Journal articles: 'HLV'

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Mayr, W. R., and M. Köhler. "Nebenwirkungen der Therapie mit Blut und Blutprodukten." Hämostaseologie 15, no. 04 (October 1995): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1655312.

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ZusammenfassungDie Übertragung von HlV-lnfektionen durch Blutkomponenten, die sich bislang noch nicht virusinaktivieren lassen, ist eine extrem seltene, aber typische unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkung der Transfusion. Um dieses Restrisiko für HIV zu ermitteln, haben wir die Daten von 1985-1993 aus Wien und Göttingen ausgewertet. Im Jahr 1993 war die Prävalenzrate der HIV-lnfektion bei Erstspendern 1:7000 in Wien und 1:7900 in Göttingen. Die Inzidenz einer Neuinfektion unter den Dauerspendem war 1:42000 in Wien und 1:67 000 in Göttingen. Es wurde ein statistisches Modell zur Berechnung des Restrisikos entwickelt, das sowohl (1) das diagnostische Fenster der HIV-Teste, (2) die Sensitivität der Anti-HIV-Teste, als auch (3) globale Testfehler (bzw. Nichtberücksichtigung eines Testergebnisses) berücksichtigt. Wir ermittelten ein Restrisiko (für 3. Generations-anti-HIV-Tests mit einem diagnostischen Fenster von 22 Tagen) in Wien von 1:520000 und in Göttingen von 1:900000 für das Jahr 1993. Die gleichzeitig durchgeführten Look-back-Untersuchungen erbrachten HlV-lnfektionen bei 3 Empfängern (auf 1900000 Blutspenden) in Wien und 1 Empfänger in Göttingen (für 160000 Blutspenden).Mit Hilfe unseres Modells ist nicht nur eine Risikoabschätzung möglich, sondern es läßt sich auch der Effekt weiterer Maßnahmen zur Reduktion des Restrisikos errechnen.

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Sidorchuk, Roman, Sergey Vladimirovich Mkhitaryan, Boris Vladimirovich Musatov, Aleksey Aleksandrovich Meshkov, and Timur Alekseevich Tultaev. "The influence of high level values on brand preferences of student youth in Russia." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 46, no. 7 (July 9, 2018): 638–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-01-2018-0006.

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Purpose The share of student youth, as consumers, is quite significant in the world. Considering that retailers view young consumers (including student audience) an important segment of the market, a substantial question is to study the effect of values on motivation consumer behavior. The purpose of this paper is to fill the lack of studies on motivational influence of “high-level values” (HLV) on young consumers. This research paper examines the motivational influence of HLV on brands in certain product categories-markers, to develop a methodology for segmenting consumers based on their clustering by values and evaluating brand preferences in different segments. Design/methodology/approach The sample was formed by the “snowball” method from first-year undergraduate students. The sample size involves 239 respondents. The research was carried out by the online survey method on the basis of a structured questionnaire. To obtain segments, the authors used hierarchical cluster analysis by the Ward method and the Euclidean distance method. The statistical significance of the differences in brand preferences between segments was checked in the conjugacy tables using the χ2 test at different significance levels. Findings Findings show clearly the possibility on the basis of HLV to identify segments of consumers, which allows obtaining the distribution of the perception of the brand. For a student audience received segments were: “Become a successful leader,” “become successful in a harmonious world,” “ascetic,” “the Hedonist,” Frequency analysis revealed an uneven distribution of preferences between the examined brands. At the same time, revealed the differences in the motivational significance HLV for brands in different product categories. Practical implications Retailers should use segmentation based on motivation influence of HLV for improving the effectiveness of communication of young consumers with brands. The solution of this problem will allow forming particular strategic behaviors of retailers occurring in the sphere of shaping relationships with young consumers. Originality/value It is one of the rare studies that investigate motivational influence of a complex of ten HLV on the young consumers. In this paper, the authors propose to use a methodology for young consumers segmentation based on clustering for HLV, and assessing brands preferences in different segments.

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Doerfler, Arnd, Tobias Engelhorn, Sabine Heiland, Thomas Benner, and Michael Forsting. "Perfusion- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring decompressive craniectomy in animals with experimental hemispheric stroke." Journal of Neurosurgery 96, no. 5 (May 2002): 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.96.5.0933.

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Object. The aim of this study was to use two types of serial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging—perfusionweighted (PW) and diffusion-weighted (DW)—to monitor craniectomy in rats with hemispheric stroke. Methods. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in 36 rats by using an endovascular method of occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). Craniectomy was performed 4 or 24 hours later in 12 animals each. Twelve control animals underwent occlusion but did not receive treatment. Perfusion-weighted, DW, and T2-weighted MR images were obtained at 4, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours postocclusion in all animals. Relative regional cerebral blood volumes and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated for the cortex and basal ganglia. Hemispheric lesion volumes (expressed as percentages of total brain volumes; %HLV) as they appeared on DW and T2-weighted MR images and on histological slices stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride were compared. Neurological performances and infarct volumes measured 7 days postocclusion were used as study end points. Both PW and DW images demonstrated ischemic tissue 4 hours after MCAO in all animals. Early treatment by performing craniectomy significantly improved cortical perfusion (p < 0.01), whereas the same procedure conveyed no benefit to the basal ganglia. Compared with findings in control animals, the DW image—derived %HLV was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) and the cortical ADCs at 4 and 24 hours postocclusion were significantly higher in animals treated early (p < 0.05). Late treatment with craniectomy did not significantly affect cerebral perfusion. The correlation between the DW imaging—derived %HLV and the histologically derived %HLV at 4 to 72 hours postocclusion was good (r = 0.74), whereas at Day 7 postocclusion the %HLV was underestimated up to 41% on DW imaging. At 4 hours postocclusion T2-weighted imaging failed to demonstrate the ischemic lesion, whereas from 24 to 72 hours postocclusion the correlation between the T2-weighted imaging—derived %HLV and the histologically derived %HLV was good (r > 0.81). Neurological performance was significantly improved in animals treated using craniectomy. Conclusions. Early craniectomy significantly improves cortical perfusion through leptomeningeal collateral vessels, significantly reduces infarct size, and improves neurological performance in animals with experimental acute hemispheric infarction. Both PW and DW imaging are suitable for noninvasive monitoring of the effects of decompressive craniectomy.

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Shinjo, Masato, Kanae Akaiwa, Masashi Iwasaki, and Yoshimasa Nakamura. "An extended Fibonacci sequence associated with the discrete hungry Lotka–Volterra system." International Journal of Biomathematics 10, no. 03 (February 20, 2017): 1750043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524517500437.

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The integrable hungry Lotka–Volterra (hLV) system stands for a prey–predator model in mathematical biology. The discrete-time hLV (dhLV) system is derived from a time discretization of the hLV system. The solution to the dhLV system is known to be represented by using the Casorati determinant. In this paper, we show that if the entries of the Casorati determinant become an extended Fibonacci sequence at the initial discrete time, then those are also an extended Fibonacci sequence at any discrete time. In other words, the extended Fibonacci sequence always appears in the entries of the Casorati determinant under the time evolution of the dhLV system with suitable initial setting. We also show that one of the dhLV variables converges to the ratio of two successive extended Fibonacci numbers as the discrete time goes to infinity.

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Ács, Virág, István Nagy, and Tamás Donkó. "A Selection Index for Improving the Carcass Traits in the Pannon Large Rabbit Breed." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 5 (2019): 1125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967051125.

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Loin muscle volume and hind leg muscle volume measured by computer tomography are economically valuable traits in rabbit breeding. Hence, genetic parameters were calculated to these new selection criteria, and a two-trait selection index was created in order to modify the current selection process of the Pannon large rabbit breed. The evaluated animals (n = 312) were randomly selected from 2014 and 2018, and the total number of animals in the pedigree file was 2758. Loin muscle volume (LMV) and hind leg muscle volume (HLV) were analyzed in a two-trait animal model. The estimated heritability for LMV was h2 = 0.4 and h2 = 0.42 for the HLV respectively. The selection index was created with desired gains by improving each trait in the selection criteria with one additive genetic standard deviation and the final index was Z transformed. Correlation coefficients between the index and the examined traits were high, 0.86 for LMV and 0.87 for HLV, thus this method could be announced into the breeding program.

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Caboral Stevens, Meriam, Godfrey Aneke, and Andrew Neplock. "The review of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PreP) for HIV prevention." Cultura del cuidado 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/1794-5232/cultrua.2014v11n1.3808.

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Human lmmunodeficiency Virus (HlV) epidemic continues to represent a major global health issue. Today, there are several tools available to prevent the spread of HIV infection. However, there are several constraints to the current prevention strategies including low condom use, low acceptance of testing, low awareness of vulnerability and more emphasis on treatment. Prevention strategy is redirected towards reducing acquisition of HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP is the latest groundbreaking innovation in biomedical research in the prevention of HIV transmission.The purpose of this paper is to review preex ding the current guidelines in the use of PreP.

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Makiala-Mandanda, Sheila, Frédéric Le Gal, Nadine Ngwaka-Matsung, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Richard Onanga, Berthold Bivigou-Mboumba, Elisabeth Pukuta-Simbu, et al. "High Prevalence and Diversity of Hepatitis Viruses in Suspected Cases of Yellow Fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 5 (February 15, 2017): 1299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01847-16.

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ABSTRACTThe majority of patients with acute febrile jaundice (>95%) identified through a yellow fever surveillance program in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) test negative for antibodies against yellow fever virus. However, no etiological investigation has ever been carried out on these patients. Here, we tested for hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis D (HDV), and hepatitis E (HEV) viruses, all of which can cause acute febrile jaundice, in patients included in the yellow fever surveillance program in the DRC. On a total of 498 serum samples collected from suspected cases of yellow fever from January 2003 to January 2012, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques were used to screen for antibodies against HAV (IgM) and HEV (IgM) and for antigens and antibodies against HBV (HBsAg and anti-hepatitis B core protein [HBc] IgM, respectively), HCV, and HDV. Viral loads and genotypes were determined for HBV and HVD. Viral hepatitis serological markers were diagnosed in 218 (43.7%) patients. The seroprevalences were 16.7% for HAV, 24.6% for HBV, 2.3% for HCV, and 10.4% for HEV, and 26.1% of HBV-positive patients were also infected with HDV. Median viral loads were 4.19 × 105IU/ml for HBV (range, 769 to 9.82 × 109IU/ml) and 1.4 × 106IU/ml for HDV (range, 3.1 × 102to 2.9 × 108IU/ml). Genotypes A, E, and D of HBV and genotype 1 of HDV were detected. These high hepatitis prevalence rates highlight the necessity to include screening for hepatitis viruses in the yellow fever surveillance program in the DRC.

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Lesar, Sharon, and Yvonne A. Maldonado. "The Impact of Children with HIV Infection on the Family System." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 78, no. 3 (June 1997): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.775.

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The authors examined the effects of HIV infection on the family system as reported by 48 caregivers of HlV-exposed children. Respondents completed the Impact on Family Scale (IFS) as part of their participation in the study. Results showed that the psychological burden of the illness was significantly related to the child's HIV status; financial burden, social/familial Impact, and psychological burden of the Illness were significantly related to the caregiver's HIV status; psychological burden and social/familial impact differed as a function of the child's and caregiver's HIV status; and the Impact of HIV infection differed as a function of the caregiver relationship. Implications of the findings for service delivery are discussed.

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Christiansen, Claus Bohn, Torben E. Jessen, Claus Nielsen, and Poul Staun-Ohen. "False Negative Anti-HIV-1/HlV-2 ELlSAs in Acute HIV-2 Infection." Vox Sanguinis 70, no. 3 (April 1996): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.1996.tb01312.x.

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Yang, Aili, Ping Li, and Jingrong Zhong. "Facile preparation of low-cost HKUST-1 with lattice vacancies and high-efficiency adsorption for uranium." RSC Advances 9, no. 18 (2019): 10320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01427f.

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Michael, Rainer H., Christa Claes, and Matthias Stoll. "Defizite in der sozialrechtlichen Versorgung HlV-lnfizierter." Public Health Forum 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2002): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pubhef-2002-1878.

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Takahashi, Masaharu, Tsutomu Nishizawa, Yuhko Gotanda, Fumio Tsuda, Fumio Komatsu, Terue Kawabata, Kyoko Hasegawa, et al. "High Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis A and E Viruses and Viremia of Hepatitis B, C, and D Viruses among Apparently Healthy Populations in Mongolia." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11, no. 2 (March 2004): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.11.2.392-398.2004.

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ABSTRACT The prevalence of infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV), HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV was evaluated in 249 apparently healthy individuals, including 122 inhabitants in Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, and 127 age- and sex-matched members of nomadic tribes who lived around the capital city. Overall, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 24 subjects (10%), of whom 22 (92%) had detectable HBV DNA. Surprisingly, HDV RNA was detectable in 20 (83%) of the 24 HBsAg-positive subjects. HCV-associated antibodies were detected in 41 (16%) and HCV RNA was detected in 36 (14%) subjects, none of whom was coinfected with HBV, indicating that HBV/HCV carriers account for one-fourth of this population. Antibodies to HAV and HEV were detected in 249 (100%) and 28 (11%) subjects, respectively. Of 22 HBV DNA-positive subjects, genotype D was detected in 21 subjects and genotype F was detected in 1 subject. All 20 HDV isolates recovered from HDV RNA-positive subjects segregated into genotype I, but these differed by 2.1 to 11.4% from each other in the 522- to 526-nucleotide sequence. Of 36 HCV RNA-positive samples, 35 (97%) were genotype 1b and 1 was genotype 2a. Reflecting an extremely high prevalence of hepatitis virus infections, there were no appreciable differences in the prevalence of hepatitis virus markers between the two studied populations with distinct living place and lifestyle. A nationwide epidemiological survey of hepatitis viruses should be conducted in an effort to prevent de novo infection with hepatitis viruses in Mongolia.

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Funk, Markus, Jörg Joseph-Steiner, Pablo Hernaiz-Driever, Dirk Mentzer, Gudrun Göhlich-Ratmann, Matthias Bollinger, Wolfhart Kreuz, Bernhard Kornhuber, and Gert Jacobi. "Affektionen des Nervensystems bei perinatal HlV-infizierten Kindern." Klinische Pädiatrie 208, no. 05 (September 1996): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1046487.

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Koenraadt, Wilke M. C., Margot M. Bartelings, Regina Bökenkamp, Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot, Marco C. DeRuiter, Martin J. Schalij, and Monique RM Jongbloed. "Coronary anatomy in children with bicuspid aortic valves and associated congenital heart disease." Heart 104, no. 5 (July 27, 2017): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311178.

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ObjectiveIn patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), coronary anatomy is variable. High take-off coronary arteries have been described, but data are scarce, especially when associated with complex congenital heart disease (CHD). The purpose of this study was to describe coronary patterns in these patients.MethodsIn 84 postmortem heart specimens with BAV and associated CHD, position and height of the coronary ostia were studied and related to BAV morphology.ResultsHigh take-off right (RCA) and left coronary arteries (LCA) were observed in 23% and 37% of hearts, respectively, most frequently in hearts with hypoplastic left ventricle (HLV) and outflow tract anomalies. In HLV, high take-off was observed in 18/40 (45%) more frequently of LCA (n=14) than RCA (n=6). In hearts with aortic hypoplasia, 8/13 (62%) had high take-off LCA and 6/13 (46%) high take-off RCA. High take-off was seen 19 times in 22 specimens with perimembranous ventricular septal defect (RCA 8, LCA 11). High take-off was associated with type 1A BAV (raphe between right and left coronary leaflets), more outspoken for the RCA. Separate ostia of left anterior descending coronary artery and left circumflex coronary artery were seen in four hearts (5%), not related to specific BAV morphology.ConclusionHigh take-off coronary arteries, especially the LCA, occur more frequently in BAV with associated CHD than reported in normal hearts and isolated BAV. Outflow tract defects and HLV are associated with type 1A BAV and high take-off coronary arteries. Although it is unclear whether these findings in infants with detrimental outcome can be related to surviving adults, clinical awareness of variations in coronary anatomy is warranted.

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Troisi, CL, FB Hollinger, WK Hoots, C. Contant, J. Gill, M. Ragni, R. Parmley, C. Sexauer, E. Gomperts, and G. Buchanan. "A multicenter study of viral hepatitis in a United States hemophilic population." Blood 81, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.2.412.412.

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Abstract Hemophilia A and B patients seen at nine US regional treatment centers were tested for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) during 1987 and 1988. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a potentially confounding variable, was present in 53% of the group, the population was divided by HIV status for analysis purposes. In the HIV-positive group (N = 382), less than 1% had not been infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, whereas 75% had evidence of infection with HBV and 98% with HCV. HBsAg, a marker of active HBV infection, was present in 12% of subjects; 96% of these were HCV positive. Anti-HDV was detected in 35 subjects (9.1%); all were anti-HBc positive. Ten of the 35 (29%) also were positive for IgM anti-HDV, indicating current infection. All 10 were HBsAg positive and 7 of the 9 tested were HDV RNA positive. Severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to have experienced an HBV infection and to be anti-HDV positive than were similar hemophilia A patients (22% v 8%, P < .05). In the HIV-negative group (N = 345), the subjects were younger and had less severe hemophilia than the HIV-positive patients. No evidence of HBV, HCV, or HDV infection was found in 18%, whereas 33% had experienced HBV infection and 79% were anti-HCV positive. Within this group, 4% were HBsAg positive. All 13 subjects with anti-HDV (4% of the HIV-negative group) also possessed anti-HBc. One (7.7%) was IgM anti-HDV positive and the serum from another contained HDV RNA. Both of these individuals were HBsAg positive. As in the HIV-positive group, severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to be HBV and HDV positive than were hemophilia A patients (9% v 3%, P < .05). A prevalence study of viral hepatitis in a large US hemophilic population showed that active infection with HCV is common, occurring in 89% of all study patients regardless of HIV status. Evidence of active HBV infection was found in 8%; 19% of these were actively infected with HDV. HDV was more common in hemophilia B patients after controlling for disease severity.

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Troisi, CL, FB Hollinger, WK Hoots, C. Contant, J. Gill, M. Ragni, R. Parmley, C. Sexauer, E. Gomperts, and G. Buchanan. "A multicenter study of viral hepatitis in a United States hemophilic population." Blood 81, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.2.412.bloodjournal812412.

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Hemophilia A and B patients seen at nine US regional treatment centers were tested for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) during 1987 and 1988. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a potentially confounding variable, was present in 53% of the group, the population was divided by HIV status for analysis purposes. In the HIV-positive group (N = 382), less than 1% had not been infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, whereas 75% had evidence of infection with HBV and 98% with HCV. HBsAg, a marker of active HBV infection, was present in 12% of subjects; 96% of these were HCV positive. Anti-HDV was detected in 35 subjects (9.1%); all were anti-HBc positive. Ten of the 35 (29%) also were positive for IgM anti-HDV, indicating current infection. All 10 were HBsAg positive and 7 of the 9 tested were HDV RNA positive. Severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to have experienced an HBV infection and to be anti-HDV positive than were similar hemophilia A patients (22% v 8%, P < .05). In the HIV-negative group (N = 345), the subjects were younger and had less severe hemophilia than the HIV-positive patients. No evidence of HBV, HCV, or HDV infection was found in 18%, whereas 33% had experienced HBV infection and 79% were anti-HCV positive. Within this group, 4% were HBsAg positive. All 13 subjects with anti-HDV (4% of the HIV-negative group) also possessed anti-HBc. One (7.7%) was IgM anti-HDV positive and the serum from another contained HDV RNA. Both of these individuals were HBsAg positive. As in the HIV-positive group, severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to be HBV and HDV positive than were hemophilia A patients (9% v 3%, P < .05). A prevalence study of viral hepatitis in a large US hemophilic population showed that active infection with HCV is common, occurring in 89% of all study patients regardless of HIV status. Evidence of active HBV infection was found in 8%; 19% of these were actively infected with HDV. HDV was more common in hemophilia B patients after controlling for disease severity.

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Chu, Chia-Ming, Chau-Ting Yeh, and Yun-Fan Liaw. "Viral Superinfection in Previously Unrecognized Chronic Carriers of Hepatitis B Virus with Superimposed Acute Fulminant versus Nonfulminant Hepatitis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 1 (1999): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.1.235-237.1999.

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The role of viral superinfection in hepatitis B surface antigen carriers with superimposed fulminant (n = 60) versus nonfulminant (n = 90) acute hepatitis was studied. The frequency of hepatitis A virus (HAV) (0 versus 2.2%), HCV (18.3 versus 21.1%), HDV (15.0 versus 7.8%), and HEV (1.7 versus 4.4%) infection showed no significant difference, while simultaneous HCV and HDV infection was significantly more prevalent in the former (8.3 versus 0%). Only 3.6% of fulminant cases and 3.3% of nonfulminant controls were HGV RNA positive.

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Tserashkou, D. V., V. M. Mitsura, E. V. Voropaev, and O. V. Osipkina. "VIRAL COINFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B: THEIR PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE." Hepatology and Gastroenterology 4, no. 2 (2020): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-171-176.

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Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global public health problem. Objective – to analyze the prevalence of viral coinfections with human immunodefciency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), TT-viruses and SENV in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and to assess their inﬂuence on liver disease severity. Material and methods. The observational cross-sectional study included 287 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) – those with monoinfection and coinfected with HIV, HCV, HDV. Routine hematological and biochemical tests were performed, serum HBV DNA level as well as liver fbrosis stage were measured. Blood samples from 62 patients for Torque teno virus (TTV), Torque teno mini virus, Torque teno midi virus, SENV (D and H genotypes) DNAs were examined by polymerase chain reaction. Results. Among patients with CHB the prevalence of coinfection HBV + HIV is 6.6%, HBV + HCV – 6.3%, HBV + HDV – 3.8% and HBV + HDV + HCV – 1.7%. CHB patients coinfected with HIV, HCV, HDV had more pronounced biochemical differences and higher proportion of liver cirrhosis vs. HBV-monoinfected ones. The detection rate of TT viruses and their various combinations in patients with CHB is 91.9%, SENV – 66.1%. Conclusion. Coinfection with HIV, HCV, HDV in CHB patients is associated with more severe forms of chronic liver disease as compared to HBV-monoinfection. TT viruses and SENV are widespread and don’t affect the severity of liver disease in patients with CHB.

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Dickson-Spillmann, Maria, Severin Haug, Ambros Uchtenhagen, Philip Bruggmann, and Michael P. Schaub. "Rates of HIV and Hepatitis Infections in Clients Entering Heroin-Assisted Treatment between 2003 and 2013 and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Infection." European Addiction Research 22, no. 4 (December 11, 2015): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441973.

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Background/Aims: We report on the rates of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1,313 clients entering heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) in Switzerland from 2003 to 2013. We identify predictors of HCV infection. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires within 2 weeks of clients' first entry into HAT. Prevalence of HAV, HBV, HCV and HIV was calculated using laboratory test results collected at entry or using reports of older test results. Predictors of HCV status were identified through multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Results show stable rates of HIV-positive clients and decreasing proportions of HAV- and HBV-infected clients. In 2013, there were 12% (n = 8) HIV-, 20% (n = 12) HAV-, 20% (n = 12) HBV- and 52% HCV- (n = 34) positive clients. Vaccination against HAV and HBV had become more frequent. Predictors of positive HCV status included older age, female gender, earlier year of entry, having spent 1 month or more in detention or prison, use of injected heroin and more years of intravenous use. Conclusion: Our results highlight the fact that efforts to prevent and test for infections and to promote vaccination against HAV and HBV in heroin users need to be continued.

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Rahman, Md Tahminur, Rosy Sultana, and Sohel Reza Chowdhury. "Seropositivity and pattern of viral hepatitis in clinically suspected cases of hepatitis in Dhaka city." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 33, no. 3 (September 15, 2010): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v33i3.1142.

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An attempt was made to see the seropositivity and pattern of four common hepatotrophic viruses (HBV, HCV, HEV, HAV) in patients suspected to have been suffering from viral hepatitis. Blood samples from 2,995 cases of suspected HBV infection, 331 from HCV, 155 from HEV and 24 from HAV were tested for these viral markers. Of these a total of 245 (8.1%) were positive for HBsAg, 18 (5.4%) for HCV, 87 (56.1%) for HEV and 8 (33.3%) were positive for HAV infection. The predominant age group affected in HBV is 25-40 years, for HCV >61 years, HEV 26-50 years and HAV under 11 years. Seropositivity for HBsAg was statistically higher (near double) in males than females (p<0.05). HCV showed more seropositivity in males than females. HEV showed slight male preponderance and for HAV the female showed preponderance. The seropositivity rate was higher in Bangladesh in comparison to other developed and developing countries.DOI = 10.3329/bmrcb.v33i3.1142Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2007; 33: 103-106

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Friedmann, W., A. Schäfer, and W. Lichtenegger. "Zytologische Zeichen der HPV-Infektion bei HlV-positiven Patientinnen." Gynäkologisch-geburtshilfliche Rundschau 29, no. 2 (1989): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000271018.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "The frequency of IgM-anti HAV in the sera of patients with hepatitis in Iraq." Baghdad Science Journal 4, no. 2 (June 3, 2007): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.4.2.298-300.

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Three hundred and fifty five patients with hepatitis were investigated in this study all cases gave negative result with HBs Ag , IgM-anti HCV , IgM-anti HEV, IgM-anti HDV and anti-HIV tests . The frequency of IgM-anti HAV was 113 and the percentage was 32 % in all ages but when these patients divided into five groups dependent on ages. The highest percentage of IgM-anti HAV was (45%) in age 41 year.

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Joya, Christie, Seung Hyun Won, Christina Schofield, Tahaniyat Lalani, Ryan C. Maves, Karl Kronmann, Robert Deiss, Jason Okulicz, Brian K. Agan, and Anuradha Ganesan. "Persistent Low-level Viremia While on Antiretroviral Therapy Is an Independent Risk Factor for Virologic Failure." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 12 (February 16, 2019): 2145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz129.

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Abstract Background Whether persistent low-level viremia (pLLV) predicts virologic failure (VF) is unclear. We used data from the US Military HIV Natural History Study (NHS), to examine the association of pLLV and VF. Methods NHS subjects who initiated combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) after 1996 were included if they had 2 or more VLs measured with a lower limit of detection of ≤50 copies/mL. VF was defined as a confirmed VL ≥200 copies/mL or any VL >1000 copies/mL. Participants were categorized into mutually exclusive virologic categories: intermittent LLV (iLLV) (VL of 50–199 copies/mL on <25% of measurements), pLLV (VL of 50–199 copies/mL on ≥25% of measurements), high-level viremia (hLV) (VL of 200–1000 copies/mL), and continuous suppression (all VL <50 copies/mL). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between VF and LLV; hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) are presented. Results Two thousand six subjects (median age 29.2 years, 93% male, 41% black) were included; 383 subjects (19%) experienced VF. After adjusting for demographics, VL, CD4 counts, ART regimen, prior use of mono or dual antiretrovirals, and time to ART start, pLLV (3.46 [2.42–4.93]), and hLV (2.29 [1.78–2.96]) were associated with VF. Other factors associated with VF include black ethnicity (1.33 [1.06–1.68]) and antiretroviral use prior to ART (1.79 [1.34–2.38]). Older age at ART initiation (0.71 [0.61–0.82]) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (0.68 [0.51–0.90]) or integrase strand transfer inhibitor use (0.26 [0.13–0.53]) were protective. Conclusion Our data add to the body of evidence that suggests persistent LLV is associated with deleterious virologic consequences.

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Prasetyo, Afiono Agung, Paramasari Dirgahayu, Yulia Sari, Hudiyono Hudiyono, and Seiji Kageyama. "Molecular epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates in central Javan prisons, Indonesia." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, no. 06 (June 15, 2013): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2965.

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Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the current molecular prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and human T lymphotropic virus-1/2 (HTLV-1/2) circulating among drug abuser inmates incarcerated in prisons located in Central Java, Indonesia. Methodology: Socio-epidemiological data and blood specimens were collected from 375 drug abuser inmates in four prisons. The blood samples were analyzed with serological and molecular testing for HIV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HTLV-1/2. Results: The seroprevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV, HDV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates was 4.8% (18/375), 3.2% (12/375), 34.1% (128/375), 0% (0/375), and 3.7% (14/375), respectively. No co-infections of HIV and HBV were found. Co-infections of HIV/HCV, HIV/HTLV-1/2, HBV/HCV, HBV/HTLV-1/2, and HCV/HTLV-1/2 were prevalent at rates of 4% (15/375), 1.3% (5/375), 1.1% (4/375), 0.3% (1/375), and 2.1% (8/375), respectively. The HIV/HCV co-infection rate was significantly higher in injection drug users (IDUs) compared to non-IDUs. Triple co-infection of HIV/HCV/HTLV-1/2 was found only in three IDUs (0.8%). HIV CRF01_AE was found to be circulating in the inmates. HBV genotype B3 predominated, followed by C1. Subtypes adw and adr were found. HCV genotype 1a predominated among HCV-infected inmates, followed by 1c, 3k, 3a, 4a, and 1b. All HTLV-1 isolates shared 100% homology with HTLV-1 isolated in Japan, while all of the HTLV-2 isolates were subtype 2a. Conclusion: Drug abuser inmates in prisons may offer a unique community to bridge prevention and control of human blood-borne virus infection to the general community.

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Wiener, Pauline K., Mlchael A. Schwartz, and Ralph A. O’Connell. "Characteristics of HlV-Infected Patients in an Inpatient Psychiatric Setting." Psychosomatics 35, no. 1 (January 1994): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3182(94)71808-9.

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Cornford, Marcia E., Janet K. Holden, Michael C. Boyd, Kenneth Berry, and Harry V. Vinters. "Neuropathology of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS): Report of 39 Autopsies from Vancouver, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 19, no. 4 (November 1992): 442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100041627.

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ABSTRACT:Neuropathological findings from 39 acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) autopsies of primarily neurologically symptomatic patients and 7 brain biopsies from AIDS patients performed at St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia are reported. Autopsy findings included human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HlV)-type multinucleated giant cell (MNGC)-associated encephalitis seen in 17 patients, toxoplasmosis in 7 patients, and cytomegalovirus encephalitis and/or microglial nodule-associated nuclear inclusions in brain parenchyma in 9 patients. Central nervous system lymphoma was identified in 11 autopsy patients and in 4 of 7 brain biopsies. Infectious processes including HIV encephalitis were seen in 10 of 11 autopsied patients with lymphoproliferative lesions in the brain parenchyma, while 40% of patients without lymphoma had HIV-type MNGC or opportunistic infections. CNS lymphoma was not significantly increased in incidence in patients with a clinical history of zidovudine treatment, but increased duration of survival after the diagnosis of AIDS was associated with increased incidence of lymphoma in both untreated and zidovudine-treated patients. Patients displaying HIV MNGC within microglial nodules had a shorter mean duration of survival after diagnosis of AIDS than those patients with HIV encephalitis with dispersed MNGC, white matter vacuolation, and gliosis.

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Ziaee, Masood, Roghiya Azizee, and Mohammad Hasan Namaei. "Prevalence of HCV Infection in Hemodialysis Patients of South Khorasan in Comparison With HBV, HDV, HTLV I/II, And HIV Infection." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2013): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.13903.

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Background and objective: This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as well as HBV, HDV, HTLV I/II, and HIV infection in hemodialysis patients in our district. Methods: The subjects of this study involved 41 hemodialysis patients admitted to hemodialysis ward, Vali- Asr hospital. HBV, HDV, HIV, and HTLV1/2 infections were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Serum anti- HCV anti-body was measured using the 3rd generation of ELISA kit. HCV Viremia was evaluated in all patients using RT-PCR technique. Results: HCV infection was not observed in none of patients by ELISA technique; however RT-PCR technique demonstrated HCV viremia in one (2.43%) patient. HBsAg was detected in 4(9.75%) patients, and one (2.43%) was Anti HTLV 1/2 positive; none of patients were HDV or HIV positive. Conclusion: HCV infection is less common than HBV infection in our patients. ELISA technique can not demonstrate all hemodialysis patients with HCV infection, For this reason it is requirement to evaluate this group of patients for HCV infection using RT-PC technique. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.13903 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 36-39

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Renoud-Grappin, M., C. Fossey, G. Fontaine, D. Ladurée, AM Aubertin, and A. Kirn. "Imidazo[1,5-b]Pyridazine-D4T Conjugates: Synthesis and Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Evaluation." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 9, no. 3 (June 1998): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029800900302.

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In an attempt to combine the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-D-inhibitory capacity of 2′,3 -dideoxy-2,3 -didehydronucleoside analogues [nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors; NRTI] and non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTI), we have designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-HIV activity several heterodimers of the general formula [d4T]-NH-(CH2)n-NH-[imidazo[1,5–b]pyridazine]. The synthesis of these heterodimers was conducted in three parts. The first part focused on the synthesis of the NRTI. The second part was devoted to the NNRTI and the NNRTI linked to appropriate spacers; [NNRTI]-NH-(CH2)n-NH2. In the third part, the condensation between the NRTI and the [NNRTI]-NH-(CH2)n-NH2 was performed. The in vitro inhibitory activities against HIV-1 of the [d4T]-NH-(CH2)n-NH-[imidazo[1,5–b]pyridazine] heterodimers were found to be comparable to that of d4T (stavudine) in HIV-infected cells. Moreover, the heterodimers were endowed with anti-HlV-2 activity and with anti-nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 activity. None of the heterodimers proved markedly cytotoxic to CEM-SS or MT-4 cells. There was not a clear trend toward antiviral potency on lengthening the methylene spacer in the [d4T]-NH-(CH2)n-NH-[imidazo[1,5–b]pyridazine] heterodimers.

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Turner, Barbara J., James Cocroft, Walter W. Hauck, Donald F. Schwarz, and Rosemary Casey. "Frequency and Predictors of Medically Attended Injuries in HlV-nfected Children." Clinical Pediatrics 38, no. 11 (November 1999): 625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000992289903801101.

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Le Gal, Frédéric, Samira Dziri, Athenaïs Gerber, Chakib Alloui, Zahia Ben Abdesselam, Dominique Roulot, Ségolène Brichler, and Emmanuel Gordien. "Performance Characteristics of a New Consensus Commercial Kit for Hepatitis D Virus RNA Viral Load Quantification." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 2 (November 23, 2016): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02027-16.

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ABSTRACTHepatitis D virus (HDV) is responsible for fulminant hepatitis and liver failure and accelerates evolution toward cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients. To date, treatment relies upon long-term administration of pegylated alpha-interferon with a sustained virological response in 30% of the patients. Very recently, new, promising anti-HDV therapies have been developed and are already being used in clinical trials. HDV RNA viral load (HDVL) monitoring must be an integral part of the management of the infected patients. However, HDV genus is characterized by a high genetic variability into eight genotypes (HDV-1 to -8), and most available in-house or commercial assays are useful for only a limited subset of genotypes. Results of a comparison of the performance of a new kit for HDVL quantification with the consensus in-house assay of the French National Reference Laboratory for HDV developed in 2005 are reported here. A total of 611 clinical samples of all HDV genotypes with various HDVL values, including several consecutive samples over several years from 36 patients, were studied. A specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility evaluation was conducted using HDV-positive clinical samples, hepatitis A, B, C and E (HAV, HBV, HCV, and HEV, respectively) and HIV mono-infected samples, and the WHO HDV RNA international standard. Overall results were strictly comparable between the two assays (median difference, 0.07 log IU/ml), with high diagnosis precision and capacity. In summary, this new kit showed high performance in detection/quantification of HDVL, regardless of the genotype of the infecting strain used, and seems to be a suitable tool for patient management.

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Hofmann, Bo, Ib Bygbjerg, Ebbe Dickmeiss, Viggo Faber, Birgitte Frederiksen, Johannes Gaub, Jan Gerstoft, et al. "Prognostic Value of Immunologic Abnormalities and HIV Antigenemia in Asymptomatic HlV-infected Individuals: Proposal of Immunologic Staging." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 21, no. 6 (January 1989): 633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365548909021691.

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Bartlett, John G. "Long-Term Central Venous Catheter Infection in HlV-Infected and Cancer Patients." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 8, no. 9 (December 1999): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019048-199912000-00005.

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Haji Che Daud, Mohd Radzi, and Mohamad Faizal Bin Abdul Nasir. "Design and Develop the Jig and Fixtures for HLV 30 Piercing Machine." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.781.

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HLV 30 Piercing Machine produced by SMG Pressen, an engineering company from Germany that exercising the task of piercing of LPG cylinder for valving process. This particular machine is used by LPG cylinder production plant, and one of them is Keloil LPG Cylinders Sdn. Bhd. This research project intend to study how this piercing process affects the production quality of the LPG gas and also to develop and design the new jig and fixture for this machine to get the accurate tolerance for the piercing process and decrease the index of rejection of the cylinder. In this research, we try to analyze the production data and try to make a new design of fixtures for this machine to get the better result and performance for this machine.

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Saalfrank, Rolf W., Oliver Struck, Karl Peters, and Hans Georg von Schnering. "Synthese, Reaktivität und Struktur von Semicorrinatcobalt-Komplexen [1] / Synthesis, Reactivity and Structure of Cobalt Semicorrinate Complexes [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 49, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 1415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1994-1019.

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AbstractRecently we have shown that reaction of copper(II) acetate with pyrrolidines 3 (HL1) and 4 (HL2) leads to the formation of the 2D-coordination polymer 1 and the helical 1 D-polymer 2. Ligands of semicorrin type 9 (HL3-5) exhibit similar structural motives compared with the tridentate pyrrolidine ligands 3 and 4. Reaction of semicorrin 9a (HL3) with Co(II) acetate yields the mononuclear chelate complex 10a (CoL32), whereas in the presence of oxygen the formation of the oxidation product 14 [CoL32(OAc)] is observed. The chiral semicorrin ligands 9b, c (HL4, HL5) react with metal(II) acetates to give the complexes 10b,c-13b,c via diastereospecific complexation. The structures of the cobalt complexes have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

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Pinho, João R. R., Paolo M. De A. Zanotto, João L. P. Ferreira, Laura M. Sumita, Flair J. Carrilho, Luiz C. da Silva, M. Lourdes Capacci, et al. "High Prevalence of GB Virus C in Brazil and Molecular Evidence for Intrafamilial Transmission." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 5 (1999): 1634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.5.1634-1637.1999.

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The prevalence of GB virus C (GBV-C) in candidate Brazilian blood donors with normal and elevated alanine aminotransferase levels was found to be 5.2% (5 of 95) and 6.5% (5 of 76), respectively. Among Brazilian patients, GBV-C was found in 9.5% (13 of 137) of cases of hepatitis not caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), HBV, HCV, HDV, or HEV (non-A-E hepatitis) and in 18.2% (8 of 44) of individuals infected with HCV. Molecular characterization of GBV-C by partial sequencing of the NS3 region showed clustering between members of a single family, implying intrafamilial transmission. In conclusion, these results together suggest that contagion mechanisms which facilitate intrafamilial transmission of GBV-C may partially explain the high prevalence of viremic carriers worldwide.

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Quintana Jedermann, Fernando, and Stalin De loor Zambrano. "Uso de membrana amniótica como cobertura temporal en pacientes con quemaduras del hospital Luis Vernaza." Medicina 19, no. 1 (November 18, 2015): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23878/medicina.v19i1.680.

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El paciente con quemaduras demanda de un manejo complejo, y el uso de membrana amniótica como cobertura temporal conforma un método muy valioso para favorecer su evolución. Este método forma parte de las alternativas terapéuticas en la Unidad de Quemados del hospital Luis Vernaza (HLV). Objetivos: demostrar la eficiencia del amnios humano como cobertura temporal en pacientes con quemaduras. Metodología: se presenta una serie de 14 casos de pacientes con quemaduras de menos del 25 % de superficie corporal total, tratados en la Unidad de Quemados del HLV, donde se aplicó membrana amniótica humana. Resultados: el 100 % de los pacientes requirió solo de una aplicación, 9 pacientes fueron del sexo masculino (64 %) y 5 del femenino (36 %), con un rango de edades entre 25 y 86 años. La media de edad fue 45 años y mediana de 47 años, la causa de lesión más frecuente fue a causa de flama con 9 casos (64 %). El promedio de estancia hospitalaria postoperatoria fue de 9 días, con un límite inferior de 6 y superior de 13. En ningún paciente se observó signos de infección o rechazo inmunológico y en todos se observó re-epitelización de las lesiones. En la escala de valoración numérica del dolor (del 1 al 10), se confirmó que todos los pacientes referían menos dolor y posteriormente al día 7 desapareció en todos. Discusión: el uso de membrana amniótica humana en pacientes quemados evita la pérdida de líquidos, electrolitos y proteínas en las áreas cruentas, a modo de barrera artificial ayuda a prevenir las infecciones especialmente, como una membrana basal sustituta, sin desmerecer la importancia del efecto analgésico sobre las lesiones.

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Sharma, TR, and BR Neupane. "Gender discrimination in Nepalese society and its consequences in HlV/AlDS/STIs transmission." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 55, no. 2 (August 2003): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00343-x.

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BOROŃ-KACZMARSKA, ANNA. "DIAGNOSTICS OF VIRAL INFECTIONS WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO HBV, HCV AND HIV." Forum Zakażeń 5, no. 4 (October 19, 2014): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15374/fz2014047.

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Zaman, MA, HB Asad, MN Roy, N. Hoque, M. Nasiruddin, MBK Choudhury, L. Siddique, and MAM Taluder. "Evaluation of Serum Levels of Hepatic Enzymes and Plasma Proteins between Different Types of Acute Viral Hepatitis." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Biochemistry 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2013): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v3i1.13803.

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This cross-sectional study was carried out in 80 serologically diagnosed cases of acute viral hepatitis to assess and compare the serum hepatic enzymes & plasma proteins between four different types (A,B,C,E), 20 in each group. Hepatitis E, hepatitis B and hepatitis C were more prevalent in males than that in females. The study showed that geometric mean of S.AST of all the four types differed significantly (F= 274.94, p<0.001). Geometric mean of S.ALT, S.AST and S.ALP in cases of HCV were significantly lower than others (p<0.001). Geometric mean of S.ALT & S.AST in cases of HEV were significantly increased than others (p<0.001). But the geometric mean of S.ALP of HBV was significantly higher than others (p<0.001). On the other hand though S.ALP of HAV and HEV was lower than HBV but significantly higher than HCV (p<0.001). The mean±SD of serum albumin of HCV was decreased significantly in contrast to those of HAV and HBV (p<0.001). A:G ratio of HCV was also significantly lower than other three (p<0.001). It was revealed through the study that hepatic enzymes were most affected in cases of HEV but least affected in cases of HCV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v3i1.13803 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2010; 3(1): 19-22

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Akiri, Saphan, and Stephen Ojwach. "Synthesis of MCM-41 Immobilized (Phenoxy)Imine Palladium(II) Complexes as Recyclable Catalysts in the Methoxycarbonylation of 1-Hexene." Catalysts 9, no. 2 (February 2, 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9020143.

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The immobilization of 2-phenyl-2-((3(tryethoxysicyl)propyl)imino)ethanol (HL1) and 4-methyl-2-(((3(triethoxysilyl)propyl)imino)methyl)phenol (HL2) on MCM-41 afforded the respective ligands HL1-MCM-41 (HL3) and HL2-MCM-41 (HL4). The treatment of complexes Pd(L1)2 and Pd(L2)2 with MCM-41 afforded the immobilized complexes (Pd(L1)2)-MCM-41 (1) and (Pd(L2)2)-MCM-41 (2) respectively. Separately, the reactions of HL3 and HL4 with Pd(NCMe)2Cl2 produced the immobilized complexes Pd(HL3)Cl2 (3) and Pd(HL4)Cl2 (4) respectively. The immobilized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). All the complexes (1–4) formed active catalysts in the methoxycarbonylation of 1-hexene to give linear and branched esters. The catalysts were recycled four times without the loss of catalytic activity. Hot filtration experiments established the absence of leaching, and the heterogeneous nature of the active species was derived from mercury drop experiments.

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Mannucci, P. M. "Moderne Therapieformen zur Behandlung von Hämophilie." Hämostaseologie 14, no. 02 (April 1994): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660345.

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ZusammenfassungIn den vergangenen Jahren konnten bedeutende Fortschritte im Bereich der Behandlung von Hämophilie verzeichnet werden, die zweifelsohne als eine Reaktion der Wissenschaft auf den Alptraum der AIDS-Epidemie gesehen werden können. Gerinnungsfaktorkonzentrate werden immer sicherer, und somit wird gleichzeitig das Übertragungsrisiko von hämatogenen Infektionen immer geringer. Das Risiko einer HIV-lnfektion kann, wenn man menschliches Versagen ausschließt, als unbedeutend betrachtet werden. Ein geringes Restrisiko einer Übertragung von Hepatitisviren besteht noch, diesem sollte jedoch mit verbesserten Methoden zur Virusinaktivierung begegnet werden. Auch die Reinheit plasmatischer Konzentrate wird ständig erhöht. Einige Untersuchungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß ultrareine, monoklonal gereinigte Plasmaprodukte bei HlV-seropositiven Blutern zu einer Stabilisierung der CD4-Lymphozytenzahl führen. Faktor VIII, der mittels rekombinanter Gentechnologie hergestellt wurde, ist in einigen Ländern bereits lizensiert. Auf diesem Weg gewonnener Faktor VIII ist von hoher Wirksamkeit und -so bleibt zu hoffen - frei von jeglichem Risiko einer Virenübertragung. Über die Frage, ob diese Produkte das Risiko einer Hemmkörperbildung erhöhen, wird immer noch diskutiert. Abschließend wäre zu bemerken, daß die gegenwärtig explosionsartig fortschreitende Entwicklung der Molekularbiologie auf eine erfolgreiche Entwicklung einer Gentherapie zur Behandlung von Hämophilie noch in diesem Jahrzehnt hoffen läßt.

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Berntorp, E. "Die Auswirkungen einer Substitutionstherapie auf das Immunsystem von Blutern." Hämostaseologie 14, no. 02 (April 1994): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660347.

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ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren wurde der Wirkung einer regelmäßigen Anwendung von Gerinnungsfaktorkonzentraten auf das Immunsystem von Blutern wachsende Bedeutung beigemessen, insbesondere in Hinsicht auf die Infektion mit dem HI-Virus. Eine große Anzahl durchgeführter Studien hat gezeigt, daß Faktorkonzentrate bei In-vivo-Untersuchungen Anomalien in der Funktion immunkompetenter Zellen hervorrufen können. Einige dieser Studien kamen zu dem Ergebnis, daß eine eindeutige Korrelation zwischen der Reinheit der Konzentrate und der hemmenden Wirkung auf die Immunfunktion besteht. Die Resultate der In-vitro-Untersuchungen sind kontroverser, da diese Studien auch sehr viel schwieriger durchzuführen sind. Bei einer in Schweden durchgeführten Studie, bei der HlV-seronegative Hämophiliepatienten, die langfristig einer hochdosierten prophylaktischen Behandlung unterzogen wurden, untersucht wurden, konnte keine Immunmodulation während einer Substitutionstherapie unter Anwendung von Produkten geringer Reinheit, intermediärer Reinheit oder ultrareinen Produkten festgestellt werden. Einige sehr umfangreiche Studien haben gezeigt, daß Bluter nicht schneller als andere Risikogruppen an AIDS erkranken, trotz der Tatsache, daß Hämophiliepatienten ständig großen Mengen von heterogenen Eiweißen ausgesetzt sind, die in Gerinnungsfaktorkonzentraten enthalten sind. Abschließend kann gesagt werden, daß gegenwärtig in Hinsicht auf das Fortschreiten der HIV Infektion kein klinischer Nachweis vorliegt, der für einen Vorteil von ultrareinen Konzentraten gegenüber Konzentraten von intermediärer Reinheit spricht.

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Olah, Laszlo, Stefan Wecker, and Mathias Hoehn. "Relation of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Changes and Metabolic Disturbances after 1 Hour of Focal Cerebral Ischemia and at Different Reperfusion Phases in Rats." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 21, no. 4 (April 2001): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200104000-00012.

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Changes in apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were compared with alterations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration and pH in different phases of transient focal cerebral ischemia to study the ADC threshold for breakdown of energy metabolism and tissue acidosis during ischemia and reperfusion. Male Wistar rats underwent 1 hour of middle cerebral artery occlusion without recirculation (n = 3) or with 1 hour (n = 4) or 10 hours of reperfusion (n = 5) inside the magnet, using a remotely controlled thread occlusion model. ADC maps were calculated from diffusion-weighted images and normalized to the preischemic value to obtain relative ADC maps. Hemispheric lesion volume (HLV) was determined on the last relative ADC maps at different relative ADC thresholds and was compared to the HLV measured by ATP depletion and by tissue acidosis. The HLVs, defined by ATP depletion and tissue acidosis, were 26.0% ± 10.6% and 38.1% ± 6.5% at the end of ischemia, 3.3% ± 2.4% and 4.8% ± 3.5% after 1 hour of reperfusion, and 11.2% ± 4.7% and 10.9% ± 5.2% after 10 hours of recirculation, respectively. The relative ADC thresholds for energy failure were consistently approximately 77% of the control value in the three different groups. The threshold for tissue acidosis was higher at the end of ischemia (86% of control) but was similar to the results obtained for ATP depletion after 1 hour (78% of control) and 10 hours (76% of control) of recirculation. These results indicate that the described relative ADC threshold of approximately 77% of control provides a good estimate for the breakdown of energy metabolism not only during middle cerebral artery occlusion but also at the early phase of reperfusion, when recovery of energy metabolism is expected to occur, or some hours later, when development of secondary energy failure was described.

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Mehta, Dhaval, J. H. Vachhani J.H.Vachhani, and N. J. Desai N..J.Desai. "Seroprevalence of Hiv, Hbv, Hcv and Syphilis in Blood Donors." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 2, no. 2 (January 15, 2012): 240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/feb2013/85.

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Kanagavalli, Chinnaraj, Murugesan Sankarganesh, Raja Dhaveethu, and Manivannan Kalanithi. "Spectral, NLO and antimicrobial studies of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of Schiff base ligands of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 84, no. 3 (2019): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc180521101k.

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Novel series of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) transition metal complexes were synthesized from the Schiff base ligands HL1?HL4 derived from 2-amino-6- nitrobenzothiazole with various aromatic aldehydes, i.e., 4-methylbenzaldehyde, 4- ethylbenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, respectively. The ligands HL1?HL4 and their metal (II) complexes were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), magnetic susceptibility and molar conductance measurements, and UV?Vis, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The spectroscopic studies revealed that the complexes of HL1?HL3 coordinated in an octahedral environment and L4 in square planar/tetrahedral geometry. The ligands HL1?HL4 and their metal(II) complexes were screened for their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The results suggest that the complexes of HL4 possess greater inhibition activity towards C. albicans. The nonlinear optics (NLO) activities of ligands HL1?HL4 were determined. The obtained results showed that ligands HL1 and HL2 have greater second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency than HL3and HL4.

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Brackmann, SA, A. Gerritzen, J. Oldenburg, HH Brackmann, and KE Schneweis. "Search for intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in hemophilia patients." Blood 81, no. 4 (February 15, 1993): 1077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.4.1077.1077.

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Abstract This study was performed to determine the risk of family members of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive hemophilia patients (index patients) for infection with HCV compared with the risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. All index patients (n = 141) were found to be positive by first and second generation anti-HCV enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). Among their household contacts (n = 228), 224 were negative and 1 positive by both assays. Three contacts gave positive results in first generation anti-HCV EIA and negative results in second generation assay. This latter result was confirmed by further tests (neutralization test, synthetic peptides, and supplemental assay). Percent positivity for anti-HBc was about the same in non-sexual household contacts and sexual partners (13 of 109 [12%] and 7 of 54 [13%], respectively). Percent prevalence of anti-HBc was higher in contacts of index patients with chronic hepatitis B than in those of index patients who had recovered from that disease (6 of 20 [30%] and 14 of 133 [10%], respectively; P < .05). The HBV infection rate of contacts participating in controlled self-treatment was not higher than that of controls (3 of 57 [5%] and 10 of 98 [10%], respectively). Of 44 sexual partners, 5 (11%) were found to be positive for anti-HIV. Prevalence of anti-HAV matched with the age-related distribution in the German population. These findings suggest that intrafamilial transmission of HCV to family members of hemophilia patients is uncommon. In contacts of hemophilia patients, the risk of acquiring HBV infection seems to be as high in household contacts as in sexual contacts. Participation in controlled self-treatment does not appear to be an additional risk for HCV and HBV infection. There is no doubt that sexual transmission of HCV is less common than that of HBV and HIV.

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Brackmann, SA, A. Gerritzen, J. Oldenburg, HH Brackmann, and KE Schneweis. "Search for intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in hemophilia patients." Blood 81, no. 4 (February 15, 1993): 1077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.4.1077.bloodjournal8141077.

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This study was performed to determine the risk of family members of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive hemophilia patients (index patients) for infection with HCV compared with the risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. All index patients (n = 141) were found to be positive by first and second generation anti-HCV enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). Among their household contacts (n = 228), 224 were negative and 1 positive by both assays. Three contacts gave positive results in first generation anti-HCV EIA and negative results in second generation assay. This latter result was confirmed by further tests (neutralization test, synthetic peptides, and supplemental assay). Percent positivity for anti-HBc was about the same in non-sexual household contacts and sexual partners (13 of 109 [12%] and 7 of 54 [13%], respectively). Percent prevalence of anti-HBc was higher in contacts of index patients with chronic hepatitis B than in those of index patients who had recovered from that disease (6 of 20 [30%] and 14 of 133 [10%], respectively; P < .05). The HBV infection rate of contacts participating in controlled self-treatment was not higher than that of controls (3 of 57 [5%] and 10 of 98 [10%], respectively). Of 44 sexual partners, 5 (11%) were found to be positive for anti-HIV. Prevalence of anti-HAV matched with the age-related distribution in the German population. These findings suggest that intrafamilial transmission of HCV to family members of hemophilia patients is uncommon. In contacts of hemophilia patients, the risk of acquiring HBV infection seems to be as high in household contacts as in sexual contacts. Participation in controlled self-treatment does not appear to be an additional risk for HCV and HBV infection. There is no doubt that sexual transmission of HCV is less common than that of HBV and HIV.

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Rashti, Roya, Heidar Sharafi, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Yousef Moradi, Amjad Mohamadi Bolbanabad, and Ghobad Moradi. "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Global Prevalence of HBsAg and HIV and HCV Antibodies among People Who Inject Drugs and Female Sex Workers." Pathogens 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2020): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060432.

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The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and their co-infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) and female sex workers (FSWs). Data sources were searched from January 2008 to October 2018 in different databases. Data were analyzed in Stata 16 software using the Metaprop command. The results showed that the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV among PWID was 15%, 60% and 6%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV among FSWs was 5%, 1% and 3%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV/HCV, HIV/HBV, HCV/HBV and HIV/HCV/HBV co-infections among PWID was 13%, 2%, 3% and 2%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV co-infections among FSWs was 3% and 1%, respectively. The results show that the prevalence of HCV and HIV infections in PWID and the prevalence of HIV in FSWs is higher than their prevalence in the general population. Interventions for the prevention of HIV and HCV in PWID appear to be poor, and may not be sufficient to effectively prevent HIV and HCV transmission.

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Ranin, J., D. Salemovic, B. Brmbolic, J. Marinkovic, I. Boricic, Pavlovic I. Pesic, S. Zerjav, M. Stanojevic, and D. Jevtovic. "Comparison of Demographic, Epidemiological, Immunological, and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with HIV Mono-infection Versus Patients Co-infected with HCV or/and HBV: A Serbian Cohort Study." Current HIV Research 16, no. 3 (October 16, 2018): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x16666180717115614.

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Objective:The study aimed to correlate the status of hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with clinical and demographic data prior to starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and assess the impact of HCV and HBV co-infection on the natural history of HIV infection.Patients and Methods:The study involved a total of 836 treatment-naive patients with available serological status for HBV and HCV at the point of therapy initiation. Patients were stratified into four groups: HIV mono-infection, HIV/HCV, HIV/HBV, and HIV/HCV/HBV co-infection. Demographic, epidemiological, immunological and clinical characteristics were analyzed in order to assess the possible impact of HCV and HBV co-infection on HIV - related immunodeficiency and progression to AIDS.Results:The prevalence of HCV and HBV co-infection in our cohort was 25.7% and 6.3%, respectively. Triple HIV/HCV/HBV infection was recorded in 1.7% of the patients. In comparison with those co-infected with HCV, patients with HIV mono-infection had lower levels of serum liver enzymes activity and higher CD4 cell counts, and were less likely to have CD4 cell counts below100 cells/µL and clinical AIDS, with OR 0.556 and 0.561, respectively. No difference in the development of advanced immunodeficiency and/or AIDS was recorded between patients with HIV monoinfection and those co-infected with HBV, or both HCV/HBV.Conclusion:HIV/HCV co-infection was found to be more prevalent than HIV/HBV co-infection in a Serbian cohort. Co-infection with HCV was related to more profound immunodeficiency prior to therapy initiation, reflecting a possible unfavorable impact of HCV on the natural history of HIV infection.

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Denamur, E., M. Levinet, F. Simon, P. Rohrlicht, H. Cave, C. Rahimyt, A. de Crepyt, et al. "Conversion of HIV-1 viral markers during the first few months of life in HlV-infected children born to seropositive mothers." AIDS 7, no. 6 (June 1993): 897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199306000-00026.

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Journal articles on the topic 'HLV'

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