Journal articles: 'HMAP'

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Colli Franzone, P., L. F. Pavarino, S. Scacchi, and B. Taccardi. "Monophasic action potentials generated by bidomain modeling as a tool for detecting cardiac repolarization times." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293, no. 5 (November 2007): H2771—H2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00651.2007.

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Unipolar electrograms (EGs) and hybrid (or unorthodox or unipolar) monophasic action potentials (HMAPs) are currently the only proposed extracellular electrical recording techniques for obtaining cardiac recovery maps with high spatial resolution in exposed and isolated hearts. Estimates of the repolarization times from the HMAP downstroke phase have been the subject of recent controversies. The goal of this paper is to computationally address the controversies concerning the HMAP information content, in particular the reliability of estimating the repolarization time from the HMAP downstroke phase. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed by using the anisotropic bidomain model with a region of short action potential durations. EGs, transmembrane action potentials (TAPs), and HMAPs elicited by an epicardial stimulation close or away from a permanently depolarized site were computed. The repolarization time was computed as the moment of EG fastest upstroke (RTeg) during the T wave, of HMAP fastest downstroke (RTHMAP), and of TAP fastest downstroke (RTtap). The latter was taken as the gold standard for repolarization time. We also compared the times (RT90HMAP, RT90tap) when the HMAP and TAP first reach 90% of their resting value during the downstroke. For all explored sites, the HMAP downstroke closely followed the TAP downstroke, which is the expression of local repolarization activity. Results show that HMAP and TAP markers are highly correlated, and both markers RTHMAP and RTeg (RT90HMAP) are reliable estimates of the TAP reference marker RTtap (RT90tap). Therefore, the downstroke phase of the HMAP contains valuable information for assessing repolarization times.

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Yang, Cheng-Hsing, Chia-Chun Tsai, Jan-Ming Ho, and Sao-Jie Chen. "Hmap." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 2, no. 2 (April 1997): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/253052.253098.

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Sun, Yazhen, Bincheng Gu, Lin Gao, Linjiang Li, Rui Guo, Qingqing Yue, and Jinchang Wang. "Viscoelastic Mechanical Responses of HMAP under Moving Load." Materials 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 2490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122490.

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In order to represent the mechanical response laws of high-modulus asphalt pavement (HMAP) faithfully and objectively, the viscoelasticity of high-modulus asphalt mixture (HMAM) was considered, and the viscoelastic mechanical responses were calculated systematically based on moving load by numerical simulations. The performances of the HMAP in resistance to the deformation and the cracking at the bottom layer were compared with the ordinary asphalt pavement. Firstly, Lubao and Honeywell 7686 (H7686) were selected as the high modulus modifiers. The laboratory investigations of Asphalt mix-70 penetration, Asphalt mix-SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene), HMAM-Lubao and HMAM-H7686 were carried out by dynamic modulus tests and wheel tracking tests. The conventional performances related to the purpose of using the HMAM were indicated. The master curves of the storage moduli were obtained and the viscoelastic parameters were fitted based on viscoelastic theories. Secondly, 3D pavement models based on moving loads for the viscoelastic structures were built using the non-linear finite element software ABAQUS. The wheel path was discretized in time and space to apply the Haversine wave load, and then the mechanical responses of four kinds of asphalt pavement were calculated. Finally, the sensitivity analysis was carried out. The results showed that the addition of the high modulus modifiers can improve the resistance to high-temperature rutting of the pavements. Except for the tensile strain and stress at the bottom of the underlayer, other responses decreased with the increases of the dynamic moduli and the change laws of the tensile strain and stress were affected by the range of the dynamic modulus. The tensile stress at the bottom of the asphalt layer would be too large if the modulus of the layer were too large, and a larger tensile strain would result. Therefore, the range of the modulus must be restricted to avoid the cracking due to excessive tension when using the HMAM. The resistance of the HMAP to deformation was better and the HMAP was less sensitive to load changes and could better withstand the adverse effects inflicted by heavy loads.

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Al-Amiery, Ahmed, Taghried A. Salman, Khalida F. Alazawi, Lina M. Shaker, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum, and Mohd S. Takriff. "Quantum chemical elucidation on corrosion inhibition efficiency of Schiff base: DFT investigations supported by weight loss and SEM techniques." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 15, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctz074.

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Abstract The corrosion inhibition of Schiff base, namely 2-((2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)amino)pyridine (HMAP), for mild steel (MS) in a 1 M hydrochloric acid environment was investigated by means of weight loss and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Quantum chemical calculation based on density functional theory (DFT) was carried out on HMAP. Results illustrated that HMAP is a superior inhibitor for the corrosion of MS in 1.0M hydrochloric acid environment, and inhibition efficiency is higher than 90.0% at 0.5 g/L HMAP. Inhibition performance increases with regard to concentration increase and inhibition performance decreases when raising temperature. Adsorption of the inhibitor on the MS surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the value of the free energy of adsorption; ΔGads indicated that the adsorption of HMAP was a physisorption/chemisorption process. The DFT refers to perfect correlation with methodological inhibition performance.

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Chatterjee, Rajib Kumar, Neha Neha, and Anirban Sarkar. "Behavioral Modeling of Multi Agent System." International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 7, no. 1 (January 2015): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijats.2015010104.

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Modeling interactions between agents and the Multi-Agent System (MAS) behavior based on role based collaboration among the participating agents are the key factors to design of effective MAS dynamics. In this paper, a High level Multi Agent Petri Net called HMAP has been proposed which is capable of describing, analyzing and modeling dynamics of such MAS which are characterized as asynchronous, distributed, parallel and non-deterministic agent based systems. Proposed HMAP is also effective towards modeling roles, collaborations and interactions among the heterogeneous agents in MAS environment. Moreover the HMAP is useful in formal analysis of several behavioral properties of MAS like, Reachability, Home properties, Boundedness, Liveness and Fairness. The proposed mechanism has been illustrated using a suitable case study of Medical Emergency System. Moreover, to further validate the proposed concepts of HMAP, it has been simulated using Color Petri Net based tool called CPN Tool, with some restriction.

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Taxak, V. B., Rajesh Kumar, J. K. Makrandi, and S. P. Khatkar. "Synthesis and characterization of luminescent Eu(HMAP)3·2H2O and Tb(HMAP)3·2H2O complexes." Displays 30, no. 4-5 (December 2009): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2009.06.002.

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Holm, P., M. Coll, A. MacDiarmid, H. Ojaveer, and B. Poulsen. "HMAP Response to the Marine Forum." Environmental History 18, no. 1 (November 23, 2012): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/ems118.

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Hidalgo, María A., María D. Carretta, Stefanie E. Teuber, Cristian Zárate, Leonardo Cárcamo, Ilona I. Concha, and Rafael A. Burgos. "fMLP-Induced IL-8 Release Is Dependent on NADPH Oxidase in Human Neutrophils." Journal of Immunology Research 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/120348.

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N-Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) induce similar intracellular signalling profiles; but only fMLP induces interleukin-8 (IL-8) release and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH) oxidase activity in neutrophils. Because the role of ROS on IL-8 release in neutrophils is until now controversial, we assessed if NADPH oxidase is involved in the IL-8 secretions and PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways activity induced by fMLP. Neutrophils were obtained from healthy volunteers. IL-8 was measured by ELISA, IL-8 mRNA by qPCR, and ROS production by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence, reduction of ferricytochrome c, and FACS. Intracellular pH changes were detected by spectrofluorescence. ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and Akt phosphorylation were analysed by immunoblotting and NF-κB was analysed by immunocytochemistry. Hydroxy-3-methoxyaceto-phenone (HMAP), diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), and siRNA Nox2 reduced the ROS and IL-8 release in neutrophils treated with fMLP. HMAP, DPI, and amiloride (a Na+/H+exchanger inhibitor) inhibited the Akt phosphorylation and did not affect the p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 activity. DPI and HMAP reduced NF-κB translocation induced by fMLP. We showed that IL-8 release induced by fMLP is dependent on NADPH oxidase, and ROS could play a redundant role in cell signalling, ultimately activating the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways in neutrophils.

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Kumar, Rajesh, and Satyender P. Khatkar. "Synthesis and Characterization of Luminescent [Tb(HMAP)3(Bipy)] Complex." ECS Transactions 11, no. 20 (December 19, 2019): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2912044.

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SCACCHI, SIMONE, PIERO COLLI FRANZONE, LUCA F. PAVARINO, and B. TACCARDI. "COMPUTING CARDIAC RECOVERY MAPS FROM ELECTROGRAMS AND MONOPHASIC ACTION POTENTIALS UNDER HETEROGENEOUS AND ISCHEMIC CONDITIONS." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 20, no. 07 (July 2010): 1089–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021820251000457x.

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The currently available techniques to investigate the 3D sequence of activation and recovery in the cardiac atria and ventricles, with high spatial resolution, are based on extracellular electrical recordings. The goal of the present work is to provide an extensive quantitative analysis of the accuracy level of commonly used recovery time (RT) markers, under heterogeneous and pathological conditions of the myocardial tissue, such as myocardial ischemia. A widely used technique is based on unipolar electrograms (EGs); an alternative technique is based on hybrid monophasic action potentials (HMAPs), obtained as the potential difference between a permanently depolarized site and an exploring site. The RT markers derived from EGs and HMAPs are compared with two transmembrane action potential (TAP) markers considered here as gold standards for the fastest and final recovery phase, respectively. The analysis is based on 3D numerical simulations of the action potential propagation in anisotropic and insulated cardiac blocks, modeled by the Bidomain system coupled with the Luo–Rudy I membrane model. These demanding simulations have been made possible by recent advances in computing power and multilevel Bidomain solvers. The results show that the extracellular RT markers considered are reliable estimates of the gold standard TAP markers, with low relative mean discrepancies and high correlation coefficients. We also investigate the capability of the markers to discriminate different transmural dispersions of recovery times and action potential durations. In some specific pathological cases when the EG markers fail, the HMAP markers may offer reliable alternatives.

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Upadhyaya, H. D., P. P. Patel, and M. N. Patel. "Poly (1,3-[2-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-acetylphenylene] butylene) (HMAP-BG) as a polymeric ligand." Proceedings / Indian Academy of Sciences 103, no. 2 (February 1991): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02843562.

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Crespo Flores, Gustavo, Hugo M. Ramírez-Tobias, Moises Roberto Vallejo-Pérez, and Heriberto Méndez-Cortés. "Coinoculación con rizobios y hongos micorrízicos arbusculares en plántulas de Prosopis laevigata." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 12, no. 7 (November 4, 2021): 1249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v12i7.2910.

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La inoculación con rizobios y hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA), de manera simple o combinada, puede contribuir con el crecimiento y establecimiento de Prosopis laevigata por una interacción positiva de los simbiontes con la planta. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la inoculación simple y combinada de tres aislados locales de rizobios (R1, R2 y R3) y dos cepas de HMA (HMA1 y HMA2) en la colonización micorrízica, la nodulación, el crecimiento y producción de biomasa de P. laevigata en sustrato con pH cercano a la neutralidad. El experimento se desarrolló en invernadero, en la Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria de la UASLP en 2020-2021. Se evaluaron 13 tratamientos en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con cinco repeticiones. Se estudiaron las variables número de esporas g-1 de sustrato, colonización y densidad visual micorrízica, nódulos totales, nódulos efectivos, número de foliolos, altura, diámetro de tallo y rendimiento de biomasa. La inoculación promovió mayor colonización, nodulación y crecimiento vegetal con respecto al testigo sin inocular. Con HMA1, HMA2, R1, R3, R1+HMA1, R3+HMA1, R1+HMA2 y R3+HMA2, se obtuvieron resultados superiores que el resto de los tratamientos. Se concluye que la inoculación con aislados locales de rizobios y su combinación con HMA favorece el desarrollo de estructuras micorrízicas, la nodulación, el crecimiento y la producción de biomasa de P. laevigata crecido en sustrato con pH neutro. Se registró a los aislados R1, R3, las cepas HMA1, HMA2 y las combinaciones R1+HMA1, R1+HMA2, R3+HMA1 y R3+HMA2 como inoculantes efectivos para aumentar el crecimiento de P. laevigata.

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Sharma, Bhupesh, and Nirmal Singh. "Pitavastatin and 4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyacetophenone (HMAP) Reduce Cognitive Dysfunction in Vascular Dementia During Experimental Diabetes." Current Neurovascular Research 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2010): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720210792231831.

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Combi, Carlo, and Giuseppe Pozzi. "HMAP– A temporal data model managing intervals with different granularities and indeterminacy from natural language sentences." VLDB Journal 9, no. 4 (April 2001): 294–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007780100033.

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Roy, Amit Kumar, Keshab Nath, Gautam Srivastava, Thippa Reddy Gadekallu, and Jerry Chun-Wei Lin. "Privacy Preserving Multi-Party Key Exchange Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks." Sensors 22, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051958.

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Presently, lightweight devices such as mobile phones, notepads, and laptops are widely used to access the Internet throughout the world; however, a problem of privacy preservation and authentication delay occurs during handover operation when these devices change their position from a home mesh access point (HMAP) to a foreign mesh access point (FMAP). Authentication during handover is mostly performed through ticket-based techniques, which permit the user to authenticate itself to the foreign mesh access point; therefore, a secure communication method should be formed between the mesh entities to exchange the tickets. In two existing protocols, this ticket was not secured at all and exchanged in a plaintext format. We propose a protocol for handover authentication with privacy preservation of the transfer ticket via the Diffie–Hellman method. Through experimental results, our proposed protocol achieves privacy preservation with minimum authentication delay during handover operation.

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Orpiszewski, Jozef, and Dana W. Aswad. "High Mass Methyl-accepting Protein (HMAP), a Highly Effective Endogenous Substrate for Protein -Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase in Mammalian Brain." Journal of Biological Chemistry 271, no. 38 (September 20, 1996): 22965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.38.22965.

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Ouyang, Wei, Guo Feng Yu, and Fang Fang Zhu. "Research on Anti-Rutting Performance of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Pavement." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 4474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.4474.

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The new ways of anti-rutting was put forward by improving modulus of asphalt concrete and the effect of HMAT(high modulus asphalt concrete) on rutting is studied in view of mechanics; The cause of asphalt pavement track is closely related to pavement structure under load. Starting from the mechanism of rutting, the mechanical property of HMAT and the effect of modulus in middle layer on the rutting were analyzed; the dynamic stability and modulus of HMAC were analyzed by text and the result show that Increase of the dynamic stability and modulus of HMAC went against rutting; The mechanism of pavement structure was analyzed by the numerical analysis show that the maximum shear stress occurred in middle layer of pavement structure according to mechanical calculation. HMAC can raise modulus of elasticity of middle layer. HMAC can also improve stress state of pavement structure, reduce shear strain and prevent asphalt pavement track.

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Grimaldo-Pantoja, Graciela L., Genhua Niu, Youping Sun, Arturo Castro-Rocha, Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla, Juan P. Flores-Márgez, Baltazar Corral-Díaz, and Pedro Osuna-Ávila. "EFECTO NEGATIVO DEL RIEGO SALINO EN COMPONENTES DEL RENDIMIENTO Y FITOQUÍMICOS DE CHILE (Capsicum annuum) INOCULADO CON HONGOS MICORRÍCICOS ARBUSCULARES." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 40, no. 2 (June 20, 2017): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2017.2.141-149.

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Se evaluó el efecto de dos consorcios de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) aislados de plantas de huizache (Acacia sp.) (HMA1) y de una asociación entre Larrea tridentata y Opuntia sp. (HMA2), nativas del desierto Chihuahuense, en los componentes del rendimiento y fitoquímicos en plantas de chile Jalapeño var. M crecidas bajo estrés salino en condiciones de invernadero. El diseño experimental constó de dos factores: HMA (HMA-, HMA1 y HMA2), y salinidad (testigo, 4 y 8 dS m-1) de una solución de NaCl y CaCl2, con nueve repeticiones por tratamiento. El número de esporas fue contabilizado y las plantas se inocularon con 40,000 esporas. La solución salina se aplicó 30 d después de la inoculación durante ocho semanas. El fósforo se aplicó con una solución de 44 mg L-1 de KH2PO4 a las plantas sin inocular y de 22 mg L-1 a las plantas inoculadas. La micorrización al final del experimento osciló entre 22 y 32 % en las plantas inoculadas. La salinidad afectó significativamente el desarrollo y el verdor de las plantas. Aunque el factor HMA tuvo un efecto negativo en el número de frutos, no se afectó el rendimiento en el peso fresco de los frutos. La salinidad tuvo un efecto negativo en el peso fresco de los frutos. Los HMA incrementaron significativamente el contenido de fósforo y ácido ascórbico, sin verse afectados el desarrollo y fisiología de la planta a pesar de la reducción en la cantidad de fósforo exógeno aplicado. La concentración de fósforo en los frutos fue mayor en las plantas inoculadas con HMA2. A mayor salinidad, los frutos tuvieron menor concentración de ácido ascórbico pero mayor concentración de fenoles totales en los frutos. El contenido de capsaicinoides no fue afectado por ninguno de los factores estudiados.

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Nazha, Aziz, Rami S. Komrokji, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, John Barnard, Katrina Zell, Cassie Zimmerman, Najla H. Al Ali, et al. "A Novel Model to Predict Outcome of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) at the Time of Hypomethylating Agent Failure." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 2888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2888.2888.

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Abstract Background: Several validated prognostic models exist for patients (pts) with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), including the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), the Revised IPSS (IPSS-R), the World Health Organization (WHO) classification-based Prognostic Scoring System (WPSS), and the MD Anderson Prognostic Scoring System (MDAPSS). All were developed in pts with newly diagnosed MDS, and their prognostic value in subsequent stages of disease, such as at the time of hypomethylating agents failure (HMAs, azacitidine (AZA) and decitabine (DAC), has not been established. Despite this, the IPSS and IPSS-R is often used to determine clinical trial eligibility for pts who fail HMA and has been used by the FDA for drug labeling in this setting. Here in we developed a new prognostic model that predicts outcome post HMAs failure (HMAF). Methods Included patients were diagnosed with higher-risk MDS (per 2008 WHO criteria, higher-risk defined as IPSS Intermediate-2/High) with clinical and pathologic data entered into the MDS Clinical Research Consortium database. The IPSS, IPSS-R, WPSS and MDAPSS were calculated at the time of diagnosis and HMAF. HMAF was defined as no response to AZA or DAC following >4 cycles, loss of response, or progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at any time after starting therapy. Responses were defined per International Working Group criteria (IWG 2006). Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the time of diagnosis to time of death or last follow up when the models were applied at diagnosis and from HMAF date to time of death or last follows up when the models were applied at the time of HMAF. Cox proportional hazard analysis within the multivariable model-building with fractional polynomials (MFP) approach, which automatically select from all factors at the time of HMAF, was used to build the new model. Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to compare fits from Cox proportional hazards models. Results Of 450 higher-risk MDS pts who failed HMAs, 311 (69.1%) were treated with AZA and 139 (30.9%) with DAC. The median age at diagnosis was 70 years (range: 35-91). Best responses (BR) to HMA were: 96 (21.3%) with complete remission, 40 (8.9%) partial remission, 46 (10.2%) hematologic improvement, 180 (40.0%) stable disease, and 88 (19.6%) with progressive disease. The median number of cycles received during treatment was 6 (range, 2-51). With a median follow up of 17.4 months (IQ range, 16.1, 18.7), the median OS from diagnosis for the entire group was 18.5 months (IQ range, 17.2, 19.8). Median OS from diagnosis was similar for patients treated with AZA compared to DAC (18.0 months vs. 20.3 months, p = .36). The median OS after HMAF was 7.3 months (IQ range, 6.3, 8.4). Survival plots for each prognostic scoring system at diagnosis and HMAF are shown in Figure 1. Comparing the predictive power of these scoring systems at the time of HMAF, the AICc for each model was: MDASS (3541.1); IPSS-R (3562.0), IPSS (3570.0), and WPSS with AICc of (3572.2) (lower AICc indicates better fit of the model). Given the lower predictive power of the current prognostic models at the time of HMAF, we developed a new prognostic model specific for this patient population. Our MFP modeling approach selected 6 factors that have significant association with OS at the time of HMAF in the final Cox multivariate model (Table 1). The new model identified two risk groups: Low: score < 2.25, median OS 11.0 months (95% CI 8.8-13.6) and a high risk group with score of > 2.25 and median OS 4.5 months (95% CI 3.9-5.3). Using the internal model validation assessment, the estimated AICc for the new model was 3520.4 (lowest AICc). When the new model was applied at time of diagnosis, the AICc decreased to 3515.1, a much smaller decrease compared to the existing prognostic systems built at diagnosis: MDASS (3515.7), IPSS-R (3528.2), WPSS (3537.5) and IPSS (3537.7). Conclusion Currently available MDS prognostic scoring systems should be used cautiously in pts at the time of HMAF and, given their inconsistent reliability, should be avoided for clinical trial eligibility or drug labeling. A new prognostic model was developed specific for this patient population. Table 1. The Post-HMA model Table 1. The Post-HMA model Figure 1. Overall survival by scoring systems at diagnosis and at the time of HMA failure Figure 1. Overall survival by scoring systems at diagnosis and at the time of HMA failure Disclosures Komrokji: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Incite: Consultancy; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; GSK: Research Funding. Steensma:Celgene: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy; Onconova: Consultancy. Padron:Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Research Funding. List:Celgene Corporation: Honoraria, Research Funding. Sekeres:TetraLogic: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene Corporation: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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Ismael, Marwa, Ali Elyamine, Yuan Zhao, Mohamed Moussa, Muhammad Rana, Javaria Afzal, Muhammad Imran, Xiao Zhao, and Cheng Hu. "Can Selenium and Molybdenum Restrain Cadmium Toxicity to Pollen Grains in Brassica napus?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082163.

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Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic, even at very low concentrations, to both animals and plants. Pollen is extremely sensitive to heavy metal pollutants; however, less attention has been paid to the protection of this vital part under heavy metal stress. A pot experiment was designed to investigate the effect of foliar application of Se (1 mg/L) and Mo (0.3 mg/L) either alone or in combination on their absorption, translocation, and their impact on Cd uptake and its further distribution in Brassica napus, as well as the impact of these fertilizers on the pollen grains morphology, viability, and germination rate in B. napus under Cd stress. Foliar application of either Se or Mo could counteract Cd toxicity and increase the plant biomass, while combined application of Se and Mo solutions on B. napus has no significant promotional effect on plant root and stem, but reduces the seeds’ weight by 10–11%. Se and Mo have decreased the accumulated Cd in seeds by 6.8% and 9.7%, respectively. Microscopic studies, SEM, and pollen viability tests demonstrated that pollen grains could be negatively affected by Cd, thus disturbing the plant fertility. Se and Mo foliar application could reduce the toxic symptoms in pollen grains when the one or the other was sprayed alone on plants. In an in vitro pollen germination test, 500 μM Cd stress could strongly inhibit the pollen germination rate to less than 2.5%, however, when Se (10 μM) or Mo (1.0 μM) was added to the germination medium, the rate increased, reaching 66.2% and 39.4%, respectively. At the molecular level, Se and Mo could greatly affect the expression levels of some genes related to Cd uptake by roots (IRT1), Cd transport (HMA2 and HMA4), Cd sequestration in plant vacuoles (HMA3), and the final Cd distribution in plant tissue at the physiological level (PCS1).

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H. Al-Humeidawi, Basim, Abbas F. Jasim, and Huda A. Kadhim. "Performance Evaluation of Conventional and High Modulus Asphalt Concrete with Novolac Polymer Modifier Using Aashtoware Software." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (November 28, 2018): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.26140.

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In order to changes the original asphalt characteristics, there are many additives have been used to produce or modify the High Modulus Asphalt Binder (HMAB). Even though the hard grade asphalt binder has some disadvantages, such as the aging process due to high mixing and compacting temperature, which can negatively affect the pavement performance, some other advantages include increasing stiffness modulus of asphalt binder and high resistance to permanent deformation. Also, using the hard grade asphalt binder will save construction costs by reducing the asphalt pavement thickness due to its high stiffness modulus. In Iraq, the Novolac modifier and its Cross-linking Agent (Hexamine) was used for the first time as a modifier for asphalt which can significantly improve the rheological properties of asphalt and its role in HMA. This study focuses on estimating the thickness reduction of flexible pavement due to using High Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC). The reduction in permanent deformation and thickness of pavement were estimated for suggested pavement structure sections implemented HMAC mixture compared with the pavement section implemented conventional mixtures using AASHTOWare software version 2.3. The analytical results indicate that adding 4% of Novolac modifier and 15 % of Hexamine (form weigth of Novolac) is reduced the permanent deformation and bottom up cracking by 30% and 46 % compared to conventional mix, respectively. However, it can be concluded that adding Novolac polymer modifier enhanced the pavement performance.

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Mayerhofer, Hubert, Emeline Sautron, Norbert Rolland, Patrice Catty, Daphné Seigneurin-Berny, Eva Pebay-Peyroula, and Stéphanie Ravaud. "Structural Insights into the Nucleotide-Binding Domains of the P1B-type ATPases HMA6 and HMA8 from Arabidopsis thaliana." PLOS ONE 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2016): e0165666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165666.

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Li, Peng, Mulian Zheng, Fei Wang, Fa Che, Hongyin Li, Qinglei Ma, and Yonghong Wang. "Laboratory Performance Evaluation of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Modified with Different Additives." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7236153.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate comprehensive performance of high modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC) and propose common values for establishing evaluation system. Three gradations with different modifiers were conducted to study the high and low temperature performance, shearing behavior, and water stability. The laboratory tests for HMAC included static and dynamic modulus tests, rutting test, uniaxial penetration test, bending test, and immersion Marshall test. Dynamic modulus test results showed that modifier can improve the static modulus and the improvements were remarkable at higher temperature. Moreover, modulus of HMAC-20 was better than those of HMAC-16 and HMAC-25. The results of performance test indicated that HMAC has good performance to resist high temperature rutting, and the resistances of the HMAC-20 and HMAC-25 against rutting were better than that of HMAC-16. Then, the common values of dynamic stability were recommended. Furthermore, common values of HMAC performance were established based on pavement performance tests.

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Cho, Jae-Chang. "Human microbiome privacy risks associated with summary statistics." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): e0249528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249528.

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Recognizing that microbial community composition within the human microbiome is associated with the physiological state of the host has sparked a large number of human microbiome association studies (HMAS). With the increasing size of publicly available HMAS data, the privacy risk is also increasing because HMAS metadata could contain sensitive private information. I demonstrate that a simple test statistic based on the taxonomic profiles of an individual’s microbiome along with summary statistics of HMAS data can reveal the membership of the individual’s microbiome in an HMAS sample. In particular, species-level taxonomic data obtained from small-scale HMAS can be highly vulnerable to privacy risk. Minimal guidelines for HMAS data privacy are suggested, and an assessment of HMAS privacy risk using the simulation method proposed is recommended at the time of study design.

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Yee Ann, Lee, P. Ehkan, M. Y. Mashor, and S. M. Sharun. "FPGA-based architecture of hybrid multilayered perceptron neural network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp949-956.

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<span lang="EN-MY">The HMLP is an ANN similar to the MLP, but with extra weighted connections that connect the input nodes directly to the output nodes. The architecture of the HMLP neural network for implementation on FPGA is proposed. The HMLP architecture is designed to be concurrent to demonstrate the parallel nature of the HMLP where each hidden or output node within the same hidden or output layer of the HMLP can calculate its output independently. The HMLP architecture is designed to be modular as well, such that if modification to a module is necessary, only the specific module need to be modified and all other modules can be retained. This modularity will be especially helpful when different activation function is to be swapped in to replace current activation function. All calculations in the HMLP are performed in floating-point arithmetic. The HMLP architecture is compiled, simulated and finally implemented on the Cyclone V FPGA of DE1-SoC board. The simulation outcome and FPGA outputs showed that the developed HMLP architecture is able to calculate correct output values for all test datasets.</span>

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Lu, Yue, Shirui Zhao, and Xin-an Zhang. "Fabrication of Mn2+-Doped Hollow Mesoporous Aluminosilica Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Drug Delivery for Therapy of Colorectal Cancer." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (November 3, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3525143.

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A novel Mn2+-doped hollow Mn-HMAS aluminosilica (Mn-HMAS) nanoparticle for simultaneous T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery was reported. The magnetic resonance tests showed that the Mn-HMAS nanoparticles display an excellent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging effect with a high T1 relaxivity (r1) of 8.8 mM-1S-1. The MTT assays showed that the Mn-HMAS-DOX nanoparticles possess a better tumour cell inhibition effect than DOX. In addition, the Mn-HMAS nanoparticles also exhibit good stability and noncytotoxicity. These results demonstrated that the Mn-HMAS nanoparticles can be applied for the loading and delivery of various drugs in medicine.

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Sano, Daisuke, Ken Myojo, and Tatsuo Omura. "Cloning of a Heavy-Metal-Binding Protein Derived from Activated-Sludge Microorganisms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 9 (September 2006): 6377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00656-06.

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ABSTRACT A gene of the heavy-metal-binding protein (HMBP) was newly isolated from a genetic DNA library of activated-sludge microorganisms. HMBP was produced by transformed Escherichia coli, and the copper-binding ability of HMBP was confirmed. HMBP derived from activated sludge could be available as heavy metal adsorbents in water and wastewater treatments.

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Qin, Wenting, Anjing Zhang, Mingzhen Yang, Chan Chen, Lijun Zhen, Hong Yang, Lingjing Jin, and Fang Li. "Soleus H-Reflex Change in Poststroke Spasticity: Modulation due to Body Position." Neural Plasticity 2021 (December 7, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9955153.

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Purpose. This study is aimed at exploring how soleus H-reflex change in poststroke patients with spasticity influenced by body position. Materials and Methods. Twenty-four stroke patients with spastic hemiplegia and twelve age-matched healthy controls were investigated. Maximal Hoffmann-reflex (Hmax) and motor potential (Mmax) were elicited at the popliteal fossa in both prone and standing positions, respectively, and the Hmax/Mmax ratio at each body position was determined. Compare changes in reflex behavior in both spastic and contralateral muscles of stroke survivors in prone and standing positions, and match healthy subjects in the same position. Results. In healthy subjects, Hmax and Hmax/Mmax ratios were significantly decreased in the standing position compared to the prone position (Hmax: p = 0.000 , Hmax/Mmax: p = 0.016 ). However, Hmax/Mmax ratios were increased in standing position on both sides in poststroke patients with spasticity (unaffected side: p = 0.006 , affected side: p = 0.095 ). The Hmax and Hmax/Mmax ratios were significantly more increased on the affected side than unaffected side irrespective of the position. Conclusions. The motor neuron excitability of both sides was not suppressed but instead upregulated in the standing position in subjects with spasticity, which may suggest that there was abnormal regulation of the Ia pathway on both sides.

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Canessa, Pier Aldo, Carmen Manta, Paola Ferro, Maria Cristiana Franceschini, Massimiliano Sivori, Vincenzo Fontana, Franco Fedeli, Maria Pia Pistillo, and Silvio Roncella. "Clinical Relevance of Human Mammaglobin mRNA in Pleural Effusion from Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopy: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Biological Markers 27, no. 2 (April 2012): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jbm.2012.9305.

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Background human mammaglobin (hMAM) expression has been reported in pleural effusions (PE). The aim of this study was to assess the clinical relevance of hMAM mRNA in PE from patients who underwent thoracoscopy. Material and methods A total of 288 patients with PE were studied, 155 of which were diagnosed with malignant and 133 with non-malignant diseases by thoracoscopy. Cells from PE were analyzed by nested hMAM RT-PCR. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance parameters (DPP), the association between hMAM expression and benign or malignant status and the relative risk of cancer for patients with negative thoracoscopy showing hMAM positivity. Results hMAM mRNA was found in 68/288 (23.6%) PE samples of which 51 were from the 155 patients diagnosed with malignant diseases and 17 were from the 133 patients diagnosed with non-malignant diseases. A significant correlation between hMAM expression and malignancy was found (OR=3.04) and the DPP were as follows: sensitivity=32.9%, specificity=87.2%, accuracy=58.0%, positive predictive value=75.0% and negative predictive value=52.7%. Among the patients with negative thoracoscopy (n=133), 5/17 (29.4%) hMAM-positive patients had or developed a tumor during the 18-month follow up period, as compared to 10/116 (8.6%) hMAM-negative patients (relative risk of 4.6 for developing a malignancy). Conclusion These findings suggest a possible application of hMAM RT-PCR detection in PE as to identify a false-negative thoracoscopy in non-specific pleuritis.

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Si, Chundi, Hang Cao, Enli Chen, Zhanping You, Ruilan Tian, Ran Zhang, and Junfeng Gao. "Dynamic Response Analysis of Rutting Resistance Performance of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Pavement." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 2701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122701.

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In order to systematically study the rutting resistance performance of High-Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) pavements, a finite element method model of HMAC pavement was established using ABAQUS software. Based on the viscoelasticity theory of asphalt, the stress and deformation distribution characteristics of HMAC pavement were studied and compared to conventional asphalt pavement under moving loads. Then, the pavement temperature field model was established to study the temperature variation and the thermal stress in HMAC pavement. Finally, under the condition of continuous temperature variation, the creep behavior and permanent deformation of HMAC pavement were investigated. The results showed that under the action of moving loads, the strain and displacement generated in HMAC pavement were lower than those in conventional asphalt pavement. The upper surface layer was most obviously affected by outside air temperature, resulting in maximum thermal stress. Lastly, under the condition of continuous temperature change, HMAC pavement could greatly reduce the deformation of asphalt material in each surface layer compared to conventional asphalt pavement.

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Gharde, Swaroop, Gaurav Sharma, and Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian. "Hot-Melt Adhesives: Fundamentals, Formulations, and Applications: A Critical Review." Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7569/raa.2020.097301.

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Hot-Melt Adhesives (HMAs) are typically used in applications where instant sealing is critically required. HMAs are generally preferred for those applications where processing speed is critical. These materials are widely used in various engineering applications, mainly as sealants in leakages and crack filling of walls and roofs. The industrial use of HMAs is most common in glassware and automobiles for gluing glasses in buildings and bonding heavy motor parts. The formulation of HMAs contains a polymer of suitable nature that makes the base for a strong adhesive, and waxes are added to increase the settling time of adhesive. The tackifiers are used to dilute the polymer to adjust the Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) and to reduce the viscosity for proper flow of hot-melt. This review intends to comprehensively discuss the preparation and formulations of HMAs using various polymer matrices, along with their applications and mechanics. The designing of green HMAs has been discussed in the literature and have been promoted over conventional solvent-based HMAs due to their functionality without Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Various measures, challenges, and resolutions for making hazard-free HMAs have been discussed in the present review.

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Aida Rodríguez Pulecio, Sara, María Cristina Moré Farias, and Roberto Martins Souza. "Analysis of the tip roundness effects on the micro- and macroindentation response of elastic–plastic materials." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 3 (March 2009): 1037–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0078.

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In this work, the effects of indenter tip roundness on the load–depth indentation curves were analyzed using finite element modeling. The tip roundness level was studied based on the ratio between tip radius and maximum penetration depth (R/hmax), which varied from 0.02 to 1. The proportional curvature constant (C), the exponent of depth during loading (α), the initial unloading slope (S), the correction factor (β), the level of piling-up or sinking-in (hc/hmax), and the ratio hmax/hf are shown to be strongly influenced by the ratio R/hmax. The hardness (H) was found to be independent of R/hmax in the range studied. The Oliver and Pharr method was successful in following the variation of hc/hmax with the ratio R/hmax through the variation of S with the ratio R/hmax. However, this work confirmed the differences between the hardness values calculated using the Oliver–Pharr method and those obtained directly from finite element calculations; differences which derive from the error in area calculation that occurs when given combinations of indented material properties are present. The ratio of plastic work to total work (Wp/Wt) was found to be independent of the ratio R/hmax, which demonstrates that the methods for the calculation of mechanical properties based on the indentation energy are potentially not susceptible to errors caused by tip roundness.

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Tian, Shuo, Lei Wang, Shi Xu, Shasha Guo, Zhijie Yang, Jianfeng Zhang, and Weixia Xu. "A Systolic Accelerator for Neuromorphic Visual Recognition." Electronics 9, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 1690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101690.

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Advances in neuroscience have encouraged researchers to focus on developing computational models that behave like the human brain. HMAX is one of the potential biologically inspired models that mimic the primate visual cortex’s functions and structures. HMAX has shown its effectiveness and versatility in multi-class object recognition with a simple computational structure. It is still a challenge to implement the HMAX model in embedded systems due to the heaviest computational S2 phase of HMAX. Previous implementations such as CoRe16 have used a reconfigurable two-dimensional processing element (PE) array to speed up the S2 layer for HMAX. However, the adder tree mechanism in CoRe16 used to produce output pixels by accumulating partial sums in different PEs increases the runtime for HMAX. To speed up the execution process of the S2 layer in HMAX, in this paper, we propose SAFA (systolic accelerator for HMAX), a systolic-array based architecture to compute and accelerate the S2 stage of HMAX. Using the output stationary (OS) dataflow, each PE in SAFA not only calculates the output pixel independently without additional accumulation of partial sums in multiple PEs, but also reduces the multiplexers applied in reconfigurable accelerators. Besides, data forwarding for the same input or weight data in OS reduces the memory bandwidth requirements. The simulation results show that the runtime of the heaviest computational S2 stage in HMAX model is decreased by 5.7%, and the bandwidth required for memory is reduced by 3.53 × on average by different kernel sizes (except for kernel = 12) compared with CoRe16. SAFA also obtains lower power and area costs than other reconfigurable accelerators from synthesis on ASIC.

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Jeong, Geum-Seok, Eun-Young Lee, Myung-Gyun Kang, Sang-Jip Nam, Daeui Park, and Hoon Kim. "(S)-5-Methylmellein Isolated from an Endogenous Lichen Fungus Rosellinia corticium as a Potent Inhibitor of Human Monoamine Oxidase A." Processes 10, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10010166.

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In this study, the inhibitory activities against human monoamine oxidases (hMAOs) were evaluated using a library of 195 endogenous lichen fungi from Ukraine. Among them, the extract ELF68 of the endogenous fungus Rosellinia corticium from the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against hMAO-A. Using the activity-guided method, (S)-5-methylmellein (5MM) was isolated from the extract and had an IC50 value of 5.31 µM for hMAO-A with a lower potency for hMAO-B (IC50 = 9.15 µM). Compound 5MM also moderately inhibited acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 27.07 µM) but very weakly inhibited butyrylcholinesterase and β-secretase. Compound 5MM had a Ki value of 2.45 μM and was a reversible competitive inhibitor of hMAO-A. A molecular docking study predicted that (S)-5MM showed higher binding affinity for hMAO-A (−6.8 kcal/mol) than hMAO-B (−6.4 kcal/mol). Its isomer, (R)-5MM, exhibited lower binding affinities for hMAO-A (−6.6 kcal/mol) and hMAO-B (−5.2 kcal/mol), compared to (S)-5MM. The S-form interacted with hMAO-A through hydrogen bonding with the Phe208 residue (distance: 1.972 Å), while the R-form interacted with the Asn181 residue (2.375 Å). The results of an in silico pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that 5MM did not violate Lipinski’s five rules and showed high gastrointestinal absorption and blood–brain barrier permeability. These results suggest that 5MM can be considered a candidate in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and cardiovascular disease.

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Tomita, Tomohiko, and Masami Nonaka. "Upper-Ocean Mixed Layer and Wintertime Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the North Pacific." Journal of Climate 19, no. 2 (January 15, 2006): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3616.1.

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Abstract In the North Pacific, the wintertime sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA), which is represented by March (SSTAMar), when the upper-ocean mixed layer depth (hMar) reaches its maximum, is formed by the anomalous surface forcing from fall to winter (S′). As a parameter of volume, hMar has a potential to modify the impact of S′ on SSTAMar. Introducing an upper-ocean heat budget equation, the present study identifies the physical relationship among the spatial distributions of hMar, S′, and SSTAMar. The long-term mean of hMar adjusts the spatial distribution of SSTAMar. Without the adjustment, the impact of S′ on SSTAMar is overestimated where the hMar mean is deep. Since hMar is partially due to seawater temperature, it leads to nonlinearity between the S′ and the SSTAMar. When the SSTAMar is negative (positive), the sensitivity to S′ is impervious (responsive) with the deepening (shoaling) of the hMar compared to the linear sensitivity. The thermal impacts from the ocean to the atmosphere might be underestimated under the assumption of the linear relationship.

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Berthelot, Curtis, Diana Podborochynski, Rielle Haichert, Ania Anthony, and Brent Marjerison. "Structural field evaluation of pilot crumb rubber pavement test sections in Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 7 (July 2012): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-061.

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In 2005, Saskatchewan Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure (SMHI) piloted the use of crumb rubber modified hot mix asphalt concrete (HMAC) in test sections on a primary highway. Crumb rubber surfacing did not significantly influence the heavy weight deflectometer measured structural performance of the pavement test sections. Ground penetrating radar analysis showed minimal difference in the surface permittivity of the crumb rubber HMAC and conventional SMHI Type 71 HMAC surfacing. A visual inspection of the test sections found that crumb rubber HMAC had a more open texture that appeared to mask the visual identification of transverse cracks. However, thermal and reflective cracks were observed to be present in both surface types. In summary, crumb rubber modified HMAC pavement in Saskatchewan did not yield significant difference in structural or surface condition compared to conventional SMHI Type 71 HMAC surfacing after 3 years of service in the field.

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Du, Shao Wen, and Chao Fei Liu. "Performance Evaluation of High Modulus Asphalt Mixture with Button Rock Asphalt." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.558.

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In this paper, Button rock asphalt particle was directly added into hot asphalt mixture (HMA) to produced high modulus asphalt mixture (HMAM). In order to evaluate the performance properties of HMAM with BRA, dynamic compressive complex modulus (E*) test, rutting test and moisture resistance test were used to investigate HMAM with BRA and HMA with SBS modifier. Test results indicate BRA can greatly improve dynamic E*and rutting resistance of HMA compared with SBS modified asphalt mixture. Moisture resistance ability of HMAM with BRA has the same level with SBS modified asphalt mixture. Therefore, BRA particle can be used to produce HMAM, which have more superior performance properties than SBS asphalt modifier.

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Deng, Yuehua, and Yani Li. "Surface-Bound Humic Acid Increased Propranolol Sorption on Fe3O4/Attapulgite Magnetic Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020205.

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This study explored the feasibility of utilizing a novel sorbent humic acid (HA) coated Fe3O4/attapulgite (MATP) magnetic nanoparticles (HMATP) for the sorption of propranolol from aqueous solutions. MATP and bare Fe3O4 nanoparticles were also synthesized under similar preparation conditions. The FTIR, Zeta potential, XRD, VSM, TEM, and TGA analyses were conducted to characterize the sorbent materials. The effects of pH, sorbent dosage, ionic strength, HA in the aqueous solution, contact time and initial sorbate concentration on sorption of propranolol were investigated using batch sorption experiments. The results suggested that the sorption capacity of HMATP showed little change from pH 4 to 10. Na+ and Ca2+ slightly inhibited the sorption of propranolol on HMATP. While HA in solution enhanced both MATP and HMATP, which indicated that HMATP can resist HA interference in water. Further, the less leaching amounts of Fe and HA suggested a good stability of HMATP. In all conditions, sorption capacity of propranolol on HMATP was obviously higher than that on MATP, which indicated that surface-coated HA played an important role in the propranolol sorption process. Electrostatic interaction, cation exchange, hydrogen bonding, and π–π electron donor acceptor interactions were considered as the sorption mechanisms.

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Park, Jun-Gyu, Chengjin Ye, Michael S. Piepenbrink, Aitor Nogales, Haifeng Wang, Michael Shuen, Ashley J. Meyers, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, and James J. Kobie. "A Broad and Potent H1-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibody Produced in Plants Prevents Influenza Virus Infection and Transmission in Guinea Pigs." Viruses 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12020167.

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Although seasonal influenza vaccines block most predominant influenza types and subtypes, humans still remain vulnerable to waves of seasonal and new potential pandemic influenza viruses for which no immunity may exist because of viral antigenic drift and/or shift. Previously, we described a human monoclonal antibody (hMAb), KPF1, which was produced in human embryonic kidney 293T cells (KPF1-HEK) with broad and potent neutralizing activity against H1N1 influenza A viruses (IAV) in vitro, and prophylactic and therapeutic activities in vivo. In this study, we produced hMAb KPF1 in tobacco plants (KPF1-Antx) and demonstrated how the plant-produced KPF1-Antx hMAb possesses similar biological activity compared with the mammalian-produced KPF1-HEK hMAb. KPF1-Antx hMAb showed broad binding to recombinant HA proteins and H1N1 IAV, including A/California/04/2009 (pH1N1) in vitro, which was comparable to that observed with KPF1-HEK hMAb. Importantly, prophylactic administration of KPF1-Antx hMAb to guinea pigs prevented pH1N1 infection and transmission in both prophylactic and therapeutic experiments, substantiating its clinical potential to prevent and treat H1N1 infections. Collectively, this study demonstrated, for the first time, a plant-produced influenza hMAb with in vitro and in vivo activity against influenza virus. Because of the many advantages of plant-produced hMAbs, such as rapid batch production, low cost, and the absence of mammalian cell products, they represent an alternative strategy for the production of immunotherapeutics for the treatment of influenza viral infections, including emerging seasonal and/or pandemic strains.

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Xu, Wen-Liang, Jia-Hui Chen, Ai-Hua Weng, Jie Tang, Feng Wang, Chun-Guang Wang, Peng Guo, Yi-Ni Wang, Hao Yang, and Andrey A. Sorokin. "Stagnant slab front within the mantle transition zone controls the formation of Cenozoic intracontinental high-Mg andesites in northeast Asia." Geology 49, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47917.1.

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Abstract The geochemistry of Cenozoic intracontinental high-Mg andesites (HMAs) in northeast Asia, together with regional geophysical data, offers an opportunity to explore the genetic relationship between the formation of intracontinental HMAs and subduction of the Pacific plate. Compared with primary HMAs in arcs, Cenozoic intracontinental HMAs in northeast Asia have lower Mg# [100 × Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)] values (53–56) and CaO contents (5.8–6.6 wt%), higher alkali (Na2O + K2O) contents (5.15–6.45 wt%), and enriched Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7056–0.7059; εNd = −4.9 to −3.4; εHf = −4.7 to −2.6) as well as lower Pb isotope ratios (206Pb/204Pb = 16.76–19.19; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.42–15.45; 208Pb/204Pb = 36.71–37.11). These Cenozoic intracontinental HMAs are similar to Cenozoic potassic basalts in northeast China with respect to their Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic compositions but have higher SiO2 and Al2O3 contents and lower K2O, MgO, and light rare earth element contents. These features indicate that these Cenozoic intracontinental HMAs originated from the mantle, where recycled ancient sediments and water contributed to partial melting of peridotite. Combined with the presence of a large low-resistivity anomaly derived from the mantle transition zone (MTZ) near these intracontinental HMAs, and their occurrence above the stagnant slab front within the MTZ (at 600 km depth) in northeast Asia, we conclude that the stagnant slab front, with high contents of recycled ancient sediments and water, has controlled the formation of Cenozoic intracontinental HMAs in northeast Asia.

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Han, Je-Ho, Sun Jin Choi, Noriyoshi Kurihara, Masanori Koide, Yasuo Oba, and G. David Roodman. "Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α is an osteoclastogenic factor in myeloma that is independent of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand." Blood 97, no. 11 (June 1, 2001): 3349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v97.11.3349.

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A complementary DNA expression library derived from marrow samples from myeloma patients was recently screened and human macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (hMIP-1α) was identified as an osteoclastogenic factor expressed in these samples. hMIP-1α enhanced osteoclast (OCL) formation in human marrow cultures and by highly purified OCL precursors in a dose-dependent manner (5-200 pg/mL). Furthermore, hMIP-1α enhanced OCL formation induced by human interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is produced by marrow stromal cells when they interact with myeloma cells. hMIP-1α also enhanced OCL formation induced by parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), factors also implicated in myeloma bone disease. Time-course studies revealed that the hMIP-1α acted during the last 2 weeks of the 3-week culture period. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the chemokine receptors for hMIP-1α (CCR1 and CCR5) were expressed by human bone marrow and highly purified early OCL precursors. Furthermore, hMIP-1α did not increase expression of RANKL. These data demonstrate that hMIP-1α is an osteoclastogenic factor that appears to act directly on human OCL progenitors and acts at the later stages of OCL differentiation. These data further suggest that in patients with myeloma, MIP-1α produced by myeloma cells, in combination with RANKL and IL-6 that are produced by marrow stromal cells in response to myeloma cells, enhances OCL formation through their combined effects on OCL precursors.

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Jeong, Geum Seok, Prima F. Hillman, Myung-Gyun Kang, Sungbo Hwang, Jong-Eun Park, Sang-Jip Nam, Daeui Park, and Hoon Kim. "Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human Monoamine Oxidase A from an Endogenous Lichen Fungus Diaporthe mahothocarpus." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 10 (October 18, 2021): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7100876.

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Using 126 endogenous lichen fungus (ELF) extracts, inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and cholinesterases (ChEs) were evaluated. Among them, extract ELF29 of the endogenous fungus Diaporthe mahothocarpus of the lichen Cladonia symphycarpia showed the highest inhibitory activity against hMAO-A. Compounds alternariol (AT), 5′-hydroxy-alternariol (HAT), and mycoepoxydiene (MED), isolated from the extract, had potent inhibitory activities against hMAO-A with IC50 values of 0.020, 0.31, and 8.68 µM, respectively. AT, HAT, and MED are reversible competitive inhibitors of hMAO-A with Ki values of 0.0075, 0.116, and 3.76 µM, respectively. The molecular docking studies suggested that AT, HAT, and MED had higher binding affinities for hMAO-A (−9.1, −6.9, and −5.6 kcal/mol, respectively) than for hMAO-B (−6.3, −5.2, and −3.7 kcal/mol, respectively). The relative tight binding might result from a hydrogen bond interaction of the three compounds with a Tyr444 residue in hMAO-A, whereas no hydrogen bond interaction was proposed in hMAO-B. In silico pharmacokinetics, the three compounds showed high gastrointestinal absorption without violating Lipinski’s five rules, but only MED showed high probability to cross the blood–brain barrier. These results suggest that AT, HAT, and MED are candidates for treating neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and cardiovascular disease.

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Fibriansah, Guntur, Kristie D. Ibarra, Thiam-Seng Ng, Scott A. Smith, Joanne L. Tan, Xin-Ni Lim, Justin S. G. Ooi, et al. "Cryo-EM structure of an antibody that neutralizes dengue virus type 2 by locking E protein dimers." Science 349, no. 6243 (July 2, 2015): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa8651.

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There are four closely-related dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. Infection with one serotype generates antibodies that may cross-react and enhance infection with other serotypes in a secondary infection. We demonstrated that DENV serotype 2 (DENV2)–specific human monoclonal antibody (HMAb) 2D22 is therapeutic in a mouse model of antibody-enhanced severe dengue disease. We determined the cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of HMAb 2D22 complexed with two different DENV2 strains. HMAb 2D22 binds across viral envelope (E) proteins in the dimeric structure, which probably blocks the E protein reorganization required for virus fusion. HMAb 2D22 “locks” two-thirds of or all dimers on the virus surface, depending on the strain, but neutralizes these DENV2 strains with equal potency. The epitope defined by HMAb 2D22 is a potential target for vaccines and therapeutics.

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Komrokji, Rami S. "Searching for a Light at the End of the Tunnel? Beyond Hypomethylating Agents in Myelodysplastic Syndromes." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 36 (May 2016): e345-e352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/edbk_161221.

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Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are the mainstay treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Hypomethylating agents remain the only treatment, other than allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), that improves overall survival (OS) for patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. It is crucial to maximize the benefit of HMAs by selecting the appropriate dosing and schedule and continuing therapy until clear evidence of lack of response or failure of therapy. Strategies to improve outcome with HMAs include identifying tools and biomarkers for better patient selection, namely the ability to identify those who achieve complete response (CR) or long duration of response, combination strategies with HMAs aim to improve response rate or its duration. The outcome of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes after HMA failure is poor for both patients with higher-risk and lower-risk disease and represents an unmet medical need. The best outcomes after HMA failure are reported with AHSCT or novel agents in clinical trials. This article discusses the maximizing benefit of HMAs, offers strategies to improve outcome with HMAs, and, finally, reviews selected novel agents in development after HMA failure.

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Yatsenko, A. V., S. V. Medvedev, and L. A. Aslanov. "Crystal and molecular structure of C6H5SnCl3(HMPA)2 (HMPA=Hexamethylphosphoric triamide)." Journal of Structural Chemistry 33, no. 1 (1992): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00753070.

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Morelle, A. M., A. Frasson, F. Zerwes, S. Alves, G. Devenz, C. M. Silveira, A. V. Nectoux, M. Wagner, and B. Garicochea. "Evaluation of mRNA markers for micrometastases detection by RT-PCR in lymph nodes (LN), peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of breast cancer patients (pts)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 20068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.20068.

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20068 Background: Previous RT-PCR study showed that hMAM and CEA mRNA could be detected in 95% and 78% breast carcinomas, respectively. Analyzed in normal LN, these two markers were the only ones not expressed, compared to other mRNA markers which could be detected in a variable number of cases (Marchetti 2001). We evaluate the expression of CEA and hMAM mRNA in breast cancer pts in order to investigate if the identification of these transcripts could be correlated to in the LN, PB and BM. Methods: Tumor, normal gland, LN and PB were obtained from 49 breast cancer pts who have been referred to surgery during the period of Jun/2000 to Jan/2004.BM could be obtained from 21 of these cases. Before the manipulation of the tumor, 5 mL of PB was collected and 5 mL of BM was aspirated from the iliac crest. First level axillary LN were sectioned in two. One of the halves was immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. CEA and hMAM transcripts have been analysed by RT-PCR. Results: Tumors were positive for CEA in 38 (77.6%) cases and LN were positive in 15 cases (36.7%). 6/49 pts expressed CEA in normal breast (12.2%). Five of these, tumor also expressed CEA. Two pts (4.1%) showed CEA expression in PB and in BM. One patient expressed CEA in BM but not in PB. All pts that showed expression in PB, BM and LN, also showed transcript of CEA in tumor. hMAM transcripts were found in 39 (79.6%) normal gland tissue and in 41 of tumor samples (85.7%). LN were positive to hMAM in 12 cases (24.5%). 5 of these (10.2%) were also positive in PB and BM samples. The pts showing hMAM expression in PB, BM and LN also showed its expression in neoplasic tissue. Analyzing both markers, two pts showed the expression of CEA and hMAM in the PB and BM samples. In 21 of the 49 cases the comparison of hMAM and CEA was possible to be performed in all tissues. CEA and hMAM expression associated to larger number of LN affected. Conclusions: CEA and hMAM transcripts can be detected in majority of breast cancer tissue. Specificity of hMAM seems to be higher than CEA, which can be detected in more than 10% of non-tumor breast tissue. Synchronicity of CEA or hMAM expression in the tumor and in extra-mammary sites was high, suggesting that these markers may provide an interesting strategy for follow-up micrometastatic disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Hou, Zhaomin, Kimiko Kobayashi, and Hiroshi Yamazaki. "Lanthanoid Complexes with Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) Ligand. Preparation and Crystal Structure of Ytterbium Complexes of HMPA, [Yb(H2O)5(HMPA)2]Cl3·H2O·HMPA and YbCl3(HMPA)3." Chemistry Letters 20, no. 2 (February 1991): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1991.265.

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Khromova, N. Y., S. I. Malekin, S. A. Gavrilova, S. V. Kotelevtsev, and Yu V. Kotelevtsev. "Hypotensive effect of bi-potassium salt of 1-hexadecyl-2-methylcarbamoylphosphatidic acid in rats with renovascular hypertension." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 17, no. 4 (December 24, 2018): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2018-4-163-170.

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The study describes the synthesis and hypotensive effects of stable platelet activation factor (PAF) precursor 1-hexadecyl-2-m ethylcarbamoyl-phosphatidic acid (HMCP) оn outbred Wistar rats with 1-kidney 1-clip (1K1C) renovascular hypertension. Intravenous injection of 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg HMCP resulted in a sharp decline of up to 50% of MAP with subsequent restoration to initial level. In some hypertensive 1K1C rats HMCP has a prolonged effect with blood pressure stabilized at 75% of initial level after 30 min post injection. HMCP was toxic at higher doses with a LD50 around 3 mg/kg.

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Rodríguez Pulecio, Sara Aida, María Cristina Moré Farias, and Roberto Martins Souza. "Analysis of the effects of conical indentation variables on the indentation response of elastic–plastic materials through factorial design of experiment." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 3 (March 2009): 1222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0124.

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In this work, the effects of conical indentation variables on the load–depth indentation curves were analyzed using finite element modeling and dimensional analysis. A factorial design 26 was used with the aim of quantifying the effects of the mechanical properties of the indented material and of the indenter geometry. Analysis was based on the input variables Y/E, R/hmax, n, θ, E, and hmax. The dimensional variables E and hmax were used such that each value of dimensionless Y/E was obtained with two different values of E and each value of dimensionless R/hmax was obtained with two different hmax values. A set of dimensionless functions was defined to analyze the effect of the input variables: Π1 = Pl/Eh2, Π2 = hc/h, Π3 = H/Y, Π4= S/Ehmax, Π6 = hmax/hf, and Π7 = Wp/WT. These six functions were found to depend only on the dimensionless variables studied (Y/E, R/hmax, n, θ). Another dimensionless function, Π5 = β, was not well defined for most of the dimensionless variables and the only variable that provided a significant effect on β was θ. However, β showed a strong dependence on the fraction of the data selected to fit the unloading curve, which means that β is especially susceptible to the error in the calculation of the initial unloading slope.

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Pandey, Atul, and Nisha Gupta. "An energy efficient hybrid MAC protocol for smart home networks." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 18, no. 1 (2021): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee2101063p.

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In this paper cluster-based hybrid MAC (CB-HMAC) protocol, based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC is proposed for smart home networks. The CB-HMAC is specially designed for short packet transmission in a dense home network environment. Simulation results show that the proposed CB-HMAC is more energy-efficient than other medium access control (MAC) protocols without sacrificing much delay and throughput.

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Journal articles on the topic 'HMAP'

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