Academic literature on the topic 'HLB parameter'
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Journal articles on the topic "HLB parameter"
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Du, Cheng Bin, Wei Qing Chen, and Fa Xue Wan. "Influence of HLB Parameters of Surfactants on Properties of Magneto-Rheological Fluid." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.843.
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The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) parameters of surfactants have a significant effect on properties of surfactants and determine the effects of surfactants. The magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) is prepared by using the two typical HLB parameters of surfactants including Polyethylene Glycol and oleic acid in order to improve the property of MRF. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) whose HLB parameter is 20 has strong hydrophilic. Oleic acid whose HLB parameter is 1 has strong lipophilic. The results indicate that magnetic properties of magnetic particles and rheological properties of MRF can hardly be changed by adding surfactants. The sedimentary stability of MRF adding lipophilic surfactants is superior to that of MRF adding hydrophilic surfactants, and the stability of MRF adding two surfactants increases significantly.
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Zapolski, Remigiusz, Monika Gasztych, Beata Jastrząb-Miśkiewicz, Alina Jankowska-Konsur, and Witold Musiał. "The Properties of the Monolayers of Sorbitan Lipids as Informative Factors on the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance Value of Their Mixtures, Proposed for Dermatological Applications." Molecules 30, no. 8 (2025): 1841. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30081841.
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This study investigates the correlation between the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values and the π–A isotherm parameters of surfactant monolayers composed of sorbitan esters, specifically sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monooleate, and sorbitan sesquioleate. The surfactant mixtures were prepared, and their π-A isotherms were recorded. The HLB values calculated for each mixture were in the range 2.10–6.70. The HLB values were compared to compression parameters, including the ratios of the slopes and the ratios of the intercepts, which were between 0.19 and 4.00 and between 0.64 and 1.77, respectively, across the monolayer compression stages. The findings indicate a significant relationship between HLB values and isotherm parameters, particularly for systems with sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan sesquioleate. A value of determination coefficient of 0.95 was found for the linear equation representing the slope ratios as a function of HLB, whereas the intercept ratios, as a linear function of HLB, gave a lower value of 0.71. The results allow for the use of the π–A Langmuir isotherm to experimentally estimate the value of the HLB in mixtures of the sorbitol esters of fatty acids, whose value is an important parameter in the selection of optimized topical and transdermal formulations, highlighting the specific formulations that enhance active substance delivery while minimizing skin irritation potential.
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Ranjan, Das. "Modulation of the proton transfer dynamics of a 3-hydroxychromone dye in nonionic micelles : The role of the hydrophile-lipophile balance parameter." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 90, Aug 2013 (2013): 1093–103. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785501.
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Department of Chemistry, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata-700 126, India <em>E-mail:</em> ranjan.das68@gmail.com Fax : 91-33-25241977 <em>Manuscript received online 19 July 2012, revised 21 August 2012, accepted 22 August 2012</em> The photo physics of 2-(2<em>' </em>-furyl)-3-hydroxychromone (FHC) was explored in three different non-ionic micelles of Triton X-100, Brij-58 and Tween-20. FHC exhibits a dual emission, attributable to the excited normal (N<strong>*</strong>) and tautomer (T<strong>*</strong>) forms resulting from an excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction (N<strong>*→</strong>T<strong>*</strong>). The ESIPT dynamics of FHC in the non-ionic micelles demonstrates a dependence on the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) parameter of the surfactants by an increase in the kinetic constant of ESIPT reaction (<em><sup>k</sup></em>PT) with a decrease in HLB. A comparison of the difference in positions of the N<strong>*</strong> and T<strong>*</strong> band maxima, (V<sub>N</sub><strong><sub>*</sub> </strong>- V<sub>T*</sub>), between the micelles and polar protic solvents indicates to location of the dye in the polar palisade layer of the non-ionic micelles, which were further corroborated from the time-resolved anisotropy measurements. The slowest ESIPT dynamics in Tween-20 among the three non-ionic micelles is attributed to its relatively stronger hydration than others, and originates from its highest HLB value of 16.7, whereas a weaker hydration owing to a lower HLB value of 13.5 leads to the fastest proton-transfer dynamics in Triton X-100. However, in addition to the lower HLB value of its constituent surfactants, weaker hydration of the Triton X-100 micelles than the other two may originate from a weaker micelle-water interaction due to its more rigid environment.
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Smejkal, Gary, Vera Gross, and Alexander Lazarev. "Theoretical and Experimental Determinations of the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance (HLB) of Representative Oils and Lecithins." Colloids and Interfaces 8, no. 2 (2024): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids8020021.
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The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) is a valuable parameter used to determine the relative hydrophobicity of a compound based on its chemical structure. This semi-empirical parameter has been instrumental in formulating oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions using well-characterized ingredients with known HLB values. However, recent trends toward the use of minimally processed “virgin” oils of therapeutic or nutritional value may render the reported “required HLB” values inaccurate. Minimally processed oils can contain numerous compounds at varying or unknown concentrations, rendering the HLB value incalculable. Factors such as regional source, growing season, and processing method contribute to the variability in oil composition. Furthermore, the solubilization of lipophilic bioactives in oils can significantly alter the HLB of the oil phase in a concentration-dependent manner. This complicates the formulation of emulsions, as the HLB values of both the oil phase and emulsifiers must be closely matched to achieve stable formulations. This study presents a simple and efficient experimental method to determine an HLB value of a complex ingredient without resorting to lengthy Design-of-Experiment (DoE) matrices and trial-and-error approaches. The optimal HLB of a formulation can be determined from a series of experiments in which two well-characterized surfactants of known HLB values are mixed at varying proportions with an unknown oil phase, where the HLB of the oil is considered to match the HLB value of the surfactants combined at the proportion at which nanoemulsions with the smallest, most stable oil droplets are formed. Similarly, when the HLB values of the oil phase and other contributing components are precisely known, the unknown HLB of a complex natural surfactant can be calculated. These calculations assist in formulating emulsions efficiently and effectively by ensuring optimal compatibility among all the components.
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Tubtimsri, Sukannika, Chutima Limmatvapirat, Pornsak Sriamornsak, and Sontaya Limmatvapirat. "Determination of Required Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance Value of Modified Coconut Oil." Advanced Materials Research 1060 (December 2014): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1060.172.
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Hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) is a key parameter for formulation of emulsions. Recently, modified coconut oil (MCO) was successfully developed as antimicrobial oil and was attempted to use as active ingredient in emulsions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the required HLB of MCO. The emulsions was produced with different ratios of emulsifier mixtures of Tween® 80 and Span® 80 , giving HLB from 4.3 to 15.0 and was investigated in respect of their emulsions stability. The result showed that an emulsion with HLB value of 12 demonstrated the most stable in terms of smallest droplet size and minimal size distribution. The stability was also later confirmed by centrifugation and temperature cycling. The emulsions which possessed HLB values closed to required HLB demonstrated minimal creaming and cracking upon accelerated stability study. In conclusion, this study could provide the guideline for formulation of the stable MCO emulsions which may be further developed into suitable dosage form.
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Zuhran, M., Gatot Mudjiono, and Retno Dyah Puspitarini. "The Effect of Citrus Farming Practices on Huanglongbing (HLB) Disease Severity in Sambas, West Kalimantan." Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 12, no. 2 (2021): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jhi.12.2.108-116.
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Beberapa praktik budidaya dilaporkan mempengaruhi kesesuaian agroekosistem bagi perkembangan penyakit tanaman. Namun demikian, praktik-praktik budidaya jeruk yang mempengaruhi perkembangan penyakit huanglongbing (HLB) dan serangga vektornya yaitu kutu loncat jeruk (KLJ) Diaphorina citri belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh praktik budidaya jeruk terhadap intensitas penyakit HLB melalui survei singkat selama dua minggu pada 37 kebun jeruk yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Sambas. Parameter pengamatan adalah intensitas serangan penyakit HLB, kelimpahan KLJ, dan praktik budidaya yang diterapkan. Pengaruh praktik budidaya terhadap intensitas serangan penyakit HLB dianalisis melalui structural equation modeling berbasis partial least squares (SEM-PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat penggunaan pestisida, kualitas saluran drainase, dan kepadatan tanaman jeruk berpengaruh positif terhadap intensitas serangan penyakit HLB, sedangkan tingkat keanekaragaman vegetasi dan pemberian pupuk kimia berpengaruh negatif terhadap intensitas serangan penyakit HLB. Pengendalian gulma, kualitas tanah, dan pemangkasan pemeliharaan tidak mempengaruhi intensitas HLB. Oleh karena itu, penanaman jeruk sebaiknya menerapkan sistem polikultur, menggunakan beragam varietas, dan jarak tanam tidak terlalu rapat. Pemberian hara yang dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman jeruk terhadap serangan KLJ hendaknya ditingkatkan. Pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman disarankan dilakukan secara terpadu sehingga insektisida hanya digunakan ketika populasi hama mencapai ambang ekonomi.
 Kata kunci: huanglongbing, jeruk, kutu loncat jeruk, praktik budidaya
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Fang, Qingchao, Xin Zhao, Sunbo Li, Zhengsong Qiu, Zhiyuan Wang, and Qi Geng. "Effect of Surfactants with Different Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance on the Cohesive Force between Cyclopentane Hydrate Particles." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 9 (2022): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091255.
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Effective control of the cohesive force between hydrate particles is the key to prevent their aggregation, which then causes pipeline blockage. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value of surfactants was proposed as an important parameter for the evaluation and design of hydrate anti-agglomerants. A microscopic manipulation method was used to measure the cohesive forces between cyclopentane hydrate particles in the presence of Tween and Span series surfactants with different HLB values; moreover, the measured cohesive force was compared with the results of calculations based on the liquid bridge force model. Combined with the surface morphology and wettability of the hydrate particles, we analyzed the mechanism by which surfactants with different HLB values influence the cohesion between hydrate particles. The results show that for both Tween (hydrophilic, HLB > 10) and Span (hydrophobic, HLB < 10) surfactants, the cohesive force between cyclopentane hydrate particles decreased with decreasing HLB. The experimental results were in good agreement with the results of calculations based on the liquid bridge force model. The cohesive force between hydrate particles increased with increasing concentration of Tween surfactants, while in the case of the Span series, the cohesive force decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. In the formation process of cyclopentane hydrate particles, the aggregation of low-HLB surfactant molecules at the oil–water or gas–water interface increases the surface roughness and hydrophobicity of the hydrate particles and inhibits the formation of liquid bridges between particles, thus reducing the cohesion between particles. Therefore, the hydrate aggregation and the associated blockage risks can be reduced.
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Flores-Sánchez, J. L., G. Mora-Aguilera, E. Loeza-Kuk, et al. "Diffusion Model for Describing the Regional Spread of Huanglongbing from First-Reported Outbreaks and Basing an Area Wide Disease Management Strategy." Plant Disease 101, no. 7 (2017): 1119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-16-0418-re.
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Huanglongbing (HLB), a recent worldwide spreading disease on citrus, was detected in July 2009 in Yucatan State of Mexico. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fit of diffusion and classic disease gradient models to large-scale HLB spatial data originated from initial foci to improve sampling, monitoring, and control strategies for Diaphorina citri, vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), putative agent of HLB. Four transect routes were selected: Yuc-1, Yuc-2, QRoo-1, and QRoo-2, based on the directionality of the prevailing winds and foci location of HLB infected plants. In these routes, 35 sites, 5 to 20 km apart, were selected for monthly evaluation during a 12-month period. A 10-insect sample and disease incidence and severity of HLB, further confirmed by PCR, were assessed per site. Mexican lime was more vulnerable (67.5%) than sweet orange (14%). Also, leaf symptoms were mostly found with homogeneous distribution but rarely reaching 100% of the tree canopy during the 12-month period. The diffusion model provided the best fit among the family of time-gradient curves (r2 = 0.90 to 0.99) due to the flexibility of a three-parameter model. The gradients were well conformed to the model in a 25 to 82.6 km range, having the east-west direction the longest effect. Yuc-2 and QRoo-2 transects showed 82.6 and 43.9 km gradients with a diffusion coefficient (Do) of 0.15 and 0.09, respectively. This study constitutes the first quantitative evidence of the regional spread of CLas from a single focus and the application of a flexible model that improved the fit and allowed to better compare different gradients. These results are useful to determine the size of Regional Areas of Diaphorina citri Control (ARCO), a management program currently implemented in Mexico to combat HLB.
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Wangpradit, Nuntika, Susanna Macha, Nabeelah Phooteh, Nurakmal Yusohyo, Amuna Waedoloh, and Sirikhwan Manee. "Determination of required hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil and development of stable cream formulation." OCL 29 (2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2022011.
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Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil is reported to use for the treatment of skin disease by Thai folk medicine. Its hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value is very important for developing a stable cream formulation. This study aimed to determine the required hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (rHLB) value of Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil and to develop a stable cream formulation. Herbal cream containing Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil was prepared by phase inversion temperature technique using water, Tween80, and Span60. The first series of 11 emulsions with HLB values ranging from 5.0 to 15.0 and the second series of eight emulsions with a smaller interval in HLB values from 5.0 to 7.8 were prepared. rHLB of coconut oil was also determined for validation of methodology. Creaming index is the established parameter to determine rHLB and to develop stable emulsion. Emulsions with optimum emulsifier concentration resulted in less percentage-creaming index. Utilizing determined rHLB, Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu cream was formulated and evaluated for different physical parameters including viscosity, color, odor, texture, and pH. Finally, the results showed the rHLB value of coconut oil and Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil was 5.4 and 6.2, respectively. The stable creams were developed with a 3% emulsifier. Physical parameters were found to be consistent over 6 cycles of accelerated stability test under 4 and 45○C. Physical properties of cream evaluation ensure the stability of the developed cream. rHLB value of Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil was exhibited, and the stable creams were successfully formulated by utilizing determined rHLB.
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Periadnadi, Periadnadi, Diah Kharisma Sari, and Nurmiati Nurmiati. "ISOLASI DAN KEBERADAAN KHAMIR POTENSIAL PEMFERMENTASI NIRA AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr.) DARI DATARAN RENDAH DAN DATARAN TINGGI DI SUMATERA BARAT." Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi 4, no. 1 (2018): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v4i1.5927.
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Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakter khamir potensial pemfermentasi nira aren segar dari dataran rendah dan dataran tinggi di Sumatera Barat. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen yang hasilnya disajikan secara deskriptif. Parameter yang diamati meliputi total mikroba, total khamir, uji potensi isolat khamir melalui uji fermentasi, karakter morfologi isolat khamir potensial pemfermentasi secara in vitro, serta analisis biokimiawi nira aren. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan mikroba alami nira aren tertinggi terdapat pada sampel PAM1 (168 x 104 cfu/ml), total khamir tertinggi terdapat pada sampel HLB (85 x 104 cfu/ml), sedangkan presentase khamir tertinggi terdapat pada sampel HLB (69,1%). Uji potensi isolat melalui uji fermentasi diperoleh 5 isolat yang positifmemfermentasi alkohol. Berdasarkan karakter morfologi isolat-isolat khamir dari beberapa lokasi sampel secara in vitro didapatkan 3 isolat genus Hanseniaspora, 1 isolat genus Schizosaccharomyces, dan 1 isolat genus Saccharomyces.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HLB parameter"
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Abels, Manuel. "Einfluss der aktiven venösen Drainage an der HLM auf laborchemische und klinische Parameter: Vergleich mit der konventionellen venösen Drainage." Diss., lmu, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-14070.
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LACOURT, REVERDY DOMINIQUE. "Etude comparative des parametres cliniques et immunologiques pre et post greffe des transplantes renaux porteurs ou non de l'antigene hladrw6." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT060M.
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Ponte, MauriclÃcio Franco. "Association of HLA CLASS II alleles (DRB1 and DQB1) with clinical features and hematological parameters in sickle cell anemia." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16555.
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Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disease, often, but not exclusively, in individuals of African origin. In the black Brazilian population there is a prevalence from 0.1 to 0.3% tending to affect an ever larger portions due to miscegenation. Specific alleles of the HLA system and may influence the risk of appearance of clinical symptoms in patients with SCA, whereas their genotypes may serve as useful markers in identifying the risk for certain clinical manifestations. The study was a randomized-case control in order to evaluate the association of alleles of the HLA class II system with clinical features and hematological parameters of patients with SCA. The genotyping were performed for the DRB1 and DQB1 loci from 62 individuals diagnosed with SCA and 86 healthy individuals (HbA2) used as controls. Allele frequencies (Fa) were obtained by direct counting and calculated by the formula Fa = a / 2n. In the group with SCA the five most common HLA-DRB1 alleles were DRB1*04 (16.9%), DRB1*01 (12.9%), DRB1 * 08 (12.1%), DRB1 * 07 and DRB1 * 11 (both 11.3%), which represent 64.5% of the total variability of the 13 analyzed specificities. The three most frequent alleles were HLA-DQB1 DQB1*03 (45.2%), DQB1*05 (18.5%) and DQB1*06 (16.9%), corresponding to 80.6% of the total variability of the 5 analyzed specificities. For the control group the five most frequent HLA-DRB1 alleles were DRB1*04 (16.3%), DRB1*13 (15.1%), DRB1*08 and DRB1*15 (both 11.6%) and DRB1*07 (8.1%), which represent 62.7% of the total variability of the 13 analyzed specificities. The HLA-DQB1, the three most frequent alleles were DQB1*03 (32.0%), DQB1*06 (22.7%) and DQB1 *05 (19.2%), corresponding to 73.9% of the total variability of the 5 analyzed specificities. Regarding cerebrovascular accident (CVA), the DRB1*15 and DQB1*06 (p = 0.0033 and p = 0.0077, respectively) showed a high frequency in patients who developed stroke. For acute chest syndrome (STA), the DRB1*01 (p = 0.0398) and DQB1*06 (p = 0.0057) were the most frequent allele in the group STA, while the DRB 1*01 alleles (p = 0.03980) and DQB1 * 05 (p = 0.0446) were more frequent in patients without STA. There were no significant associations with painful vaso-occlusive crises. Total hemoglobin and hematocrit (p = 0.045 and 0.0036, respectively), and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) (p = 0.024) were the only hematological parameters that had significant association with the DQB1 locus being responsible for this association. Regarding HbF, the DQ02 and DQ06 alleles were associated with lower and higher
levels, respectively, of this hemoglobin fraction in the patients studied (p = 0.015). Our results provide the first evidence that the HLA genes are involved in modification of the clinical course or onset of complications in individuals with SCA in Brazil.<br>A anemia falciforme (AF) à uma doenÃa hereditÃria, frequente, mas nÃo exclusiva, em indivÃduos de origem africana. Na populaÃÃo negra brasileira hà uma prevalÃncia de 0,1 a 0,3% tendendo a atingir parcelas cada vez maiores devido à miscigenaÃÃo. Alelos especÃficos do sistema HLA e seus haplÃtipos podem influenciar o risco de surgimento de manifestaÃÃes clÃnicas em pacientes com AF, ao passo que os seus genÃtipos podem atuar como marcadores Ãteis na identificaÃÃo do risco para determinadas manifestaÃÃes clÃnicas. O estudo foi do caso-controle randomizado, com o intuito de avaliar a associaÃÃo dos alelos do sistema HLA de classe II com caracterÃsticas clÃnicas e parÃmetros hematolÃgicos de pacientes com AF. Foram realizadas genotipagens para os loci DRB1 e DQB1 de 62 indivÃduos com diagnÃstico de AF, e de 86 indivÃduos saudÃveis (HbA2) usados como controle. As frequÃncias alÃlicas (Fa) foram obtidas pela contagem direta, e calculadas pela fÃrmula Fa = a/2n. No grupo com AF os cinco alelos HLA-DRB1 mais frequentes foram DRB1*04 (16,9%), DRB1*01 (12,9%), DRB1*08 (12,1%), DRB1*07 e DRB1*11 (ambos com 11,3%), os quais representam 64,5% da variabilidade total das 13 especificidades analisadas. Os trÃs alelos HLA-DQB1 mais frequentes foram DQB1*03 (45,2%), DQB1*05 (18,5%) e DQB1*06 (16,9%), correspondendo a 80,6% da variabilidade total dos 5 alelos analisados. Para o grupo controle os cinco alelos HLA-DRB1 mais frequentes foram DRB1*04 (16,3%), DRB1*13 (15,1%), DRB1*08 e DRB1*15 (ambos com 11,6%) e DRB1*07 (8,1%), os quais representam 62,7% da variabilidade total dos alelos avaliados para esse grupo. Quanto ao HLA-DQB1, os trÃs alelos mais frequentes foram o DQB1*03 (32,0%), DQB1*06 (22,7) e DQB1*05 (19,2%), correspondendo a 73,9% da variabilidade total dos alelos avaliados nesse grupo.Com relaÃÃo ao acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) os alelos DRB1*15 e DQB1*06 (p = 0,0033 e p = 0,0077, respectivamente) apresentaram uma frequÃncia elevada nos pacientes que manifestaram AVC. Para à sÃndrome torÃcica aguda (STA), os alelos DRB1*01 (p = 0,0398) e DQB1*06 (p = 0,0057) foram os mais frequentes no grupo com STA, enquanto que os alelos DRB1*01 (p =0,03980) e DQB1*05 (p = 0,0446) foram mais frequentes no grupo de pacientes que sem STA. NÃo foram encontradas associaÃÃes significativas com as dolorsas crises de vaso-oclusÃo. A hemoglobina total e o hematÃcrito (p = 0,045 e 0,0036, respectivamente) e a hemoglobina fetal (HbF)(p = 0,024), foram os Ãnicos parÃmetros hematolÃgico
que tiveram associaÃÃo significativa, sendo o locus DQB1 responsÃvel por essa associaÃÃo. Em relaÃÃo à HbF, os alelos DQ02 e DQ06, foram associados a nÃveis mais baixos e mais altos, respectivamente, dessa fraÃÃo de hemoglobina nos pacientes estudados (p = 0,015). Nossos resultados fornecem a primeira evidÃncia de que os genes do sistema HLA estÃo envolvidos na modificaÃÃo do curso clÃnico e do surgimento de complicaÃÃes em indivÃduos com anemia falciforme no Brasil.
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Agostini, S. "ROLE OF HHV-8 VIRAL PARAMETERS AND KIR/HLA COMPLEXES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLASSIC AND EPIDEMIC KAPOSI'S SARCOMA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/217457.
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Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare vascular tumor of the skin related to Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection. Based on clinical and pathological characteristics, KS is divided in four different forms: classic KS (cKS), epidemic (or AIDSassociated) KS, endemic KS and iatrogenic KS. Although the link between HHV-8 and disease has been demonstrated, it is important to note that the HHV-8 infection is necessary but not sufficient to develop the disease: many important aspects remain to be elucidated, regarding both viral factors, as presence of antibody anti-HHV-8, viral transmission and pathogenic potential of different viral
genotypes, and host predisposition to tumor development, different from person to person. Natural killer cells are central components of the innate immune response against viral infection and tumor growth: the modulation of their activity is a complex and multi factorial phenomenon triggered by the binding of inhibitory or activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) to class I human
leukocyte antigens (HLAs). For these reasons, the objective of this thesis is to verify whether the development of cKS and epidemic KS is related with particular HHV-8 viral parameters (viral load, genotype) or with particular host KIR/HLA receptor/ligand genotype, comparing cKS and epidemic KS patients with the appropriate control groups. Regarding the viral parameters, anti-HHV-8 antibodies were detected in all (100%) cKS patients, and in 80% of epidemic KS patients, whereas they are present in 50% of HIV+ healthy individuals and in 10% of HIVhealthy
donors only (p<0.0001). Moreover, when the HHV-8 genotypes were analyzed, A subtype was significantly more frequently isolated in cKS patients with
fast progression of the disease (63.6% vs 23.1%), whereas C subtype in individuals with slow progression (76.9% vs 36.4%; p=0.003). Regarding the host genetic aspects, activating KIRs, toghether with their HLA ligands, were more frequent in cKS and epidemic KS compared to non-KS subjects, regardless of the presence or absence of HHV-8 or HIV infection. Considering the activating KIR one by one, the KIR2DS2 gene was significantly prevalent in both cKS and epidemic KS patients (p=0.02 for both), whereas KIR2DS1 and KIR3DS1 genes were more prevalent in cKS patients (p=0.02 and p=0.04 respectively). Moreover,
considering the KIR/HLA complexes, the activating KIR2DS1/C2 genotype was
positively associated with cKS development (p=0.01). Finally, the inhibitory KIR distribution, as well as the HLA ligand distribution alone, did not reveal any statistical association with cKS or epidemic KS. In conclusion, this study shows that 1) the A genotype of HHV-8 is associated with worst clinical parameters of KS, including faster progression, 2) that a KIR/HLA “activating milieu” is present in cKS
and epidemic KS and that such milieu may be a risk factor for the development of the tumor.
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Spadazzi, Gianluca. "Sviluppo di un sistema di e-health per il tracciamento dei parametri vitali nella gestione dei traumi." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13243/.
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L’ambito medico è uno dei più importanti settori in cui l’informatica può fornire un importante contributo al fine di rendere più efficienti e meno costosi i processi ospedalieri, fornendo strumenti per semplificare, supportare, gestire e controllare il lavoro degli operatori sanitari. Nel primo capitolo verrà affrontato il tema dell'informatica in ambito sanitario, soffermandosi in particolare sulla questione dell'interoperabilità, insistendo sulla sua importanza ed effettuando quindi una panoramica degli standard utilizzati per cercare di ottenerla. Nel secondo capitolo si descrive il progetto TraumaTracker, svolto tramite la collaborazione dell’ospedale Bufalini di Cesena e di un gruppo di ricerca del DISI, che ha lo scopo di automatizzare la stesura dei report contenenti le operazioni svolte dagli operatori sui pazienti che arrivano al pronto soccorso. Si introduce quindi la visione dell'infrastruttura GT2, che si pone al di sopra dei sistemi già presenti all'interno dell'ospedale, e si occupa di interagire con essi in modo tale da fornire servizi alle applicazioni, semplificando il loro sviluppo. Nel terzo capitolo si illustra il lavoro da me svolto all'interno del progetto TraumaTracker, ovvero lo sviluppo del servizio web che si occupa del recupero e del tracciamento dei parametri vitali dei pazienti. Si mostra lo sviluppo di una libreria che si occupa dell'interfacciamento con l'Infinity Gateway di Draeger, server che raccoglie i parametri vitali dei pazienti, per poi passare allo sviluppo di un microservizio che, servendosi della libreria, fornisce delle API alle le applicazioni che hanno la necessità di ottenere i parametri vitali dei pazienti, e infine allo sviluppo di un'applicazione web per visualizzare i parametri vitali dei pazienti da remoto e manipolare le informazioni di cui il sistema ha bisogno per funzionare. In appendice si può consultare una panoramica sulle tecnologie, architetture e strumenti utilizzati per lo sviluppo del software.
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Marijana, Đorđević. "Uticaj prehrambenih vlakana šećerne repe i jabuke na reološke parametre testa i kvalitet bezglutenskog hleba." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2020. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=114158&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Sagledavajući značaj nutritivne vrednosti bezglutenskog hleba u prevenciji dodatnih zdravstvenih poremećaja kod obolelih od celijakije, kao i prisutnog trenda bezglutenske ishrane, u okviru ove disertacije analizirana je mogućnost obogaćenja bezglutenskog hleba prehrambenim vlaknima. Ispitan je uticaj različite vrste i količine (3, 5, 7%) prehrambenih vlakana (vlakna šećerne repe i vlakna jabuke), količine hidroksipropil metil celuloze - HPMC (2, 3, 4%) i količine vode (180–230%) na reološke osobine bezglutenskog testa (svojstva proticanja i viskoelastične osobine), kvalitet i nutritivnu vrednost bezglutenskog hleba. Rezultati ove disertacije ukazuju da dodatak vlakana šećerne repe i jabuke ne umanjuje pozitivan uticaj HPMC na reološke osobine bezglutenskog testa, formiranje i ojačavanje njegove strukture. Bezglutenski hleb privlačne boje, veće zapremine, manje tvrdoće sredine i odličnih senzorskih karakteristika dobijen je kod uzoraka sa 4% HPMC, 3, 5 ili 7% vlakana šećerne repe/jabuke i 220%/190% vode. Sadržaj ukupnih prehrambenih vlakana kod uzoraka sa 3% vlakana je iznad 4,5 g/100 g, a kod uzoraka sa 7% vlakana čak oko 6 g/100 g bezglutenskog hleba. Postignut sadržaj ukupnih prehrambenih vlakana je iznad propisane vrednosti za proizvode koji mogu biti nosioci nutritivne izjave „izvor vlakana“, čime je ostvaren cilj ove disertacije.<br>Considering the importance of the gluten-free bread nutritional value in the prevention of additional health disorders in patients with celiac disease, as well as the arising gluten-free diet trend, the possibility of enriching gluten-free bread with dietary fibers was analyzed within this dissertation. The influence of different types and amounts (3, 5, 7%) of dietary fibers (sugar beet and apple fibers), the amount of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose - HPMC (2, 3, 4%) and the amount of water (180–230%) on rheological properties of gluten-free batter (flow and viscoelastic properties), quality and nutritional value of gluten-free bread. The results of this dissertation indicate that the addition of sugar beet and apple fibers does not diminish the positive influence of HPMC on the rheological properties of the gluten-free batter, the formation and strengthening of its structure. Gluten-free bread with appealing color, higher volume, lower hardness and excellent sensory characteristics was obtained in samples with 4% HPMC, 3, 5 or 7% sugar beet/apple fibers and 220%/190% water. The total dietary fibers content in samples with 3% fibers is above 4.5 g/100 g, and in samples with 7% fibers approximately 6 g/100 g of gluten-free bread. The accomplished total dietary fibers content is above the prescribed value for products that may bear the nutritional statement "source of fiber", thus achieving the goal of this dissertation.
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Shih-Yu, Chang, and 張世諭. "The parameter estimation of violating local independence － the comparison between BILOG-MG and the software of HLM." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74051966503248177100.
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碩士<br>國立臺中教育大學<br>教育測驗統計研究所<br>96<br>There are four important assumptions in item response theory. Item response models entail strong assumptions, and the benefits they offer would be accrue only when the assumptions hold. One important assumption made in item response theory is the assumption of local independence. In fact, the situations of the violation of local independence assumption may be produced among items by many conditions, such as testlet test or speed test. This lack of conditional independence, if ignored by applying item response models using the assumption of local independence, will result in the bias of the parameter estimation. Therefore, it is an important issue that reducing the bias of the parameter estimation when the items exist the violation of local independence assumption.
This research utilize the method of the computer simulation to explore the effect of the estimating conditions of Rasch model and 1-P HGLLM when items exist the violation of local independence assumption. Three factors are considered in this simulation study. They are number of items, sample size and degree of local dependence. This study uses testlet response model to produce the simulate data, then estimates parameter by the software of BILOG-MG and HLM6.03. Finally, this research uses goodness-of-recovery to analyze the proficiency estimates of these two software. The main findings are as follows.
1.When the number of items is fixed, the estimation preciseness of HLM6.03 will be better than BILOG-MG.
2.When sample size is fixed, the estimation preciseness of HLM6.03 will be better than BILOG-MG on the condition of local dependence.
3.When the degree of local dependence is fixed, the robustness of HLM6.03 will be better than BILOG-MG.
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FANI, FABIOLA. "Pigment variability and photosynthetic parameters of natural and cultured Raphidophyceans." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/488457.
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The ecology and photo-acclimation mechanisms of microalgae belonging to the class Raphidophyceae were studied, both in nature and in culture. Particularly the work was focused on: Fibrocapsa japonica atypical occurrence offshore, in a cyclonic eddy in the eastern Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean Sea), and Heterosigma akashiwo photosynthetic parameter (alpha, beta and Pmax) co-variation during experiments under sinusoidal and continuous light regime, and nitrogen starvation, which were conducted at the Laboratoire d’Oceanographie, Observatoire Oceanologique, Villefranche-sur-mer, Unviersitè Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, France.
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LIN, JIUN-JI, and 林俊吉. "The Effect of Gear Hob Setting and Processing Parameters on The Gear Dry Cutting Accuracy and Tool Life." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pb7p79.
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碩士<br>國立虎尾科技大學<br>動力機械工程系機械與機電工程碩士班<br>106<br>The dry hobbing process is the most representative method in gear manufacture, which has grown rapidly recently. However, the studies on the reduced diameter of the tool after re-sharpening, with a changed meshing lead angle, and the accuracy of the generated gear were not found in the research of dry hobbing.
Therefore, experiments and analysis will be performed on the input lead angle of the hob cutter in the machine setting, due to the reduced diameter after re-sharpening in this study. The experimental study can improve the precision of hobbing tool design and machining. Moreover, introducing the concept of correcting lead angle to the gear manufacturing industry is helpful to the industry.
It is also found that the modification of tool lead angle input in the machine can improve gear cutting accuracy and tool life through the experimental study in this study. The design and analysis of experiments was applied to find out the optimum machining parameters for hobbing process. Compared with the previous methods that only rely on operators' experience, the optimum method saves blind test time and improves hobbing technology and efficiency.
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Abels, Manuel [Verfasser]. "Einfluss der aktiven venösen Drainage an der HLM auf laborchemische und klinische Parameter : Vergleich mit der konventionellen venösen Drainage / vorgelegt von Manuel Abels." 2003. http://d-nb.info/96943555X/34.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "HLB parameter"
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Méndez Zorrilla, Amaia, and Begoña García Zapirain. "Pathological Vocal Folds Quantitative Parameters Exchange Using HL7 Standard." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35395-6_16.
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Orazi, Gilles, Marianne Marot, Iheb Khelifi, Léa Robert, and Franck Le Gall. "Early Warning of Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB): A Low-Cost Integrated IoT Device with Spectrofluorometry and Automated Plankton Imaging." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78572-6_11.
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Abstract This paper presents the development of a prototype automated device designed to monitor sea water quality and provide early warnings of potential harmful algal bloom (HAB) outbreaks. HABs pose a significant threat to aquaculture operations and marine ecosystems due to their ability to cause mass mortalities of fish and shellfish. The device integrates a low-cost custom spectrofluorometer capable of measuring absorption and fluorescence spectra of liquid samples, and an automated plankton imager adapted from an open-source design. Key aimed sensing parameters include nutrients, chlorophyll, water temperature, and phytoplankton presence. The affordability of the device is targeted by using low-cost components and integrating the spectrofluorometer and plankton imager into a single unit driven by an embedded computer. Machine learning algorithms are employed for real-time anomaly detection from the multivariate sensor data streams to provide early alerts of potential HAB events. Initial results demonstrate the device’s ability to detect low concentrations of fluorescent dyes and phytoplankton, and the effectiveness of an adaptive anomaly detection approach on real aquarium data.
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Saeed, Muhammad, Hassaan Muhammad, Narmeen Sabah, et al. "Reinforcement Learning to Improve Finite Element Simulations for Shaft and Hub Connections." In ARENA2036. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-88831-1_26.
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Abstract Advancements in technology and numerical methods have shifted from slow, resource-intensive software to faster predictive solutions powered by artificial intelligence (AI). An exemplary case is the analysis of interference fit connections between a cylindrical shaft and hub, which has the potential to redefine optimal design, minimizing stress and maximizing torque transmission. Traditional experimental analysis using Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations is undeniably time-consuming, inefficient, and complex, thus necessitating the deployment of AI as a pivotal tool in industrial applications. This paper unequivocally introduces a cutting-edge technique that harnesses two powerful AI approaches: Supervised Learning and Reinforcement Learning. The Reinforcement Learning approach expounded in this paper impeccably predicts the shaft-hub geometry set, eliminating the need for iterative simulations and drastically streamlining the optimization process. In order to address this challenge, a Supervised Learning model is rigorously trained using limited data obtained from experimental structural analysis. Subsequently, the predictions from this model serve as the environment for the Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm. The customized environment in Reinforcement Learning ingeniously employs the model to refine predictions by adjusting the input parameters for different geometric sets through respective actions on the environment.
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Teske, Sven, Jaysson Guerrero Orbe, Jihane Assaf, Souran Chatterjee, Benedek Kiss, and Diana Ürge-Vorsatz. "Methodology." In Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99177-7_3.
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AbstractThe OneEarth Climate Model (OECM), its background, and program architecture are described. How the OECM is broken down into two independent modules to calculate demand and supply is explored. The basic program logic of the MATLAB-based bottom-up demand module, with high technical resolution, is described for various sectors, including the input and output parameters. The description includes numerous figures and tables for both demand and supply modules. The sub-sectors used for the OECM 1.5 °C pathway are listed, including outputs and the areas of use.The second part of the chapter documents the high-efficiency building (HEB) model of the Central European University, which was used for the global and regional bottom-up analyses of the building sector. Its methodology, including the programme architecture, the workflow, and the equations used, is provided.
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Volk, H. D., T. Lohmann, St Heym, et al. "Decrease of the Proportion of HLA-DR+ Monocytes as Prognostic Parameter for the Clinical Outcome of Septic Disease." In Immunotherapeutic Prospects of Infectious Diseases. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76120-1_40.
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Ge, Mengyan. "Assessing the Impact of Dongzhuang Water Conservancy Hub on Vegetation Ecological Distribution Based on Numerical Simulation and Machine Learning." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9184-2_33.
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AbstractThe current assessment of the ecological benefit of reservoirs commonly lacks quantitative calculation of actual ecological distribution. The spatial distribution prediction of vegetation growth generally requires the concurrent application of multiple numerical models, which are complicated and involve numerous parameters. This research comprehensively utilized a surface hydrodynamics numerical model and machine learning method to construct a flow-based vegetation growth prediction model. The ecological impact during the storage period and regulation period after the completion of the Dongzhuang Water Conservancy Hub was calculated and analyzed. The results indicate that the regulation period after the construction of the reservoir has a minor impact on vegetation growth in comparison to pre-construction flow conditions in the normal flow years. The limited extent and magnitude of regional NDVI decline induced by the reservoir storage period will gradually recover after the beginning of reservoir regulation. The formulated vegetation growth prediction model can reflect the relevant influence processes on NDVI to a certain extent and alleviate the complexity of prediction.
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Setiati, Rini, Aqlyna Fatahanissa, Shabrina Sri Riswati, Septoratno Siregar, and Deana Wahyuningrum. "Potential of Bagasse as Raw Material for Lignosulfonate Surfactant." In Sugarcane [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96373.
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Anionic surfactants are generally used in surfactant injections because they are good, resistant in storage and stable. Furthermore, Commercially, anions are produced in the form of carboxylates, sulfates, sulfonates, phosphates, or phosphonates. The surfactants used in the process of implementing Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) are generally petroleum-based, such as Petroleum Sulfonate. Therefore, an increase in oil price, leads to an increase in the price of surfactant and the operational costs becomes relatively expensive. Lignosulfonate is a type of anionic surfactant which is made with lignin as raw material. This lignin is found in many plants, including wood stalks, plant leaves, peanut shells, corn cobs, bagasse, empty bunches of oil palm and wheat straw. Based on the results of previous studies, 25% of lignin component was discovered in bagasse. This may be a consideration that there is enough lignin in bagasse to be used as raw material in the production of lignosulfonate vegetable surfactants. Furthermore, lignin from bagasse is used because bagasse is easy to obtain, cheap and an environmental friendly vegetable waste. Currently, bagasse is only used as fuel in steam boilers and papermaking, cement and brick reinforcement, a source of animal feed, bioethanol, activated charcoal as adsorbent and compost fertilizer. This is a consideration to optimize the use of bagasse to become lignosulfonate as an alternative for surfactants in the petroleum sector. The purpose of this study is to show that lignin from bagasse has the potential of becoming a lignosulfonate surfactant. There are several studies that have processed bagasse into sodium lignosulfonate. The component test on the results showed that the surfactant component of sodium lignosulfonate from bagasse was almost the same as the commercial standard lignosulfonate component. Furthermore, the results of the HLB (Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance) value test show that the sodium lignosulfonate surfactant from bagasse can function as an emulsion form which is a required parameter for the surfactant injection mechanism. Based on the discussion of the study results, bagasse has the potential as a raw material to be processed into lignosulfonates.
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Lyon, Matthew, and Prabodh Varanasi. "Using HLD as a framework for solutions without your parameters." In Surfactant Formulation Engineering using HLD and NAC. Elsevier, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821481-7.00005-8.
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Teja, Lakshmi Nivas, Rashi Chaudhary, Shreyas Tiwari, and Rajesh Saha. "Elimination of the Impact of Trap Charges through Heterodielectric BOX in Nanoribbon FET." In Nanoelectronic Devices and Applications. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815238242124010014.
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In this study, a heterodielectric BOX (HDB) Nanoribbon FET (NR-FET) is built using the TCAD device simulator to reduce the effect of trap charges on numerous electrical properties in traditional NR-FETs. Initially, a reasonable study in terms of transfer characteristics of NR-FET is highlighted between homodielectric and HD BOX. Because of the existence of high-k dielectric below the drain area, it is assumed that the impact of trap charges is insignificant in HDB NR-FET. Furthermore, the trap charge effect on transconductance (gm ), total gate capacitance (Cgg), and cut-off frequency (fc ) in HDB NR-FETs are investigated. Higher-order harmonics of gm (gm2 and gm3) and linearity parameters are studied for HDB NR-FET in a series of steps. Finally, the effect of temperature on input characteristics, gm , Cgg, fc , gm2, gm3, and linearity behavior for HDB NR-FET is investigated in the presence of trap charges.
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Lloret, Tomás, Marta Morales-Vidal, and Inmaculada Pascual. "Optical Tools for Holographic Lens Design in Anidolic Solar Applications." In Holography and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1007654.
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This book chapter provides an overview of how holographic lenses (HLs) applied as anidolic systems (solar concentrators) have evolved to optimize the characteristics of current photovoltaic devices. The main parameters to be considered in the design of these HLs are described, such as average diffraction efficiency, acceptance angle, angular and spectral dependence, and the optimal number of HLs. In addition, the dynamic range of the material and the characteristics to multiplex different HLs with high diffraction efficiencies are emphasized. To this end, new strategies are proposed, such as the use of the exposure scheduling method (ESM) to improve the exposure times. This technique is compared to current techniques followed by researchers working in this field, such as the stacking of several photopolymer layers or considering a system of N holographic lenses. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of current holographic photopolymers are compared.
Conference papers on the topic "HLB parameter"
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Manjhi, Ashish Kumar, Joseph Horn, and Umberto Saetti. "A Linear Parameter-Varying Finite State Inflow Model Derived from a Free Vortex Wake Model." In Vertical Flight Society 81st Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-382.
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This paper demonstrates extraction of linear models from a state-space free wake model by applying analytical linearization, extending the research presented in (Ref. 1). Two distinct Linear Time Invariant (LTI) models are developed: the first is a high-order LTI model derived from the direct conversion of the analytical Linear Time Periodic (LTP) model, and the second is a reduced-order LTI model generated by first applying the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) model order reduction technique to the LTP model, followed by conversion. In both cases, the LTP-to-LTI conversion is achieved using harmonic decomposition. A substantial reduction in the number of wake states, from 15552 to 4050, is accomplished while maintaining a similar degree of accuracy. The time domain responses of step and doublet inputs for rotor collective and cyclic pitch are analyzed by comparing the GENHEL rotor model coupled with the LTI wake against the non-linear free wake model. Good agreement is observed in the rotor forces and hub moments. The paper investigates the feasibility of converting the linearized wake model into a linear parameter-varying inflow model with radial and azimuthal basis functions representative of a Peters-He inflow model. A least squares mapping technique is used to derive equivalent Peters-He inflow coefficients which are shown to accurately model the inflow distribution over the rotor disk and the time variation in induced velocities when compared to the non-linear free wake model.
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Hayajnh, Mahmoud, and J. V. R. Prasad. "Parametric Rotor Control Equivalent Turbulence Input (RCETI) Models for Different Rotor Configurations." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1278.
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This paper presents results from an ongoing research that aims to create Parametric Rotor Control Equivalent Turbulence Inputs (RCETI) models for different rotor configurations. In RCETI modeling, the rotor swash-plate deflections are utilized as inputs to match the turbulence-related spectra of rotor hub-loads in order to achieve the parametrization and generalization of these models. The development of the RCETI model, which aims to produce rotor loads spectra similar to those generated by two-dimensional spectra of turbulence, is conducted using a representative rotor model in FLIGHTLAB®. The effect of rotational sampling of turbulence on the rotor response is analyzed. The hub-fixed sampling, rotational sampling at 0.75R as well as the blade-element sampling of turbulence are considered and compared. Furthermore, parametric analysis is carried out to study the effect of altering rotor parameters on the developed RCETI model and presented in the paper.
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Chen, Xi, George Barakos, and Qijun Zhao. "Numerical Analysis of Rotor Aero-acoustic Characteristics for Ice Detection based on the HMB Solver." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12710.
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In this work, iced rotors are studied to develop insight in the potential of acoustics-based ice detection. Based on the HMB CFD solver, approximate iced shapes are used and results are analyzed using the FW-H method. Several candidate monitoring positions are assessed for acoustic sensors to be placed on the helicopter fuselage. The influence of ice on the aero-acoustic characteristics of a rotor is calculated, and parameters such as the ice amount and the icing position on the blade are quantified.
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Dejean, Herve, Eric Gaussier, Cyril Goutte, and Kenji Yamada. "Reducing parameter space for word alignment." In the HLT-NAACL 2003 Workshop. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1118905.1118910.
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Whitman, Brian, Deb Roy, and Barry Vercoe. "Learning word meanings and descriptive parameter spaces from music." In the HLT-NAACL 2003 workshop. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1119212.1119225.
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Yuan, Ping, Feng Ding, and Peter X. Liu. "HLS parameter estimation for multi-input multi-output systems." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.2008.4543312.
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Bu, Xingang, Ming Han, Abdulkareem AlSofi, and Alhasan Fuseni. "An Improved HLD-NAC Model for Microemulsion Phase Behavior Study." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200122-ms.
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Abstract Microemulsion phase behavior studies are essential for screening surfactants for improving oil production. The paper presents a modified Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Deviation – Net Average Curvature (HLD-NAC) model to explicitly express the solubilization ratio with respect to a newly defined inherent parameter representing surfactant properties. It also provides a workflow to extract the critical parameters from experimental results for numerical simulation of a chemical flooding process. The equations were derived to calculate the window of Winsor Type III microemulsion. The HLD-NAC model was improved to make the solubilization ratio explicitly expressed with the inherent parameter composed of head area (as), tail length (L) and molecular weight of the surfactants (Mw). An innovated workflow was developed to integrate the microemulsion phase behavior scanning results with the HLD-NAC model. The HLD-NAC model was validated with experimental data of various surfactant formulations. The inherent parameter was applied in the improved HLD-NAC model, making it efficient for modeling microemulsion phase behavior scanning. The data of solubilization ratio and phase volume fraction were well fit in the model without needing to know the details of surfactant properties. This simplified the input of HLD-NAC parameters and made the output more accurate. The HLD-NAC model was successfully validated by experiments with various formulations including surfactant with alcohol, surfactant mixtures, and sodium carbonate-surfactant mixtures. By automatically obtaining the inherent parameter, the improved HLD-NAC model provides a promising application of microemulsion phase behavior in numerical simulation of chemical flooding. The HLD-NAC model is modified by defining an inherent parameter from experimental results of microemulsion phase behavior scanning. This makes it applicable to generate the solubilization ratio parameter for numerical simulation of chemical flooding.
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Lyon, Matthew. "Using HLD to Find Solutions, Without Knowing Your Parameters." In Virtual 2020 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am20.186.
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Mutzel, Timo, Christian Hubrich, and Johannes Tasch. "Impact of Mechanical Parameters on Switching Results of Electro-Mechanical Contactors." In 2021 IEEE 66th Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (HLM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hlm51431.2021.9671118.
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van Zyl, Gys, Daniel Francis, and Mark Ruffin. "Flange Design Factors for the ASME BPVC Over Extended Parameter Ranges." In ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-106068.
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Abstract The design of bolted flange joints according to the ASME BPVC uses the Taylor Forge method, first published in 1949. This method uses geometric factors (F, V and f for integral flanges and FL and VL for loose flanges) in the calculation of stresses in a tapered hub flange. The ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1 provides charts and equations that can be used to calculate the factors. The charts are provided over a range of hub thickness ratios (g1/g0) from 1 to 5, and for hub length parameters (h/h0) between 0 and 2. Section VIII, Division 2 uses the same factors, but provides a different set of equations to calculate the factors. Within the parameter ranges of the Division 1 charts, the Division 1 and Division 2 equations give essentially the same results, but the methods diverge for parameters outside the chart ranges. This paper will describe the origin of the geometric factor curves and problems that arise when using the Division 1 and Division 2 flange design factor equations outside the parameter ranges of the Division 1 charts. New equations for the flange design factors that are valid over extended parameter ranges were derived from the original closed-form solution of the tapered hub flange and are proposed as an improvement to the current equations used in ASME Section VIII, Division 1 and Division 2.
Reports on the topic "HLB parameter"
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Sham, T. Historical Context and Perspective on Allowable Stresses and Design Parameters in ASME Section III, Division 5, Subsection HB, Subpart B. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1773043.
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Saltus, Christina, Molly Reif, and Richard Johansen. waterquality for ArcGIS Pro Toolbox. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42240.
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Monitoring water quality of small inland lakes and reservoirs is a critical component of USACE water quality management plans. However, limited resources for traditional field-based monitoring of numerous lakes and reservoirs that cover vast geographic areas often leads to reactional responses to harmful algal bloom (HAB) outbreaks. Satellite remote sensing methodologies using HAB indicators is a good low-cost option to traditional methods and has been proven to maximize and complement current field-based approaches while providing a synoptic view of water quality (Beck et al. 2016; Beck et al. 2017; Beck et al. 2019; Johansen et al. 2019; Mishra et al. 2019; Stumpf and Tomlinson 2007; Wang et al. 2020; Xu et al. 2019; Reif 2011). To assist USACE water quality management, we developed an ESRI ArcGIS Pro desktop software toolbox (waterquality for ArcGIS Pro) that was founded on the design and research established in the waterquality R software package (Johansen et al. 2019; Johansen 2020). The toolbox enables the detection, monitoring, and quantification of HAB indicators (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity) using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Four tools are available 1) to automate the download of Sentinel-2 Level-2A imagery, 2) to create stacked image with options for cloud and non-water features masks, 3) to apply water quality algorithms to generate relative estimations of one to three water quality parameters (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity), and 4) to create linear regression graphs and statistics comparing in situ data (from field-based water sampling) to relative estimation data. This document serves as a user's guide for the waterquality for ArcGIS Pro toolbox and includes instructions on toolbox installation and descriptions of each tool's inputs, outputs, and troubleshooting guidance.
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Saltus, Christina, Molly Reif, and Richard Johansen. waterquality for ArcGIS Pro Toolbox : user's guide. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45362.
Full textAbstract:
Monitoring water quality of small inland lakes and reservoirs is a critical component of the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) water quality management plans. However, limited resources for traditional field-based monitoring of numerous lakes and reservoirs covering vast geographic areas often leads to reactional responses to harmful algal bloom (HAB) outbreaks. Satellite remote sensing methodologies using HAB indicators is a good low-cost option to traditional methods and has been proven to maximize and complement current field-based approaches while providing a synoptic view of water quality (Beck et al. 2016; Beck et al. 2017; Beck et al. 2019; Johansen et al. 2019; Mishra et al. 2019; Stumpf and Tomlinson 2007; Wang et al. 2020; Xu et al. 2019; Reif 2011). To assist USACE water quality management, we developed an Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS Pro desktop software toolbox (waterquality for ArcGIS Pro) founded on the design and research established in the waterquality R software package (Johansen et al. 2019; Johansen 2020). The toolbox enables the detection, monitoring, and quantification of HAB indicators (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity) using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Four tools are available: (1) automating the download of Sentinel-2 Level-2A imagery, (2) creating stacked image with options for cloud and non-water features masks, (3) applying water quality algorithms to generate relative estimations of one to three water quality parameters (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity), and (4) creating linear regression graphs and statistics comparing in situ data (from field-based water sampling) to relative estimation data. This document serves as a user’s guide for the waterquality for ArcGIS Pro toolbox and includes instructions on toolbox installation and descriptions of each tool’s inputs, outputs, and troubleshooting guidance.
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Lewis, Dustin, ed. Database of States’ Statements (August 2011–October 2016) concerning Use of Force in relation to Syria. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/ekmb4241.
Full textAbstract:
Many see armed conflict in Syria as a flashpoint for international law. The situation raises numerous unsettling questions, not least concerning normative foundations of the contemporary collective-security and human-security systems, including the following: Amid recurring reports of attacks directed against civilian populations and hospitals with seeming impunity, what loss of legitimacy might law suffer? May—and should—states forcibly intervene to prevent (more) chemical-weapons attacks? If the government of Syria is considered unwilling or unable to obviate terrorist threats from spilling over its borders into other countries, may another state forcibly intervene to protect itself (and others), even without Syria’s consent and without an express authorization of the U.N. Security Council? What began in Daraa in 2011 as protests escalated into armed conflict. Today, armed conflict in Syria implicates a multitude of people, organizations, states, and entities. Some are obvious, such as the civilian population, the government, and organized armed groups (including designated terrorist organizations, for example the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, or ISIS). Other implicated actors might be less obvious. They include dozens of third states that have intervened or otherwise acted in relation to armed conflict in Syria; numerous intergovernmental bodies; diverse domestic, foreign, and international courts; and seemingly innumerable NGOs. Over time, different states have adopted wide-ranging and diverse approaches to undertaking measures (or not) concerning armed conflict in Syria, whether in relation to the government, one or more armed opposition groups, or the civilian population. Especially since mid-2014, a growing number of states have undertaken military operations directed against ISIS in Syria. For at least a year-and-a-half, Russia has bolstered military strategies of the Syrian government. At least one state (the United States) has directed an operation against a Syrian military base. And, more broadly, many states provide (other) forms of support or assistance to the government of Syria, to armed opposition groups, or to the civilian population. Against that backdrop, the Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict (HLS PILAC) set out to collect states’ statements made from August 2011 through November 2016 concerning use of force in relation to Syria. A primary aim of the database is to provide a comparatively broad set of reliable resources regarding states’ perspectives, with a focus on legal parameters. A premise underlying the database is that through careful documentation of diverse approaches, we can better understand those perspectives. The intended audience of the database is legal practitioners. The database is composed of statements made on behalf of states and/or by state officials. For the most part, the database focuses on statements regarding legal parameters concerning use of force in relation to Syria. HLS PILAC does not pass judgment on whether each statement is necessarily legally salient for purposes of international law. Nor does HLS PILAC seek to determine whether a particular statement may be understood as an expression of opinio juris or an act of state practice (though it might be).
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Eldar, Avigdor, and Donald L. Evans. Streptococcus iniae Infections in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Toward the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575286.bard.
Full textAbstract:
In Israel and in the U.S., Streptococcus iniae is responsible for considerable losses in various fish species. Poor understanding of its virulence factors and limited know-how-to of vaccine formulation and administration are the main reasons for the limited efficacy of vaccines. Our strategy was that in order to Improve control measures, both aspects should be equally addressed. Our proposal included the following objectives: (i) construction of host-pathogen interaction models; (ii) characterization of virulence factors and immunodominant antigens, with assessment of their relative importance in terms of protection and (iii) genetic identification of virulence factors and genes, with evaluation of the protective effect of recombinant proteins. We have shown that two different serotypes are involved. Their capsular polysaccharides (CPS) were characterized, and proved to play an important role in immune evasion and in other consequences of the infection. This is an innovative finding in fish bacteriology and resembles what, in other fields, has become apparent in the recent years: S. iniae alters surface antigens. By so doing, the pathogen escapes immune destruction. Immunological assays (agar-gel immunodiffusion and antibody titers) confirmed that only limited cross recognition between the two types occurs and that capsular polysaccharides are immunodominant. Vaccination with purified CPS (as an acellular vaccine) results in protection. In vitro and ex-vivo models have allowed us to unravel additional insights of the host-pathogen interactions. S. iniae 173 (type II) produced DNA fragmentation of TMB-8 cells characteristic of cellular necrosis; the same isolate also prevented the development of apoptosis in NCC. This was determined by finding reduced expression of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane leaflet of NCC. NCC treated with this isolate had very high levels of cellular necrosis compared to all other isolates. This cellular pathology was confirmed by observing reduced DNA laddering in these same treated cells. Transmission EM also showed characteristic necrotic cellular changes in treated cells. To determine if the (in vitro) PCD/apoptosis protective effects of #173 correlated with any in vivo activity, tilapia were injected IV with #173 and #164 (an Israeli type I strain). Following injection, purified NCC were tested (in vitro) for cytotoxicity against HL-60 target cells. Four significant observations were made : (i) fish injected with #173 had 100-400% increased cytotoxicity compared to #164 (ii) in vivo activation occurred within 5 minutes of injection; (iii) activation occurred only within the peripheral blood compartment; and (iv) the isolate that protected NCC from apoptosis in vitro caused in vivo activation of cytotoxicity. The levels of in vivo cytotoxicity responses are associated with certain pathogens (pathogen associated molecular patterns/PAMP) and with the tissue of origin of NCC. NCC from different tissue (i.e. PBL, anterior kidney, spleen) exist in different states of differentiation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed the "adaptation" of the bacterium to the vaccinated environment, suggesting a "Darwinian-like" evolution of any bacterium. Due to the selective pressure which has occurred in the vaccinated environment, type II strains, able to evade the protective response elicited by the vaccine, have evolved from type I strains. The increased virulence through the appropriation of a novel antigenic composition conforms with pathogenic mechanisms described for other streptococci. Vaccine efficacy was improved: water-in-oil formulations were found effective in inducing protection that lasted for a period of (at least) 6 months. Protection was evaluated by functional tests - the protective effect, and immunological parameters - elicitation of T- and B-cells proliferation. Vaccinated fish were found to be resistant to the disease for (at least) six months; protection was accompanied by activation of the cellular and the humoral branches.