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Journal articles on the topic "Hm 1013"
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Merino, A., L. López, J. L. Sánchez, E. García-Ortega, E. Cattani, and V. Levizzani. "Daytime identification of summer hailstorm cells from MSG data." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 4 (April 29, 2014): 1017–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1017-2014.
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Abstract. Identifying deep convection is of paramount importance, as it may be associated with extreme weather phenomena that have significant impact on the environment, property and populations. A new method, the hail detection tool (HDT), is described for identifying hail-bearing storms using multispectral Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) data. HDT was conceived as a two-phase method, in which the first step is the convective mask (CM) algorithm devised for detection of deep convection, and the second a hail mask algorithm (HM) for the identification of hail-bearing clouds among cumulonimbus systems detected by CM. Both CM and HM are based on logistic regression models trained with multispectral MSG data sets comprised of summer convective events in the middle Ebro Valley (Spain) between 2006 and 2010, and detected by the RGB (red-green-blue) visualization technique (CM) or C-band weather radar system of the University of León. By means of the logistic regression approach, the probability of identifying a cumulonimbus event with CM or a hail event with HM are computed by exploiting a proper selection of MSG wavelengths or their combination. A number of cloud physical properties (liquid water path, optical thickness and effective cloud drop radius) were used to physically interpret results of statistical models from a meteorological perspective, using a method based on these "ingredients". Finally, the HDT was applied to a new validation sample consisting of events during summer 2011. The overall probability of detection was 76.9 % and the false alarm ratio 16.7 %.
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Kuhlen, Michaela, Jessica I. Hoell, Gabriele Gagnon, Stefan Balzer, Arndt Borkhardt, and Gisela Janßen. "Palliative Outpatient Care in Children with Hematologic Malignancies Compared to Solid Tumors." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 5977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5977.5977.
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Abstract Background: The palliative care needs of children with cancer strongly depend on tumor entity and localization. However, little is known about the needs of children with hematologic malignancies (HM), as a much larger body of publications deals with the needs of children with solid tumors. Methods: Patient data were extracted from the database of one of the largest pediatric palliative care teams (PPCT) in Germany. Information included demographic data, diagnoses, patient contacts, symptoms, and medications. Children with HM were compared to other malignancies using bivariate analyses. Results: Between 01/2013 and 05/2016, the PPCT cared for a total of 178 patients. Of the 58 children with cancer (3 bone tumors, 25 brain tumors, 6 neuroblastomas, 9 soft tissue sarcomas, 9 other solid tumors), 6 (10.3%) had a hematologic malignancy (2 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 2 acute myeloid leukemia, 1 T-cell lymphoma, 1 Burkitt lymphoma). Two patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Median age of patients with HM at the beginning of PCT was 12.1 years (range 5.4-18.9 years), 5 children were male. The number of children with HM cared for in the home setting was likely low due to the fact that most children with relapsed or refractory leukemia die during intensive chemotherapy and are thus still cared for in hospital. Time from start of palliative home care to death was the same in children with HM compared to non HM (54 vs. 53 days in care), although the range of days in palliative care was larger in children with non HM (1 to 226 days) compared to children with HM (10 to 116 days). The number of home visits was equal (9.7 vs. 9.4) as was the number of home visits per days in care (0.18 vs. 0.18). In both patient groups, most patients died at home or in hospice. The leading symptoms in children with HM were weakness and anxiety, whereas the most frequently reported symptom in patients with non HM was difficulty to move around (i.e. walk). Other frequently reported symptoms in non HM were neurological and gastrointestinal problems. In children with non HM, the occurring symptoms were much more variable. Mucosal bleeding, hematoma and/or petechiae were recurring problems in children with leukemia requiring platelet transfusions in the home setting, however, not a single child developed massive external hemorrhage. More children with non HM needed morphine-based pain medication (33% vs. 54%). Overall, less drugs for symptom control either regular or on demand medication were needed in children with HM. All patients with HM were continued on palliative chemotherapy. Although anti-infectious prophylaxis was discontinued at the beginning of palliative home care, sepsis did not occur in any child. Four of the HM patients died due to disease-related progressive weakness, one through an acute event (most likely intracranial hemorrhage), and one patient with a T-cell lymphoma and a large mediastinal mass died during palliative sedation. Conclusions: Children with hematologic malignancies who are referred to outpatient palliative care appear to have an equal length of care compared to other cancer patients. A lower number of medications (including morphine-based drugs) is necessary, however transfusion rates are higher. As might have been a fear of both parents and treating physicians, not a single child developed massive external hemorrhage. Better knowledge about the special symptoms and needs of children with hematologic malignancies will enable PPCTs to provide best possible care. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Antonenko, D. A., Y. Y. Nikiforenko, O. A. Melnik, D. A. Yurin, and A. A. Danilova. "Organomineral compost and its effects for the content of heavy metals in the top layer leached chernozem." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012028.
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Abstract To date, the most reliable and environmentally friendly way to increase soil fertility and reduce the concentration of mobile forms of heavy metals is the use of organic fertilizers. The article discusses the results of field trials of compost composed of semi-rotted cattle manure, phosphogypsum and alfalfa hay. It was revealed that organic fertilization increases the concentration of organic matter in the upper layer of chernozem leached in the agrocenosis of maize. This enhances the sorption of the organic mineral complex of the soil and decreases the mass fraction of some heavy metals (HM). It is noted that the use of compost in doses of 40 and 60 t/ha helps to reduce the mass concentration of zinc, copper and manganese. The excess of the permissible concentration of highly toxic and dangerous for humans HM was not detected in any field variant.
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Fu, Szu-Kai, Wei-Chin Tseng, Kuo-Wei Tseng, Chang-Chi Lai, Ying-Chieh Tsai, Hsia-Ling Tai, and Chia-Chen Hsu. "Effect of Daily Oral Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 on Exercise Capacity Recovery after a Half-Marathon." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 4023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114023.
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A half-marathon (HM) is a vigorous high-intensity exercise, which could induce lower extremity musculoskeletal injury risks for recreational runners. They usually consume nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in order to shorten their return to play but ignore the side effects, such as peptic ulcers and renal and vascular disorders. Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) could improve inflammation and oxidative stress by modulating the gut microbiota, thus potentially improving muscle damage and recovery. However, few studies have addressed the PS128 exercise capacity recovery 96 h after HM. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of PS128 on exercise capacity and physiological adaptation after HM. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover trial was used for the experiment. HM was conducted at the beginning and end of the 4-week nutritional supplement administration. Eight recreational runners took two capsules (3 × 1010 CFU/capsule) of PS128 each morning and evening before meals for 4 weeks as the PS128 treatment (LT), or they took two capsules of placebo for 4 weeks as the placebo treatment (PT). In both treatments, an exercise capacity test (lower extremity muscle strength, anaerobic power, lower extremity explosive force, and aerobic capacity) and blood test (muscle fatigue, muscle damage, oxidative stress, and renal injury) were performed before the administration of the nutritional supplement (baseline), 48 h before HM (pre), and 0 h (0 h post), 3 h (3 h post), 24 h (24 h post), 48 h (48 h post), 72 h (72 h post), and 96 h (96 h post) after HM. There was no significant difference in the total duration of HM between PT and LT, but PT was found to be significantly higher than LT at Stage 4 (15,751–21,000 m) of HM (3394 ± 727 s vs. 2778 ± 551 s, p = 0.02). The lower extremity muscle strength measured using an isokinetic dynamometer in PT was significantly lower than that in LT at 72 h after HM. The lower extremity explosive force from the countermovement jump (CMJ) in PT was significantly decreased compared to 24 h prior. There was no significant difference between anaerobic power and aerobic capacity between the two treatments after HM. After HM, LT had lower muscle damage indices, such as myoglobin (3 h post-PT vs. -LT: 190.6 ± 118 ng/mL vs. 91.7 ± 68.6 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) and creatine phosphokinase (24 h post-PT vs. -LT: 875.8 ± 572.3 IU/L vs. 401 ± 295.7 IU/L, p < 0.0001). Blood urea nitrogen recovered in 24 h (24 h pre- vs. post-LT, p > 0.05) and higher superoxide dismutase was found in LT (96 h post-PT vs. -LT: 0.267 ± 0.088 U/mL vs. 0.462 ± 0.122 U/mL, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, PS128 supplementation was associated with an improvement in muscle damage, renal damage, and oxidative stress caused by HM through microbiota modulation and related metabolites but not in exercise capacity.
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Ross, Erin, Micah Kinney, and Nick Fogt. "Coincidence Anticipation Timing Responses with Head Tracking and Eye Tracking." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 93, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5904.2022.
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BACKGROUND: Head tracking movements are common in interceptive tasks. The benefits of these movements are unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare coincidence anticipation timing (CAT) responses for a simulated approaching object when the eyes were used in tracking the object and when the head was used in tracking the object.METHODS: A total of 29 subjects participated. A Bassin Anticipation Timer consisting of a track of sequentially illuminated lights was used to simulate an approaching object at velocities of 223 cm · s−1 to 894 cm · s−1. Each velocity was used 10 times under 2 conditions. In one condition, subjects were told to turn the eyes with the stimulus. In the other condition, subjects viewed the stimulus through apertures and were told to turn the head with the stimulus. Subjects pushed a button to coincide with illumination of the final light on the track.RESULTS: Signed CAT errors, unsigned CAT errors, and variable CAT errors were compared between the head movement (HM) and eye movement (EM) conditions. No significant differences were noted for the signed errors (mean signed error at 894 cm · s−1; 10.3 ± 75.4 ms (HM), −16.1 ± 51.0 ms (EM). However, the unsigned and variable errors were significantly larger at some stimulus velocities in the head movement condition [mean unsigned error at 894 cm · s−1: 82.6.0 ± 45.9 ms (HM), 59.0 ± 22.4 ms (EM); mean variable error at 894 cm · s−1; 78.0 ± 37.8 ms (HM), 49.2 ± 17.1ms (EM)].DISCUSSION: Head movement did not result in improved CAT performance compared to eye movements. Further work will be required to determine whether these results are generalizable to situations where head tracking is required but apertures are not worn.Ross E, Kinney M, Fogt N. Coincidence anticipation timing responses with head tracking and eye tracking. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(2):79–88.
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Jou, Erin, Carmen KM Cheung, Ryan CY Ho, Diwakar Mohan, Uriel Felsen, Henny H. Billett, Anthony T. C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, and Radha Raghupathy. "Retrospective Study of the Incidence and Risk Factors for Hematological Malignancies in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 5403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5403.5403.
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Abstract Background: Hepatitis B infection may be associated with an increased risk of non hodgkins lymphoma, especially diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Whether an intact immune system is required hepatitis B mediated lymphomagenesis and if factors such as other viral co infections and paraproteins may further compound this risk remains unclear. We retrospectively studied our large database of HBsAg positive patients for diagnoses of hematological malignancies or premalignant disorders (HM) and the risk factors for their development. Methods: Patients over the age of 18 with at least one positive HBsAg test between Jan 1st 2001 and Dec 31st 2011 were identified using the medical center database, clinical looking glass. Data were collected regarding demographics, HIV and hepatitis C status. Serum protein electrophoresis tests done after the HBsAg test were reviewed. Results of all biopsies performed for each patient, ICD9 and cancer registry diagnoses were reviewed for biopsy confirmed diagnoses of a HM. Liver biopsy results were reviewed for evidence of chronic hepatitis changes. Results: 3177 of 216,522 patients (1.5%) tested were HBsAg positive. Mean age of the HBsAg positive group was 43 years, 56% were male. 44% were black, 8% white and 7.4% were Asian. 33.6% of these patients had two positive HBsAg tests 6 months apart. 10.3% of patients underwent a liver biopsy and 9.4% of patients had biopsy changes consistent with chronic hepatitis. Of the 3177 patients, 4.9% (155 patients) had a biopsy of any lymphatic tissue or bone marrow performed. 2.2 % (71 patients) had a hematological malignancy or premalignant disorder diagnosed. 0.4% (12 patients) had an insufficient specimen for diagnosis and were excluded from further analysis. Of the 71 patients with a HM, 30 (42.3%) had a high grade B or T cell lymphoma; 12 (16.9%) had myeloma or smoldering myeloma; 11 (15.5%) had a low grade lymphoma; 6 (8.4%) had myelodysplasia, myeloproliferative disorder or acute leukemia and 11 (15.5%) had a premalignant disorder including multicentric castleman, MGUS or NK cell lymphocytosis. 47% of high grade lymphomas occurred in an extranodal location. Within the HBsAg positive population, HM positive patients (n=71) compared to HM negative controls (n=3094) were significantly older (52.5 vs 43 yrs, p<0.001) and more likely to be male (73.2% vs 55.5% p:0.003) HM positive patients were tested for other viral coinfections more often and were more likely to be seropositive for HIV (62.7% vs 31.4%, p<0.001) and Hepatitis C (20% vs 10.7%, p:0.014) . HM positive patients were also tested for paraprotein more frequently and had a significantly higher prevalence of paraproteinemia than their HM negative counterparts. (58.1% vs. 15.4%, p<0.0001) On multivariate analysis, male gender (OR: 2.4, 95% CI:1.1-4.9), paraprotein positivity (OR:16.3, 8.0-33.7) and HIV positivity (OR:2.6, 1.4-4.9) but not Hepatitis C positivity emerged as independent risk factors for development of HM. (Table 1) Of those patients with HBsAg positivity diagnosed with hematological malignancies, patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis B had a significantly higher proportion of DLBCL cases as compared to those with hepatitis B alone (46.9% vs 10.5%, p:0.013). Conclusions: Concurrent HIV infection and paraproteinemia were associated with increased risk of HM in our HBsAg positive patients. Of those who develop HM, HIV and Hepatitis B co-infected patients have a higher proportion of DLBCL. These data suggest synergistic mechanisms of Hepatitis B and HIV in abnormal B cell proliferation. Being a retrospective study, inherent biases exist in terms of which patients get certain tests. Further work is required to confirm these findings and to elucidate the mechanisms of lymphomagenesis in this population. Abstract 5403. Table 1: Risk factors for the development of HM in HBsAg positive patients HM positive (n=71) HM negative (n=3094) p value Mean age in years (SE) 52.5 (12.9) 42.9 (13.6) <0.0001* Male gender (n,%) 52 (73.2%) 1716 (55.5%) 0.003* HIV serology or viral load tested (n,%) 51 (71.8%) 1787 (57.8%) 0.017* HIV positive of tested patients (n,%) 32/51 (62.7%) 561/1787 (31.4%) <0.0001* HCV serology done (n,%) 70 (98.6%) 2660 (86%) 0.001* HCV seropositive of those tested (n,%) 14 /70 (20%) 285 / 2660 (10.7%) 0.014* SPEP test done (n,%) 31 (43.6%) 311 (10.1%) 0.0001* SPEP positive of tested patients (n,%) 18/31 (58.1%) 48/311 (15.4%) <0.0001* Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Dai, Dan, and Weiying Hu. "On the quasi-Ablowitz–Segur and quasi-Hastings–McLeod solutions of the inhomogeneous Painlevé II equation." Random Matrices: Theory and Applications 07, no. 04 (October 2018): 1840004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201032631840004x.
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We consider the quasi-Ablowitz–Segur and quasi-Hastings–McLeod solutions of the inhomogeneous Painlevé II equation [Formula: see text] These solutions are obtained from the classical Ablowitz–Segur (AS) and Hastings–McLeod (HM) solutions via the Bäcklund transformation, and satisfy the same asymptotic behaviors when [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], we show that the quasi-Ablowitz–Segur (qAS) and quasi-Hastings–McLeod (qHM) solutions possess [Formula: see text] simple poles on the real axis, which rigorously justifies the numerical results in Fornberg and Weideman (A computational exploration of the second Painlevé equation, Found. Comput. Math. 14(5) (2014) 985–1016).
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Ren, Han, Baoling Huang, Víctor Fernández-García, Jessica Miesel, Li Yan, and Chengqun Lv. "Biochar and Rhizobacteria Amendments Improve Several Soil Properties and Bacterial Diversity." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040502.
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In the current context, there is a growing interest in reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to promote ecological agriculture. The use of biochar and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an environmentally friendly alternative that can improve soil conditions and increase ecosystem productivity. However, the effects of biochar and PGPR amendments on forest plantations are not well known. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of biochar and PGPR applications on soil nutrients and bacterial community. To achieve this goal, we applied amendments of (i) biochar at 20 t hm−2, (ii) PGPR at 5 × 1010 CFU mL−1, and (iii) biochar at 20 t hm−2 + PGPR at 5 × 1010 CFU mL−1 in a eucalyptus seedling plantation in Guangxi, China. Three months after applying the amendments, we collected six soil samples from each treatment and from control plots. From each soil sample, we analyzed several physicochemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, total N, inorganic N, NO3−-N, NH4+-N, total P, total K, and soil water content), and we determined the bacterial community composition by sequencing the ribosomal 16S rRNA. Results indicated that co-application of biochar and PGPR amendments significantly decreased concentrations of soil total P and NH4+-N, whereas they increased NO3-N, total K, and soil water content. Biochar and PGPR treatments increased the richness and diversity of soil bacteria and the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa such as Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Cyanobacteria. In general, the microbial composition was similar in the two treatments with PGPR. We also found that soil physicochemical properties had no significant influence on the soil composition of bacterial phyla, but soil NH4+-N was significantly related to the soil community composition of dominant bacterial genus. Thus, our findings suggest that biochar and PGPR amendments could be useful to maintain soil sustainability in eucalyptus plantations.
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Harousseau, Jean-Luc, Pierre Fumoleau, Winand Lange, and Manfred Welslau. "Increasing Hemoglobin Levels with Epoetin Alfa in Anemic Hematologic Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy Correlates Significantly with Improved Quality of Life." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 2213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2213.2213.
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Abstract The majority of patients (pts) with hematologic malignancies (HM) are anemic and often have poor performance scores (Ludwig H et al. Blood.2002;100:234a). The correlation between increases in hemoglobin (Hb) with epoetin alfa and improvements in quality of life (QOL) was evaluated in this open-label, multicenter study that enrolled 736 adult pts with various solid tumors and HM (n = 122) who were receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy and had Hb levels <12 g/dL. Epoetin alfa was administered 150 IU/kg or 10,000 IU 3 times weekly (TIW) for a maximum 28 weeks (wks); dose was increased to 300 IU/kg or 20,000 IU TIW if Hb was not increased >1 g/dL above baseline within 4 wks. Results for pts with HM are compared to results from a similar 16-wk trial that included pts with HM (n = 488) and used the 40,000 IU once-weekly (QW) dose, increased to 60,000 IU QW if Hb did not increase ≥1 g/dL within 4 wks (Gabrilove J et al. Int J Hematol.2000;72:55). In the TIW study, the primary efficacy endpoint was change in QOL as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), including subscales for anemia (FACT-An) and fatigue; the FACT was administered at study entry, at 8–9 wks, and at 12 wks. QOL was additionally measured by the Cancer Linear Analog Scale (CLAS; also known as the Linear Analog Scale Assessment [LASA]) administered at every study visit. Dose increases were similar in both studies (33.6% of pts in the TIW study; 36.7% of pts in the QW study). In the TIW study, mean baseline Hb was 9.6 g/dL; mean Hb increased at 4–6 wks (1.35 g/dL), 8–9 wks (2.09 g/dL) and 12 wks (2.46 g/dL) to a mean Hb of 12.0 g/dL. Almost half the HM patients in the TIW study (48.1%) had a complete response (Hb increase ≥2 g/dL without blood transfusion). Hematologic results are similar to those reported in the QW study where mean Hb increased 1.96 g/dL by end of study (P = .0001). QOL improvements were also similar between studies. Mean FACT-An scores for the total population in the TIW study increased 6.7 points after 12 wks, which is clinically significant (Patrick DL et al. Eur J Cancer.2003;39:335–345). The mean increase for overall FACT-G correlated significantly with increased Hb at 12 wks (P <.0001; r = .262). Mean CLAS scores for the total population increased steadily throughout the study. At 12 wks mean increases (based on the 100-mm scale) were clinically significant (Patrick et al): 10.9 mm for Energy, 11.2 mm for Daily Activity, and 10.3 mm for Overall QOL. Mean change for FACT-An for patients from the total population in the QW study (n = 2,230) was 6.0 points (P <.001), which is comparable to the mean changes in the TIW study and the HM population of the QW study (6.59 points, P <.0001). No unexpected adverse events were reported. Epoetin alfa TIW or QW was shown to steadily increase Hb, which significantly correlated with clinically significant improvements in QOL.
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Hu, Yingying, Xueqin Chen, Maher Hendi, Jianmin Si, Shujie Chen, and Yanyong Deng. "Diagnostic Ability of Magnifying Narrow-Band Imaging for the Extent of Early Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2021 (April 24, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5543556.
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Background. Accurate delineation of tumor margin is essential for complete resection of early gastric cancer (EGC). The objective of this study is to assess the performance of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) for the accurate demarcation of EGC margins. Methods. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases up to March 2020 to identify eligible studies. The diagnostic accuracy of ME-NBI for EGC margins was calculated, and subgroup analyses were performed based on tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, tumor-occupied site, macroscopic type, histological type, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and endoscopists’ experience. Besides, we also evaluated the negative and positive resection rates of the horizontal margin (HM) of EGC after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and surgery. Results. Ten studies comprising 1018 lesions were eligible in the databases. The diagnostic accuracy of ME-NBI for the demarcation of EGC margins was 92.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 86.7%-96.8%). According to ME-NBI subgroup analyses, the rate of accurate evaluation of EGC margins was not associated with H. pylori infection status, tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, tumor-occupied site, macroscopic type, histological type, and endoscopists’ experience, and no statistical differences were found in subgroup analyses. Moreover, the negative and positive resection rates of HM after ESD and surgery were 97.4% (95% CI: 92.1%-100%) and 2.6% (95% CI: 0.02%-7.9%), respectively. Conclusions. ME-NBI enables a reliable delineation of the extent of EGC.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hm 1013"
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Okwelume, Obinna Charles. "Igbo caste practices : persistence and public attitudes in the media." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1012/.
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For over a century, several minority caste groups have suffered discrimination in eastern Nigeria. They include former slaves and servant groups known as osu or ohu as well as other names and are generally referred to as caste groups. Forbidden to associate freely with the freeborn, these groups still maintain their stigma. The origins of the caste groups lie in the past. However, after 1900, they started to struggle for emancipation. Since then, discrimination against them has been abolished many times. Yet the practice remains persistent. At the same time, the discrimination against the caste groups continues to exercise the public and private imagination and it is depicted and discussed in various ways in the media, from newspapers to films and even in internet forums. Using oral sources and commentaries in the media, this thesis argues that Igbo socio-political life has continued to sustain this practice even as it pretends to reject it. The general attitude to discrimination against the caste groups has been that it is barbaric. Yet, the freeborn still find it difficult to embrace them. Reasons for this include a range of fears, but most importantly fear of social ostracism. The thesis argues that the media has engaged in the struggle to change the situation by providing a platform for debate about the practice. However, this has had little impact because of the nature of Igbo socio-political life.
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Ravikumar, P. C. "Synthetic Approaches To Herbertenoid And Cuparenoid Sesquiterpenes." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/1083.
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Among Nature's creation, terpenoids are more versatile and exciting natural products. In a remarkable display of synthetic ingenuity and creativity, nature has endowed terpenes with a bewildering array of carbocyclic frameworks with unusual assemblage of rings and functionalities. This phenomenal structural diversity of terpenes makes them ideal targets for developing and testing new synthetic strategies for efficient articulation of carbocyclic frameworks. The thesis entitled “Synthetic Approaches to Herbertenoid and Cuperenoid Sesquiterpenes" describes the application of ring-closing metathesis and Claisen rearrangement based approach to some herbertenoid and cuparenoid natural products. The results are described in five different sections, viz., a) First Total Synthesis of (±)-γ-Herbertenol; b) First Total Synthesis of (±)-HM-2; c) First Total Synthesis of (±)-HM-4 and HM-3; d) First Total Synthesis of Herbertenones A and B; and e) Total Synthesis of Lagopodin A. Complete details of the experimental procedures and the spectroscopic data were provided in a different section. A brief introduction is provided wherever appropriate to keep the present work in proper perspective. The compounds are sequentially numbered (bold), references are marked sequentially as superscripts and listed in the last section of the thesis. All the spectra included in the thesis were obtained by xeroxing the original NMR spectra.
To begin with, the first total synthesis of γ-herbertenol, an herbertene isolated from a non-herbertus source, has been accomplished starting from 3,5-dimethylphenol. Claisen rearrangement of 3-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)but-2-en-1-ol, obtained in eight steps from 3,5-dimethylphenol, furnished a γ,δ-unsaturated ester, which was transformed into 4-aryl-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopent-2-enone employing RCM reaction as the key step, which was further transformed into (±)-γ-herbertenol, which exhibited spectral data identical to that of the natural product. An alternative RCM reaction based methodology was also developed for the synthesis of γ-herbertenol methyl ether starting from ethyl 3-aryl-3-methylpent-4-enoate, an intermediate in the first sequence.
The methodology has been extended for the synthesis of the putative structure of HM-2 starting from 2,4-dimethoxy-5-methylacetophenone via the corresponding ethyl 3-aryl-3-methylpent-4-enoate. However, the spectral data of the synthetic compound was found to be different from that reported for the natural product.
A new cuperenoid structure for HM-2 was proposed. Total synthesis of cuparene-1,4-diol starting from toluhydroquinone, followed by its conversion to mono methyl ether and mono acetyl derivative confirmed the structures of HM-1 and the revised structure of HM-2. In a similar manner, total synthesis of the putative structure of HM-3 starting from 4-methylresorcinol dimethyl ether proved it to be wrong. A cupereniod structure, HM-4 monoacetate was proposed for HM-3. Synthesis of HM-4, and its conversion to mono acetate confirmed the structures of HM-4 and the revised structure of HM-3.
The methodology has been further extended to the first total synthesis of herbertenones A and B starting from 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde.
By readily identifying the similarity between lagopodin A and HM-1 and HM-2, an intermediate in the synthesis of HM-1 and HM-2 has been further transformed in to (±)lagopodin A.
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Ravikumar, P. C. "Synthetic Approaches To Herbertenoid And Cuparenoid Sesquiterpenes." Thesis, 2006. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1083.
Full textAbstract:
Among Nature's creation, terpenoids are more versatile and exciting natural products. In a remarkable display of synthetic ingenuity and creativity, nature has endowed terpenes with a bewildering array of carbocyclic frameworks with unusual assemblage of rings and functionalities. This phenomenal structural diversity of terpenes makes them ideal targets for developing and testing new synthetic strategies for efficient articulation of carbocyclic frameworks. The thesis entitled “Synthetic Approaches to Herbertenoid and Cuperenoid Sesquiterpenes" describes the application of ring-closing metathesis and Claisen rearrangement based approach to some herbertenoid and cuparenoid natural products. The results are described in five different sections, viz., a) First Total Synthesis of (±)-γ-Herbertenol; b) First Total Synthesis of (±)-HM-2; c) First Total Synthesis of (±)-HM-4 and HM-3; d) First Total Synthesis of Herbertenones A and B; and e) Total Synthesis of Lagopodin A. Complete details of the experimental procedures and the spectroscopic data were provided in a different section. A brief introduction is provided wherever appropriate to keep the present work in proper perspective. The compounds are sequentially numbered (bold), references are marked sequentially as superscripts and listed in the last section of the thesis. All the spectra included in the thesis were obtained by xeroxing the original NMR spectra.
To begin with, the first total synthesis of γ-herbertenol, an herbertene isolated from a non-herbertus source, has been accomplished starting from 3,5-dimethylphenol. Claisen rearrangement of 3-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)but-2-en-1-ol, obtained in eight steps from 3,5-dimethylphenol, furnished a γ,δ-unsaturated ester, which was transformed into 4-aryl-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopent-2-enone employing RCM reaction as the key step, which was further transformed into (±)-γ-herbertenol, which exhibited spectral data identical to that of the natural product. An alternative RCM reaction based methodology was also developed for the synthesis of γ-herbertenol methyl ether starting from ethyl 3-aryl-3-methylpent-4-enoate, an intermediate in the first sequence.
The methodology has been extended for the synthesis of the putative structure of HM-2 starting from 2,4-dimethoxy-5-methylacetophenone via the corresponding ethyl 3-aryl-3-methylpent-4-enoate. However, the spectral data of the synthetic compound was found to be different from that reported for the natural product.
A new cuperenoid structure for HM-2 was proposed. Total synthesis of cuparene-1,4-diol starting from toluhydroquinone, followed by its conversion to mono methyl ether and mono acetyl derivative confirmed the structures of HM-1 and the revised structure of HM-2. In a similar manner, total synthesis of the putative structure of HM-3 starting from 4-methylresorcinol dimethyl ether proved it to be wrong. A cupereniod structure, HM-4 monoacetate was proposed for HM-3. Synthesis of HM-4, and its conversion to mono acetate confirmed the structures of HM-4 and the revised structure of HM-3.
The methodology has been further extended to the first total synthesis of herbertenones A and B starting from 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde.
By readily identifying the similarity between lagopodin A and HM-1 and HM-2, an intermediate in the synthesis of HM-1 and HM-2 has been further transformed in to (±)lagopodin A.
Books on the topic "Hm 1013"
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D, Hutchison Elizabeth, ed. Dimensions of human behavior. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2003.
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1973-, Heath Dan, ed. Made to stick: Why some ideas survive and others die. New York: Random House, 2007.
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Gladwell, Malcolm. The tipping point: How little things can make a big difference. Boston: Little, Brown, 2000.
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Gladwell, Malcolm. Yin bao qu shi: Ju shou zhi lao cheng da shi. Taibei Shi: Shi bao wen hua chu ban, 2000.
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Made to stick: Why some ideas survive and others die. New York, NY: Random House, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Hm 1013"
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McDiarmid, Lady. "Drury v HM Advocate 2001 SLT 1013." In Scottish Feminist Judgments. Hart Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509923298.ch-006.
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Mackowiak, Klaus. "89. Hm …, kann man nun eine leichte Verwüstung wirklichals seltene Rarität auffassen?" In Die 101 häufigsten Fehler im Deutschen, 143–44. Verlag C.H.BECK oHG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/9783406750120-143.
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Mackowiak, Klaus. "89. Hm …, kann man nun eine leichte Verwüstung wirklich als seltene Rarität auffassen?" In Die 101 häufigsten Fehler im Deutschen, 143–44. Verlag C.H.BECK oHG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/9783406792571-143.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Hm 1013"
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Bagchi, Aniruddha, and Francis A. Kulacki. "Natural Convection in Horizontal Fluid-Superposed Porous Layers Heated Locally From Below." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39604.
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This paper reports numerical studies of steady two-dimensional natural convection in fluid-superposed porous layers heated locally from below. The numerical simulation is based on the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model for the porous layer and focuses on the parametric domain in which the flow is well established, i.e., the overall Rayleigh number is several orders of magnitude larger than the critical value. An emphasis is placed on revealing the effects of two dimensionless parameters on the overall Nusselt number: the porous layer-to-cavity height ratio (η = Hm/H) and the heater-to-cavity base length ratio (δ = LH/L). Calculations cover η = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, δ = 0.25, 0.5, 1, and overall Rayleigh numbers from 103 to 106. For a fixed height ratio, overall Nusselt numbers increase with a decrease in the heater length. For a given heater length ratio, overall Nusselt number increases with an increase in the height of the overlying fluid layer. Recirculating flow is confined primarily to the overlying fluid layer with some penetration into the upper part of the porous layer. The present results represent an extension of the well studied problem of buoyant convection in superposed layers with a fully heated lower surface.