Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HLV'
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Shazi-Mweli, Protasia Lily Bathelile. "Educators' attitudes towards HlV/AIDS at rural schools." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1132.
Full textOne of the most devastating diseases in. modem history as measured in terms of loss of human life is the HIV/AIDS pandemic - Approximately 200 million people have already died. Sub- Sahara Africa is the most affected with South Africa severely affected with an estimated 6 million HIV positive South Africans and 2.5 million already dead from AIDS or related illnesses. This study, located at several primary and secondary schools in the deep rural areas of the Scottsburgh circuit, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, was undertaken to investigate the trend that, despite a higher level of knowledge and exposure to information about HIV/AID amongst educators and despite comprehensive campaigns to fight HIV/AIDS, an increasing number of educators are still dying from the disease. In this study it is assumed that knowledge alone is not enough and that attitude change is central to HIV/AIDS prevention since attitudes influence the way in which persons behave. The following research questions are asked: What is the nature of educators' attitudes towards HIV/AIDS, and, are the educators' attitudes towards HIV/AIDS influenced by variables such as age, gender, religion, experience and qualification? Thus the study aims to: determine the nature of educators' attitudes towards HIV/AIDS, and find out whether or not educators' attitudes towards HIV/AIDS are influenced by characteristics such as, gender, age, experience, religion, and qualification. To determine this, a quantitative study was conducted with 71 secondary and primary school educators in the rural area of KwaZulu Natal, Scottsburgh district. The survey, a cross sectional design, involved administering a fixed response questionnaire (Likert scale type) categorized into five scales, which described the nature of educators' attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. The study revealed that there was no significant difference amongst the sampled educators' attitudes towards HIV/ADS, and that these attitudes were mostly negative. This difference was also not influenced by educators' age, gender, qualification, experience or religion. The study found that educators were still discriminating, reluctant to test themselves and disclose their HIV/AIDS status, which may be related to the failure of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. The campaign to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS in schools and m communities appears to be jeopardized by such attitudes of educators. The following was recommended: the cascading system of training educators did not work and therefore the Department of Education must ensure that every educator has an opportunity to receive training in HIV/AIDS information; that support systems (emotional, psychological, medical) for those educators infected and affected by HFV/AIDS be made available; financial allocations to HIV/AIDS prevention programmes should be increased but with better fmancial control; employment of full-time co-ordinators who are knowledgeable; provision of incentives to encourage educators to test for HIV/AIDS and programmes that provide social skills training needed for behavioural change, as well as those that aim at reducmg stigraatization, ostracism and discrimination of individuals infected. The researcher suggests that an immediate, urgent strategy to address educator attitudes towards the disease is required from the relevant government departments.
Costa, Cintia Bezerra Almeida. "Polimorfismo do HLA-G na coinfecção HIV/HCV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-21052014-181750/.
Full textThe general objective of the research was to associate the polymorphism of the gene HLA-G (region 3\' NT) with the co-infection HIV/HCV and with the groups (HIV, HCV and healthy control). It is a cross-sectional, comparative, descriptive study. 560 individuals participated of the study, being 156 healthy control individuals, 102 co- infected HIV/HCV, 186 infected by HIV and 116 by HCV. For identifying the polymorphisms, the genomic DNA was extracted from the total blood and the genotyping was made by PCR and visualized in gel of polyacrylamide at 7%, in which the polymorphism of 14pb was identified, and by sequencing the other seven SNPs. The social demographic results point that the most of the sample was composed by male adult individuals. Regarding the color of the skin, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, a bigger number of co-infected with black skin and brown-skinned was observed than in the mono infected (P=0,0001). Regarding to the category of exposition for acquisition of the HIV, in the comparison between the groups HIV and HIV/HCV, a significant difference was observed in the transmission through heterosexual exposition, being its frequency bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0000). In the case of the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the difference in the heterosexual transmission was also observed, being its frequency significantly higher in the group HIV/HCV (P=0,0001). About the finding related to the genotype of the HCV, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the genotype 1a presented higher frequency in the co- infected (P=0,0001). Regarding to the viral load of the HIV, in the comparison between the groups HIV and HIV/HCV, the group of the mono infection presented bigger viral load that the group of the co-infection (P=0,0350). Regarding to the level of hepatic fibrosis, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the group of co-infection has a lighter fibrosis that the group of the mono infection (P=0,0009). Regarding to the genetic polymorphisms of the region 3\' NT of the HLA-G, it was found that the genotype of heterozygosis Del/Ins of 14 pb, presented significant difference in the individuals co-infected by the HIV/HCV (P=0,0216) when compared with the control group. About the SNP +3003, the comparison of the groups HCV and healthy control, it was showed that the allele +3003T presented a significant higher frequency in the group HCV (P=0,0147); the genotype +3003C/T presented a higher frequency in the control group (P=0,0095); the genotype +3003T/T was bigger in the group HCV (P=0,0095). The comparison between the groups HIV and HCV showed that the frequency of the allele +3003C was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0463); and the genotype +3003T/T presented a bigger frequency in the group (P=0,0494). The frequency of the genotype +3187A/A was bigger in the group HIV/HCV in comparison to the HIV (P=0,0193); and of the +3187A/G was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0187). The genotype +3196C/G presented frequency significantly bigger in the group HIV than in the healthy control (P=0,0213). The UTR-10, in comparison between the groups HIV and control, showed bigger frequency in the group HIV (P=0,0044); when compared the groups HIV/HCV and HIV, frequency was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0300) and in the comparison between the groups HIV and HCV, its frequency was also bigger in the group (P=0,0140). The UTR-4, in the comparison of the groups HCV and healthy control, revealed a bigger frequency in the control group (P=0,0147). The UTR-9, in comparison of the groups HIV/HCV and HIV, showed bigger frequency in the group HIV/HCV (P=0,0460). Regarding to the clinical data, the presence of the allele T in the position +3035, was significantly associated to bigger viral load of the HCV, above 400.000 copies /mL (P=0,0244). About the types of genotypes of the HCV, the presence of the allele +3027C was associated with the subtype 1a of the HCV (P=0,0109). Additionally, the presence of the genotype C/C in the position +3027 was also significantly associated with the subtype 1a of the HCV (P=0,0015). Still, the allele A of the SNP +3187 was significantly associated with the other genotypes of the HCV, excluding the 1a (P=0,0369). Although the function of the gene HLA-G, is not totally clarified, studies have been developed for better elucidate its function in the physiological contexts, like gestation, and pathological, such as tumours, transplants, infectious and inflammatory diseases. These studies aim to extend the knowledge about the immunological system and contribute for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The results of this study contribute for enhancement of the knowledge about the polymorphisms of the region 3\' NT of the gene HLA-G, in the co-infection HIV/HCV. As well as, in the improvement of the assistance of nursing that must seek reducing the morbid mortality by the pathology referred. However, there is still a long path to be followed in the comprehension of the immunogenic factors involved in the co-infection by the HIV/HCV
Soares, Sampaio Aletheia. "Marcadores sorológicos para os vírus da hepatite B e C em pacientes HIV-positivos atendidos no Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2005. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/7445.
Full textA ocorrência de co-infecção pelo HIV e hepatites B e C tem sido relatada desde a era- HAART (do inglês Highly Active Antinetrovial Therapy), quando a mortalidade nas pessoas infectadas pelo HIV começou diminuir. Como conseqüência do fato de terem as mesmas rotas de transmissão, a co-infecção do HBV ou HCV em pessoas infectadas pelo HIV tem aumentado e tornou-se um problema de saúde pública. No Brasil, a prevalência média da coinfecção HIV e hepatites, encontrada pelo Ministério da Saúde é em torno de 40%, com a maioria em grupos de usuários de drogas. Freqüências variáveis de co-infecção têm sido relatadas, dependendo da população e da região estudada. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi identificar a freqüência de marcadores sorológicos para hepatite B e C em pacientes infectados pelo HIV, acompanhados em um hospital escola e os possíveis fatores associados à presença de tais marcadores. Quatrocentos e vinte e nove pacientes foram estudados, de ambos os sexos e com idade variando entre 18 a 77 anos. Os participantes respondiam um questionário específico, com características sócio-demográficas e tinham uma amostra de sangue testada para os marcadores HBsAg, Anti-HBc total e Anti-HCV, utilizando a técnica MEIA-Axym-Abbott. A freqüência encontrada de marcadores foi 10,3% para o HBsAg, 38,7% para o Anti-HBc total e 10,7% para o Anti-HCV. Dentre os pacientes, 1,4% possuíam tanto HBsAg quanto Anti-HCV positivos. Não houve associação significante estatisticamente entre as variáveis parceiro homossexual, uso de drogas endovenosas, ingesta de álcool, tatuagem ou piercing, cirurgia, procedimentos invasivos e hemotransfusão e a infecção pelo HBV, expressa pela positividade do HBsAg. A única variável que mostrou associação com infecção pelo HBV foi uso de drogas inalatórias. Nenhuma destas variáveis, incluindo, parceiro homossexual, uso de drogas endovenosas, uso de drogas inalatórias, ingesta de álcool, tatuagem ou piercing, cirurgia, procedimentos invasivos e hemotransfusão tiveram associação significativa estatisticamente com a presença do Anti-HCV. Este estudo encontrou freqüências comparáveis com outros relatados no Brasil, mas com freqüências de coinfeccção menores que aqueles das regiões Sul e Sudeste. Entretanto, nenhuma associação específica com comportamentos de risco foi encontrada neste estudo, mostrando importante diferença quando comparado com estudos realizados em outras regiões do Brasil
Dukers, Nicole Helena Theodora Maria. "Epidemiology of HIV-1, HHV-8 and HSV among homosexual men." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/62498.
Full textBertol, Bruna Cristina. "Expressão da molécula HLA-G e polimorfismos da região codificadora do gene HLA-G em pacientes infectados pelo vírus da hepatite C (HCV) apresentando ou não a coinfecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17147/tde-10012017-112046/.
Full textHepatitis C, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), affects millions of people worldwide. The transmission of HCV is similar to HIV, which explains the high prevalence of coinfection. HCV-HIV coinfected patients have higher rate of liver fibrosis progression and mortality when compared to HCV monoinfected patients. Thus, the study of genes and/or molecules that control the immune response is relevant. In the present study, we evaluated the role of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), a molecule known by its immunomodulatory activity, which is capable to inhibit T cell activation and cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells, in addition to inducing the formation of regulatory T cells. We studied 216 HCV patients, 135 HIV-HCV coinfected patients and 152 uninfected individual. The variability of the HLA-G gene was evaluated by Sanger sequencing and the hepatic expression of the molecule by immunohistochemistry. The HLA-G expression was observed only in liver tissue of patients, mainly in hepatocytes. The increased HLA-G expression was associated with increased liver fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in both groups of patients. The age greater than or equal to 40 years and the non-white skin color were also associated with increased hepatic expression of the molecule in the HCV patients. Other host factors analyzed as gender and HCV genotype were not associated with the level of HLA-G expression in the liver. The frequency of HLA-G*01:01:01:01 allele was increased in HCV patients and G*01:05N decreased in HCV-HIV coinfected patients, however, there was no significant association between the genetic variability of HLA-G and HLA-G liver expression. The present study contributes to expand the knowledge regarding the participation of HLA-G in chronic C hepatitis, associated or not with the HIV infection.
Vilar, Fernando Crivelenti. "Expressão do HLA-G no tecido hepático de pacientes coinfectados com HIV/HCV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-24082014-194222/.
Full textChronic liver disease induced by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has recently become one of the most common comorbidities in patients who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in developed countries. HIV/HCV coinfected patients show faster progression to cirrhosis and its complications than the HCV monoinfected patients. Even though the responsible mechanisms for this evolution have not been entirely clarified yet, the expression of the HLA-G molecule, a HLA from the non-classic Ib class, with well-known properties of negatively regulating the immune response, may be related to the liver disease progression. The aims of the present work were to analyze the HLA-G expression profile in the liver micro ambience of HIV/HCV coinfected patients and to identify possible host factors, HIV or HCV, that may be related to the HLA-G expression on the liver biopsy. For this purpose, 57 liver biopsies of HIV/HCV coinfect patients, in which immunohistochemistry for HLA-G had been performed, were retrospectively analyzed according the HLA-G expression on the hepatic tissue. Other histopathological features in the liver biopsies, such as fibrosis degree, inflammatory activity, iron deposition and fat were also evaluated. The polymorphism of insertion or deletion in 14-base pairs of the 3`non-translated region of exon 8 of the HLA-G gene, which is related to the production of HLA-G messenger RNA, was evaluated in 43 of the patients. Also, the polymorphism of IL-28B, related to the response to HCV treatment, was evaluated in 44 of them. Biochemical and virological features of HIV and HCV were also evaluated. The HCV genotype 1 was the most prevalent (87.75%), especially the subgenotype 1a (60%). The expression of HLA-G was observed in 38 (66.7%) samples of the liver biopsies, and it was most frequent in moderate and severe stages of fibrosis than in the mild stages (94.1% x 55%, P < 0.01). There was no established relationship between HLA-G and other parameters studied. Although the progression to cirrhosis in the context of HIV/HCV coinfection is a complex process modulated by many factors, the association of HLA-G expression with the intensity of the liver fibrosis may indicate the protein expression play an important role in the mechanisms that contribute to the progression of the disease, through the negative regulation of the immune response against HCV setting of a coinfection with HIV.
Souza, Iury Oliveira. "Validação de ensaio imunocromatográfico para a detecção múltipla de anticorpos específicos contra HIV, HBV e HCV." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11787.
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Cerca de 33,3 milhões de pessoas apresentam infecção pelo Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) no mundo; 180 milhões estão infectados pelo Hepatitis C Virus HCV e estima-se que 360 milhões apresentem infecção ativa pelo Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Outra realidade mundial é a co-infecção entre esses vírus. Os dados mostram a importância global dessas viroses e a urgência do desenvolvimento de novos ensaios de diagnóstico sensíveis, específicos, rápidos e de baixo custo, que possam atender à demanda de entidades públicas inseridas em programas para prevenção e diagnostico dessas doenças. O presente trabalho consiste em validação relativa de um novo teste imunocromatográfico desenvolvido pela empresa canadense Medmira para detecção de anticorpos específicos contra HIV, HCV e HBV. Os resultados encontrados foram extremamente favoráveis para a detecção de anticorpos específicos para HIV, apresentando 98,6% de sensibilidade e 100% de especificidade. Para o anti-HBV a sensibilidade e especificidade encontradas foram de 90,0% e 98,6%, e de 86,3% e 100%, para anti-HCV, respectivamente. Nenhuma reatividade cruzada foi encontrada e a reprodutibilidade e repetitividade foram de 100%. O índice kappa e a acurácia global do teste foram de 0,91 (0,88-0,94) e 95,5% (93,5-97,5), respectivamente. Conclui-se que o ensaio imunocromatográfico é clinicamente útil em triagens rápidas para detecção de anticorpos anti-HIV, HCV e HBV.
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Costa, Marjory Lucia Firmino da. "Expressão das moléculas HLA-E nas lesões intraepiteliais cervicais em mulheres portadoras do HPV com ou sem a infecção pelo HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-04042017-152909/.
Full textAmong women with HIV / AIDS there is a greater number of cases of persistent HPV infections contributing to an increased risk of developing squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. In addition, abnormal expression of HLA-E molecules can modulate the immune system by binding to the inhibitory (CD94 / NKG2A) or stimulatory (CD94 / NKG2C) receptor NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes, decreasing immunovigilance and favoring the evasion of infected cells infected with virus. Due to the lack of studies evaluating the HLA-E molecule in the interaction with HPV, more specifically in HIV-1 infection, this project aimed to evaluate the expression of HLA-E in cervical intraepithelial lesions of infected women or not by HIV- 1, with the infection by HPV. It is a cross-sectional study, which was submitted to immunohistochemical processing the paraffin-embedded cervix tissue of 67 HIV-1 women infected with HIV-1 and 62 uninfected women, all of them with cervical intraepithelial lesion with HPV, which was typified. The expression of HLA-E was quantitatively analyzed as non- expressed, 1% to 30%, 31% to 70% and 71% to 100%. The results showed that the herpes virus infection was higher among HIV + participants (P = 0.005). In immunohistochemical analysis, it became evident that cervical intraepithelial lesions in HIV-1 infected women showed a reduction the expression of HLA-E molecule from 31% to 100% compared to women without HIV-1 infection (P = 0.001) Suggesting that this reduction may be a viral escape mechanism, which leads to a reduction in the presentation of viral peptides to CD8+ T lymphocytes. The expression of HLA-E was not associated with cervical intraepithelial lesions. More studies are need to better understand the pattern and function of HLA-E molecule expression in cervical intraepithelial lesions of infected women by HIV-1
Ekman, Evelina, and Nicole Karlsson. "Upplevelser av vårdpersonalens bemötande gentemot patienter som lever med HIV, HBV eller HCV : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-83910.
Full textKaya, Selçuk Cicioğlu Arıdoğan Buket. "Isparta il merkezi kan donörlerinde GBV-C/HGV prevalansı ve HBV ve HCV ile koinfeksiyonunun araştırılması /." Isparta : SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, 2002. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00093.pdf.
Full textSouza, Rafael Leme Cardoso. "Avaliação tecnológica do teste molecular (NAT) para HIV, HCV e HBV na triagem de sangue no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-09102018-090250/.
Full textAfter years of discussion, nucleic acid (NAT) testing in the blood screening for HIV and HCV was implemented in Brazil in 2013 and HBV in 2016. One of the reasons cited for the delay in its implementation was the high cost that would be added to serology screening and a comprehensive economic assessment of its efficiency in the country is not yet available. Several articles have already shown that the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of NAT versus serology ranges from 0.21 to 8.84 million American dollars (US$) for each QALY gained. This large variation is mainly due to differences between the mean age of the blood recipient, viruses\' incidence / prevalence among donor population, cost of medical tests and treatments, HBV vaccine coverage, and sensitivity of the test used. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation of this technology and its effectiveness under the perspective of the Brazilian public health system (SUS) is needed. Objectives: Development of a systematic review (RevS) of complete economic studies about the use of NAT for HIV, HCV and / or HBV in the world. Conduct an economic evaluation of NAT under SUS perspective; characterize Brazilian blood donations in the serology \"window period\". Methods: Cochrane RevS Methodology of the Medline, Embase, LILACS, CRD, CRD ECO, Google Scholar and IDEAS databases; Questionnaire applied to blood banks and online economic model from the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) to calculate the ICUR for \"NAT in mini-pool of six individual samples\" (MP6) versus \"Serology Tests\" (SR) in Brazil. Results: Fourteen studies from sixteen different countries were assessed. NAT was most relevant in low-income countries, where there are the highest prevalences and viral incidences, lower rates of repeat donors and younger recipients of blood (RS). Most of the studies concluded that NAT, regardless of the virus evaluated, is not cost-effective. Differences in the characteristics of the studies were related to the costs and age of RS. The major deviations from RevS standards were: not including the rationale for selecting the outcomes and the model used and not being clear about the authors\' conflict of interest; MP6 vs SR showed an ICUR of US$ 231.630,00/QALY, 26,2 times Brazilian GND per capita) and an ICER of US$ 330.790,00/Life year gained (AVG). The univariate sensitivity analysis of the model demonstrated that only changes on discount rate, NAT cost, RS age and viruses\' epidemiology significantly altered the ICUR in a range between US$ 76.957,00/QALY and US$ 933.311,00/QALY; Most RS window period cases in Brazil are young, average of 29 years old, male, with at least high school education completed and even with the requirement of Anti-HBc in Brazil, NAT-HBV is the one that presented the highest yield. Conclusions: Young people, mainly, still seek blood banks as testing sites, especially after a risk behavior. It is extremely important to reveal the real and complete cost of the Brazilian NAT to fully evaluate its efficiency and, if needed, reassess its current reimbursement model, allowing the wellbeing defense of the population and public interest.
Pitaš, Martin. "Analýza ztráty zisku dopravní organizace v důsledku opravy po nehodě u autobusů s obsaditelností nad 30 míst." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232565.
Full textAlotaibi, Sultan Merja T. "The effect of the HLA B27 allele on the immune response to acute HCV in HIV infected patients." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7709/.
Full textMatos, Francielly Maiara da Penna. "Polimorfismo do HLA-G nas lesões cervicais em mulheres portadoras ou não da infecção pelo HIV - 1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-07032016-203713/.
Full textAmong women with HIV / AIDS there is a greater number of cases of persistent HPV infections contributing to an increased risk of developing squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix (SIL). Moreover, the 14pb insertion/deletion polymorphism in the HLA-G 3\'UTR is associated with modulation of the immune response. Thus, the objectives of this study was to identify the possible association between the 14pb polymorphism with varying degrees of SIL in women presenting or not HIV-1 infection. It is a cross-sectional study, for which they were selected 116 women HPV+ with SIL, distributed in two groups: 53 with HIV-1 infection and 63 whithout this, collected biological samples for SIL classification, HPV typing and identification of 14pb polymorphisms. Among women HIV+ group, the occurrence of the insertion allele was higher among cases with HSIL, being present in 61.8% of them (P = 0,009). The same was observed with the genotype ins/del, which it occurred in 66.7% of HSIL cases (P = 0,003). The genotype del/del been identified in 79% of LSIL cases (P = 0,003). Among the HIV- group were no significant associations between the degree of SIL and 14pb polymorphism. The results suggest that among women living with HIV/aids, the insertion allele and genotype ins/del are risk factors for progression of SIL and genotype del/del a protective factor, which was not observed among women without HIV-1 infection
Yao, Felix Caspar. "Investigation on the risk of viral infection in musculoskeletal grafts." University of Western Australia. School of Surgery, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0068.
Full textMauritzon, Emma, and Marie Jow. "Faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans vilja att vårda patienter med blodburen smitta : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23586.
Full textPeng, Yanchun. "HLA-B51 associated HIV-1 viral control." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8e06bed0-bd8d-4774-b137-c12f5e3547fc.
Full textNóbrega, Amal Kozak. "Vigilância sanitária em serviços de hemoterapia: avaliação e controle de risco de infecções virais de HIV/HBV/HCV transmissivéis por transfusão." Programa de pós-graduação em saúde coletiva, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9696.
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Este estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver um modelo teórico quantitativo dos riscos transfusionais de HIV, HBV e HCV capaz de orientar com base em informação a ação de Vigilância Sanitária de Sangue. A imensa maioria dos eventos adversos relativos ao campo da saúde ocorre em um ambiente de incerteza, o que confere as variáveis envolvidas no processo um caráter não determinístico ou aleatório. Nesse sentido, por mais informações que se possa coletar sobre fatores e procedimentos, não é possível prever com exatidão um determinado resultado. Este é o caso da transfusão sanguínea objeto do presente estudo, pois mesmo produzida e realizada em estrita aderência aos preceitos técnicos de captação, seleção, triagem clínica e epidemiológica, testagem do sangue, indicação e administração, não se pode afirmar, com exatidão, que o receptor esteja isento de risco de eventos adversos. Por outro lado, como área da Saúde Pública, a Vigilância Sanitária na sua função social de Estado ao minimizar ou reduzir os riscos transfusionais deve imprimir um caráter mais científico na sua função de lidar com a incerteza. Na prática, suas ações têm se referenciado no Paradigma do Risco, proposto pela National Academy of Science (NCR, 1983) nos EUA, marco na abordagem técnica de controle de riscos, que estima o risco relacionando a fonte de risco ao dano. Não obstante, as informações fornecidas por esse Paradigma, a Vigilância de Sangue como prática eminentemente preventiva (ex ante), ao controlar os riscos de HIV, HBV e HVC transfusionais se ressente de modelos quantitativos de controle dos riscos que relacionem os fatores de risco presentes na cadeia transfusional com o dano transfusional, em vez de ligar a fonte de risco com o dano. Para preencher essa lacuna, o presente estudo selecionou os principais fatores de risco que explicam as infecções de HIV, HBV e HCV transmissíveis por transfusão buscando sua relação com o risco de transmissão desses agravos. Para sua fundamentação procedeu à revisão das bases teóricas do risco na perspectiva das ciências sociais e da abordagem técnica (quantitativa). A partir dessa análise buscou compreender e classificar os fatores de risco associados à transmissão transfusional de HIV,HBV e HCV sob a forma de variáveis ou indicadores e definiu critérios para sua inclusão em uma rede causal. As variáveis explicativas do risco selecionadas foram: Índice de Desenvolvimento humano - IDH, prevalência de HIV, HBV e HCV na população doadora, período de janela, razão entre doador de repetição e doador de primeira vez, resultado falso negativo decorrente de erros laboratoriais, indicador de risco sanitário do Serviço de Hemoterapia. Esse modelo, após sua validação na prática, se presta a apoiar decisões informadas, todavia considerando a complexidade do controle de riscos transfusionais, este deve ser articulado a outros instrumentos de controle.
Salvador
Felisberto, Mariano. "Estudo da prevalência de infecção pelo vírus HIV, HBV e HCV em uma população privada de liberdade na cidade de Florianópolis." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/167652.
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Segundo dados consolidados divulgados pelo Sistema de Informações Penitenciárias (InfoPen), o número de pessoas encarceradas no Estado de Santa Catarina é de 16.623. Porém, o número de vagas no sistema penitenciário do Estado é de 9.806, sendo assim, as celas encontram-se superlotadas. Esta situação de superlotação, somada a precariedade e insalubridade das celas, tornam estes ambientes propícios a proliferação de doenças como Hepatite B, Hepatite C e HIV/AIDS. Visto que estas pessoas marginalizadas, devido ao encarceramento, não podem ser negligenciadas pelo sistema de saúde, este projeto teve como objetivo estabelecer a prevalência da infecção pelos vírus HBV, HCV e HIV, além de definir o perfil comportamental dos indivíduos infectados por estes vírus. Para isto, foram entrevistados 147 indivíduos que posteriormente foram submetidos a punção venosa para coleta de material biológico. A população de estudo foi constituída de indivíduos do gênero masculino, atendidos na unidade de saúde da penitenciária estadual de Florianópolis. As análises das amostras sanguíneas foram realizadas no laboratório de imunologia do HU-UFSC, sendo que, os marcadores sorológicos analisados foram: HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc-Total, anti-HCV e anti-HIV (4ª geração). Os dados obtidos foram tabulados no software Microsoft Excel 2016® e a análise estatística destes dados foi realizada posteriormente, utilizando o software MedCalc® 14.8.1, sendo que, o nível de significância estabelecido foi de p<0,05 e o intervalo de confiança foi de 95% (IC 95%). As prevalências de infecção pelos vírus estudados foram: 14,3% HBV, 5,4% para HCV e 2,1% para HIV. Com relação ao perfil comportamental dos indivíduos foi possível relacionar o fato de possuir piercing e/ou tatuagem à infecção pelo HBV e o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, bem como, o uso de drogas injetáveis à infecção pelo HCV. Além disso, foi possível observar que 59,2% dos indivíduos não apresentou nenhum tipo de proteção contra o HBV. Sendo assim, fica evidente que políticas públicas de prevenção e tratamento destas doenças devem ser realizadas em instituições penitenciárias.
Abstract : According to consolidated data published by the Penitentiary Information System (InfoPen), the number of incarcerated persons in the state of Santa Catarina is 16623. However, the number of vacancies in the state prison system is 9806, therefore, the cells are overcrowded. This overcrowding, combined with the precariousness and unhealthiness of the cells, make these environments conducive to proliferation of diseases such as Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS. Once these people, marginalized by incarceration, can not be neglected by the health system this project aimed to establish the prevalence of infection by HBV, HCV and HIV, as well as defining the behavioral profile of individuals infected by these viruses. For this purpose, we interviewed 147 individuals who were subsequently subjected to venipuncture for collection of biological material. The study population consisted of male individuals, attended at the health unit of Florianópolis State Penitentiary. The analyzes of blood samples were performed at the Immunology Laboratory of the HU-UFSC, and the serological markers analyzed were: HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc-Total, anti-HCV and anti-HIV (4th generation). Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2016® software and statistical analysis of these data was performed later using the software MedCalc® 14.8.1, and the level of significance was set at p<0.05 and confidence interval was 95% (95% CI). The prevalence of infection by studied viruses were: 14.3% for HBV, 5.4% for HCV and 2.1% for HIV. Regarding the behavioral profile of the individuals, was possible to relate the fact of having piercing and/or tattooing with HBV infection and alcohol consumption, as well as the use of injectable drugs with HCV infection. In addition, it was observed that 59.2% of individuals did not provide any imune protection against HBV. Thus, it is clear that public policies for the prevention and treatment of these diseases should be held in penal institutions.
Silva, Ilana Mirian Almeida Felipe da. "Soroprevalência da infecção pelos vírus da hepatite B e D em dois municípios da região do Baixo Munim, Maranhão, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-09012015-112522/.
Full textViral hepatitides are a severe public health problem around the world and in Brazil. Various prevalence rates have been found in different regions and population groups in the country. In addition, recently, HDV has been identified in a population from the State of Maranhão. In that sense, the objective in this study was to investigate the seroprevalence for HBV and HDV and to identify factors associated with the hepatitis B virus in a population from Baixo Munim, a rural region near Lençóis Maranhenses, with precarious economic and social development levels. In a population of 30,000 individuals, a representative sample of 1,249 individuals was obtained, living in Axixá (n=482) and Morros (n=760). The participants were interviewed with regard to their sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and samples were collected to detect the serological markers: HBsAg, total anti-HBc, anti-HBs and total anti-HDV. To process and analyze the data, the software System Requirements for SAS 9.2 was used. Among the participants, whose ages ranged between one and 96 years (mean 27.4 ± 20.1 years), 56.2% were female, 71.0% mulatto, 63.6% had only finished primary education and 52.2% gained an income of less than one minimum wage. The main occupations were: students, farmers and fishermen. The global prevalence of infection by HBV was 41.3% (95% CI: 38.6 - 44.1). The rate of individuals reactive to HBsAg was 0.3% and for HBsAg associated with total anti-HBc 1.4%. Both situations represent current infection. The association between anti-HBc and anti-HBs, indicating earlier infection, was found in 26.2% of the individuals. The presence of isolated anti-HBc was identified in 13.4% of the interviewees. The presence of isolated anti-HBs, indicating immunity through vaccination, was found in 26% of the study population, while the percentage of susceptible individuals (absence of markers) corresponded to 32.7%. Only one sample among the HBsAg- reactive individuals was reactive to HDV, representing a total anti-HDV prevalence of 4.8%. Using a multivariate analysis model, a significant association was identified between infection by hepatitis B, living in Morros and being over 20 years of age. These epidemiological data reveal an important HBV infection rate and the presence of HDV in the study area, besides demonstrating the population\'s vulnerability to HBV due to the presence of low vaccination immunity and the considerable number of susceptible individuals. The results indicate the need to intensify health education programs and immunization to hepatitis B, mainly aiming to reduce the chance of transmission among children and young people, as well as to adopt control and epidemiological monitoring practices of these infections in the study population
Fontes, Adriele Souza. "Resposta específica aos antígenos da vacina anti-HPV em homens infectados pelo HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-03082015-103315/.
Full textIntroduction: Infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been reported as one of the sexually transmitted diseases with a higher incidence nowadys, but its prevalence must be clarified in men, mainly due to low presence of symptoms. Moreover, few studies have been performed in this population until now to verify the immune response post-vaccination. The hypothesis here suggested will be the key for better understanding of the immunopathogenesis, the vaccine´s response in HIV-infected patients and collaborate in the design and strategies of vaccination against HPV in HIV-infected population. Objectives: Analyze the specific response to antigens of HPV vaccine in HIV-infected men. Methods: A total of 24 HIV-infected patients who were in accordance with the inclusion criteria during the data collection period were vaccinated with anti-HPV bivalent vaccine in three period doses: zero, two and six months. The groups were distributed in: Control group (five healthy subjects with negative serology against HIV); Group A (nine subjects with CD4 <500 cells/mm³; Group B (10 subjects with CD4 >500 cells/mm³). ELISA was performed to detect the level of antibodies anti-HPV before and after vaccination in the studied cohort. Postenarly, cells of these groups were submitted in culture to verify citokynes production (IFN?, IL17, TNF, IL6 and IL10) using CBA methodology. Results: We obtained seroconversion after the first dose of anti-HPV vaccine: control group 60%, group A 55,6% and group B 30%. In the second dose: control group 80%, group A 88,8% and Group B 80%. And at last, the third dose: Control Group 100%, Group A 88,8% and group B 90%. IL 6 citokyne (TH2 response) was detected in higher level when compared Control, A and B groups (p<0.001). IFN? citokyne (TH1 response) was detect in low level only after the third dose of vaccination, showing relevance between A and B groups (p<0.0006). Additionally, higher IFN? production was detected when compared the control with A and B groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: HIV patients and controls (HIV-) were responders to anti-HPV vaccination. It was clear that an elevated cytokine production was detected between groups, suggesting immunomodulation of HIV + group. This work suggests relevant information that challenge: new studies in this population, verification of cross-reactions of the vaccine resulting in protection of other HPV types not present in this vaccine, and analyze for longer period the titers of anti-HPV antibodies in these patients. All together, our data can corroborate for vaccination in this population, thus decreasing the risk of infection, mortality and morbidity of the disease caused by HPV in men.
Campos, Angela Borges de Carvalho. "Detecção de HPV e presença de HIV vaginal em mulheres infectadas por HIV." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309016.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: OBJETIVO: Estudar os fatores associados à detecção de HPV e HIV na vagina, incluindo sua correlação. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal em mulheres infectadas por HIV. Excluíram-se gestantes e aquelas com antecedente de histerectomia, em uso de medicações vaginais nas últimas 48h, que tiveram relação sexual desprotegida havia menos de 72h ou com sangramento genital. Utilizou-se amostra endocervical para realização de teste de Captura Híbrida II® (HPV por CH II) para detecção de HPV (alto e baixo risco), clamídia e gonococo. Os tipos de HPV foram identificados por Linear Array®, Roche, após amplificação do DNA viral. Colheu-se lavado vaginal para determinação de RNA-HIV livre (utilizando-se 10 mL de solução salina). As cargas virais vaginal e plasmática de HIV foram mensuradas utilizando-se o kit HIV Monitor v1.5 Cobas Amplicor®. Calcularam-se as razões de prevalência e respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95%. RESULTADOS: Entre as 201 mulheres, das quais 73,6% em uso de TARV identificou-se o HPV de alto ou baixo risco pela CH II em 37,3% delas. O RNA-HIV livre foi detectável no lavado vaginal em 9% dos casos. Houve maior detecção de HPV por CH II com HIV plasmático detectável, menores valores de linfócitos T CD4, uso de contraceptivo combinado e tabagismo, mas não houve associação com RNA-HIV vaginal. O HPV pela CH II também foi mais prevalente quando havia alteração citológica e colposcópica, mas não ectopia, ulceração genital, monilíase ou vaginose bacteriana. Em mais de 80% das amostras, detectou-se algum tipo de HPV (em média, três tipos). Os tipos mais prevalentes foram HPV 62 (24,9%), 6 (19,4%), 53 (17,4%), 51 (14,9%), 61 (13,9%), 16 (12,9%) e HPV 84 (11,4%). HPV 53, 51 e 16 (alto risco) e HPV 84 (indeterminado) foram associados à maior detecção pela CH II. A presença de mais de três tipos de HPV foi o único fator que aumentou a prevalência de HPV por CH II na análise multivariada. Não usar TARV, carga viral plasmática detectável, CD4 reduzido e vaginose bacteriana aumentaram a prevalência de RNA-HIV vaginal, mas carga viral plasmática foi a única variável significativa na análise multivariada. Conclusão: O HPV foi detectável em 37,5% dos casos, quando se usou CH II, e em 80% dos casos quando se usou tipagem por Linear Array®. Ter RNA HIV vaginal detectável não aumentou a prevalência da detecção de HPV. A prevalência de RNA HIV vaginal foi 9%, bem abaixo dos valores da literatura e associada à carga viral plasmática
Abstract: Aim: To study factors associated to HPV and HIV vaginal viral load, including their correlation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with HIV- infected women. Those who were pregnant, had undergone histerectomy, using vaginal medication within the last 48 hours, had had unprotected sex less than 72 hours before, or had genital bleeding were excluded. An endocervical sample was used for Hybrid Capture II (HPV by HC II) to detect HPV (high and low risk), Chamydia trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae. HPV types were identified by Linear Array (Roche), after viral DNA amplification. A cervico-vaginal lavage sample was obtained to determine free RNA-HIV load, using 10 mL of sterile normal saline. HIV vaginal and plasmatic viral loads were measured by HIV Monitor V 1.5 Cobas Amplicor. Prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Out of 201 women, 73.6% using ARV, 37.3% of women were identified with high or low risk HPV by HC II. Free HIV-RNA was detectable in cervical vaginal lavage of 9% of the cases. Higher HPV prevalence was associated with plasmatic HIV, lower T CD4 lynphocytes, combined hormonal contraceptives and cigarette smoking, but not with vaginal HIV-RNA. HPV by HC II was more prevalent in cases of cytologic or colposcopic abnormalities, but not ectopy, genital ulcerations, candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis. In over 80% of the samples, some type of HPV was detected (on average 3 types). The most prevalent types were HPV 62 (24.9%), 6 (19.4%), 53 (17.4%), 51 (14.9%), 61 (13.9%), 16 (12.9%) and 84 (11.4%). HPV 53, 51 and 16 (high risk) and 84 (undetermined) were associated to higher detection by HC II. The presence of more than three HPV types was the only factor which increased the prevalence of HPV by HC II in multivariate analysis. Using no ART, reduced CD4, plasma HIV viral load, and bacterial vaginosis increased the prevalence of vaginal HIVRNA, but plasmatic viral load was the only significant variable lin the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: HPV by HC II was detected in 37.5% of samples, and in 80% of the cases when Linear Array typing washed used. Having detectable vaginal RNA-HIV has not increased the prevalence of HPV detection. The prevalence of vagina RNA-HIV was 9%, well below the values found in the medical literature and associated to plasmatic viral load
Mestrado
Tocoginecologia
Mestre em Tocoginecologia
Hultgren, Catharina. "Immune modulation in chronic HBV and HCV infection /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4255-2/.
Full textLindström, Anna. "Resistance to antiviral drugs in HIV and HBV /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-239-X/.
Full textChen, Jinyan, and 陈锦艳. "Residual risks estimating models of transmission of HBV, HIV and HCV with different assays : lesson for screening strategies for Chinese blood banks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193767.
Full textpublished_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
Burke, Stephanie. "Generalized Impairment of CD8+ T-cells in HCV Mono- and HIV-HCV Co-infection." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32770.
Full textMakadzange, Azure Tariro. "HLA-C rstricted cellular immune responses in HIV infection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269314.
Full textFalconer, Karolin. "HIV-1/HCV co-infection immunity and viral dynamics /." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-762-7/.
Full textCezimbra, Helen Minussi. "ALTERAÇÕES METABÓLICAS EM PACIENTES INFECTADOS PELO HIV E HCV." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5862.
Full textEm 5 de junho de 1981, o CDC (Centers for Disease Control) publicou o primeiro relato do que mais tarde seria conhecido como Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS). Passados mais de 30 anos, a doença universalmente fatal foi conduzida ao patamar de doença crônica, mas apesar dos inúmeros avanços, os portadores de HIV vêm apresentando risco aumentado de eventos não definidores de AIDS e restauração imune incompleta, a despeito do controle virológico eficaz, estas incluem alterações morfológicas, alterações metabólicas e ateroscleróticas. Neste contexto, a coinfecção com o vírus da Hepatite C (HCV) tem despertado bastante interesse devido aos insultos mitocondriais cumulativos e sinérgicos causados pela coinfecção e potencializado pelo uso de antirretrovirais. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de dislipidemia e síndrome metabólica em pacientes com infecção pelos vírus do HIV e HCV, em mono ou coinfecção por cada um dos vírus. Trata-se de um estudo transversal onde foram incluídos 127 pacientes, com idades entre 21 e 72 anos, 59 com HIV, 36 coinfectados e 32 com HCV, o sexo masculino representou 48% (62) e o feminino 52% (67). Houve predomínio de homens entre os pacientes coinfectados (64% - 23 homens e 13 mulheres) e mulheres no grupo HIV (66% - 22 homens e 37 mulheres). A média de idade foi 40,6 anos (HIV 38,5, coinfectados 39,6 e HCV 45,9 anos). A raça branca ocorreu em 60% da amostra com predomínio em todos os grupos. Não houve diferença entre os grupos no tempo médio de diagnóstico do HIV e HCV. Para o grupo com HIV houve 27% de síndrome metabólica pelos critérios do IDF e 26% pelo HOMA2-IR (ponto de corte 1,4), 63% de alteração de cintura pelos critérios do IDF, com 26% de obesidade abdominal. Para o grupo de coinfecção HIV/HCV houve 30% de síndrome metabólica pelo IDF, mas 54% pelo HOMA2-IR, com 42% de alteração de cintura, mas 52% de obesidade abdominal. Para o grupo HCV houve 25% de síndrome metabólica pelo IDF, mas 38% pelo HOMA2-IR, com 67% de alteração da cintura e 47% de obesidade abdominal. Foi possível demonstrar que a presença de coinfecção por hepatite C é responsável pela presença de níveis alarmantes de resistência insulínica, associada a um perfil lipídico mais favorável que poderá agir como confundidor no diagnóstico clínico da síndrome metabólica.
Mohsen, Abdul Hadi. "The epidemiology of hepatitis C and HCV-HIV coinfection." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424448.
Full textHu, Nai-Chung. "Co-occurrence of shedding Herpes Simplex Virus type-2 (HSV-2), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) in the female genital tract among HIV-infected women." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31250.
Full textCOSTA, Joanne Elizabeth Ferraz da. "Ocorrência de marcadores dos vírus da hepatite B e C e de infecção oculta pelo vírus da hepatite B em pacientes com hanseníase na Paraíba." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/24984.
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CAPES
Estudos têm reportado maiores prevalências de marcadores sorológicos do vírus da hepatite B (HBV) e da hepatite C (HCV) em pacientes hansênicos e sua associação com os episódios reacionais. Por outro lado, a deficiência imune apresentada por esses pacientes pode predispor à ocorrência de infecção oculta pelo HBV. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a prevalência e fatores de risco para os marcadores sorológicos do HBV e do HCV e para a infecção oculta pelo HBV em pacientes com hanseníase. Foi realizado estudo transversal no período de fevereiro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016 em pacientes de Centro de Referência em hanseníase na Paraíba, que após assinatura de termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido foram submetidos à entrevista e coleta de amostras sanguíneas. Os testes sorológicos (ELISA) foram realizados no Setor de Virologia do Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA) da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Amostras de plasma foram encaminhadas ao Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba para estudo molecular (HBV DNA; HCV RNA) por PCR em tempo real. Foram incluídos 403 pacientes no estudo sorológico e 114 pacientes na pesquisa da infecção oculta (HBV DNA). Foi observada frequência de anti-HBc de 14,1% (57/403), de HBsAg 0% (0/403), de anti-HBs isolado 14,1% (57/403), de anti-HCV 0,5% (2/403) e de infecção oculta por HBV 5,3% (6/114). Quanto aos fatores de risco, identificou-se associação do anti-HBc com ter trabalhado na área de saúde e com um menor número de anos de estudo (até nove anos). Não foi observada associação do anti-HBc ou anti-HCV com episódios reacionais, porém identificou-se associação da infecção oculta pelo HBV com história de episódio reacional tipo 2. Assim, as prevalências dos marcadores do HBV e do HCV em hansênicos de Centro de Referência na região Nordeste foram semelhantes às da população geral da mesma região, sugerindo que estes pacientes não apresentam propensão para a infecção crônica por esses vírus. Este foi o primeiro estudo no Brasil sobre a infecção oculta pelo HBV em hansênicos, demonstrando que a pesquisa do HBV DNA deve ser considerada durante o acompanhamento do paciente com hanseníase, tendo em vista a possibilidade de ocorrência de infecção oculta nesses indivíduos. Estudos prospectivos que incluam maior número de pacientes poderão contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da influência da infecção oculta na evolução da hanseníase e em seu tratamento.
Studies have reported higher prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in leprosy patients and its association with reactional episodes. On the other hand, the immune deficiency presented by these patients may predispose to occult HBV infection. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV serological markers and for occult HBV infection in leprosy patients. A cross-sectional study was carried out from February 2015 to January 2016 with patients from a Leprosy Reference Center in Paraíba. After signing a free and informed consent form, these patients were interviewed and submitted to collection of blood samples. Serological tests (ELISA) were carried out in the Virology Sector of the Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), using commercial kits (HBsAg, Wiener; anti-HBc and anti-HBs, DiaSorin). Plasma samples were sent to the Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Paraíba for molecular tests (HBV DNA; HCV RNA), using real-time PCR. A total of 403 patients were enrolled in the serological study and 114 patients in the occult HBV infection study. Anti-HBc frequency was 14.1% (57/403), HBsAg 0% (0/403), anti-HBs alone 14.1% (57/403), anti-HCV 0.5% (2/403) and occult HBV infection 5.3% (6/114). Regarding risk factors, we identified an association between anti-HBc and multibacillary leprosy classification, with health-related job and with fewer years of study (up to nine years). No association of anti-HBc or anti-HCV with reactional episodes was observed, but the association of occult HBV infection with a history of type 2 reaction episode was identified. Thus, the prevalence of HBV and HCV markers in leprosy patients of a Reference Center in Northest region were similar to that of the general population, suggesting that these patients are not prone to chronic infection by these viruses. This was the first study on occult HBV infection in leprosy patients in Brazil, demonstrating that HBV DNA screening should be considered during follow-up of leprosy patients, considering the possibility of occult infection in these individuals. Further prospective studies involving greater number of patients may contribute to a better understanding of the influence of occult HBV infection on leprosy evolution and its treatment.
SOUZA, Marcela Santos de. "Prevalência e Fatores de Risco Para Coinfecção HIV/HTLV em Pacientes do Complexa Hospitalar de Doenças Infecto-contagiosas DR. Clementino Fraga no Período de Fevereiro a Julho de 2015 – João Pessoa – PB." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17137.
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Estima-se que 33 milhões de pessoas vivam com HIV no mundo, enquanto 15 a 20 milhões sejam infectadas pelo HTLV-1/2, como ambos compartilham as mesmas vias de transmissão a coinfecção tem sido relatada; os pacientes coinfectados podem apresentar maior contagem de LTCD4, retardando o diagnóstico de aids, assim como progredir mais rapidamente para a imunossupressão, além de evoluírem com sintomas de TSP/HAM mais precoce e frequentemente.O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência e os fatores de risco associados à coinfecção em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids atendidos no Hospital Clementino Fraga, João Pessoa-PB, no período de fevereiro a julho de 2015. Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico; os pacientes foram abordados no momento da coleta de sangue para exames de contagem de LTCD4 e carga viral do HIV de rotina, submetidos à entrevista para coleta de dados sócio-epidemiológicos após assinatura do temo de consentimento livre e esclarecido e então encaminhados para a coleta de sangue, que era então enviado ao Setor de Virologia do LIKA da UFPE para detecção de anti-HTLV por ELISA; as contagens de LTCD4 e carga viral, assim como data de diagnóstico foram obtidas dos prontuários. Foram analisados 401 indivíduos vivendo com HIV/aids, 271 eram do sexo masculino, 60,8% solteiros e 196 de raça branca; a média de idade foi 41,3 anos A prevalência da coinfecção HIV/HTLV foi de 1,5%, e no presente trabalho não houve associação de maior risco de coinfecção com cirurgia ou hemotransfusão prévias, piercings ou tatuagens, compartilhamento de seringas ou história de drogas injetáveis, bem como com o comportamento sexual dos participantes. As médias das primeiras e últimas contagens de LTCD4 e carga viral do HIV foram semelhantes entre os dois grupos. Os resultados mostram que a Paraíba difere de outras regiões do país, com baixa prevalência de coinfecção, provavelmente por características epidemiológicas e culturais de sua população, o que mostra a importância de mais estudos de prevalência como este, visto que o Brasil apresenta marcantes diferenças inter-regionais no perfil de sua população.
t is estimated that 33 million people live with HIV worldwide, while 15-20 million are infected with HTLV-1/2, as both share the same transmission routes coinfection has been reported; the coinfected patients may have higher LTCD4 counts, delaying diagnosis of AIDS, progress more quickly to immunosuppression and present symptoms of TSP/HAM earlier and oftentimes. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated to coinfection in people living with HIV/aids treated at the Hospital Clementino Fraga, João Pessoa, Paraíba, from february to July 2015. This is an analytical cross-sectional study; patients were approached at the time of blood collection for LTCD4 count and HIV viral load tests of routine, subjected to an interview for collect socio-demographic data after signing a informed consent and then forwarded to collect blood, which was sent to the Department of Virology of LIKA-UFPE to detect anti-HTLV by ELISA; LTCD4 counts and viral load, as well the date of diagnosis were obtained from medical records. Were analyzed 401 individuals living with HIV/aids, 271 were male, 60,8% single and 196 whites; the mean age was 41,3 years. The prevalence of coinfection HIV/HTLV was 1,5%, and in this study there was no association of increased risk of coinfection with previous surgery or blood transfusion, piercings or tattoos, needle sharing or story injecting drugs, as well as the sexual behavior of participants. The mean of the first and last LTCD4 counts and HIV viral load were similar between the two groups. The results show that the Paraíba differs from other regions of the country with low prevalence of coinfection, probably by epidemiological and cultural characteristics of its population, which shows the importance of more prevalence studies like this, since Brazil presents significant inter-regional differences in the population.
Gonzalez, Mario Peribañez. "Prevalência de hipovitaminose D e fatores de risco associados em pacientes portadores de HIV, HCV e coinfecção HIV/HCV na cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5168/tde-09032017-115725/.
Full textBackground and Aims: Hypovitaminosis D, defined as insufficient serum level of 25(OH)D, is considered pandemic in many populations worldwide and is associated with co-morbidities in hepatitis C, HIV and HIV/HCV co-infection. The aim of this study is to 1) compare the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency (VDD), defined as serum levels of 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL, among HCV mono-infected, HIV mono-infected, HIV/HCV co-infected patients and control participants and 2) identify specific risk factors associated with VDD in each group. Patients and Methods: We collected demographic and clinical data, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, liver function parameters and metabolic profiles on 129 HCV mono-infected, 118 HIV mono-infected and 53 HIV/HCV co-infected patients treated at reference centers in São Paulo (Brazil) as well as on 122 volunteer controls, not infected by HIV, HCV, HBV or taking vitamin D supplements. Results: VDD prevalence adjusted for sex, age ( = 50), skin color (white vs not white), body mass index ( = 25), total cholesterol (= 200), HDL cholesterol ( = 40 in men and = 50 in women), triglycerides ( = 150), glycemia ( = 110), use of Efavirenz - EFV (yes vs no), use of Tenofovir -TDV (yes vs no) and HOMA-IR was lower in HCV group than control and HIV groups (p < 0.001). In all groups, adjusted odds of VDD increases by 1.21 [CI95% (1.01-1.44)] for each unit increase of HOMA-IR. Antirretroviral therapy regimens containing efavirenz were also associated to higher odds of VDD 3.49 [CI95% (1.14-10.67) p=0.028]. Logistic regression was applied to analyze risk factors associated to VDD within each group. In this analysis male sex resulted significantly associated to lower chance of VDD [OR 0,42(CI95% 0,18 - 0,96) p = 0,04] in control group and in HCV group [RC 0,42(CI95% 0,2 - 0,88) p = 0,02]; still in HCV group, elevated HOMA-IR was significantly associated to VDD [OR 5,59(CI 95% 1,37 - 22,8) p = 0,02]; and in HIV group, individuals presenting CD4 nadir higher than 200 cells/mm3 had less chance of VDD [OR 0,41 (IC95% 0,18 - 0,95) p = 0,04]. Conclusion: High prevalence of VDD was observed across all studied population, including control group, suggesting that being infected with HIV and/or HCV per se does not increase the chance of VDD. Otherwise, VDD was positively associated with HOMA-IR increase for controls and infected patients. It is also associated to use of Efavirenz in HIV/HCV patients. This finding highlights the relevance of vitamin D deficiency association with two other conditions; insulin resistance and antiretroviral therapy, which isolated or in combination, may contribute to the incidence of comorbidities, as Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Abdou, Chekaraou Mariama. "Variabilité génétique des souches virales HBV et HDV circulant dans la région du Sahara en Afrique et étude de la co-spéciation HBV/HDV." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132001.
Full textInfection with hepatitis B (HBV) in SubSaharan Africe is an issue of major public health. The prevalence of the envelope protein of the virus, HBs antigen (HBsAg) can reach up to 30% in some countries. In addition it is estimated between 70 to 100 million, the number of chronic carriers of HBV with an annual death rate of about 250 000. Data on coinfection with hepatitis D (HDV) virus satellite of HBV are very rare because very few studies have been conducted. In terms of molecular characterization of HBV and HDV circulating strains, studies, although partial and conducted with a small number of samples, have been reported. Two HBV genotypes, HBV/E, and HBV/A (with its sub genotypes A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5) have been mainly identified in sub-Saharan Africa. Genotype D is confined to North Africa. In addition, several recombinant strains between genotype E and genotypes A and/or D have also been described. Concerning the HDV, 4 "African genotypes", HDV-5, -6, -7 and -8 have been characterized in the laboratory from African patients immigrants in France, who had been infected in their country of origin. Two studies conducted in Gabon confirmed the presence of HDV genotype-7 and -8. In this study we wanted to determine the molecular epidemiology of HBV and HDV strains circulating in Niger and more generally in the Sahara region, in neighboring countries of Mali from Mauritania and Chad. In a cohort from blood donors in Niger HBsAg carriers, we found that 80% of the studied strains belonged to genotype E. These strains showed genetic variability significantly different from that described for HBV/E strains of the literature (p <0. 005) suggesting an ancient diffusion of infection in Niger. Furthermore, we identified a new recombinant HB /D-E between strains HBV/D and HBV / E, representing nearly 20% of strains isolated in our cohort, with the specific breakpoints located in hotspots recombination described elsewhere in the literature. The recombinant HBV/D-E showed a divergence in its complete nucleotide sequence of more than 4% as compared to HBV genotypes /D described to date. The extensive phylogenetic analyses carried out allow us to classify it as clear as a new genotype, we proposed HBV/D8. Similarly, as also described by other teams, we have highlighted other recombinant HBV/E-D, both in Niger, but also in Mauritania with profiles different from each other, reflecting the high genetic variability of viral strains in the region. In contrast, the prevalence of HDV infection in Niger seemed a priori low. Four strains in our cohort (7. 8%), all classified as genotype HDV-1 were isolated. The study of HBV / HDV co-speciation in this region of Saharan Africa (Niger, Mali, Mauritania and Chad) was undertaken from 82 samples from the laboratory collection of HDV positive serum. Genotype E was associated with all delta genotypes found, HDV -1, -5 and -7. Similarly, HBV/D strain was also able to envelope the HDV-1 and -5. To test whether the envelopment of HDV or HBV was dependent or not on genotypes of virus strains, we developed a cellular in vitro model of transient co-transfection of plasmids encoding the HBsAg protein and large delta protein. The measurement method consisted of evaluating the formation of viral like particles. Preliminary results obtained with HBV/D co-transfected with HDV-1, -3, -5, -6, and -7, showed that HDV-1, but not HDV-5, was wrapped. With this model, studies are continuing to analyze the ability of the genotype E to wrapping different "Delta African genotypes"
Maerrawi, Ilham El. "Estudo dos fatores de risco associados às infecções pelo HIV, hepatite B e C e sífilis e suas prevalências em população carcerária de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-18012013-120725/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Infection by HIV, HBV, HCV and Treponema pallidum are common in the prison system due to an environment favorable to their propagation and represent a serious public health problem. This study aims to understand the epidemiological profile of the inmates in a prison unit and the behaviors associated with the infectious diseases studied. We estimated the prevalence of these infections and their co-infections, investigated potential risk factors, as well as identified the pattern of drug use in prison, especially crack use. METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted from February to December 2007 at the São Vicente Penitentiary . A descriptive analysis using frequency measures, means and standard deviations was conducted. We considered only the setting for serological diagnosis of infections. Odds ratio (OR) with a significance level of 5% (?) was used as a measure of association and a logistic regression was applied to estimate adjusted OR for some variables. RESULTS: A total of 546 prisoners were interviewed (84.1%). Of these, 514 (94.1%) underwent serological analysis. Results showed a profile of young men with an average age of 29.8 years. Fifty-two percent (283) reported marital relationship with an average of two children, and 51.5% (280) reported being of mixed ethnicity. The average time of arrest was 10.5 years. The prevalences were identified: HIV 1.8% [95% CI = 0.1 - 3.3], HBV 21.0% [95% CI 17.8 to 25.1], HCV 5.3% [95% CI = 3.5 to 7.6] and 5.3% [95% CI = 3.5 to 7.6] for infection with Treponema pallidum. The risk factors associated with HIV infection were injected-drug use (OR = 15.38), > 30 years (OR = 13.3), cocaine use (OR = 5.36) and use of crack during lifetime (OR = 5.21). According to multivariate analyzes, variables associated with HBV were: injected-drug use (OR = 3.36), reported any STD (OR = 2.28), > 30 years (OR = 1.86) and more than five years in prison (OR = 2.17); the variables associated with HCV were: injected-drug use (OR = 9.65), marijuana use in prison (OR = 2.91) and age> 30 years (OR = 8.41); the variables associated with Treponema pallidum were: homosexual intercourse (OR = 11.92) and have referred syphilis (OR = 10.88). The prevalence of co-infections were 0.8% [95% CI = 0.2 to 2.0] for HIV / HBV, 1.4% [95% CI = 0.5 to 2.8] for HBV / Treponema pallidum, 1.8% [95% CI = 0.8 to 3.3] for HBV / HCV infection and for the triple infection 0.4% [95% CI = 0.5 to 1.4]. Average age of onset of illicit drug use was 15.4 years. The use of crack during lifetime was reported by 25.0% (136) of respondents. In prison, alcohol use was reported by 8.4% (45), tobacco by 62.0% (318), marijuana by 36.5% (194), 9.0% for cocaine (48), and crack by 11.7% (15), with the daily use of crack reported by 2.3% (3). Injected-drug use during lifetime was reported by 5.9% (32), but no use in the last six months was reported. Drug-related violence episodes reported were death threats 14.3% (28), 16.7% (57) assaults and 27.3% (3) suffered sexual assault. To 15.8% (30) of the respondents, crack use was associated with violence episodes. The use of crack-cocaine in association with other drugs was reported by 41.5% (54). CONCLUSION: The prevalence found in the confined population is still larger than those observed in the general population. Drug use and unprotected sexual practices were maintained during the period of confinement. The confinement time proved to be an important factor in the analysis of risk of infection. The identified risk factors appear to be important indicators for developing strategies to control these infections in the prison environment.
Sharma, Anima. "Molecular pathogenesis of human retroviruses HIV-1 AND HTLV-1 /." Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1440254.
Full textTitle from PDF title page (viewed Mar. 18, 2008). Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-02, page: 0743. Adviser: Robert Harrod. Includes bibliographical references.
Scriba, Thomas Jens. "HIV T helper immunity studied with HLA class II tetramers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425908.
Full textBaxley, Dana Ali. "A MATHEMATICAL STUDY OF TWO RETROVIRUSES, HIV AND HTLV-I." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2369.
Full textM.S.
Department of Mathematics
Sciences
Mathematical Science MS
Quintana, Marcel de Souza Borges. "Análise longitudinal de coinfecções por HPV em pacientes HIV-positivas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-04042013-141055/.
Full textWe evaluated the incidence and clearance for oncogenic and non-oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) in an open cohort of 202 women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and we identified some risk factors and protective factors for each outcome using Gamma frailty models. In the incidence model, we studied the incidence of stroke by oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV for each woman; in the clearance model, the corresponding times to clearance were studied. We compared the standard errors estimated by the observed information matrix with bootstrap standard errors for both models and found that the variance and covariance matrix of the parameters proposed by Verweij & Houwelingen (1994) is more appropriate. For the incidence of oncogenic HPV, identified as a risk factor drug use and the incidence rate for patients who use drugs is 1.88 (90% CI, 1.01; 3.5) times the rate for those who do not use and as a protective factor income where the incidence rate is 0.62 (90% CI, 0.38; 1.00) times the rate for those earning less than 3 minimum wages. For the incidence of non-oncogenic HPV identified as risk factors schooling and total pregnancies, in which, for the latter, the incidence rate for women who had more than one pregnancy is 1.76 (90% CI, 1.09; 2.86) times the rate for those which have one or none. For clearance of oncogenic HPV identified as factors that indicate a faster clearance income, age and antiretroviral therapy (ART), in which, to the last, with women assuming equal frailties, the rate of clearance for patients who were treated with the protease inhibitor (IP) regimen is 1.79 (90% CI, 1.1; 2.9) times the rate for those who were not treated with any antiretroviral regimen and as a factor that indicates slower clearance the number of sexual partners in the last year, and for patients with more than one partner the clearance rate 0.39 (IC 90%, 0.16; 0.98) times the rate referring to a woman who had up to a partner. For the clearance of non-oncogenic HPV had a factor which indicates a slower clearance smoking habit, assuming equal frailties, smokers have the clearance rate 0.53 (90% CI, 0.32; 0.87) times the rate referring to a woman who does not smoke.
Kleefeld, Felix [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung des Einflusses einer Interferon-freien HCV-Eradikation auf neurokognitive Funktionen in HIV/HCV-koinfizierten und HCV-monoinfizierten Patienten / Felix Kleefeld." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1179778103/34.
Full textSantiago, Mariana Rodrigues. "Expressão das moléculas HLA-G em tecido placentário de mulheres infectadas ou não pelo HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-22052014-160124/.
Full textIn order to prevent the rejection of the semiallogenic tissue of the fetus by the maternal immune system, human pregnancy presents a variety of adaptation mechanisms. The HLA-G molecule in the maternal-fetal interface, presents an immunosuppressant feature that inhibits the cytotoxicity of NK cells and T lymphocytes, with a positive modulating effect over the pregnancy. Nevertheless, due to its immunosuppressive properties, the HLA-G molecule might be related to the continuance and the progression of the HIV- 1 infection. Our objective was to analyse the expression of HLA-G in placental tissues of both HIV-1 infected and uninfected women. As a descriptive and cross-sectional study, placental biopsies were collected from 100 HIV-1 infected women and 100 from uninfected ones. When socio- demographic data were analysed, it was observed that the profile of women taken care at the referential hospital in Ribeirão Preto resembled the ones found nationwide: the most prevalent age group was the 20-29 years (48%); the vast majority was of white people (71%); there was a higher frequency of primary education in this group (61%); and most of them did not perform any paid activity (68%); 56.7% of them underwent elective cesarean; and 100 % of them made use of injectable antiretroviral at the delivery, as prescribed by the Ministry of Health. The laboratorial technique used was immunohistochemical, which was performed by a pathologist. Final results showed no association between the expression of HLA-G and the biomarkers of the HIV-1, such as viral load (copies/mL) and CD4+ cell counting (cells/mm³) or even the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Nevertheless, in the placenta of women infected with HIV-1, the expression of the HLA-G proved to be reduced in comparison to women who did not have the infection (p <0.01 ), suggesting that this reduction could be a mechanism for viral escape which entails the reduction of viral peptides to CD8+ T lymphocytes. To understand the full extension of the expression pattern of the HLA-G in HIV-1 infected women, it is necessary to perform further studies using different methodologies
Martinez, Juliana. "Expressão das moléculas HLA-E em tecidos placentários de mulheres infectadas ou não pelo HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-22012014-111743/.
Full textDuring pregnancy, the expression of HLA -E molecules occurs mainly in extravillous trophoblasts of the placenta and are associated with the inhibition of the immune system resulting in immune tolerance to the fetus. This inhibition of the immune response may be beneficial in physiological conditions such as pregnancy, but harmful in the presence of tumors and infections. In this condition, it has been reported that HIV infects trophoblast cells and uses the HLA -E as an escape mechanism, increasing its expression to inhibit the activity of cytotoxic cells. However, despite the continued viral exposure, the fact that most newborns are not vertically infected suggests the existence of naturally protective barriers that prevent mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. Due to the lack of studies evaluating HLA-E in the maternal-fetal immunological interaction, specifically in HIV-1 infection, and the importance that this topic has towards the prevention of MTCT, this project aimed to evaluate the expression of HLA-E in placental tissues of infected women or not by HIV-1. It is a cross sectional study, which were submitted to immunohistochemical processing the paraffin- embedded placental tissue of 106 women infected with HIV-1 and 100 uninfected women. The expression of HLA-E was analyzed by a pathologist and classified qualitatively as mild, moderate or severe and quantitatively as negative (<5% markup), 1+ (6-25 %), 2+ (26-50%), 3+ (51-75%) and 4+ (>75%). The sociodemographic results indicate that pregnant women infected with HIV-1 were not women living in marital union (p<0,0001) and have lower education (p=0,0004). In immunohistochemical analysis, it became evident that the expression of HLA-E occurred mainly in the extravillous trophoblast and endothelial cells, but not in the villi of the placenta. The statistical tests used were chi-square and Fisher exact tests. The results showed that in women with the HIV-1 infection, the expression of HLA-E was significantly lower among those who had undetectable viral load (p=0,03), and there was no association between the expression of HLA- E with other conditions such as the presence or absence of HIV infection, miscarriage in previous pregnancies, number of CD4+ cells and antiretroviral therapy used. These results suggest that HIV-1 induces the expression of HLA-E placental cells, using it as a mechanism to escape the immune system. However other studies with genetic polymorphisms and microRNAs are needed to increase knowledge about the molecule, its role in HIV-1 infeccion and its role in MTCT
Rodriguez, Ma Del Rocio Rocha. "Fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de lesões cervicais em mulheres mexicanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-28032008-082517/.
Full textThe most recent compilation of global data indicates that, every year, 466,000 new cases of cervical cancer are detected around the world. Infection by oncogenic types of the human papillomavirus (HPV) constitutes an important risk factor for the development of colon cancer. In women with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), an increased prevalence and persistence of infection by oncogenic HPV has been demonstrated, justifying these women\'s increased susceptibility to the development of cervical lesions, which precede colon cancer. Cytokines are important in the defense against infection by HPV and its production level is genetically determined. The predominance of th1 cytokines, such as TNF-alfa, is associated with the regression of cervical lesions. This study analyzed behavioral, immunological and viral factors that may be associated with the development of cervical lesions in 66 Mexican women, infected by HIV-1 or not and presenting cervical lesions. Sociodemographic aspects and sexual aspects, HPV identification and typification and the detection of polymorphism in the region that promotes TNF were analyzed. With respect to socio-behavioral aspects, most women were legally married or lived in consensual union at the time of the interview, with basic education and low socioeconomic level. Moreover, most husbands were migrants from the United States (USA) who were looking for a job and better financial conditions. The group of HIV-1 patients who mentioned using a condom sometimes or never had having 2-3 partners was larger than the group of women without HIV-1. In addition, the sexual partners of women with HIV-1 had other hetero and/or homosexual partners. All patients included in this research presented active infection by HPV and low-grade cervical lesions. Oncogenic HPV, such as types 16/18 and 35, were significantly more frequent among HIV-positive than among HIV-negative patients. As to the comparisons of TNF polymorphism, the frequency of the TNF-308 genotype did not show significant differences between the patient group. The gene of the TNF promoting region in position -238 was also assessed. It was found that the TNF 238G allele, associated with high production levels of the cytokine, presented a significant increase in frequency among patient with in comparison with those without HIV-1. These results suggest that sociocultural conditions and sexual habits are involved in Mexican women\'s vulnerability to infection by HIV and HPV. Although the HIV patients present active infection by oncogenic HPV, the presence of the -238G allele, related with the high production of TNF-alpha, can be associated with the non progression of the cervical lesions. However, this must be interpreted with caution, as some women with low-grade cervical lesion results died of colon cancer. This fact reveals the fragility of gynecological analyses and assessments at the health services mentioned in this research and suggest the alternative of using molecular biology techniques for the identification and typification of HPV as an important strategy for colon cancer prevention programs.
Lima, Marina de Deus Moura de. "Correlação entre a presença do HPV na boca e no colo uterino de pacientes com sorologia positiva e negativa para o HIV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23141/tde-29092009-091212/.
Full textHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted viruses worldwide with both oral and genital manifestations. The high prevalence of HPV infection among HIV + individuals provides an opportunity to elucidate the relationship between oral and cervical HPV-infection in this group of subjects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible association between oral and cervical infections in HIV-positive and negative patients. One hundred HIV+ (group 1) and 100 HIV- (group 2) women were recruited consecutively from a gynecologic clinic between April 2008 and May 2009. All subjects were given a cervical and oral examination. Cytological samples were evaluated by the hybrid capture 2 technique from oral and cervical scrapings. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test and p values < 0.05 were considered significant. HPV-DNA was detected in cervical scrapings from 41 (41%) HIV-positive subjects and from 45 (45%) HIVnegative subjects (p=0.67). In oral samples, HPV-DNA was observed in 11 subjects from group 1 and in 2 subjects from group 2 (p=0.02). High-risk HPV subtypes were prevalent in both groups and no difference between the groups was detected (p=0.87). No subject showed macroscopic oral HPV-related lesion, whereas 15 (15.00%) from group 1, and 17 (17.00%) from group 2, presented with macroscopic genital lesion (p=0.2129). HPV-DNA was more frequent in oral mucosa of HIV+ patients than HIV- (p=0,018). There was no association between oral and cervical HPV infection in HIV+ and HIV- patients. Presence of cervical lesion was not associated with oral lesion.
Gaester, Karen Eliane de Oliveira. "Infecção do Papilomavírus Humano no fluído oral em homens infectados pelo HIV: prevalência da infecção e sua relação com os fatores de risco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-05052015-141155/.
Full textHuman Papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted infection worlwide. The natural history of oral HPV infection is unclear and its risk factors have not been explored. Immunocompromised people, as exemplified by HIV patients, are at high risk for HPV-infection. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HPV in the oral tract of HIV-1-positive male subjects and its association with risk factors. Case series: A total of 283 oral wash samples were analyzed. All samples were processed by washing processes, DNA extraction, DNA amplification by conventional PCR (MY 09/11), agarose gel electrophoresis and HPV DNA positive samples were submitted to HPV genotyping by hybridization. Results: HPV genotyping revealed of types 06, 16, 44, 51, 56, 58, 62, 66, 67, 72, 83 and 84; major high risk HPV type identified was HPV-66 and low risk types were HPV-6 and 83. Regarding risk factors, smoking was the only risk factor considered significant [OR (CI) = 10,04 (1,98 - 50,92), p>0,01] for the oral HPVinfection in HIV-1-infected subjects in São Paulo, Brazil. Discussion: The prevalence of oral HPV is highly variable due to factors such as method of collection and analysis. Although data on HPV infection in men are scarce, studies show that most Brazilian men are infected by the virus. The main risk factors are unprotected sexual intercourse, but other factors for this infection have been described elsewhere including smoking, alcohol consumption and HIV-positive serostatus. Conclusion: the prevalence of oral HPV in the individuals studied was 3.5% and among the types analyzed, most are not found in HPV vaccine commercially available.
Håkansson, Cornelia. "Jämförelse mellan två analyskit för typning av det humana leukocytantigenet HLA-B*57." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-16931.
Full textHuman leokocyte antigen (HLA), a protein present on the surface of our cells, is characterized as antigen-presenting a mechanism vertebrates have developed to locate infected or defect cells. HLA presents peptides which are brought from the cell's inside to be presented for the immune system. HIV is a virus that infects cells that express CD4 on the surface, such as macrophages and T-helper cells. When these are decreasing, the immune system gets weakened. Untreated HIV leads to AIDS, therefore are inhibiting pharmaceuticals like Abacavir important. Abacavir has shown good results, unfortunately 5-8% gets hypersensitivity-reactions. Scientists have shown that these reactions are strongly related to the HLA-B*57:01 allele. By screening for this allele, treatment with Abacavir could be avoided for this group of patients. The purpose of this study was to compare two different kits, Olerup SSP® HLA-B*57:01 and Inno-train HLA-READY GENE B57, for screening of HLA-B*57 in 20 different DNA samples. These have previously been typed with the established method at the clinical immunology and transfusion medicine, Lund University Hospital. The comparison was based on differences between the kits, both in terms of results, costs and analytical times. PCR was run before the samples were separated on gel with electrophoresis. The results were interpreted in accordance to the manufactures instructions. The results showed that both methods could type HLA correctly. All results from Olerup was correct. However, 8 out of 20 samples showed wrong results at the first run with Inno-train. These were correct after a second run. In terms of costs, Inno-train is cheaper per test, but Olerup would be cheaper in the long term. To really determine which kit is most suitable, more analyzes are required.
Lopez, Corina Reyes. "Effects of a Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management Intervention on the Psychological, Endocrinological, and Immunological Health of Minority Women Co-infected with HIV and HPV." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/63.
Full textTAJIMA, KAZUO, KEN-ICHIRO KINOSHITA, MASAZUMI NAGATOMO, SATOSHI SHIRAHAMA, SHIN-ICHIRO ITO, and KAZUNORI TACHIBANA. "Epidemic Patterns of Hepatitis Type B Virus (HBV) and Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I) in Two ATL-Endemic Islands in Kyushu, Japan." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17516.
Full textMatsukura, Motoi. "Highly active anti-retroviral therapy and liver mitochondrial toxicity in human immunodeficiency virus / hepatitis C virus co-infection." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2517.
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