Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HIV (Viruses) – Treatment – Namibia'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'HIV (Viruses) – Treatment – Namibia.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Njiba, Jessica Tshiosha. "Access to HIV treatment for refugees : case study of South Africa and Uganda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5296.
Full textPace, Craig Stuart. "The influence of APOBEC3G and deoxythymidylate kinase genetic diversity on HIV-1 hypermutation and response to treatment." Pace, Craig Stuart (2006) The influence of APOBEC3G and deoxythymidylate kinase genetic diversity on HIV-1 hypermutation and response to treatment. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/242/.
Full textMatengu, Barbara. "The importance of STI treatment in HIV prevention: knowledge and behaviours of secondary school students in Tsumeb, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8923_1182746437.
Full textCurricula should be strengthened by teaching the curability of STIs and the importance of STI treatment to prevent HIV transmission. This study focused on the control of sexually transmitted infections as a key HIV prevention strategy. Sexually transmitted infections act as a strong cofactor in the sexual transmission of HIV. Effective STI management can limit the spread of HIV.
Nashandi, Johanna Christa Ndilimeke. "Experiences and coping strategies of women living with HIV/AIDS: case study of Khomas region, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textMarais, Melanie. "A descriptive study to evaluate the effect of guidelines used by counsellors to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the private sector." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textHutchinson, Angela Blair. "A health technology assessment of HIV counseling and testing technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8077.
Full textHaipinge, Emilie. "An investigation into the school experiences of HIV-positive secondary school learners on ARV treatment in Katutura, Windhoek." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004334.
Full textKetwaroo, Bibi Farahnaz K. "Detection of positive selection resulting from Nevirapine treatment in longitudinal HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sequences." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7052_1182227727.
Full textNevirapine (NVP) is a cheap anti-retroviral drug used in poor countries worldwide, administered to pregnant women at the onset of labour to inhibit HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase. Viruses which may get transmitted to newborns are deficient in this enzyme, and HIV-1 infection cannot be established, thereby preventing mother to child transmission (MTCT). In some cases, babies get infected and positive selection for viruses resistant to nevirapine may be inferred. Positive selection can be inferred from sequence data, when the rate of nonsynonymous substitutions is significantly greater than the rate of synonymous substitutions.
Unfortunately, it is found that available positive selection methods should not be used to analyse before- and after- NVP treatment sequence pairs associated with MTCT. Methods which use phylogenetic trees to infer positive selection trace synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions further back in time than the short time duration during which selection for NVP occurred. The other group of methods for inferring positive selection, the pairwise methods, do not have appreciable power, because they average susbtituion rates over all codons in a sequence pair and not just at single codons. We introduce a simple counting method which we call the Pairwise Homologous Codons (PHoCs) method with which we have inferred positive selection resulting from NVP treatment in longitudinal HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sequences. The PHoCs method estimates rates of substitutions between before- and after- NVP treatment codons, using a simple pairwise method.
Vu, Phuong Thao. "Transmitted and acquired HIV drug resistence in Vietnam." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711876.
Full textLiswaniso, Christine Mulemwa. "The effect of corruption on HIV/AIDS donor funds a case study of Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98121.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is qualitative research that aims to identify the effect of corruption on HIV/AIDS donor funds in Namibia in order to provide guidelines to policy makers in relations to the regulation of HIV/IDS donor funding. Henceforth, in–depth interviews with open ended questions were used with Government, civil society and donor agencies’ senior officials to obtain data. Additionally, institutional permission was granted from the identified institutions who participated in the research. An inductive analysis was used which required data to be categorised and developing themes from the data. Respondents reported lack of national donor specifications in the field of HIV/AIDS as a serious problem to donor funds in Namibia. However, respondents indicated their organisations had proper management systems in place which included, annual audits, sufficient personnel and monitoring and evaluation. Withdrawal of donor funding has been on the increase due to corrupt practices in some funded organisation and this is mostly affecting people living with HIV/AIDS. Respondent reported there is a need to strengthen the existing umbrella body and improve accountability. The findings of the study show the effect of corruption on HIV/AIDS donor funds in Namibia is the withdrawal of HIV/AIDS donor supports by several donor agencies which has led to numerous donor funded institutions closing down and a number of employee losing their employment. Lack of national HIV/AIDS donor specifications is viewed as a loophole for corruption for many funded organisations as there are no national accountability systems in place in relation to HIV/AIDS donor funds in Namibia.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie beskikbaar.
Thobias, Anna. "Exploration of factors associated with poor adherence among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Katutura State Hospital Communicable Disease Clinic in Khomas region, Namibia /." Online access, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_gen8Srv25Nme4_2455_1273775841.pdf.
Full textJung, Joo-Yong. "Biologic effects of lavendamycin analogs on cultured cells and HIV-RT." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217381.
Full textDepartment of Biology
Kakili, Tuwilika. "Factors that contribute to treatment defaulting amongst tuberculosis patients in Windhoek district, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2049_1363356699.
Full textBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is a resurgent disease in many parts of the world, fuelled by HIV/AIDS and poverty. According to WHO, over two billion people were estimated to be infected by TB globally, 9.4 million new cases of TB were reported, while about 1.7 million people were estimated to have lost their lives to TB in 2009 (WHO, 2010). The
global defaulter rate for TB was estimated at about 9% in 2007 (WHO, 2007). With Africa remaining the global epicentre of the TB epidemic, the epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa,
one of the worst affected areas in the world, shows no evidence of decline (WHO, 2008). According to the 2009 MOHSS annual report, 1300 people lost their lives to TB in
Namibia (MOHSS, 2010). The introduction of TB treatment saves many lives globally. However, despite this effort, TB patients have been reported to default treatment in many
parts of the world including Namibia. Namibia reported a defaulter rate of 10% above the national target of less than 5% (Maletsky, 2008). Aim: This study aimed to investigate
the factors that contribute to treatment defaulting amongst TB patients at a major health centre in Windhoek district, Namibia. Methodology: A descriptive qualitative study using
in-depth interviews was conducted among ten TB defaulters. Key informant interviews were also conducted with the two TB nurses based at the health centre. Eligible
participants were purposively selected. A thematic content analysis of transcribed data was conducted where themes related to patient&rsquo
s experiences of the illness
socio- economic
community, family, cultural and religious as well as health system factors were drawn out. Results: The study results indicate that defaulting TB treatment is a big challenge to TB management. The reasons for defaulting given by respondents were complex and included patient factors such as medication related factors, lack of knowledge and information as well as alcohol abuse. The findings also revealed unemployment as a major socio-economic factor that contributes to defaulting. In addition, the study shows that community, family, religious and cultural factors such as poor family support, work-related factors and religious and cultural beliefs have an influence on defaulting. Accessibility to health care services, sharing of the TB department with ART patients and attitudes of health workers were identified as health service
factors that influence treatment defaulting. This study also highlights the relationship between some of these factors. Conclusion: The study concludes that no single factor contributed to treatment defaulting amongst TB patients in the selected health centre in
Windhoek district and this concurred with the literature. There are many different factors at different levels that have an influence on TB treatment defaulting. An interrelationship between personal, socio- economic, community, family, religious and cultural as well as health services- related factors was evident What makes it more complex is that these
factors also impact on each other and therefore a holistic approach in the management of TB is required to address these factors. Recommendations based on the findings of the
study are made.
Shikukutu, Faustinus. "Social and cultural discourses that shape male youths' masculinity and conceptions of risk and vulnerability to HIV and AIDS in Rundu Urban Constituency, Kavango region, Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001672.
Full textRashamuse, Thompho Jason. "Studies towards the synthesis of novel, coumarin-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1332/.
Full textMaposa, Innocent. "Survival modelling and analysis of HIV/AIDS patients on HIV care and antiretroviral treatment to determine longevity prognostic factors." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5444.
Full textThe HIV/AIDS pandemic has been a torment to the African developmental agenda, especially the Southern African Development Countries (SADC), for the past two decades. The disease and condition tends to affect the productive age groups. Children have also not been spared from the severe effects associated with the disease. The advent of antiretroviral treatment (ART) has brought a great relief to governments and patients in these regions. More people living with HIV/AIDS have experienced a boost in their survival prospects and hence their contribution to national developmental projects. Survival analysis methods are usually used in biostatistics, epidemiological modelling and clinical research to model time to event data. The most interesting aspect of this analysis comes when survival models are used to determine risk factors for the survival of patients undergoing some treatment or living with a certain disease condition. The purpose of this thesis was to determine prognostic risk factors for patients' survival whilst on ART. The study sought to highlight the risk factors that impact the survival time negatively at different survival time points. The study utilized a sample of paediatric and adult datasets from Namibia and Zimbabwe respectively. The paediatric dataset from Katutura hospital (Namibia) comprised of the adolescents and children on ART, whilst the adult dataset from Bulawayo hospital (Zimbabwe) comprised of those patients on ART in the 15 years and above age categories. All datasets used in this thesis were based on retrospective cohorts followed for some period of time. Different methods to reduce errors in parameter estimation were employed to the datasets. The proportional hazards, Bayesian proportional hazards and the censored quantile regression models were utilized in this study. The results from the proportional hazards model show that most of the variables considered were not signifcant overall. The Bayesian proportional hazards model shows us that all the considered factors had different risk profiles at the different quartiles of the survival times. This highlights that by using the proportional hazards models, we only get a fixed constant effect of the risk factors, yet in reality, the effect of risk factors differs at different survival time points. This picture was strongly highlighted by the censored quantile regression model which indicated that some variables were significant in the early periods of initiation whilst they did not significantly affect survival time at any other points in the survival time distribution. The censored quantile regression models clearly demonstrate that there are significant insights gained on the dynamics of how different prognostic risk factors affect patient survival time across the survival time distribution compared to when we use proportional hazards and Bayesian propotional hazards models. However, the advantages of using the proportional hazards framework, due to the estimation of hazard rates as well as it's application in the competing risk framework are still unassailable. The hazard rate estimation under the censored quantile regression framework is an area that is still under development and the computational aspects are yet to be incorporated into the mainstream statistical softwares. This study concludes that, with the current literature and computational support, using both model frameworks to ascertain the dynamic effects of different prognostic risk factors for survival in people living with HIV/AIDS and on ART would give the researchers more insights. These insights will then help public health policy makers to draft relevant targeted policies aimed at improving these patients' survival time on treatment.
Mathu, Alexander Muchugia Nganga. "Structural analysis of effects of mutations on HIV-1 subtype C protease active site." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004073.
Full textMonteiro, D'Albuquerque Polyana. "New strategies to optimize treatment for HIV-1 infection." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/311434.
Full textEl tratamiento antirretroviral ha reducido drásticamente la morbilidad y la mortalidad asociada al VIH-1 y ha transformado el SIDA en una enfermedad crónica manejable. Durante los últimos 15 años, los medicamentos antirretrovirales se han hecho menos tóxicos, más potentes y más convenientes, lo que permite la posibilidad de un tratamiento temprano y de por vida. Modificación de los regímenes en pacientes con supresión viral es un enfoque que se puede contemplar para simplificar el tratamiento y mejorar la adherencia reduciendo la cantidad de pastillas y la frecuencia de dosificación, para prevenir la toxicidad a corto o largo plazo y mejorar la tolerabilidad, para minimizar interacciones farmacológicas, y también para preservar futuras opciones de tratamiento e incluso visando reducción de costes. La hipótesis de trabajo es que en pacientes infectados por VIH que reciben tratamiento antirretroviral eficaz es posible simplificar el tratamiento y hacerlo más tolerable mediante el uso de nuevos fármacos y de nuevas estrategias sin comprometer su eficacia virológica. En cuanto a la estrategia de simplificación, concluimos que la eficacia de los inhibidores de la proteasa potenciados con ritonavir (IP/r) en monoterapia en la práctica clínica es consistente con los datos de los ensayos clínicos. Por otra parte, la combinación de etravirina más raltegravir es bien tolerada y mantiene la supresión viral duradera en pacientes con supresión virológica seleccionados. Con respecto a la modificación de los regímenes con PI/r en pacientes virológicamente suprimidos se observó que el cambio de PI/r para raltegravir conduce a cambios significativos en biomarcadores cardiovasculares asociados con la inflamación, resistencia a la insulina, y la hipercoagulabilidad. En este contexto abacavir/lamivudina exhibe eficacia y tolerabilidad similar a tenofovir/emtricitabina. Sustitución de un fármaco implicado por otro que está mejor indicado y exhibe una potencia similar es una de las estrategia indicada para manejar las complicaciones del tratamiento antiretroviral. Sin embargo, para los pacientes con mutaciones de resistencia subyacentes este enfoque puede no ser factible. En adultos en uso de IP/r con hipercolesterolemia y aumento del riesgo cardiovascular, se encontró que la rosuvastatina produce mayores descensos en el colesterol total y el colesterol de baja densidad que la sustitución de IP/r. Finalmente, hemos observado que 11% de los pacientes tratados con raltegravir desarrolla elevación significativa de creatina quinasa durante el tratamiento con raltegravir. Sin embargo, los síntomas son poco comunes y no están relacionados con el grado de elevaciones de creatina quinasa. Mientras el conocimiento sobre las complicaciones no infecciosas de la infección por VIH-1 sigue prosperando juntamente con la mejora continua de la terapia antirretroviral, es posible desarrollar nuevas estrategias para limitar su impacto en las personas que viven con el VIH y para asegurarles que puedan envejecer con salud y calidad de vida.
Lee, Yi-Chen. "Studies towards the development of novel HIV-1 integrase inhibitors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005022.
Full textOnywera, David Harris. "Influence of non-synonymous sequence mutations on the architecture of HIV-1 clade C protease receptor site : docking and molecular dynamics studies." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013133.
Full textOluoch, Okumu Fredrick. "Synthesis and characterization of bimetallic silver and platinum nanoparticles as electrochemical sensor for nevirapine, an anti-HIV drug." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2319.
Full textBimetallic silver-platinum (Ag-Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via simultaneous reduction of varying mole fractions of metal precursors H2PtCl6.6H2O and AgNO3 by sodium citrate. Kinetics rates of were as follows; Ag NPs (0.079 s-1), Ag-Pt NPs 1:1 (0.082 s-1) and Pt NPs (0.006 s-1). The UV visible spectrum of Ag NPs exhibited a characteristic absorption band while Pt NPs and Ag-Pt bimetallic NPs exhibited no absorption peaks. Successful formation of both monometallic and bimetallic NPs was confirmed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM); selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. TEM images depicted core-shell arrangement in the bimetallic (BM) NP ratios (1:1, 1:3 and 3:1) with an average particle size of 21 nm. The particle size trend where monometallic Ag NPs (60 nm) > Pt NPs (2.5 nm) while in the BM ratios Ag-Pt NPs 1:1 (25 nm) > Ag-Pt NPs 1:3 (20.7 nm). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns depicted crystallinity in all the synthesized NPs with confirmation of the face centred cubic structure formation. Transducers were fabricated by drop casting the nanoparticless on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and their electrochemical properties studied via cyclic voltammetry (CV). High diffusion coefficient (D) and surface coverage reported were Ag NPs (6.70 cm2 s-1, 54.49 mol cm-2 ) and Ag-Pt NPs 1:1 (0.62 cm2 s-11.85 mol cm-2). Electrochemical band gaps ranged from 1.45 to 1.70 eV while the Tauc’s model band gaps of nanoparticles were found in the range of 2.48 to 3.84 eV. These band gaps were found to be inversely proportional to particle size, which was attributed to the quantum confinement effect. Both optical and electrochemical band gap portrayed similar trend as well as an increase in the BM NP relative to monometallics. These nanoparticles band gaps are within semiconductor range for most materials. The electrochemical behaviour and surface characteristics were studied using 0.1 M PBS solution by scan rates variations for the diffusion coefficient determination of modified electrodes which ranged from 0.62 to 6.10 x 10-5 cm2 s-1. Laviron’s approach for parameters such as apparent charge transfer rate constant, ks, and charge transfer coefficient, α, for electron transfer between NPs and GCE were investigated using CV. The values of electron-transfer coefficients ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 while the charge transfer rate constant values ranged from 0.74 to 31.13 s-1.
Tukulula, Matshawandile. "The design and synthesis of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1563/.
Full textBauleth, Maria Francineth. "Factors associated with poor adherence amongst patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at the intermediate hospital Oshakati in Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9016_1365754981.
Full textNamibia is severely affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, with an estimated HIV prevalence of 17.8%. A comprehensive, public HIV/AIDS treatment and care programme was established in 2003 by the government of Namibia in association with its development partners. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy [ART] has dramatically decreased HIVrelated mortality and morbidity, improved quality of life, revitalized communities and transformed perceptions of HIV/AIDS from a plaque and death sentence to a manageable chronic condition. Intermediate Hospital Oshakati (IHO) in the Oshana region, is one of the six pilot hospitals where highly antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was initiated. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a key factor in ensuring optimal clinical outcomes and is associated with improved survival among HIV and AIDS patients. Sustained high levels of adherence (taking 95% or more of medication as prescribed) are essential for treatment success. Suboptimal adherence to treatment has been associated with virologic, immunologic and clinical failure, and may increase the risk of resistance to first-line ART drugs. Studies conducted in various parts of the country including the Oshakati district, report small proportions of patients defaulting on ART. Defaulting from treatment raises questions about adherence to ART as it can be assumed that poor adherence would precede defaulting from treatment. This study explored factors that influence poor adherence to ART among patients at Intermediate Hospital Oshakati.
Olomola, Temitope Oloruntoba. "Synthesis and evaluation of novel HIV-1 enzyme inhibitors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005034.
Full textThobias, Anna. "Exploration of Factors Associated with Poor Adherence amongst Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy at Katutura State Hospital Communicable Disease Clinic in Khomas Region in Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7058_1273775927.
Full textBackground: HIV/AIDS affects the health of millions of people world wide. According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS [UNAIDS], the number of people living with HIV globally has risen from 26 million in 2001 to 33.2 million in 2007. It is estimated that 2.5 million people were newly infected with HIV in 2007. The introduction of anti-retroviral therapy [ART] has brought hope to millions of people living with HIV and AIDS. More recently, the increased availability of treatment in many countries including Namibia has dramatically improved survival rates and lowered the incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV patients. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a fundamental attribute of excellent clinical HIV care and a key aspect in determining the effectiveness of treatment. Strict adherence to ART is vital to maintain low viral load and to prevent the development of drug resistant virus. Poor adherence is one of the key obstacles to successful ART for HIV positive patients. Literature has shown that there are various factors that hinder adherence to ART such as patient, service, community, family, socio-economic and work-related factors. Aim: This study aimed to describe the experiences of patients in the ART programme at Katutura State Hospital, Communicable Disease Clinic (CDC), in the Khomas region of Namibia and to explore factors that contribute to poor adherence.
Magazi, Shirley. "An assessment of food security interventions for people living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral treatment at household Llvel in the Khomas Region, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2787.
Full textIn the era of AIDS, food and nutrition are becoming more of a priority for many households and communities. This is more so now that treatment is available for people infected with HIV and AIDS. Food and nutrition are fundamentally intertwined with HIV transmission and the impacts of AIDS. Evidence of the ways in which food insecurity and malnutrition may interfere with the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy is well documented. Aim: The purpose of the study was to inform improvements in food security interventions for PLWHA through an investigation of existing food security interventions in the Khomas Region, Namibia.
South Africa
Vale, Beth. "Of blood and belonging : the practice of antiretroviral treatment among HIV-positive youth in South Africa's Eastern Cape." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c3db9d98-7d18-4e39-b8ef-344f3bbbdbff.
Full textAspeling, Heila Elizabeth. "Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of HIV infected women attending an urban private health care facility." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10152007-113237.
Full textMontague, Carl Thomas. "Developing a strategy for a centre of competence for HIV research and development in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/892.
Full textThe government has identified the need to transform the South African economy from one that is primarily resource based to one that is knowledge-based and has formulated a 10 year plan in order to accomplish this objective. The plan involves the creation and funding of five theme-specific consortium-based centres of competence that focus on the five top national health priorities, linked to the growth of the local pharmaceutical industry. This research study proposed that if collaboration and communication between academic researchers and the biotechnology industry in South Africa was improved it would lead to an increase in the development of innovative products for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. The objective of the study was the development of a strategy for a centre of competence for HIV research and development that brings together academic researchers and industry in a public private partnership and that will enable the proposal to be tested. Centre of competence programmes in both developed and developing countries, including Sweden, Austria and Estonia, were reviewed. The success factors for the various programmes were discussed. The strategic planning analysis began by considering the mandate of the CoC for HIV R&D. The requirements and expectations of the DST in establishment of the centres of competence were examined. An analysis of the external environment relevant to the South African biotechnology industry was then performed. This involved a detailed macro-environmental analysis in which political, economic, social, technological and environmental factors were considered. It was followed by an analysis of the current biotechnology industry in South Africa. The industry’s dominant economic features were identified as were its future driving forces. In a competitive environment analysis the South African biotechnology industry was found to be extremely competitive. Two industry issues, price controls and access to capital, were identified and discussed. The industry key success factors identified included access to large and sustained capital, attracting and retaining talented employees, an efficient and high quality regulatory authority, continued government support, productive and appropriate partnerships and skilled intellectual property management. An internal environment analysis was performed which identified competencies and resource strengths of the CoC for HIV R&D, including the high level of academic research in the HIV/AIDS field and expertise in clinical trials of HIV/AIDS products. Competitive deficiencies and resource weaknesses identified included shortages of skills and talent and the lack of co-ordination for funding of HIV/AIDS research. The analysis of the internal environment continued with the examination of the internal value chain of the CoC for HIV R&D. This consisted of discovery, pre-clinical development and clinical development stages. Gaps in the value chain were identified, including the lack of facilities for high-throughput screening of compounds for anti-HIV activity, lack of pre-clinical testing facilities and lack of manufacturing plants capable of producing products for use in clinical trials. The results of the external and internal environment analysis were used in a SWOC analysis and a number of strategies were identified to capitalise on opportunities and to address challenges. A subsequent competitive strength assessment identified a competitive advantage in the formation of the CoC for HIV R&D. In addition a number of strategic issues facing the centre were identified and ways to address or manage the issues were proposed. The strategic planning process was completed by the selection of a strategic approach for the CoC for HIV R&D. The study concluded that a PPP of public and private organisations operating under a corporate strategy of related diversification developed and implemented by the CoC for HIV R&D, would be suitable for testing the Proposal. The study’s conclusion also highlighted the need to ensure that the CoC for HIV R&D receives a long term commitment of funding from public sources, and that is managed by an experienced team with strong leadership skills. Important strategies emerging from the study and specifically from the SWOC analysis were development of a national HIV research plan and funding of the highest priority projects; focusing research funding on research with greatest potential for generation of HIV/AIDS products; and establishment of new technology platforms to fill gaps in the value chain. Finally, a number of recommendations were made for implementation of the results of this study or as the basis for further study.
Cysique, Lucette Adeline Juliette St Vincent's Hospital UNSW. "Aids dementia complex in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a neuropsychological study." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. St. Vincent's Hospital, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22074.
Full textCalao, Miriam. "Role of IkB kinase (IKK) complex post-translational modifications in NF-kB signaling and therapeutic applications for the treatment of HIV-1 infection." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210318.
Full textCertains virus utilisent la voie de signalisation NF-κB afin de promouvoir leur propre réplication. C’est le cas du virus HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1), qui contient dans son promoteur deux sites de liaison pour NF-κB. Notre laboratoire a précédemment montré que l’utilisation du TNFα en combinaison avec la TSA, active l’expression virale de manière synergique. L’administration combinée d’un activateur du facteur NF-κB et d’un inhibiteur de désacétylases pourrait, en présence d’une thérapie anti-HIV-1 efficace, être envisagée dans le but d’éliminer les cellules réservoirs infectées de manière latente. L’utilisation thérapeutique du TNFα ou de la TSA étant inenvisageable en raison de leur toxicité, nous avons étudié l’effet d’autres substances ayant un plus grand potentiel thérapeutique et nous avons apporté une preuve de principe du potentiel thérapeutique de la coadministration de plusieurs activateurs viraux (inhibiteurs de HDACs[HDACIs]+inducteurs de la voie NF-κB) pour réduire le pool des réservoirs cellulaires infectés de manière latente.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Chigova, Temptation. "Factors associated with non-adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in adults at a hospital in Namibia." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22398.
Full textThe aim of the study was to minimise non-adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment amongst HIV/AIDS adult patients at a hospital in Namibia thereby promoting successful outcomes in patients on ARV treatment. A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on a sample of 112 non-adherent adults. Data collection was through structured interviews and patients’ records review. Data analysis was by descriptive statistics. Rate of non-adherence was 36.7%. Characteristics common in the sample were, being a woman, age of 31-45 years, being unmarried, low educational status, lack of HIV status disclosure, feeling that taking ARVs reminded one of HIV and experience of ARV side effects. Reasons for missed doses included forgetting, alcohol use, access to care, work commitments, lack of food, stress and travelling. Of the respondents, 86.6% had unsupressed viral loads. Recommendations include use of reminders, automated SMS, establishing treatment supporters and collaborative efforts in reducing active substance use to improve adherence.
Health Studies
M.A. (Nursing Science)
Parbhoo, Sonali. "A reinforcement learning design for HIV clinical trials." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15067.
Full textDetermining e ective treatment strategies for life-threatening illnesses such as HIV is a signi cant problem in clinical research. Currently, HIV treatment involves using combinations of anti-HIV drugs to inhibit the formation of drug-resistant strains. From a clinician's perspective, this usually requires careful selection of drugs on the basis of an individual's immune responses at a particular time. As the number of drugs available for treatment increases, this task becomes di cult. In a clinical trial setting, the task is even more challenging since experience using new drugs is limited. For these reasons, this research examines whether machine learning techniques, and more speci cally batch reinforcement learning, can be used for the purposes of determining the appropriate treatment for an HIV-infected patient at a particular time. To do so, we consider using tted Q-iteration with extremely randomized trees, neural tted Q-iteration and least squares policy iteration. The use of batch reinforcement learning means that samples of patient data are captured prior to learning to avoid imposing risks on a patient. Because samples are re-used, these methods are data-e cient and particularly suited to situations where large amounts of data are unavailable. We apply each of these learning methods to both numerically generated and real data sets. Results from this research highlight the advantages and disadvantages associated with each learning technique. Real data testing has revealed that these batch reinforcement learning techniques have the ability to suggest treatments that are reasonably consistent with those prescribed by clinicians. The inclusion of additional state variables describing more about an individual's health could further improve this learning process. Ultimately, the use of such reinforcement learning methods could be coupled with a clinician's knowledge for enhanced treatment design.
Shiu-Yee, Karen. "Medical Provider Habitus, Practice, and Care of People Living with HIV and Substance Use." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-7hwm-4147.
Full textWang, Ting. "EFFECTS OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINAL HERBAL EXTRACTS ON HIV-1 REPLICATION." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2515.
Full textBackground: The current treatment for HIV/AIDS is called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and is a combination of anti-HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. HAART is capable of suppressing HIV replication and subsequently improving the patients’ survival. However, the issues associated with use of HARRT such as the high cost, severe side-effects, and drug resistance have called for development of alternative anti-HIV therapeutic strategies. In this study, we screened several traditional Chinese medicinal herbal extracts for their anti-HIV activities and determined their anti-HIV mechanisms. Methods: Nine traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herbal plants and their respective parts derived from Hainan Island, China were extracted using a series of organic solvents, vacuum dried, and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Initial anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity of these extracts were evaluated in HIV-infected human CD4+ T lymphocytes Jurkat. Extracts of higher anti-HIV activities and lower cytotoxicity were selected from the initial screening, and further examined for their effects on HIV-1 entry, post-entry, reverse transcriptase, gene transcription and expression using combined virology, cell biology and biochemistry techniques. Results: Four extracts derived from two different herbal plants completely blocked HIV-1 replication and showed little cytotoxicity at a concentration of 10 g/ml. None of these four extracts had any inhibitory effects on HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter. Two of them exhibited direct inhibitory activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). All four extracts showed significant blocking of HIV-1 entry into target cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that four TCM extracts were capable of preventing HIV-1 infection and replication by blocking viral entry and/or directly inhibiting the RT activity. These results suggest the possibility of developing these extracts as potential anti-HIV therapeutic agents.
Lugongolo, Masixole Yvonne. "Optical micro-manipulation in HIV-1 infected cells for improved HIV-1 treatment and diagnosis." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26551.
Full textCollege of Science, Engineering and Technology
Ph. D. (Science, Engineering and Technology)
Reddy, Kavidha. "The role of APOBEC3G in acute and early HIV-1 subtype C infection." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11111.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2014.
Lugongolo, Masixole Yvonne. "Using sodium bisulphite treatment and PCR to construct mammalian anti-HIV-1 long hairpin RNA expression cassettes." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4686.
Full textRNA interference (RNAi) is a gene silencing mechanism that uses short RNA duplexes to block gene expression. This mechanism has been widely explored to determine functions of genes. Furthermore, this phenomenon has been used to silence unwanted genes such as viral genes. RNAi has been successfully employed in non-mammalian organisms such as plants, where long dsRNAs (more than 30 bp) have been used without inducing non-specific effects. However, in mammalian cells, cytoplasmic dsRNAs of more than 30 bp trigger non-specific induction of many genes, which may result from the activation of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and 2’,5’-oligoadenylate synthetase (2’,5’-OAS), via the interferon response pathway. In this study, we describe a novel and simple strategy to overcome nonspecific effects induced by longer RNA duplexes. This strategy uses sodium bisulphite which is a mutagen that deaminates cytosine residue to uracil residues in order to introduce mutations in the sense strand of the duplex. Introduction of these mutations results in the formation of G:U pairings between the sense and antisense strands of the long hairpin RNA. RNA duplexes with mismatches have been shown to be able to prevent interferon induction in mammalian cells. According to the obtained results, long hairpins RNA with and without mismatches were unable to inhibit the expression of the target region, which was the U5 region of the HIV-1 subtype C LTR. The U5 region of the LTR is actively involved in the reverse transcription of HIV-1. Therefore silencing of this region would have led to the inhibition or reverse transcription blockage. Furthermore, data showed that the interferon response was induced when using these long hairpin RNA duplexes. Due to the sensitivity of mammalian cells, the action of sodium bisulphite could have stimulated certain genes of the interferon pathway. Even though hairpins constructed in this study were unable to prevent the induction of the interferon response pathway and also could not silence the target, this strategy of using sodium bisulphite has a great potential as shown by its ability to induce changes in cytosine residues and leaving other nucleotides unchanged.
Lamb, Matthew Raymond. "Patient non-retention, loss to follow-up and death after ART initiation at HIV care and treatment facilities in sub-Saharan Africa: the influence of adherence support and outreach services." Thesis, 2011. https://doi.org/10.7916/D82R4ZJH.
Full textGanesh, Shayhana. "Management of an HIV/AIDS wellness programme : a case study of the HIV Your life programme." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2529.
Full textHIV-AIDS has infected more than 37 million individuals globally and has resulted in approximately 35 million HIV-AIDS related deaths globally since its discovery 35 years ago. HIV-AIDS remains a global and local health crisis as, despite innovative and accessible HIV-AIDS prevention efforts, the disease continues to spread. UNAIDS estimated over 2 milliion new HIV-AIDS infections with 700 000 of these infections occurring in young African women in 2015, revealing that the burden of HIV-AIDS is far from over (UNAIDS, 2016). As more individuals become infected with HIV-AIDS, more infected individuals are living longer, productive lives due to the international rollout and scale-up of life-saving antiretroviral (ARV) therapy aimed at halting disease progression. In 16 years, the world has initiated over 16 million HIV-infected individuals onto ARV programmes across the world aimed at preserving first line drug effectiveness of treatment, less resistance and lower mortality and morbidity rates( UNAIDS, 2016). This number is set to double as countries across the globe take bold steps to provide ARV treatment for all, based on latest WHO guideline changes. The initiative of ARV roll out for all HIV-positive individuals globally, brings with it the challenges and complexities of infrastructure support, resource allocation, uninterrupted drug supply, global access and clinical training requirements for HIV-AIDS programmes across the globe. Quality management systems with monitoring and evaluation frameworks in particular play a pivotal role in planning, allocating and utilising resources for optimal health benefits.This research study reviews available data on the prevalence of quality management systems in HIV-AIDS healthcare and identifies gaps and smart practises towards recommendations for comprehensive global HIV-AIDS standards development. This research study aims to propose a conceptual monitoring and evaluation framework derived from quality management systems for management of HIV-AIDS private sector programmes that can be used in both public and private healthcare sectors through analysis of current conceptual frameworks in the HIV-AIDS healthcare and the HIV-AIDS programmes within the South African context of HIV-AIDS healthcare provision.
D
Magazi, Shirly. "An Assessment of Food Security Interventions for People Living with HIV/AIDS on Antiretroviral Treatment at Household Level in the Khomas Region, Namibia." Thesis, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1590_1270517611.
Full textIn the era of AIDS, food and nutrition are becoming more of a priority for many households and communities. This is more so now that treatment is available for people infected with HIV and AIDS. Food and nutrition are fundamentally intertwined with HIV transmission and the impacts of AIDS. Evidence of the ways in which food insecurity and malnutrition may interfere with the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy is well documented. Aim: The purpose of the study was to inform improvements in food security interventions for PLWHA through an investigation of existing food security interventions in the Khomas Region, Namibia.
Shoopala, Naemi Ndahambelela. "Effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV at Oshakati District Health Centre in the Republic of Namibia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6082.
Full textHealth Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
Shoopala, Naemi Ndahambemlela. "Effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV at Oshakati District Health Centre in the Republic of Namibia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6082.
Full textHealth Studies
(M.A. (Public Health))
Makgato, Valerie Kedibone. "Clinical outcomes of antiretroviral therapy patients following the implementation of new eligibility criteria in Sekhukhune District." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2367.
Full textBackground: The prevalence of HIV in South Africa has increased largely due to the combined effect of new infections, and a successfully expanded antiretroviral treatment programme, which has increased survival among people living with HIV. As the up-scaling of patients on ART has been increased, the aim of the current study was to investigate the variations of the clinical outcomes between patients initiated with CD4 < 350 and of those above 350 after the implementation of the new eligibility criteria for ARV therapy. Methods The current study used quantitative approach to retrospectively review a total of 488 records of adult patient who were registered in health facilities which were purposefully sampled from Sekhukhune District of Limpopo Province. SPSS version 23.0 was used to analyse data. Results Approximately 60% of the patients initiated on ART were having CD4 count <350 and male patients were more at 74% as compared to females at 54.7%. Patients who started ART with a baseline CD4 >350 had a high rate of lost to follow up within 3 months after start of ART at 15% than those with a baseline CD4 <350 at 10.2. More patients were lost to follow-up shortly after starting treatment at 3 months at an average of 13.8% in both CD4 counts. Majority of patients retained in care were those who started ART treatment with a baseline CD4<350 at 87.4%. Viral load completion rate at 12 months was higher than that of 6 months, at 86.8 and 80.5 respectively. Patients with a baseline CD4 >350 suppressed more than those who started ART with a baseline CD4 <350 at both 6 and 12 months at >90% suppression rate. Lastly, most of the patients died within 3 months of ART treatment and had a baseline CD4 < 350 than at 2.4% those with a baseline CD4 >350 at 0.6%. Conclusions The implementation of the new eligibility criteria of ART initiation improves the clinical outcome of patients on ART. There are still patients that are missed to be monitored viral load bloods which play a key role in determining the clinical outcomes of patients. Clinicians and nurses should adhere to the recommended time frames for monitoring of ART patients to improve clinical outcomes. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral therapy, clinical outcome, ART initiation; Eligibility Criteria;
Nixon, Krystal-Lee. "Pre-treatment preparation and loss-to-care of adults living with HIV from an antiretroviral therapy clinic in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4770.
Full textThesis (M.Med.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
Tjipura, Dinah Jorokee. "Correlation between CD4 counts and adherence to antiretrovirals in treatment patience at Katutura intermediate hospital, Windhoek, Namibia." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3217.
Full textPublic Health
M.A. (Public Health)
Phan, Ha Thi Thu Mullen Patricia D. Williams Mark L. "Hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus infections in injecting drug users in drug treatment centers in Vietnam." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3350199.
Full textRobi, Zinash Dewo. "Pre-antiretroviral services in rural Ethiopia: patient retention, factors associated with loss to follow up, and reasons for discontinuation." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10534.
Full textHealth Studies
MA (Public Health)
Saito, Suzue. "The Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy Scale-Up on Tuberculosis and Non-Communicable Diseases Health Service Utilization and Mortality Risk among the General Population in Rural South Africa, 2009-2014." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8G74X65.
Full textNegash, Tefera Girma. "Personal factors influencing patients' anti-retroviral treatment adherence in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5090.
Full textHealth Studies
M.A. (Public Health with specialisation in Medical Informatics)