services, educating patients regarding HIV treatment necessity, peer education, informing patients of CD4 level, educating correctional staffs in treating patients with courtesy, providing methadone on time, and improving patients' diet. Providing HIV-infected inmates with welfare programs and educating them regarding the adherence to ART may play a prominent role in the HIV treatment among HIV-infected inmates. Training correctional staffs concerning the significance of HIV treatment and adherence to ART can also be effective in the treatment of HIV-infected prisoners.

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Hernández Huerta, D., C. Parro Torres, A. Madoz Gúrpide, E. Ochoa Mangado, and M. J. Pérez Elias. "Relationship between executive functions and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S368—S369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1321.

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IntroductionHIV-related damage of the central nervous system is manifested in varying severity of neurocognitive disturbances. Research on measures of executive functioning has confirmed that HIV infection is associated with progressive difficulties in these abilities. Moreover, several studies in recent years have shown that an impaired cognitive function confers a higher risk of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy.Objectives/AimsThe aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between executive functions and ART compliance.MethodsWe designed a cross-sectional case-control survey. Cases were defined as HIV-infected patients who missing at least 10% intakes in the last year (reported by hospital pharmacy) and self-reported non-adherence by Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ). Controls were defined as HIV-infected patients who accomplishing at least last 95% intakes in the last year (reported by hospital pharmacy), and self-reported adherence by SMAQ. Patients with adherences between 90–95% were not included. Executive functions were evaluated with Wisconsin Sorting Card Test. Linear regression was employed as statistical analysis. Results were adjusted for follow-up years. Wisconsin score was already adjusted for gender, age and education level when data were corrected.ResultsOur sample was compound by 63 patients: 37 controls and 26 cases. A statistical signification (P < 0.05) was found for total correct, total errors, perseverative responses, perseverative errors, conceptual level responses and trials to complete first category score between adherence and non-adherence treatment patients.ConclusionsIn our sample worse executive function score, measured by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, was linked to poor adherence to antiretroviral treatment in HIV patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Reid, E., C. Orrell, K. Stoloff, and J. Joska. "Psychotropic prescribing in HIV." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 13, no. 4 (October 4, 2012): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v13i4.115.

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Psychiatric disorders frequently co-occur with HIV, as preceding conditions or consequent to HIV infection. This potentially compromises HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral (ARV) treatment adherence. We provide a brief guide to the diagnosis and treatment of common mental disorders in people living with HIV/AIDS, including: prescribing psychotropics in HIV; neuropsychiatric side-effects of ARVs and other medications commonly prescribed in HIV; and the diagnosis and treatment of depression, anxiety, psychosis, agitation, sleep disturbance, pain, and mania. Psychotropic treatments recommended were drawn primarily from those available in the public sector of South Africa.

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Moorthy, Ganesh S., Linden Lalley-Chareczko, Helen C. Koenig, and Athena F. Zuppa. "Tenofovir Urine Assay to Monitor Adherence to HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis." Current Clinical Pharmacology 15, no. 2 (October 14, 2020): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574884714666191111125348.

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Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) are prodrugs of tenofovir and have excellent long-term efficacy and tolerability for the treatment of HIV. An objective marker of adherence to tenofovir-based therapy could be clinically useful in supporting adherence to TDF-based HIV pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in populations in whom, self-report has been shown to be unreliable, and could play a role in resource-limited settings to support HIV and hepatitis B treatment adherence. A semi-quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographymass spectrometry method for tenofovir quantification of urine samples was developed. This assay detects tenofovir concentration in log10 levels between 1 and 10,000 ng/mL, and was shown to distinguish between recent adherence and low/non-adherence to both TDF and TAF, with a concentration of >1000 ng/mL, highly predictive of medication ingestion in the last 24-48 hours. This assay was validated relative to other markers of adherence including dried blood spot and selfreport in a highly adherent population of PrEP patients, and tenofovir was shown to be stable at room temperature in urine for at least 14 days. The assay was successfully used in a clinical setting to maintain high PrEP adherence and retention in care of 50 young men who have sex with men (MSM) over 48 weeks, to assess PrEP adherence in youth with mental health conditions, and to monitor drug levels relative to plasma levels in a case study of chewed TDF/FTC (tenofovir/emtricitabine) for PrEP. Further studies are underway to implement the tenofovir urine assay to monitor adherence and pre-exposure prophylaxis, nationally and internationally.

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Cadosch, Dominique, Sebastian Bonhoeffer, and Roger Kouyos. "Assessing the impact of adherence to anti-retroviral therapy on treatment failure and resistance evolution in HIV." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 74 (March 14, 2012): 2309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0127.

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The adherence of patients to therapy is a crucial factor for successful HIV anti-retroviral therapy. Imperfect adherence may lead to treatment failure, which can cause the emergence of resistance within viral populations. We have developed a stochastic model that incorporates compartments of latently infected cells and virus genotypes with different susceptibilities to three simultaneously used drugs. With this model, we study the impact of several key parameters on the probability of treatment failure, i.e. insufficient viral suppression, and the emergence of resistance. Specifically, we consider the impact of drug dosage, drug half-lives, fitness costs for resistance, different basic reproductive numbers of the virus and the influence of pre-existing mutations under various levels of adherence. Furthermore, we also investigate the influence of different temporal distributions of non-adherent days (drug holidays) during a treatment. Factors that promote resistance evolution include a high reproductive number, extended drug holidays and poor adherence. Pre-existing mutations only have a substantial effect if they confer resistance against more than one drug. Overall, our study highlights the importance of the interactions between imperfect adherence, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and latently infected cells for our understanding of drug resistance and therapy failure in HIV anti-retroviral therapy.

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Dumitrescu, Florentina, and Eugenia-Andreea Marcu. "RISK OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION IN HIV-HEPATITIS B VIRUS COINFECTION." Romanian Journal of Infectious Diseases 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2021.2.8.

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Introduction. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are two major causes of death worldwide. These two viruses share routes of transmission, and therefore, HIV–HBV coinfection is common and is associated with low plasma levels of CD4 T lymphocytes and accelerated liver disease progression. Maternal HIV and HBV infections have been individually associated with preterm birth and low birth weight. Case presentation. We describe the case of a 28-year-old patient, 14 weeks pregnant, asymptomatic, who performed Elisa-HIV 1,2 test within prenatal screening, with a positive result, in 2018. From the medical history, we mention that the patient is known for about 5 years with HBV-hepatitis D virus coinfection, for which she underwent interferon treatment for a year. ART was initiated after one month with lamivudine / zidovudine + lopinavir / ritonavir. The patient was adherent to ART (adherence ≥ 95%) during pregnancy. Before birth, the immunovirological evaluation revealed the suppression of maternal HIV viral load, a moderate degree of immunosuppression and undetectable HBV-DNA. The patient gave birth by caesarean section to a female child, with a gestational age of 36 weeks, birth weight of 1730 g, lenght = 43 cm, head circumference = 30 cm, APGAR score = 8 points. The child received antiretroviral prophylaxis with retrovir+epivir, human hepatitis B immunoglobulin and was vaccinated against hepatitis B. The newborn was not vertically infected with HIV and HBV. Conclusions. Good adherence to ART during pregnancy has been associated with HIV viral load and HBV-DNA suppression and it led to the birth of a child who has not been infected with HIV or HBV. Maternal HIV-HBV coinfection was a significant risk factor for preterm birth and low birth weight.

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Schreiner, Nathanial, Joseph Perazzo, Sarah Digenarro, Jackson Currie, Barbara Daly, and Allison Webel. "Examining the Association between Item Specific Treatment Burden and Adherence in People Living with HIV." Western Journal of Nursing Research 42, no. 7 (October 4, 2019): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945919880317.

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For the 1.1 million people with HIV (PWH) in the United States, adherence to a HIV anti-retroviral medication regimen, engagement in regular physical activity, and eating a healthy diet are essential for maintaining optimal health. However, treatment burden can increase the risk for self-management non-adherence. We analyzed data of 103 men and women diagnosed with HIV to examine the relationship between medication, physical activity, and diet-related treatment burden to corresponding measures of self-management adherence. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that one medication treatment burden item explained 11% (p=.01) of self-reported 30-day HIV anti-retroviral medication adherence; physical activity treatment burden, along with physical functioning, explained 25% (p<.001) of physical activity, measured by daily average steps; and diet-specific treatment burden was non-significant in maintaining a healthy diet, measured by a total Healthy Eating Index-2010 score. Findings demonstrate that specific treatment burden items can predict specific self-management outcome behavior in PWH.

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Ekama, S. O., E. C. Herbertson, E. J. Addeh, C. V. Gab-Okafor, D. I. Onwujekwe, F. Tayo, and O. C. Ezechi. "Pattern and Determinants of Antiretroviral Drug Adherence among Nigerian Pregnant Women." Journal of Pregnancy 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/851810.

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Background. The need for a high level of adherence to antiretroviral drugs has remained a major hurdle to achieving maximal benefit from its use in pregnancy. This study was designed to determine the level of adherence and identify factors that influence adherence during pregnancy.Method. This is a cross-sectional study utilizing a semistructured questionnaire. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine factors independently associated with good drug adherence during pregnancy.Result. 137 (80.6%) of the interviewed 170 women achieved adherence level of ≥95% using 3 day recall. The desire to protect the unborn child was the greatest motivation (51.8%) for good adherence. Fear of being identified as HIV positive (63.6%) was the most common reason for nonadherence. Marital status, disclosure of HIV status, good knowledge of ART, and having a treatment supporter were found to be significantly associated with good adherence at bivariate analysis. However, after controlling for confounders, only HIV status disclosure and having a treatment partner retained their association with good adherence.Conclusion. Disclosure of HIV status and having treatment support are associated with good adherence. Maternal desire to protect the child was the greatest motivator for adherence.

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Isaeva, E. R., A. D. Buzunova, and S. A. Buzunova. "PROBLEMS OF DISABILITY AND TREATMENT ADHERENCE IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS." Scientific Notes of the I. P. Pavlov St. Petersburg State Medical University 25, no. 3 (December 25, 2018): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1607-4181-2018-25-3-80-88.

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Abstract:

Introduction.This study focuses on the problem of early disability of patients with HIV-infection and treatment adherence and dispensary observation. Material and methods. The clinical and anamnestic analysis of 1136 out-patient records and medical records of patients registered at Saint-Petersburg State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare “Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases” and directed at medical and social examination was carried out. In addition, using the test methods we investigated the psychosocial characteristics of 76 patients who applied to the psychologist before the beginning of antiretroviral therapy, and assessed the treatment adherence a year after the start of treatment.Results.The results of the study indicated the increase in the proportion of patients at advanced stages of the disease, increased detection of HIV in older age groups. Late diagnosis of the disease is the cause of temporary disability and early disability of patients with HIV infection. The dynamics of the number of disabled persons due to HIV infection increasing. Men need more time to decide on dispensary care than women. The majority of patients with are men of working age, identified or sought medical care at the late stages of the disease. Women are more attentive to their health and have more complex treatment adherence than men. The interrelations of psychological and somatic characteristics with the level of adherence to medical recommendations were found.

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Journal articles on the topic 'HIV treatment adherence'

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