Relevant bibliographies by topics / HIV (Viruses) – Treatment – Namibia

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'HIV (Viruses) – Treatment – Namibia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'HIV (Viruses) – Treatment – Namibia.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "HIV (Viruses) – Treatment – Namibia"

1

Schellekens, Onno P., Ingrid de Beer, Marianne E. Lindner, Michele van Vugt, Peter Schellekens, and Tobias F. Rinke de Wit. "Innovation In Namibia: Preserving Private Health Insurance And HIV/AIDS Treatment." Health Affairs 28, no. 6 (November 2009): 1799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.28.6.1799.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Low, Andrea, Karam Sachathep, George Rutherford, Anne-Marie Nitschke, Adam Wolkon, Karen Banda, Leigh Ann Miller, et al. "Migration in Namibia and its association with HIV acquisition and treatment outcomes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): e0256865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256865.

Full text
Abstract:
Background In the 21st century, understanding how population migration impacts human health is critical. Namibia has high migration rates and HIV prevalence, but little is known about how these intersect. We examined the association between migration and HIV-related outcomes using data from the 2017 Namibia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (NAMPHIA). Methods and findings The NAMPHIA survey selected a nationally representative sample of adults in 2017. All adults aged 15–64 years were invited to complete an interview and home-based HIV test. Recent infection (<130 days) was measured using HIV-1 LAg avidity combined with viral load (>1000 copies/mL) and antiretroviral analyte data. Awareness of HIV status and antiretroviral use were based on self-report and/or detectable antiretrovirals in blood. Viremia was defined as having a viral load ≥1000 copies/mL, including all participants in the denominator regardless of serostatus. We generated community viremia values as a weighted proportion at the EA level, excluding those classified as recently infected. Significant migrants were those who had lived outside their current region or away from home >one month in the past three years. Recent cross-community in-migrants were those who had moved to the community <two years ago. Separate analyses were done to compare significant migrants to non-migrants and recent cross-community in-migrants to those who in-migrated >two years ago to determine the association of migration and timing with recent infection or viral load suppression (VLS). All proportions are weighted. Of eligible adults, we had HIV results and migration data on 9,625 (83.9%) of 11,474 women and 7,291 (73.0%) of 9,990 men. Most respondents (62.5%) reported significant migration. Of cross-community in-migrants, 15.3% were recent. HIV prevalence was 12.6% and did not differ by migration status. Population VLS was 77.4%. Recent cross-community in-migration was associated with recent HIV infection (aOR: 4.01, 95% CI 0.99–16.22) after adjusting for community viremia. Significant migration (aOR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.97) and recent cross-community in-migration (aOR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35–0.92) were associated with lower VLS, primarily due to lack of awareness of HIV infection. The study was limited by lack of precise data on trajectory of migration. Conclusions Despite a high population-level VLS, Namibia still has migrant populations that are not accessing effective treatment for HIV. Targeting migrants with effective prevention and testing programs in communities with viremia could enable further epidemic control.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hong, Steven Y., Laimi S. N. Ashipala, Leonard Bikinesi, Ndapewa Hamunime, Jacques W. N. Kamangu, Ashley Boylan, Edwin Sithole, et al. "Rapid Adaptation of HIV Treatment Programs in Response to COVID-19 — Namibia, 2020." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 69, no. 42 (October 23, 2020): 1549–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6942a6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Baxen, Jean, and Emilie Haipinge. "School experiences of HIV-positive secondary school learners on ARV treatment in Namibia." International Journal of Educational Development 41 (March 2015): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.11.002.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kidder, Daniel P., Pam Bachanas, Amy Medley, Sherri Pals, Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Marta Ackers, Andrea Howard, et al. "HIV Prevention in Care and Treatment Settings: Baseline Risk Behaviors among HIV Patients in Kenya, Namibia, and Tanzania." PLoS ONE 8, no. 2 (February 25, 2013): e57215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057215.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Seeling, Stefanie, Farai Mavhunga, Albertina Thomas, Bettina Adelberger, and Timo Ulrichs. "Barriers to access to antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive tuberculosis patients in Windhoek, Namibia." International Journal of Mycobacteriology 3, no. 4 (December 2014): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.07.009.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Andrade, Viviane M., Carla Mavian, Dunja Babic, Thaissa Cordeiro, Mark Sharkey, Labelle Barrios, Christian Brander, et al. "A minor population of macrophage-tropic HIV-1 variants is identified in recrudescing viremia following analytic treatment interruption." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 18 (April 16, 2020): 9981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917034117.

Full text
Abstract:
HIV-1 persists in cellular reservoirs that can reignite viremia if antiretroviral therapy (ART) is interrupted. Therefore, insight into the nature of those reservoirs may be revealed from the composition of recrudescing viremia following treatment cessation. A minor population of macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) viruses was identified in a library of recombinant viruses constructed with individual envelope genes that were obtained from plasma of six individuals undergoing analytic treatment interruption (ATI). M-tropic viruses could also be enriched from post-ATI plasma using macrophage-specific (CD14) but not CD4+ T cell-specific (CD3) antibodies, suggesting that M-tropic viruses had a macrophage origin. Molecular clock analysis indicated that the establishment of M-tropic HIV-1 variants predated ATI. Collectively, these data suggest that macrophages are a viral reservoir in HIV-1–infected individuals on effective ART and that M-tropic variants can appear in rebounding viremia when treatment is interrupted. These findings have implications for the design of curative strategies for HIV-1.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Fletcher, Courtney V. "Treatment of Herpesvirus Infections in Hiv-Infected Individuals." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, no. 7-8 (July 1992): 955–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600720.

Full text
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: To discuss strategies available for the treatment of herpesvirus infections in individuals infected with HIV. DATA SOURCES: Information was obtained from controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials, abstracts, conference proceedings, and review articles. STUDY SELECTION: Emphasis was placed on controlled investigations in subjects infected with HIV. DATA EXTRACTION: Data from human studies were extracted by the author and evaluated according to the patient population studied, sample size, dosage regimen, and therapeutic response. DATA SYNTHESIS: Herpes group viruses are common opportunistic pathogens in HIV-infected individuals. Zoster, caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), is an early indication of the loss of cell-mediated immunity and HIV disease progression. Anorectal mucocutaneous disease is the most common manifestation caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). Acyclovir is the drug of choice for treatment of both VZV and HSV infections. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common life-threatening viral infection in patients with AIDS; retinitis is the most frequent clinical manifestation. The response rate of CMV retinitis to initial treatment with either ganciclovir or foscarnet is equivalent, approximately 60–90 percent. Recent data suggest that the survival benefit may be greater with foscarnet. CONCLUSIONS: Advances in the development and application of antiviral drugs for herpes group viruses have made treatment and, in some cases, prevention of infections possible. Future efforts, aimed at earlier intervention and suppression of latent virus, may offer additional improvement in quality of life for the HIV-infected individual.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Lu, Ching-Lan, Joy A. Pai, Lilian Nogueira, Pilar Mendoza, Henning Gruell, Thiago Y. Oliveira, John Barton, et al. "Relationship between intact HIV-1 proviruses in circulating CD4+ T cells and rebound viruses emerging during treatment interruption." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 48 (November 12, 2018): E11341—E11348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813512115.

Full text
Abstract:
Combination antiretroviral therapy controls but does not cure HIV-1 infection because a small fraction of cells harbor latent viruses that can produce rebound viremia when therapy is interrupted. The circulating latent virus reservoir has been documented by a variety of methods, most prominently by viral outgrowth assays (VOAs) in which CD4+ T cells are activated to produce virus in vitro, or more recently by amplifying proviral near full-length (NFL) sequences from DNA. Analysis of samples obtained in clinical studies in which individuals underwent analytical treatment interruption (ATI), showed little if any overlap between circulating latent viruses obtained from outgrowth cultures and rebound viruses from plasma. To determine whether intact proviruses amplified from DNA are more closely related to rebound viruses than those obtained from VOAs, we assayed 12 individuals who underwent ATI after infusion of a combination of two monoclonal anti–HIV-1 antibodies. A total of 435 intact proviruses obtained by NFL sequencing were compared with 650 latent viruses from VOAs and 246 plasma rebound viruses. Although, intact NFL and outgrowth culture sequences showed similar levels of stability and diversity with 39% overlap, the size of the reservoir estimated from NFL sequencing was larger than and did not correlate with VOAs. Finally, intact proviruses documented by NFL sequencing showed no sequence overlap with rebound viruses; however, they appear to contribute to recombinant viruses found in plasma during rebound.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Goh, Gerard, A. Dunker, James Foster, and Vladimir Uversky. "HIV Vaccine Mystery and Viral Shell Disorder." Biomolecules 9, no. 5 (May 8, 2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9050178.

Full text
Abstract:
Hundreds of billions of dollars have been spent for over three decades in the search for an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine with no success. There are also at least two other sexually transmitted viruses, for which no vaccine is available, the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Traditional textbook explanatory paradigm of rapid mutation of retroviruses cannot adequately address the unavailability of vaccine for many sexually transmissible viruses, since HSV and HCV are DNA and non-retroviral RNA viruses, respectively, whereas effective vaccine for the horsefly-transmitted retroviral cousin of HIV, equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), was found in 1973. We reported earlier the highly disordered nature of proteins in outer shells of the HIV, HCV, and HSV. Such levels of disorder are completely absent among the classical viruses, such as smallpox, rabies, yellow fever, and polio viruses, for which efficient vaccines were discovered. This review analyzes the physiology and shell disorder of the various related and non-related viruses to argue that EIAV and the classical viruses need harder shells to survive during harsher conditions of non-sexual transmissions, thus making them vulnerable to antibody detection and neutralization. In contrast, the outer shell of the HIV-1 (with its preferential sexual transmission) is highly disordered, thereby allowing large scale motions of its surface glycoproteins and making it difficult for antibodies to bind to them. The theoretical underpinning of this concept is retrospectively traced to a classical 1920s experiment by the legendary scientist, Oswald Avery. This concept of viral shapeshifting has implications for improved treatment of cancer and infections via immune evasion.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HIV (Viruses) – Treatment – Namibia"

1

Njiba, Jessica Tshiosha. "Access to HIV treatment for refugees : case study of South Africa and Uganda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5296.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Pace, Craig Stuart. "The influence of APOBEC3G and deoxythymidylate kinase genetic diversity on HIV-1 hypermutation and response to treatment." Pace, Craig Stuart (2006) The influence of APOBEC3G and deoxythymidylate kinase genetic diversity on HIV-1 hypermutation and response to treatment. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/242/.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis addresses two important topics in HIV-1 medicine; (i) the clinical relevance of pre-treatment G-A hypermutation and the contribution of host and viral genetics to its development and; (ii) the influence of genetic variation in host enzymes responsible for antiretroviral drug metabolism on response to therapy. These themes are outlined below. HIV-1 Hypermutation At present, limited data exists regarding the relative roles of host encoded cytidine deaminases APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F in promoting G-A hypermutation of HIV-1 proviral DNA in vivo, nor the clinical relevance of hypermutation or the influence of genetic diversity of the APOBEC3G locus and of the viral encoded vif protein that counteracts the action of APOBEC3G. The analyses contained within this thesis demonstrate that within the WA HIV cohort, clinically relevant hypermutation is restricted to a minority of individuals and is mediated predominantly by APOBEC3G. In this study, the presence of HIV-1 hypermutation had a substantially greater effect on plasma viremia than other known host antiviral factors such as CCR5D32 or specific HLA-B alleles. Furthermore, the considerable genetic diversity of the vif gene is likely to make a greater contribution to the development of hypermutation than the limited genetic diversity of the APOBEC3G gene in Caucasians. These data indicate that G-A hypermutation is a clinically relevant phenomenon and may provide a fresh perspective to the area of HIV/AIDS therapies. Genetic Determinant of HIV-1 Treatment Response Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) and thymidylate kinase (dTMPK) are rate limiting enzymes for the metabolism of the antiretrovirals d4T and AZT, respectively, and are thus central to the antiviral efficacy and toxicity of these agents. However, the genetic diversity of TK2 and dTMPK and their influence on toxicities associated with their use is largely unknown. The results discussed in this thesis indicate that in contrast to the highly conserved TK2 locus, the dTMPK locus of Caucasian individuals, including regulatory regions potentially influencing transcription and translation, is considerably polymorphic and organised into five common haplotypes. The results regarding the contribution of dTMPK genetic variation to toxicities associated with AZT therapy are encouraging. A common dTMPK haplotype had significant, albeit modest, effect on haematological parameters (haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume) in HIV-infected patients, although no AZT-specific treatment effect was observed in this relatively haematologically stable cohort. In addition, another common dTMPK haplotype provided significant protection against AZT-induced adipocyte mtDNA depletion in a pilot study of AZT- and d4T-treated individuals. The dTMPK haplotypes characterised in this thesis should facilitate further studies regarding dTMPK genetic variation in HIV-1 infection and response to treatment, which are warranted from the clinical results presented herein.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Matengu, Barbara. "The importance of STI treatment in HIV prevention: knowledge and behaviours of secondary school students in Tsumeb, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8923_1182746437.

Full text
Abstract:

Curricula should be strengthened by teaching the curability of STIs and the importance of STI treatment to prevent HIV transmission. This study focused on the control of sexually transmitted infections as a key HIV prevention strategy. Sexually transmitted infections act as a strong cofactor in the sexual transmission of HIV. Effective STI management can limit the spread of HIV.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Nashandi, Johanna Christa Ndilimeke. "Experiences and coping strategies of women living with HIV/AIDS: case study of Khomas region, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

Full text
Abstract:
This study focuses on the impact of HIV/AIDS on women in Namibia. Namibia, with a population of only 1.7 million people, is ranked as the seventh highest country in the world in terms of HIV/AIDS infections. The percentage of women living with HIV/AIDS in Namibia accounts for 54% of the total of 68 196 people in the country living with the virus. Women are also diagnosed with the disease at a younger age (30) in comparison to their male counterparts (35 years). Desoite their needs, women living with HIV/AIDS bear a triple burden of caring for those living with HIV/AIDS, caring for themselves and coping with the responses to their infection. There are few focused intervention strategies to support and care for women living with HIV/AIDS in Namibia.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Marais, Melanie. "A descriptive study to evaluate the effect of guidelines used by counsellors to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the private sector." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Hutchinson, Angela Blair. "A health technology assessment of HIV counseling and testing technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8077.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Haipinge, Emilie. "An investigation into the school experiences of HIV-positive secondary school learners on ARV treatment in Katutura, Windhoek." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004334.

Full text
Abstract:
What are the school experiences of HIV-positive secondary school learners on ARV treatment? Although the provision of life-saving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment is central in the medical and policy response to the HIV pandemic, relatively little research (in the SADC region and in Namibia particularly) attends to people’s experiences and the social effects of taking ARV treatment. This study probed the experiences of high school learners on ARV treatment in Khomas Region, Namibia. As researcher I used a qualitative case study design based mainly on interviews with a purposive, select sample of eight learners at the school where I am a teacher-counsellor. Methods used also included: observations; focus group interviews with eight teachers at the site school; a questionnaire survey with Life Skills teachers from 25 schools in the Khomas Region; and document analysis. Using a theory of health-related stigma and discrimination as well as perspectives on resilience and agency as conceptual and analytical lenses, this study found that only a handful of these learners were living openly with HIV and AIDS. Being both HIV-positive and on ARV medication was a double bind for learners facing pervasive stigma and discrimination in and out of school. Discourses associated with HIV and AIDS, sex, and sexuality shaped people’s response to them and they feared being ‘caught out’. Here the study explores the complex reciprocal relationship between cause and effect in stigma, showing some consequences for these learners: isolation (both voluntary and imposed), mental anguish, depression and suicidal leanings; also (at school) absenteeism, grade repetition and dropout. Distinguishing stigma from discrimination in this study enabled insight into actual practices that constrain learner participation and inclusion in and out of school. Trust between learners on ARVs and teachers proved to be low. Teacher respondents not only felt unequipped to deal with the psychosocial needs of learners on ARVs but also indicated that confronting these needs animated their personal vulnerability (around HIV-related experiences in their own families). However, hopeful patterns also emerged. Some mediatory factors out of school shaped these learners’ experiences and identities positively, with implications for in-school experiences and participation. Some learner journeys reflected shifts from deep despair towards the emergence of voice, positive self-concepts and resilient dispositions. Here, also, this study enters a neglected area of research, showing how the complex interplay of learners’ own agency with social support brought these positive outcomes. Most learners had experienced rejection from immediate family, receiving support rather from community members who became ‘family’. The study thus also raises pressing questions on the nature of support structures (both in and out of school) in contexts shaped by HIV and AIDS, where stigma and discrimination are pervasive and where stable family structures, parental oversight and ‘normal’ progression through school cannot be assumed. It recommends that schools gain better insight into how learners’ circumstances shape their experiences, and develop internal policies, procedures and networks to reduce stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive learners on ARV treatment, as well as. ensuring material, medical, emotional, and psychological support for them.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ketwaroo, Bibi Farahnaz K. "Detection of positive selection resulting from Nevirapine treatment in longitudinal HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sequences." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7052_1182227727.

Full text
Abstract:

Nevirapine (NVP) is a cheap anti-retroviral drug used in poor countries worldwide, administered to pregnant women at the onset of labour to inhibit HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase. Viruses which may get transmitted to newborns are deficient in this enzyme, and HIV-1 infection cannot be established, thereby preventing mother to child transmission (MTCT). In some cases, babies get infected and positive selection for viruses resistant to nevirapine may be inferred. Positive selection can be inferred from sequence data, when the rate of nonsynonymous substitutions is significantly greater than the rate of synonymous substitutions.

Unfortunately, it is found that available positive selection methods should not be used to analyse before- and after- NVP treatment sequence pairs associated with MTCT. Methods which use phylogenetic trees to infer positive selection trace synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions further back in time than the short time duration during which selection for NVP occurred. The other group of methods for inferring positive selection, the pairwise methods, do not have appreciable power, because they average susbtituion rates over all codons in a sequence pair and not just at single codons. We introduce a simple counting method which we call the Pairwise Homologous Codons (PHoCs) method with which we have inferred positive selection resulting from NVP treatment in longitudinal HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sequences. The PHoCs method estimates rates of substitutions between before- and after- NVP treatment codons, using a simple pairwise method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Vu, Phuong Thao. "Transmitted and acquired HIV drug resistence in Vietnam." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711876.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Liswaniso, Christine Mulemwa. "The effect of corruption on HIV/AIDS donor funds a case study of Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98121.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is qualitative research that aims to identify the effect of corruption on HIV/AIDS donor funds in Namibia in order to provide guidelines to policy makers in relations to the regulation of HIV/IDS donor funding. Henceforth, in–depth interviews with open ended questions were used with Government, civil society and donor agencies’ senior officials to obtain data. Additionally, institutional permission was granted from the identified institutions who participated in the research. An inductive analysis was used which required data to be categorised and developing themes from the data. Respondents reported lack of national donor specifications in the field of HIV/AIDS as a serious problem to donor funds in Namibia. However, respondents indicated their organisations had proper management systems in place which included, annual audits, sufficient personnel and monitoring and evaluation. Withdrawal of donor funding has been on the increase due to corrupt practices in some funded organisation and this is mostly affecting people living with HIV/AIDS. Respondent reported there is a need to strengthen the existing umbrella body and improve accountability. The findings of the study show the effect of corruption on HIV/AIDS donor funds in Namibia is the withdrawal of HIV/AIDS donor supports by several donor agencies which has led to numerous donor funded institutions closing down and a number of employee losing their employment. Lack of national HIV/AIDS donor specifications is viewed as a loophole for corruption for many funded organisations as there are no national accountability systems in place in relation to HIV/AIDS donor funds in Namibia.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie beskikbaar.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "HIV (Viruses) – Treatment – Namibia"

1

Thiemann, Lillian. The future of HIV treatment. New York: Community Prescription Service, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Munk, Robert J. Immune restoration in HIV. New York: Community Prescription Service, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Soul City Institute for Health and Development Communication. HIV and AIDS: Prevention, care and treatment. [Johannesburg]: Jacana Media, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Averitt, Dawn. Starting from scratch: HIV for beginners. New York: Community Prescription Service, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Ayisi, Nana. Sex, viruses, and grief. Accra, Ghana: Published for the University of Ghana by Ghana Universities Press, 2010.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Munk, Robert J. Apples to apples: The guide to HIV drug potency. New York: Community Prescription Service, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Averitt, Dawn. PK and you. New York: Community Prescription Service, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

L, Hall Thomas, and Palo Alto Medical Foundation for Health Care, Research, and Education., eds. Protocol 6: HIV-related training needs, programs, and costs. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment (U.S.). Protocol 6: HIV-related training needs, programs, and costs. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

), National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment (U S. Protocol 6: HIV-related training needs, programs, and costs. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "HIV (Viruses) – Treatment – Namibia"

1

Wodarz, Dominik, and Martin A. Nowak. "Dynamics of HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment." In Origin and Evolution of Viruses, 197–223. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012220360-2/50010-6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

"HIV: hepatitis virus co-infection." In Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health, edited by Laura Mitchell, Bridie Howe, D. Ashley Price, Babiker Elawad, and K. Nathan Sankar, 507–12. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198783497.003.0043.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter describes the common hepatitis viruses that can occur in conjunction with HIV infection. These include hepatitis B (including co-infection with hepatitis D) and C viruses. These infections are much more common amongst people who live with HIV (PWLH) than the general population due to the fact that they may also be sexually transmitted or transmitted through blood products together with HIV, as well as the fact that areas of high endemicity for hepatitis viruses and HIV overlap. Hepatitis viruses have become very important causes of liver disease amongst PWLH due to the success of HIV treatment. There is discussion of the epidemiology of these viruses in the setting of HIV. As well as how to manage the infections, including important treatment considerations when treating both HIV and hepatitis viruses. With focus on treatment differences, and drug interactions between treatments for HIV and hepatitis viruses.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bartlett, John G., Robert R. Redfield, and Paul A. Pham. "Prevention of HIV and Prevention of Infection in PLWH." In Bartlett's Medical Management of HIV Infection, 107–74. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190924775.003.0003.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter is about the prevention of HIV and the prevention of opportunistic infections in people living with HIV/AIDs (PLWH). It covers treatment as prevention (TasP), HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (including indications, initial assessment, and contraindications to PrEP), HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) (including estimating risk of transmission, timing of PEP initiation, counseling at time of PEP evaluation, and overlap of PEP and PrEP), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), infections due to bacteria, Treponema pallidum (syphilis), infections due to viruses, human papilloma virus (HPV), influenza A and B, JC polyomavirus (JCV), cryptosporidiosis, mycobacterium avium complex infection, and Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly Pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Khan, Palwasha, and Sarah Parry. "Epidemiology and Natural History of HIV." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0066.

Full text
Abstract:
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a member of the genus Lentivirus, a subgroup of retrovirus (Retroviridae), that causes HIV infection, which, if untreated, results in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death. It was first described in 1981 during an epidemic of a previously unknown immunodeficiency syndrome in the US. The term HIV was accepted in 1986. HIV is thought to originate from simian immune deficiency virus (SIV). HIV-1 was discovered first, with the epidemic of AIDS in the US in 1981. In 1986, a related virus subsequently known as HIV-2, was identified in West Africa. The viruses differ in several aspects; HIV-1 is found worldwide, whereas HIV-2 is predominantly found in West Africa. HIV-1 is a more virulent and rapidly progressive virus; HIV-2 tends to be present in lower viral quantities and progresses more slowly. The number of people living with HIV (PLWH) rose from an estimated 9.0 million in 1990 to 36.9 million in 2014, due in part to a substantial improvement in survival rates as a result of effective anti-retroviral treatment. By 2014, annual new HIV infections had dropped to 2.0 million, down from 3.1 million in 2000, representing a decline of about 35%, although there remain an estimated 5600 people newly infected with HIV every day. It is estimated that without the global response that was mounted in 2000, notably the ‘Combatting of HIV/AIDS’ (the 6th Millennium Development Goal, which focused on halting and reversing trends for HIV by the end of 2015) there would have been six million new infections in 2013 alone. The main driver of progress has been widespread roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART) and behavioural change interventions, resulting in increased condom use, fewer multiple sexual partnerships, and delayed sexual debut. HIV-related deaths peaked in 2004–2005, and deaths fell by 24% between 2000 and 2014 from 1.2 million (0.98–1.6 million) in 2014 compared to 1.6 million (1.3–2.1 million) in 2000. The drop in AIDS-related mortality has been even steeper among children aged under fifteen years of age due to the enormous progress made with prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Dormitzer, Philip R., and Ulrich Desselberger. "Virus infections causing diarrhoea and vomiting." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher P. Conlon, 797–805. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0084.

Full text
Abstract:
Acute gastroenteritis is frequently caused by rotaviruses, human caliciviruses (noroviruses, sapoviruses), astroviruses, and enteric adenoviruses (group F): these cause much disease worldwide and considerable mortality, mainly in developing countries. Other viruses found in the human gastrointestinal tract are not regularly associated with diarrhoeal disease, except in patients who are immunosuppressed and in whom herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and picobirnaviruses can cause diarrhoea, as can HIV itself. Following an incubation period of 1–2 days, there is sudden onset of watery diarrhoea lasting between 4 and 7 days, vomiting, and varying degrees of dehydration. Other features include abdominal cramps, headache, myalgia, and fever. Treatment is supportive, mainly with oral rehydration solutions or—in more severe cases—intravenous rehydration. Continued feeding is recommended, with zinc supplementation in areas where micronutrient deficiency may be present.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Li, Jie Jack. "Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)." In Top Drugs. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199362585.003.0017.

Full text
Abstract:
Viruses are humanity’s invisible enemy. They wreak daily havoc by causing the flu, measles, rabies, hepatitis, smallpox, polio, and even human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although viruses have existed on the earth much longer than humans, it was not until in 1892 when the concept of virus took root when Chamberland experimented with viruses using the Pasteur–Chamberland filter. Solid evidence emerged when tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) crystal was isolated in 1935. However, human ingenuity afforded successful measures to combat viruses long before 1892. For instance, Jenner successfully pioneered a vaccination for preventing smallpox in 1796, nearly one hundred years before Chamberland’s exploits and before Pasteur developed the first vaccination for rabies in 1885. The scourge of polio has been nearly wiped out thanks to Salk’s inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) available since 1954 and Sabin’s oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) popularized in 1960. The 1951 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Theiler for his contributions to yellow fever vaccines. In terms of small molecule antiviral drugs, the nucleoside iododeoxyuridine (IDU, 2), a simple analog of thymidine (3), was first synthesized and used as an antiviral drug in 1959 by Prusoff. Unfortunately, due to its systemic cardiotoxicities, IDU is now only used topically to treat herpes simplex keratitis. A similar antiviral nucleoside, trifluorothymidine (TFT, Viroptic, 4), is less toxic than 2, and is also primarily used topically in eyes to kill the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Under the leadership of future Nobel laureate Elion, Burroughs Wellcome introduced the nucleoside analog acyclovir (Zovirax, 5) in 1978 for the treatment of HSV infection.3 While not the first antiviral agent on the market, Zovirax (5) was the first small molecule drug to be widely used to control a viral infection. Introduction of valacyclovir (Valtrex, 6), a prodrug of Zovirax (5) with higher oral bioavailability, afforded the patient a more convenient regimen because it does not have to be taken as frequently as the parent drug Zovirax (5).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Parrington, John. "New Gene Therapy." In Redesigning Life, 156–84. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198766834.003.0008.

Full text
Abstract:
Modern medicine has advanced tremendously in the 20th century, yet many people still die each year from conditions like heart attacks, cancer, and infectious diseases. Genome editing looks set to transform clinical medicine over the next few decades, because it now makes it possible to alter genes either in a living person, or in an infectious agent like a virus. One particular type of disease where genome editing is likely to have a big impact is single gene disorders such as cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disorder, and muscular dystrophy. Because these disorders are due to a mutation in a single gene, there is hope that it should be possible to use genome editing to ‘correct’ the mutation in the cells of a sufferer. But genome editing also offers much promise for the treatment of more common disorders such as cancer. In the latter case, a mutated oncogene could be corrected by genome editing, or this approach used to enhance the ability of special immune cells in the body that target cancer cells. Genome editing also has much potential for targeting viruses like as HIV. In this case, there are two possible approaches. One involves targeting the HIV genome sequence, the other involves creating a mutation in a gene coding for a human protein that HIV uses to get inside an infected person’s cells. Bacterial infections might also one day be targeted by genome editing. However, many practical obstacles remain, the main one being how to get genome editing tools into a person safely.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Dave, Jayshree, and C. Y. William Tong. "Urinary Tract and Genital Infections including Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0042.

Full text
Abstract:
Urethritis, characterized by inflammation of the urethra in men, is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus), Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalium. Other causes of non-gonococcal urethritis include ureaplasmas, adenoviruses, and herpes simplex viruses. The presence of urethritis is confirmed by the presence of five or more polymorphs in urethral smear by high-power microscopy. Symptoms can be minor to profound and vary from clear to mucopurulent discharge. Gonococcus is commoner in men who have sex with men (MSM) compared to heterosexuals, and high-risk activities such as chemsex parties increase spread with significant public health consequences. Antibiotic resistance in gonococcus has clinical and public health implications as three cases of extensively drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae with resistance to ceftriaxone (MIC = 0.5 mg/L) and high-level resistance to azithromycin (MIC > 256 mg/L) have been described compromising current treatment recommended by British Association for Sexual Health and HIV Guidelines (BASHH). In England an outbreak of high level azithromycin-resistant gonococcus has also been described by Public Health England (PHE), who alerted clinicians about the need for follow up and test of cure, contact tracing, and treatment failure. C. trachomatis infection can be treated with azithromycin 1g orally as a single dose or with seven days of oral doxycycline. Risk factors for chlamydia include age younger than twenty-five years, multiple sexual partners, and avoidance of barrier methods for contraception. Metronidazole 2g single dose or 400– 500mg twice daily for seven days is recommended for treatment of trichomonas, which can cause a moderate discharge in up to 60% of males. Resistance to azithromycin and doxycycline is common in M. genitalium strains and management of these patients with urethritis requires GUM referral for comprehensive investigation, contact tracing, and public health notification. Molecular methods are used for the diagnosis of these organisms and gonococcal culture is undertaken to obtain antimicrobial susceptibility data from patients with a previous diagnosis by molecular method, in GUM attendees, and their contacts. Herpes simplex infection results in a painful ulcer preceded by a vesicle. The diagnosis can be confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests of a swab taken from the vesicle or ulcer.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "HIV (Viruses) – Treatment – Namibia"

1

Barrett, P. N., G. Wöber, J. Eibl, and F. Dorner. "EFFICIENCY OF STEAM TREATMENT PROCEDURES USED FOR VIRUS INACTIVATION IN HUMAN COAGULATION FACTORS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644152.

Full text
Abstract:
The transmission of viral agents from blood products derived from humanplasma has long been a serious healthproblem for the recipients. The majoragents involved are HBV, nonA nonB, Delta agent and HIV (LAV/HTLV-III). Wehave attempted to design product-specific viral inactivation procedures toprevent such transmission in blood products. Experiments were carried out with HIV, which is the only one of the above viruses which can be propagated and titrated in cell culture, and with a wide range of model viruses. High titre virus was added to blood products, and they were then subjected to different virus inactivation procedures.Heat treatment was carried out in aqueous solution with and without protein-stabilising agents, and it was demonstrated that such agents added toprevent loss of biological activity of blood products also resulted in a stabilisation of contaminating viruses.Therefore steam treatment inactivation procedures have been developed without the addition of such agents. Steam pressure, temperature and time of inactivation are the main variablesand these can be altered for each product to achieve an optimal balance between the degree of virus inactivation and retention of biological activity.It has been shown that each of thedifferent product-specific treatment procedures has a high HIV inactivation capacity.Studies with various model virusesalso demonstrated that the efficiencyof these procedures could be furtherimproved if necessary by altering various parameters such as steam pressure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Stephan, W., H. Dichtelmüller, A. M. Prince, L. Gürtler, and F. Deinhardt. "INACTIVATION OF HEPATITIS VIRUSES AND HIV IN PLASMA AND PLASMA DERIVATIVES BY COMBINED TREATMENTWITH β-PR0PI0LACT0NE/UV-IRRADIATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644147.

Full text
Abstract:
A combined treatment of plasma andplasma derivatives by β-Propiolactone (β-PL) /UV-irradiation is inuse at Biotest for the preparation ofthe virus safe serum preserve Bisekd® and coagulation factor concentrates.The efficacy of this sterilization procedure has been demonstrated for HAV(> 8.2 log10), HBV ( 7.0 log10) and HNANB (> 4.5 log10). As HIV has become a major problem tne inactivation of HIV by β-PL/UV in human plasma was tested. Pooled human plasma was spiked with 104.2 infectious units per ml of the Gallo strain of HIV/ HTLV-III and sterilized with 0.25 % β-PL, 60 min at pH 7.2 and subsequently UV-irradiated (4 × 20 W). After treatment with β-PL alone orβ-PL/UV no infectious HIV was detectable by reverse transcriptase assay in inoculated H-9 cultures after 14 days of cultivation (> 4.2 log10 inactivation). When the virucidal efficacy of ft-PL and UV was tested separately, β-PL inactivated > 3.5 log10, UV-irradiation another 2.5 log10 of HIV, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence tests in H-9 cultures 27 daysafter inoculation.When cryoprecipitate/F VUI-concentrate was sterilized by ft-PL and UV, > 4.5 log10 of HIV were inactivated by UV and > 3.5 log10 by α-PL. The results indicate, that the combined treatment by β-PL/UV inactivates all potentialtiters of HIV, which can be expected inscreened and pooled human plasma orcryoprecipitate, used for the preparation of virus safe plasma derivatives.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Schimpf, Kl, H. H. Brackmann, D. Bock, G. Landbeck, E. Lechler, and H. Vinazzer. "NO ANTI-HIV SEROCONVERSION AFTER REPLACEMENT THERAPY WITH STEAM-TREATED FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATE. A STUDY OF 60 PATIENTS WITH HEMOPHILIA A AND VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644054.

Full text
Abstract:
Transmission of hepatitis viruses and HIV has proven to be a risk of replacement therapy. Since Dec. 1983 factor VIII concentrates in which viruses are inactivated by steam-treatment (Factor VIII TIM 3 or S-TIM 3) are available for therapy. As they are manufactured by 80% from US plasma it was necessary to prove that they do not transmit HIV. For ethical reasons it is not possible to treat control groups of patients with non-virus- inactivated concentrate. Non-transmission of HIV can, therefore, only be proven if anti-HIV seroconversion does not occur in larger groups of patients treated with this type of product. We collected data from 60 patients, who were “virgin” (24) or, if pre-treated, anti-HIV seronegative. Therapy with Factor VIII TIM 3 or S-TIM 3 was started between Sept. 1984 and April 1986. The median length of observation till the last anti-HIV testing was 12 (6 - 24) months. The median total dosage of Factor VIII was 56,500 (500 - 427,500) IU, the median patient age was 20 (1 - 61) years. In none of the patients anti-HIV seroconversion (ELISA test) was observed. According to the rule ofthree the upper 95% confidence limit for random sample of 60 cases with zero events would be 3/60 or 5%.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Schimpf, K. l., B. Kraus, W. Kreuz, H. H. Brackmann, F. Haschke, and W. Schramm. "NO ANTI-HIV SEROCONVERSION AFTER REPLACEMENT THERAPY WITH PASTEURIZED F VIII CONCENTRATE. A STUDY OF 151 PATIENTS WITH HEMOPHILIA A OR VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643973.

Full text
Abstract:
Transmission of hepatitis viruses and HIV has proven to be a risk of replacement therapy in hemophilia. As regards F VIII products a concentrate (Hemate HS or P) in which viruses are inactivated by heat-treatment over 10 hours at 60° C in aqueous solution is available since 1979. Our clinical studies have shown that this product does not transmit HBV and HNANBV. As the product was manufactured by 80% from US plasma it was necessary to prove that it also does not transmit HIV. As it is, for ethical reasons, not possible to treat a control group with non-virus-inactivated F VIII, non-transmission of HIV can only proven if anti-HIV seroconversion does not occur in larger groups of patients treated exclusively with this virus-inactivated product.We collected data from 151 patients treated with Hemate HS (P) who had never before received blood or blood products. Therapy was started between Feb. 1979 and Jan. 1986 (median July 7,1983). The median length of observation till the last anti-HIV testing was 24 (3 - 83) months. 112 patients were observed longer than 13 months. The median total dosage was 17,000 (500 -2,155,375) IU of F VIII, the median patient age was 6 (0,5 - 68) years. In none of these patients anti-HIV seroconversion (ELISA test) was observed. According to the rule of three, the upper 95% confidence limit for a random sample of 60 cases with zero events would be 3/60 or 5%. For greater numbers of n cases, as in our study, the range of confidence narrows increasingly. The period of observation of this study is hitherto the longest.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Addiego, J. E., P. Bailey, M. Bradley, S. Courter, and M. Lee. "RECOVERY AND SURVIVAL STUDIES OF A NEW FACTOR VIII PRODUCT." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644052.

Full text
Abstract:
Lyophilized protein concentrates are the international treatment of choice to manage bleeding in hemophiliacs. These pooled plasma products, however, expose the recipient of treatment to an increased risk of viral infections. While current manufacturing techniques of these products appear to be effective in eradicating the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), transmission of other viruses, especially non-A/non-B (NANB) hepatitis, is still a majoor complication of concentrate therapy. Hyland Therapeutics Division Travenol Laboratories, Inc., has developed a new process using the techniques of immunoaffinity chromatography and organic solvent/detergent treatment to prepare a high specific activity product; Antihemophilic Factor (Human), Method M (AHF-M); that may render it free of pathogenic viruses. To determine the recovery and half-life of factor VIII in this product five severe hemophiliacs in a nonbleeding state were given! 50 U/kg of M-AHF and 50 U/kg of a currently licensed factor concentrate (HEMOFILe CT) in a crossover blinded study with a seven day interval between the respective infusions. The table below shows the recovery and half-life results for the five patients studiedThe factor VIII recoveries and half-lifes were similar for both products. No significant adverse clinical reactions were detected in any patient either during or after their infusions. This product appears to produce adequate circulating levels of factor VIII. It also appears to be safe for administration in humans. Further studies are on-going to test the overall efficacy of this product and to confirm that the manufacturing process is effective in eliminating pathogenic viruses
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Pasi, K. J., and F. G. H. Hill. "NO EVIDENCE OF HEPATITIS OR HIV TRANSMISSION IN VIRGIN HAEMOPHILIC BOYS TREATED WITH BRITISH HEAT TREATED FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATE (8Y)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643972.

Full text
Abstract:
HIV and hepatitis virus transmission is of major concern with factor VIII therapy. Non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) has a near 100% incidence in patients previously treated with unheated large pool factor VIII concentrates. NHS heated high purity factor VIII concentrate (8Y) undergoes severe protracted heat treatment of the freeze dried concentrate theoretically sufficient to inactivate hepatitis viruses as well as HIV. Infusions of 22 different batches of 8Y have been given to 18 children with haemophilia A (10 virgin patients; 8 who had only received single donor cryoprecipitate) have been treated for up to 18 months. Regular testing for viral antibody seroconversion and biochemical liver enzymes have been made. None had had clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease prior to the commencement of 8Y therapy. All these boys were immunized with HBVax at the time of the first treatment with 8Y and were HIV antibody negative.Liver function tests were to be performed monthly but due to patient non-compliance this was only achieved in 60% of patients.All patients receiving 8Y have remained anti-HIV seronegative. Only the virgin patients can be considered suitable for evaluation with regard to the transmission of NANBH. These boys by this time have received multiple batches of 8Y (mean 5 batches, range 1 to 14). In only 1 patient has an isolated rise in aspartate transaminase (AST) been noted (AST 27 to 131 IU/1) 6 weeks aftertreatment with a new batch, but no rise in alanine transaminase (ALT) or clinical evidence of liver disease was found. Viral serology was performed. AST returned to normal within 12 days.This batch was received by 3 of the virgin and 2 of the previously cryoprecipitate treated boys. All these 5 boys who were exposed to the suspect batch had normal liver enzyme levels when measured within 4-6 weeks of exposure.Of the 10 virgin patients receiving multiple batches of 8Y a transient rise in AST but with no rise in ALT has only been noted in 1 patient. In the absence of firm biochemical evidence of liver disease NANBH is an unlikely cause. Lack of transaminase rises in other virgin patients strengthens this assunption. We conclude that 8Y reduces the incidence of NANBH and HIV transmission.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Dichelmüller, H., and W. Stephan. "ROUTINE MONITORING OF THE β-PROPIOLACTONE/UV STERILIZATION PROCEDURE USING BACTERIOPHAGES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644058.

Full text
Abstract:
Cold sterilization of plasma or plasma derivatives such as the serum preserve Biseko® and coagulation factor concentrates by β-Propiolactone (β-PL)/UV has been demonstrated in various studies to be effective in inactivation of Hepatitis viruses and HIV. The methods used in these studies are not applicable in routine monitoring of sterilization processes, as chimpanzees must be involved in the titration of Hepatitis B or NANB viruses.For routine monitoring of the sterilization efficacy we therefore developed a test system using four types of bacteriophages: Øx 174, Øe, Kappa and f2. Using these bacteriophages in 88 single tests, sterilization efficacy was regularly monitored during the period fran 1981 to 1986. For these tests samples were drawn from pooled human plasma, spiked with bacteriophages and subjected to the cold sterilization procedure under identical conditions and apparative equipenent, but strictly separated fran the production process. By treatment with β-Propiolactone and UV all bacteriophages were inactivated by more than 6.7 log10, independent from size or genom structure. This inactivation is in the range of inactivation of Hepatitis B virus by β-PL/UV as a relevant pathogenic virus. During this six year period of monitoring no significant alternations in sterilization efficacy were observed, indicating a constantly safe inactivation rate for numerous production lots and for many years of production.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'HIV (Viruses) – Treatment – Namibia' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography