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Journal articles on the topic 'HlyA'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Robertson, Kirstin P., C. Jeffrey Smith, Andrea M. Gough, and Edson R. Rocha. "Characterization of Bacteroides fragilis Hemolysins and Regulation and Synergistic Interactions of HlyA and HlyB." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 4 (2006): 2304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.74.4.2304-2316.2006.

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ABSTRACT This study describes the presence of 10 hemolysin orthologs in the genome of the opportunistic human anaerobic pathogen Bacteroides fragilis, which is currently classified as a nonhemolytic bacterium. The hemolysins were designated HlyA through HlyI plus HlyIII. All cloned hemolysin genes were able to confer hemolytic activity to a nonhemolytic Escherichia coli strain on blood agar plates. Interestingly, HlyH was found to be present in the genome of the B. fragilis NCTC9343 strain but absent in strains 638R, YCH46, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482. The hemolysins HlyA, HlyB,

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2

Sugamata, Yasuhiro, and Toshikazu Shiba. "Improved Secretory Production of Recombinant Proteins by Random Mutagenesis of hlyB, an Alpha-Hemolysin Transporter from Escherichia coli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 2 (2005): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.2.656-662.2005.

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ABSTRACT Fusion proteins with an alpha-hemolysin (HlyA) C-terminal signal sequence are known to be secreted by the HlyB-HlyD-TolC translocator in Escherichia coli. We aimed to establish an efficient Hly secretory expression system by random mutagenesis of hlyB and hlyD. The fusion protein of subtilisin E and the HlyA signal sequence (HlyA218) was used as a marker protein for evaluating secretion efficiency. Through screening of more than 1.5 × 104 E. coli JM109 transformants, whose hlyB and hlyD genes had been mutagenized by error-prone PCR, we succeeded in isolating two mutants that had 27- a

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3

Pimenta, A. L., K. Racher, L. Jamieson, M. A. Blight, and I. B. Holland. "Mutations in HlyD, Part of the Type 1 Translocator for Hemolysin Secretion, Affect the Folding of the Secreted Toxin." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 21 (2005): 7471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.21.7471-7480.2005.

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ABSTRACT HlyD, a member of the membrane fusion protein family, is essential for the secretion of the RTX hemolytic toxin HlyA from Escherichia coli. Random point mutations affecting HlyA secretion were obtained, distributed in most periplasmic regions of the HlyD molecule. Analysis of the secretion phenotypes of different mutants allowed the identification of regions in HlyD involved in different steps of HlyA translocation. Four mutants, V349-I, T85-I, V334-I and L165-Q, were conditionally defective, a phenotype shown to be linked to the presence of inhibitory concentrations of Ca2+ in extrac

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4

Stanley, Peter, Vassilis Koronakis, and Colin Hughes. "Acylation of Escherichia coli Hemolysin: A Unique Protein Lipidation Mechanism Underlying Toxin Function." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 62, no. 2 (1998): 309–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.62.2.309-333.1998.

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SUMMARY The pore-forming hemolysin (HlyA) of Escherichia coli represents a unique class of bacterial toxins that require a posttranslational modification for activity. The inactive protoxin pro-HlyA is activated intracellularly by amide linkage of fatty acids to two internal lysine residues 126 amino acids apart, directed by the cosynthesized HlyC protein with acyl carrier protein as the fatty acid donor. This action distinguishes HlyC from all bacterial acyltransferases such as the lipid A, lux-specific, and nodulation acyltransferases, and from eukaryotic transferases such as N-myristoyl tra

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5

Reimann, Sven, Gereon Poschmann, Kerstin Kanonenberg, Kai Stühler, Sander H. J. Smits, and Lutz Schmitt. "Interdomain regulation of the ATPase activity of the ABC transporter haemolysin B from Escherichia coli." Biochemical Journal 473, no. 16 (2016): 2471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160154.

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Type 1 secretion systems (T1SS) transport a wide range of substrates across both membranes of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an outer membrane protein, a membrane fusion protein and an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter. The ABC transporter HlyB (haemolysin B) is part of a T1SS catalysing the export of the toxin HlyA in E. coli. HlyB consists of the canonical transmembrane and nucleotide-binding domains. Additionally, HlyB contains an N-terminal CLD (C39-peptidase-like domain) that interacts with the transport substrate, but its functional relevance is still not precisely defin

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6

Zaitseva, J., S. Jenewein, C. Oswald, T. Jumpertz, I. B. Holland, and L. Schmitt. "A molecular understanding of the catalytic cycle of the nucleotide-binding domain of the ABC transporter HlyB." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 5 (2005): 990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0330990.

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The ABC transporter (ATP-binding-cassette transporter) HlyB (haemolysin B) is the central element of a type I secretion machinery, dedicated to the secretion of the toxin HlyA in Escherichia coli. In addition to the ABC transporter, two other indispensable elements are necessary for the secretion of the toxin across two membranes in a single step: the transenvelope protein HlyD and the outer membrane protein TolC. Despite the fact that the hydrolysis of ATP by HlyB fuels secretion of HlyA, the essential features of the underlying transport mechanism remain an enigma. Similar to all other ABC t

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7

Lee, Woojung, Soohyun Sung, Jina Ha, et al. "Molecular and Genomic Analysis of the Virulence Factors and Potential Transmission of Hybrid Enteropathogenic and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (EPEC/ETEC) Strains Isolated in South Korea." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16 (2023): 12729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612729.

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Hybrid strains Escherichia coli acquires genetic characteristics from multiple pathotypes and is speculated to be more virulent; however, understanding their pathogenicity is elusive. Here, we performed genome-based characterization of the hybrid of enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), the strains that cause diarrhea and mortality in children. The virulence genes in the strains isolated from different sources in the South Korea were identified, and their phylogenetic positions were analyzed. The EPEC/ETEC hybrid strains harbored eae and est encoding E. coli attaching and

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8

Masin, Jiri, Adriana Osickova, David Jurnecka, et al. "Retargeting from the CR3 to the LFA-1 receptor uncovers the adenylyl cyclase enzyme–translocating segment of Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 28 (2020): 9349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.013630.

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The Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA) and the α-hemolysin (HlyA) of Escherichia coli belong to the family of cytolytic pore-forming Repeats in ToXin (RTX) cytotoxins. HlyA preferentially binds the αLβ2 integrin LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) of leukocytes and can promiscuously bind and also permeabilize many other cells. CyaA bears an N-terminal adenylyl cyclase (AC) domain linked to a pore-forming RTX cytolysin (Hly) moiety, binds the complement receptor 3 (CR3, αMβ2, CD11b/CD18, or Mac-1) of myeloid phagocytes, penetrates their plasma membrane, and delivers the AC enzyme into the cytos

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9

Wang, Changying, Qianqian Li, Junqiang Lv, et al. "Alpha-hemolysin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli induces GM-CSF-mediated acute kidney injury." Mucosal Immunology 13, no. 1 (2019): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41385-019-0225-6.

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Abstract Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the leading cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), inducing acute pyelonephritis and may result in permanent renal scarring and failure. Alpha-hemolysin (HlyA), a key UPEC toxin, causes serious tissue damage; however, the mechanism through which HlyA induces kidney injury remains unclear. In the present study, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secreted by renal epithelial cells was upregulated by HlyA in vitro and in vivo, which induced M1 macrophage accumulation in kidney, and ADAM10 was found involved in HlyA-induce

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10

Jumpertz, Thorsten, Christian Chervaux, Kathleen Racher, et al. "Mutations affecting the extreme C terminus of Escherichia coli haemolysin A reduce haemolytic activity by altering the folding of the toxin." Microbiology 156, no. 8 (2010): 2495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.038562-0.

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Escherichia coli haemolysin A (HlyA), an RTX toxin, is secreted probably as an unfolded intermediate, by the type I (ABC transporter-dependent) pathway, utilizing a C-terminal secretion signal. However, the mechanism of translocation and post-translocation folding is not understood. We identified a mutation (hlyA99) at the extreme C terminus, which is dominant in competition experiments, blocking secretion of the wild-type toxin co-expressed in the same cell. This suggests that unlike recessive mutations which affect recognition of the translocation machinery, the hlyA99 mutation interferes wi

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11

Saffioti, Nicolas A., Natalia Lauri, Lucia Cané та ін. "Interactive Dynamics of Cell Volume and Cell Death in Human Erythrocytes Exposed to α-Hemolysin from Escherichia coli". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, № 2 (2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020872.

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α-hemolysin (HlyA) of E. coli binds irreversibly to human erythrocytes and induces cell swelling, ultimately leading to hemolysis. We characterized the mechanism involved in water transport induced by HlyA and analyzed how swelling and hemolysis might be coupled. Osmotic water permeability (Pf) was assessed by stopped-flow light scattering. Preincubation with HlyA strongly reduced Pf in control- and aquaporin 1-null red blood cells, although the relative Pf decrease was similar in both cell types. The dynamics of cell volume and hemolysis on RBCs was assessed by electrical impedance, light dis

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12

Hasanli, Laman, Hatice Turk Dagi, and Ugur Arslan. "Investigation of Antibiotic Susceptibility and Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Blood and Urine Samples." Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 17, no. 02 (2022): 098–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1741525.

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Abstract Objective Extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolates are the most common gram-negative pathogens in humans and cause urinary tract infections, sepsis, neonatal meningitis, and others. The aim of this study was to investigate the rates of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors (kpsM II, neuc K1, hlyF, fyuA, afa/draBC, sat, chuA, fimH, tsh, yfcv, ibeA, traT, iucD, usp, iutA, cnf1, hlyA, papC, sfa/focDE, and ompT) of E. coli strains isolated from blood and urine samples. Methods A total of 150 E. coli strains isolated from blood and urine samples sent to the Microbiology Laboratory,

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13

Wiles, Travis J., Bijaya K. Dhakal, Danelle S. Eto, and Matthew A. Mulvey. "Inactivation of Host Akt/Protein Kinase B Signaling by Bacterial Pore-forming Toxins." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 4 (2008): 1427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-07-0638.

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Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), and they have the capacity to induce the death and exfoliation of target uroepithelial cells. This process can be facilitated by the pore-forming toxin α-hemolysin (HlyA), which is expressed and secreted by many UPEC isolates. Here, we demonstrate that HlyA can potently inhibit activation of Akt (protein kinase B), a key regulator of host cell survival, inflammatory responses, proliferation, and metabolism. HlyA ablates Akt activation via an extracellular calcium-dependent, potassium-independent proce

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14

Johnson, James R., Hank A. Lockman, Krista Owens, Srdjan Jelacic, and Phillip I. Tarr. "High-Frequency Secondary Mutations after Suicide-Driven Allelic Exchange Mutagenesis in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 17 (2003): 5301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.17.5301-5305.2003.

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ABSTRACT Frequent unintended secondary mutations occurred in extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains CP9, CFT073, and RS218 during suicide plasmid-mediated, putatively specific deletions of hlyA, papG allele III, and iha. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR analyses demonstrated genomic alterations and/or unintended loss of defined virulence genes (papG, the F7-2 papA allele, iutA, sat, hlyD, and cnf). Caution is warranted when attributing the observed phenotypic changes to the intended mutation.

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15

Strack, Karen, Natalia Lauri, Sabina María Maté, et al. "Induction of erythrocyte microvesicles by Escherichia Coli Alpha hemolysin." Biochemical Journal 476, no. 22 (2019): 3455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20190546.

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Alpha hemolysin (HlyA) is the major virulence factor of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains. Once in circulation, a low concentration of the toxin induces an increase in intracellular calcium that activates calpains — which proteolyse cytoskeleton proteins — and also favours the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer leaflet of erythrocyte membranes. All these events are considered part of eryptosis, as well as the delivery of microvesicles (MVs). Within this context, we studied the delivery of MVs by erythrocytes treated with sublytic concentrations of HlyA and demonstrate

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16

Schulz, Emanuel, Michael Schumann, Martina Schneemann, et al. "Escherichia coli Alpha-Hemolysin HlyA Induces Host Cell Polarity Changes, Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Cell Detachment in Human Colon Carcinoma Caco-2 Cell Model via PTEN-Dependent Dysregulation of Cell Junctions." Toxins 13, no. 8 (2021): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080520.

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Escherichia coli (E. coli) of the B2 phylotype reside in human and animal intestines. The bacteria possess pathogenicity factors such as α-hemolysin (HlyA) that can induce intestinal epithelial leaks. We addressed the questions which host cell processes were dysregulated by E. coli HlyA that can potentiate intestinal diseases. The colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 was infected by HlyA+ E. coli. Cell polarity regulation was analyzed by live cell imaging for the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) abundance. In Caco-2 monolayers, transepithelial electrical resistance was measured for cha

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17

Skyberg, Jerod A., Catherine A. Chambers, Alexis S. Dadelahi, Charles R. Moley, Rachel M. Olson, and Catherine M. Logue. "Nucleotide Receptors Mediate Protection Against Neonatal Sepsis and Meningitis Caused by Alpha-Hemolysin Expressing Escherichia coli K1." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (2022): 51.02. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.51.02.

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Abstract Neonatal meningitis-associated Escherichia coli (NMEC) are among the leading causes of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in newborn infants. Several virulence factors have been identified as common among NMEC, and have been shown to play an important role in the development of bacteremia and/or meningitis. However, there is significant variability in virulence factor expression between NMEC isolates, and relatively little research has been done to assess the impact of variable virulence factor expression on immune cell activation and the outcome of infection. Here we investigated the ro

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Dutta, Somnath, Budhaditya Mazumdar, Kalyan K. Banerjee, and Amar N. Ghosh. "Three-Dimensional Structure of Different Functional Forms of the Vibrio cholerae Hemolysin Oligomer: a Cryo-Electron Microscopic Study." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 1 (2009): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00930-09.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae hemolysin (HlyA) is a 65-kDa water-soluble pore-forming toxin that causes lysis of eukaryotic cells by destroying selective permeability of the plasma membrane bilayer. The HlyA monomer self-assembles on the target cell surface to the more stable β-barrel amphipathic heptamer, which inserts into the membrane bilayer to form a diffusion channel. Deletion of the 15-kDa β-prism lectin domain at the C terminus generates a 50-kDa hemolysin variant (HlyA50) with an ∼1,000-fold decrease in hemolytic activity. Because functional differences are eventually dictated by structura

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19

Esonu, M. C. "Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Donkeys Slaughtered in Abattoirs in Kaduna State, Nigeria." Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences 4, no. 1 (2022): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0130.

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Escherichia coli is a natural inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract of both humans and animals. There are several strains of which some are harmless while some are pathogenic causing various fatal conditions in both humans and animals. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the occurrence of E. coli and detection of virulent genes of E. coli isolated from liver, spleen and small intestine of donkeys slaughtered in Maraban Idah, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 384 samples were collected from 128 donkeys from April to August 2018 based on owners’ consent. The samples were analyz

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Bertelloni, Fabrizio, Giulia Cagnoli, Fabrizio Biagini, Alessandro Poli, Carlo Bibbiani, and Valentina Virginia Ebani. "Virulence Genes of Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Wild Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes)." Animals 12, no. 15 (2022): 1959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151959.

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Different pathotypes of Escherichia coli can cause severe diseases in animals and humans. Wildlife may contribute to the circulation of pathogenic pathotypes, including enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). This study analyzed 109 DNA samples previously extracted from fecal specimens collected from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to detect E. coli virulence genes eaeA, hlyA, stx1, and stx2, that characterize the EPEC, STEC, and EHEC strains. Thirty-one (28.4%) samples were positive for at least one investigated virulence gene: ea

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Grimminger, F., H. Wahn, H. J. Kramer, et al. "Differential influence of arachidonic vs. eicosapentaenoic acid on experimental pulmonary hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 268, no. 6 (1995): H2252—H2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.268.6.h2252.

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The impact of the 2- and 3-series prostanoid precursors arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on experimental pulmonary hypertension was investigated. The model of buffer-perfused rabbit lungs was stimulated by infusion of Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA), which is known to provoke sustained thromboxane (Tx)-mediated pulmonary hypertension. Release of di- and trienoic Tx into the recirculating perfusate was quantified by a post-high-performance liquid chromatography enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. HlyA at 0.08 hemolytic unit/ml caused a sustained rise in pulmonary

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Grimminger, F., F. Rose, U. Sibelius, et al. "Human endothelial cell activation and mediator release in response to the bacterial exotoxins Escherichia coli hemolysin and staphylococcal alpha-toxin." Journal of Immunology 159, no. 4 (1997): 1909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.159.4.1909.

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Abstract Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA) and Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin are membrane-perturbating bacterial exotoxins that have been implicated as significant virulence factors in human diseases. We investigated the capacity of these toxins to cause cell activation and mediator release in human endothelial cells, compared with the efficacies of thrombin and the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Concentration ranges tested were 1 to 1000 ng/ml (HlyA), 0.01 to 10 micro/ml (alpha-toxin), 0.01 to 10 U/ml (thrombin), and 0.01 to 10 microM (A23187). All stimuli caused dose-dependent generation of plat

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Krüll, M., C. Dold, S. Hippenstiel, S. Rosseau, J. Lohmeyer, and N. Suttorp. "Escherichia coli hemolysin and Staphylococcus aureas alpha-toxin potently induce neutrophil adhesion to cultured human endothelial cells." Journal of Immunology 157, no. 9 (1996): 4133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.157.9.4133.

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Abstract Adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to endothelial cells is an essential step in inflammatory reactions. We characterized the effects of two important bacterial exotoxins, Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA) and Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin (S. alpha-toxin) on PMN adhesion to cultured HUVEC. Both toxins increased adherence of human PMN to HUVEC in a dose- and time-dependent manner, peaking after 30 min at 0.01 hemolytic units/ml HlyA or 0.5 microg/ml S. alpha-toxin. Pretreatment of HUVEC with anti-P-selectin mAbs or of PMN with anti-CD11b/CD18 mAb reduced HlyA- and S. al

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Ha, Thi Quyen. "Analysis of gene encoding haemolysin A of Vibrio cholerae isolated in Vietnam." Journal of Vietnamese Environment 9, no. 4 (2018): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol9.no4.pp202-206.

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Vibrio cholerae is the cholera causing agent, divided into two biotypes, including the classical biotype and ElTor biotype. Both of these biotypes caused cholera epidemics in the world. The classical biotype caused 6th cholera pandemic (from 1921 to 1961), and ElTor biotype caused 7th cholera pandemic (from 1961 to the 70s). Haemolysin A, a hemolytic protein of V. cholerae ElT or biotype, is encoded by the hlyA gene. This gene is often used for analyzing genetic relationship between strains in the same species or between species in the same Vibrio genus. Results of analyzing nucleotide and ami

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Huntley, James S., Venugopal Sathyamoorthy, Robert H. Hall, and Andrew C. Hall. "Membrane attack induced by HlyA, a pore-forming toxin of Vibrio cholerae." Human & Experimental Toxicology 16, no. 2 (1997): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719701600205.

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Determining the activity of purified toxins has generally provided the basis for establishing their role in the host- pathogen relationship. The bacterial genus Vibrio pro duces a number of exotoxins in addition to cholera toxin, including haemolysin A (HIyA; Vibrio cholerae) and thermostable direct haemolysin (TDH; Vibrio parahae molyticus) , both of which possess membrane-targeting cytolytic activity. The action of HlyA has been analyzed using protocols previously applied to TDH: lysis and flux experiments on human erythrocytes showed that HlyA similarly causes lysis after cell swelling (by

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Walmrath, D., H. A. Ghofrani, S. Rosseau, et al. "Endotoxin "priming" potentiates lung vascular abnormalities in response to Escherichia coli hemolysin: an example of synergism between endo- and exotoxin." Journal of Experimental Medicine 180, no. 4 (1994): 1437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.180.4.1437.

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The pore-forming hemolysin of Escherichia coli (HlyA), an important virulence factor in extraintestinal E. coli infections, causes thromboxane generation and related vasoconstriction in perfused rabbit lungs (Seeger, W., H. Walter, N. Suttorp, M. Muhly, and S. Bhakdi. 1989. J. Clin. Invest. 84:220). We investigated the influence of pulmonary vascular "priming" with endotoxin on the responsiveness of the lung to a low-dose HlyA challenge. Rabbit lungs were perfused with Krebs Henseleit buffer containing 0.1-100 ng/ml Salmonella abortus equii lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 60-180 min. This treatme

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Rose, F., L. Kiss, F. Grimminger, et al. "E. colihemolysin-induced lipid mediator metabolism in alveolar macrophages: impact of eicosapentaenoic acid." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 279, no. 1 (2000): L100—L109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2000.279.1.l100.

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Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA) is a prototype of a large family of pore-forming proteinaceous exotoxins that have been implicated in the pathogenetic sequelae of severe infection and sepsis, including development of acute lung injury. In the present study in rabbit alveolar macrophages (AMs), subcytolytic concentrations of purified HlyA evoked rapid synthesis of platelet-activating factor, with quantities approaching those in response to maximum calcium ionophore challenge. In parallel, large quantities of leukotriene (LT) B4and 5-, 8-, 9-, 12-, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) we

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Valadbeigi, Hassan, Elham Esmaeeli, Sobhan Ghafourian, Abbas Maleki, and Nourkhoda Sadeghifard. "Molecular Analysis of Uropathogenic E.coli Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections." Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 19, no. 3 (2019): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526518666181113091322.

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Introduction: The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of virulence genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates in Ilam. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, a total of 80 UPEC isolates were collected for patients with UTIs during a 6 months period. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) was used to detect the papEF, fimH, iucD, hlyA, fyuA, and ompT genes. Results: The prevalence of fimH, papEF, iucD, fyuA, hlyA, hlyA, and ompT genes were 87.5%, 47.5%, 60%, 67.5%, 27.5%, 47.5% and 71.2%, respectively. Among all of the isolates, 27 profiles

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Naskar, Manisha, Viraj P. Parekh, Mathew A. Abraham та ін. "α-Hemolysin promotes uropathogenic E. coli persistence in Bladder epithelial cells Via abrogating bacteria-harboring lysosome acidification". PLOS Pathogens 19, № 5 (2023): e1011388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011388.

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There is a growing consensus that a significant proportion of recurrent urinary tract infections are linked to the persistence of uropathogens within the urinary tract and their re-emergence upon the conclusion of antibiotic treatment. Studies in mice and human have revealed that uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) can persist in bladder epithelial cells (BECs) even after the apparent resolution of the infection. Here, we found that, following the entry of UPEC into RAB27b+ fusiform vesicles in BECs, some bacteria escaped into the cytoplasmic compartment via a mechanism involving hemolysin A

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Wang, Jui-Hsing, Guo-Cheng He, Yao-Ting Huang, and Po-Yu Liu. "Comparative Genomics Reveals Pathogenicity-Related Loci in Shewanella algae." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2020 (March 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9205197.

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Shewanella algae is an emerging marine zoonotic pathogen and accounts for considerable mortality and morbidity in compromised hosts. However, there is scarce literature related to the understanding of the genetic background of virulence determinants in S. algae. In this study, we aim to determine the occurrence of common virulence genes in S. algae using whole-genome sequence and comparative genomic analysis. Comparative genomics reveals putative-virulence genes related to bile resistance, chemotaxis, hemolysis, and motility. We detected the existence of hlyA, hlyD, and hlyIII involved in hemo

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Russo, Thomas A., Zhengdong Wang, Bruce A. Davidson, et al. "Surfactant dysfunction and lung injury due to theE. colivirulence factor hemolysin in a rat pneumonia model." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 292, no. 3 (2007): L632—L643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00326.2006.

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This study tests the hypothesis that the virulence factor hemolysin (Hly) expressed by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli contributes to surfactant dysfunction and lung injury in a rat model of gram-negative pneumonia. Rats were instilled intratracheally with CP9 (wild type, Hly-positive), CP9 hlyA (Hly-minus), CP9 /pEK50 (supraphysiological Hly), or purified LPS. At 6 h postinfection, rats given CP9 had a decreased percentage content of large surfactant aggregates in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), decreased large aggregate surface activity, decreased PaO2/FiO2ratio, increase

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Tsou, Amy M., and Jun Zhu. "Quorum Sensing Negatively Regulates Hemolysin Transcriptionally and Posttranslationally in Vibrio cholerae." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 1 (2009): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00590-09.

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ABSTRACT Recent work has shown that in addition to cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), other cytotoxic proteins in Vibrio cholerae also cause disease symptoms, and this is particularly evident in strains lacking CT. One such protein is the hemolysin encoded by hlyA. Here we show that, like CT and TCP, HlyA is repressed by the quorum-sensing-regulated transcription factor HapR. This repression occurs on two levels: one at the transcriptional level that is independent of the metalloprotease HapA and one at the posttranslational level that is mediated by HapA. The transcript

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Chen, Yunong, Jiajia Wang, Hongyan Cai, Mao Lin, Youyu Zhang, and Lixing Huang. "Enhanced Hemolytic Activity of Mesophilic Aeromonas salmonicida SRW-OG1 Is Brought about by Elevated Temperatures." Microorganisms 10, no. 10 (2022): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102033.

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Aeromonas salmonicida is a well-known cold-water pathogenic bacterium. Previously, we reported the first isolation of pathogenic A. salmonicida from diseased Epinephelus coioides, a kind of warm-water fish, and it was proved to be a putative mesophilic strain with potent pathogenicity to humans. In order to investigate the mechanisms underlying mesophilic growth ability and virulence, the transcriptome of A. salmonicida SRW-OG1 at 18, 28, and 37 °C was analyzed. The transcriptome of A. salmonicida SRW-OG1 at different temperatures showed a clear separation boundary, which might provide valuabl

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Alade, Tolulope Olukemi, Chindinma Daokoru Olukole, and Oluwasegun Matthew Abidogun. "Molecular Detection of PapC and hlyA Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli from Clinical Isolates in Bayelsa State, Nigeria." East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 04 (2023): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easms.2023.v06i04.004.

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Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative rod organism and the commonest urinary pathogen causing 60-90% of Urinary infections. Two virulence genes (Pap C and hlyA) had been reported to be involved in Escherichia coli pathogenicity and its resistance to antibiotics. The study aimed at detecting PapC and hlyA in E. coli isolated from clinical specimens in two main Tertiary hospitals (Federal Medical Centre and Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital) in Bayelsa State. One hundred and forty-five specimens were collected and analyzed using the standard Bacteriological technique. Antibiotics Susceptibili

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Osickova, Adriana, Humaira Khaliq, Jiri Masin, et al. "Acyltransferase-mediated selection of the length of the fatty acyl chain and of the acylation site governs activation of bacterial RTX toxins." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 28 (2020): 9268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.014122.

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In a wide range of organisms, from bacteria to humans, numerous proteins have to be posttranslationally acylated to become biologically active. Bacterial repeats in toxin (RTX) cytolysins form a prominent group of proteins that are synthesized as inactive protoxins and undergo posttranslational acylation on ε-amino groups of two internal conserved lysine residues by co-expressed toxin-activating acyltransferases. Here, we investigated how the chemical nature, position, and number of bound acyl chains govern the activities of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA), Escherichia coli

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Rao, M., V. Devi, C. Sreedevi, T. Rao, Ch Chowdary, and P. Annapurna. "Molecular Detection of Certain Virulence Genes of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in Chicken." International Journal of Livestock Research 12, no. 5 (2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20220601053400.

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In the present study, 86 avian pathogenic E. coli isolates from chicken were subjected to multiplex PCR to detect the presence of virulence genes stx1, stx2, eaeA, and hlyA. Forty-seven isolates harbored one or more virulence genes, stx1, stx2, and eaeA while gene hlyA was not detected in any of the samples. Of these, 15 (17.44%) isolates harbored stx1gene, 11 (12.79%) isolates carried stx2 gene, 18 (20.93%) isolates were positive for both stx1 and stx2 genes and 3 (3.49%) isolates carried eaeA gene.

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Bakas, Laura. "Occurrence of an essential amino acid residues in the lytic effect of escherichia coli a -haemolysin." Protein & Peptide Letters 7, no. 2 (2000): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986650702221206113546.

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Abstract: α-Hemolysin (HlyA), an extracellular protein toxin produced by some pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli , is known to disrupt eukaryotic cell membranes. In an attempt to correlate the structure of this toxin with its function, we studied the role of the histidine residues on the toxin activity by their chemical modification with the reagent diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC). The results of this study suggest the presence of an essential histidine residue at the Ca2+-binding motif and it.s role in the lytic action of E.coli HlyA.

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Rivas, Amable J., Miguel Balado, Manuel L. Lemos, and Carlos R. Osorio. "Synergistic and Additive Effects of Chromosomal and Plasmid-Encoded Hemolysins Contribute to Hemolysis and Virulence in Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 9 (2013): 3287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00155-13.

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ABSTRACTPhotobacterium damselaesubsp.damselaecauses infections and fatal disease in marine animals and in humans. Highly hemolytic strains produce damselysin (Dly) and plasmid-encoded HlyA (HlyApl). These hemolysins are encoded by plasmid pPHDD1 and contribute to hemolysis and virulence for fish and mice. In this study, we report that all the hemolytic strains produce a hitherto uncharacterized chromosome-encoded HlyA (HlyAch). Hemolysis was completely abolished in a singlehlyAchmutant of a plasmidless strain and in adly hlyAplhlyAchtriple mutant. We found that Dly, HlyApl, and HlyAchare neede

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Fagan, Peter K., Michael A. Hornitzky, Karl A. Bettelheim, and Steven P. Djordjevic. "Detection of Shiga-Like Toxin (stx1 andstx2), Intimin (eaeA), and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) Hemolysin (EHEC hlyA) Genes in Animal Feces by Multiplex PCR." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 2 (1999): 868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.2.868-872.1999.

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ABSTRACT A multiplex PCR was developed for the rapid detection of genes encoding Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (stx1 andstx2 ), intimin (eaeA), and enterohemolysin A (hlyA) in 444 fecal samples derived from healthy and clinically affected cattle, sheep, pigs, and goats. The method involved non-solvent-based extraction of nucleic acid from an aliquot of an overnight culture of feces in EC (modified) broth. The detection limit of the assay for both fecal samples and pure cultures was between 18 and 37 genome equivalents. stx1 and hlyA were the most commonly encountered virulence factors.

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Dulaimi, Tsahel, Ilham Bunyan та Thikra Banimuslem. "Genomic Analysis study of Virulence Potential α-hemolysin from Uropathogenic E.coli". Journal of Complementary Medicine Research 13, № 4 (2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jcmr.2022.13.04.28.

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Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) is the source of numerous toxins that cause nosocomial and community-acquired UTIs, including -hemolysin, a secreted lipoprotein that is a powerful and ubiquitous cytolysin that belongs to the (RTX) family. Between March 2021 to December 2021, 123urine samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infections who were admitted Al-Hilla General Teaching Hospital in Al-Hilla City, from both sexes (male and female). Out of (123), 56(45.5%) were positive culture for E. coli which identified by selective media, biochemical tests, Vitek 2 system and 16s RNA gene

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Nagamatsu, Kanna, Thomas J. Hannan, Randi L. Guest та ін. "Dysregulation ofEscherichia coliα-hemolysin expression alters the course of acute and persistent urinary tract infection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, № 8 (2015): E871—E880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500374112.

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections, causing considerable morbidity in females. Infection is highly recurrent despite appropriate antibiotic treatment. UropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC), the most common causative agent of UTIs, invades bladder epithelial cells (BECs) and develops into clonal intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs). Upon maturation, IBCs disperse, with bacteria spreading to neighboring BECs to repeat this cycle. This process allows UPEC to gain a foothold in the face of innate defense mechanisms, including micturition, epithelial

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Yousif, Maitham Ghaly, and Ataa Khalil Al-shamari. "PHYLOGENETIC CHARATERIZATION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES IN IRAQ." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 2 (2018): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.22633.

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Objective: The main goal of the current study was to isolate and detect the phylogenetic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolate from clinical and non-clinical specimens.Methods: L. monocytogenes was isolated from 353 samples including: (94) Vaginal swabs, (81) piece of placenta, (51) frozen chicken, (69) soft cheese, and (58) frozen red meat samples using the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection of virulence gene hlyA followed by DNA sequence analysis for this gene.Results: A total of 13 isolates of L.

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BARKOCY-GALLAGHER, GENEVIEVE A., TERRANCE M. ARTHUR, MILDRED RIVERA-BETANCOURT, et al. "Characterization of O157:H7 and Other Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from Cattle Hides, Feces, and Carcasses†." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 5 (2004): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.5.993.

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In a previous study, the seasonal prevalence was reported for stx+ Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feces and on hides and carcasses of cattle at processing. Overall, 1,697 O157:H7 isolates have now been characterized for the incidence of (i) eaeO157, hlyA, stx1, and stx2 in the recovered isolates and (ii) presumptive rough and presumptive nonmotile isolates. Seven O157:H7 isolates (0.4%) lacked stx genes, although they carried eae and hlyA. All but one of the isolates carried both eae and hlyA. Approximately two-thirds of the isolates (64% when one isolate per sample was considered) carried both s

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BABACAN, Orkun. "Antibiotic susceptibility and phylogenetic analyses for the origins and serotypes of Listeriamonocytogenes strains isolated from ice cream and cream cakes." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 44, no. 5 (2020): 1100–1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-2003-116.

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Listeria monocytogenes is a zoonotic bacterium which also infects humans. The aim of this study was to isolate this organism from cream cakes and ice cream and obtain 16S rRNA and hlyA gene sequences from isolates in order to perform phylogenetic analyses. Serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility were also determined. The cream cake and ice cream samples were examined for L. monocytogenes according to ISO 11290-1 and using the mini Vidas LMO 2 kit procedure. Antibiotic susceptibilities were investigated using the disc diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Suscept

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Hiba. H. H., K. K. Ghaima, and D. S. Qader. "ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES FROM SOME IRAQI MISCARRIAGE WOMEN." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 55, no. 1 (2024): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/cvh62311.

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This study was aimed to find out how common Listeria monocytogenes in a group of Iraqi women who had miscarriages. Also, investigates the dependability of molecular diagnosis, specifically evaluating the target hlyA gene as an alternate solution tool for identification. A total of 200 specimens comprising cervical swabs were collected from 176 women suffered from miscarriage and 24 women as control. The detection of L. monocytogenes in miscarriages women by using HiCrome™ Listeria Agar Base as both a selective and differential agar medium for quick and direct recognition of Listeria species. T

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Körkoca, Hanifi, Yusuf Alan, Sedat Bozari, Mustafa Berktas, and Yaşar Goz. "Detection of putative virulence genes in Aeromonas isolates from humans and animals." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 11 (2014): 1398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.4879.

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Introduction: Aeromonas are food- and water-borne bacteria that are considered to be zoonotic human pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the presence of genes associated with virulence in human and animal Aeromonas isolates and the potential role of animal isolates with regards to human Aeromonas infections. Methodology: The presence of aerA, hlyA, alt, ast, laf, ascF-G, stx1 and stx2 putative virulence genes in 40 human and animal Aeromonas isolates (16 human and 24 animal isolates) were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA fragments of expected sizes were purified and seque

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Byun, Roy, Liam D. H. Elbourne, Ruiting Lan, and Peter R. Reeves. "Evolutionary Relationships of Pathogenic Clones of Vibrio cholerae by Sequence Analysis of Four Housekeeping Genes." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 3 (1999): 1116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.3.1116-1124.1999.

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ABSTRACT Studies of the Vibrio cholerae population, using molecular typing techniques, have shown the existence of several pathogenic clones, mainly sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones. However, the relationship of the pathogenic clones to environmental V. cholerae isolates remains unclear. A previous study to determine the phylogeny of V. cholerae by sequencing the asd (aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) gene of V. cholerae showed that the sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones had very differentasd sequences which fell into separate lineages

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Kędrak-Jabłońska, Agnieszka, Sylwia Budniak, Anna Szczawińska, Monika Reksa, Marek Krupa, and Krzysztof Szulowski. "Application of SYBR Green I and TaqMan probe-based real-time PCRs for the identification of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 59, no. 4 (2015): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bvip-2015-0073.

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Abstract The aim of the study was the application and comparison of real-time PCR methods based on the fluorescence of SYBR Green I intercalating dye and TaqMan probes for the detection of the 23S rDNA gene of Listeria spp. and the hlyA gene of Listeria monocytogenes. Five strains of L. monocytogenes and single strains of each of the species: L. ivanovii, L. innocua, L. grayi, L. welshimeri, and L. seeligeri were used for the experiments. Additionally, five strains of other species of bacteria were used for evaluation of the specificity of the tests. QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR and QuantiTect Pr

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Vazquez, Romina F., Sabina M. Maté, Laura S. Bakás, Marisa M. Fernández, Emilio L. Malchiodi та Vanesa S. Herlax. "Novel evidence for the specific interaction between cholesterol and α-haemolysin of Escherichia coli". Biochemical Journal 458, № 3 (2014): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20131432.

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The present study shows, for the first time, the interaction of HlyA with cholesterol. This interaction seems to favour a conformational state of the protein that allows its correct insertion into the membrane and its further oligomerization to form pores.

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Hou, Hong Man, Yu Na Cui, Gong Liang Zhang, and Hao Yu Wang. "Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods by SYBR Green I Melting Curve." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 1771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.1771.

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Two pairs of specific primers were composited based on the hlyA gene of L.monocytogenes and the 16sRNA gene of the genus Listeria. Optimal reaction system and condition of the SYBR GreenⅠfluorescent PCR were established, respectively, which could detect two specific genes. The reaction solution was verified by the method of gel electrophoresis. The results showed that two target fragments possessed different sizes and Tm valves which were amplfied corresponding two separate peaks. The standard curve based on the L.monocytogenes hlyA gene was established and the correlation coefficient was 0.99

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