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Journal articles on the topic 'Hob'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Song, Jiangtao, Wenrong Song, and Lei Zhang. "LncRNA RP1-85F18.6 affects osteoblast cells by regulating the cell cycle." Open Life Sciences 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2020-0090.

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AbstractA lncRNA RP1-85F18.6 was reported to affect cell growth by regulating the cell cycle. Here we tested whether it affects the proliferation of osteoblast cells by regulating the cell cycle. We determined the expression of RP1-85F18.6 in two osteoblast cell lines hFOB and HOB by qPCR. Then we knocked down or overexpressed RP1-85F18.6 in hFOB and tested the alteration of viability, cell cycle, and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Results showed that both hFOB and HOB expressed RP1-85F18.6. The knockdown of RP1-85F18.6 decreased the viability of hFOB, while the overexpression of it increased the viability. Higher expression of RP1-85F18.6 results in higher cell viability. The knockdown of RP1-85F18.6 caused an increase in the S phase cells and a decrease in the G2/M phase cells. The overexpression of RP1-85F18.6 caused a decrease in the S phase cells and an increase in the G2/M phase cells. The knockdown of RP1-85F18.6 decreased cyclin A, cdk1, E2F, cyclin B, p53, and p21, whereas the overexpression of RP1-85F18.6 increased cyclin A, cdk1, E2F, cyclin B, p53, and p21. This study demonstrated that RP1-85F18.6 is expressed in osteoblast cell lines hFOB and HOB. RP1-85F18.6 affects the proliferation of osteoblasts by regulating the cell cycle.

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2

Wang, Zhe, Wen Yu Zhao, Li Wei Xu, and Qi Mu. "Analysis of Genotoxicity and Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Aniline Industrial Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.472.

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Effluent of aniline wastewater treatment from a company was isolated and fractionated by resin adsorption method into six different fractions. These fractions are operationally categorized as hydrophobic acids (HOA), hydrophobic bases (HOB), hydrophobic neutrals (HON), hydrophilic acids (HIA), hydrophilic bases (HIB) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet-visible (UV) and genotoxicity of each fractions were determined. The results showed that hydrophobic matter is the main fractions of DOC and makes the main contributions to the genotoxicity of effluent of aniline wastewater treatment.

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3

Mikkelsen, Kristian H., Thomas Seifert, Niels H. Secher, Thomas Grøndal, and Gerrit van Hall. "Systemic, Cerebral and Skeletal Muscle Ketone Body and Energy Metabolism During Acute Hyper-D-β-Hydroxybutyratemia in Post-Absorptive Healthy Males." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 100, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-2608.

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Abstract Context: Ketone bodies are substrates during fasting and when on a ketogenic diet not the least for the brain and implicated in the management of epileptic seizures and dementia. Moreover, D-β-hydroxybutyrate (HOB) is suggested to reduce blood glucose and fatty acid levels. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to quantitate systemic, cerebral, and skeletal muscle HOB utilization and its effect on energy metabolism. Design: Single trial. Setting: Hospital. Participant: Healthy post-absorptive males (n = 6). Interventions: Subjects were studied under basal condition and three consecutive 1-hour periods with a 3-, 6-, and 12-fold increased HOB concentration via HOB infusion. Main Outcome Measures: Systemic, cerebral, and skeletal muscle HOB kinetics, oxidation, glucose turnover, and lipolysis via arterial, jugular, and femoral venous differences in combination with stable isotopically labeled HOB, glucose, and glycerol, infusion. Results: An increase in HOB from the basal 160–450 μmol/L elicited 14 ± 2% reduction (P = .03) in glucose appearance and 37 ± 4% decrease (P = .03) in lipolytic rate while insulin and glucagon were unchanged. Endogenous HOB appearance was reduced in a dose-dependent manner with complete inhibition at the highest HOB concentration (1.7 mmol/L). Cerebral HOB uptake and subsequent oxidation was linearly related to the arterial HOB concentration. Resting skeletal muscle HOB uptake showed saturation kinetics. Conclusion: A small increase in the HOB concentration decreases glucose production and lipolysis in post-absorptive healthy males. Moreover, cerebral HOB uptake and oxidation rates are linearly related to the arterial HOB concentration of importance for modifying brain energy utilization, potentially of relevance for patients with epileptic seizures and dementia.

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4

Hu, Zhan Qi, and Yu Kun Li. "Design of 4-Axis Reconfigurable CNC Machine Tool for Relief Grinding Sphere Gear Hob." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.561.

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a new 4-axis machine tool, which is used to relief grind sphere gear hob including spherical hob, elliptic hob and arc surface hob, is developed. The principle of machining of spherical hob is introduced first. Transmitting system, numerical system and some key techniques are then introduced. The machine tool can be reconfigured when machining of arc worms and spatial cams beside of machining spherical hob. Four forms of the machine tool for machining different workpiece are also introduced.

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5

Radzevich, Stephen P. "Design of a Special-Purpose Hob With Prescribed Value of the Hob-Setting Angle for Machining of Cluster Gear." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 4 (May 10, 2006): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2437807.

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This paper aims to develop of a robust analytical approach for computation of the principal design parameters for a special-purpose involute hob for machining of cluster gear. The specific combination of design parameters for a precision hob with particular value of the hob-setting angle is given. This combination of parameters includes (a) the hob outside diameter, (b) the base diameter of the hob, and (c) the required value of the hob-setting angle. The specific combination of these design parameters for the involute hob determined here allows machining of cluster gear with the shortest possible neck width. Numerous computer codes for computation of the design parameters of an involute hob are developed using the commercial software MathCAD-Scientific. Application of the special-purpose hob would allow reduction of size and weight of both the cluster gear itself and the whole gear transmission including housing. The reported results of the research are ready for application in industry.

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6

Dantes, Raymund B., Lilian M. Abbo, Deverick Anderson, Lisa Hall, Jennifer H. Han, Anthony D. Harris, Surbhi Leekha, et al. "Hospital epidemiologists’ and infection preventionists’ opinions regarding hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia as a potential healthcare-associated infection metric." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 40, no. 05 (April 1, 2019): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2019.40.

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AbstractObjective:To ascertain opinions regarding etiology and preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB) and perspectives on HOB as a potential outcome measure reflecting quality of infection prevention and hospital care.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Participants:Hospital epidemiologists and infection preventionist members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network.Methods:A web-based, multiple-choice survey was administered via the SHEA Research Network to 133 hospitals.Results:A total of 89 surveys were completed (67% response rate). Overall, 60% of respondents defined HOB as a positive blood culture on or after hospital day 3. Central line-associated bloodstream infections and intra-abdominal infections were perceived as the most frequent etiologies. Moreover, 61% thought that most HOB events are preventable, and 54% viewed HOB as a measure reflecting a hospital’s quality of care. Also, 29% of respondents’ hospitals already collect HOB data for internal purposes. Given a choice to publicly report central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) and/or HOB, 57% favored reporting either HOB alone (22%) or in addition to CLABSI (35%) and 34% favored CLABSI alone.Conclusions:Among the majority of SHEA Research Network respondents, HOB is perceived as preventable, reflective of quality of care, and potentially acceptable as a publicly reported quality metric. Further studies on HOB are needed, including validation as a quality measure, assessment of risk adjustment, and formation of evidence-based bundles and toolkits to facilitate measurement and improvement of HOB rates.

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7

Sovilj-Nikić, Sandra, Bogdan Sovilj, Gyula Varga, Nicolae Ungureanu, and Vladimir Blanuša. "Analysis of the tool life of coated hob milling tools for gear cutting of cylindrical gear." MATEC Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818403011.

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The improvement of the gear cutting process by hob milling is also significant for the producers of gears as well as for the producers of hob milling tools. Due to the complexity of the process, the high values of the gears, and in particular the hob milling tool, the research of the bases for optimizing the process of gear cutting by hob milling requires significant financial resources and significant efforts of the researchers. In the modern production of gears there is a continuous demand for increasing the economy. In the gear cutting process improvements of the production equipment and materials for the cutting elements of the hob milling tools are necessary. In this paper an analysis of the tool life of coated hob milling tools for gear cutting of cylindrical gears is given. The experimental results have shown that the hob milling tools with inserted combs coated with TiAlN outperform the hob milling tools with inserted combs coated with TiN. They have higher resistance of 60.6 %.

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8

Piotrowski, Andrzej. "Hob Identification Methods." Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12913/22998624/81801.

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9

Hu, Yong, Jingan Song, Yu Lei Wang, Ming Jun Xiang, and Fu Hua Peng. "The Use and Grinding of the New Configuring Finishing Hob." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.800.

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This paper aimed at demonstrating advantages of a new configuring finishing hob. The features in use of the new configuring finishing hob was discussed. The advantages of the new configuring finishing hob was demonstrated. The principles that eliminate machining errors by modulating the mounting parameters, and that prolong the life span of the new configuring finishing hob were proposed. This paper is of great importance to the rationality in use, specifying tolerances, and excavating the potential of the new configuring finishing hob.

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10

Ouyang, Ba Sheng, Guo Xiang Lin, and Chun Liang Zhang. "The Key Technology of Hob Design for Hobbing Screw Compressor Rotors with Cycloid-Arc Profile." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.823.

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The profile of cycloid-arc screw compressor rotors is not a smooth profile, and it has a tip on it. When designing the hob cutter is used for machining this kind of rotors, the profile of hob edge will appear separation. In this paper, the design theory of hob cutter for hobbing the no-symmetric cycloid-arc rotor with tip profile is researched, and the best way for design this kind of hob cutter with a separate edge is attained according to practical design, manufacture and test. Its results are shown that it is good practice to design the hob cutter and hob the cycloid-arc rotor. Thus, the machining method for hobbing screw compressor can enhance high productivity and machining accuracy.

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11

Dudás, Illés, and Sándor Bodzás. "Mathematical model to determination of resharpening territory of Conical Hob." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 8, no. 2 (May 12, 2014): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2014.2.45-50.

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Based on the general mathematical model of Illés Dudás which is appropriate for mathematical modelling of production technology methods we have worked out a model for resharpening analysis of conical hob. After the hob resharpening using numerical calculations the determination of the tooth surface of face gear by cutting edges is necessary for the analysis. Based on this methods we could calculate the permissible critical angle of the hob and the profiles of the hob and the face gear in axial section. The permissible critical angle of the hob is the critical angle the hob cutting edge of which manufactured face gear profile is situated in the permissible profile error tolerance. We have worked out a new geometric conical worm gear drive that is the conical worm gear drive having arched profile. Using this mathematical model we have done resharpening analysis for the hob having arched profile and determined the permissible critical angle.

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12

Zhao, K. J., Zheng Xing Cui, Ke Zhang, De Hong Zhao, and Hong Sun. "The Structural Design and Analysis of the Rock Hob Test-Bed." Advanced Materials Research 188 (March 2011): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.188.511.

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Hob plays an important role in the efficiency of Tunnel Boring machine (TBM). In this paper, a rock hob test-bed is designed and developed by the software of SolidWorks, and analysis of force and deformation of the test-bed is carried by the finite element method.The new rock hob test-bed includes the framework、moving workbench and its hydraulic system、hob saddle system and its hydraulic system, and measurement and control system. The improvement methods of the structure to decrease the maximum stress are showed in this paper. The research shows that the structural design of the rock hob test-bed is reasonable; its function meets experimental requirements of rock cutting; in the case of maximum load, the stress and deformation of the rock hob test-bed are less than their allowable value of materials. The research results are very helpful to understand the working mechanism and improving the structure design of the cutter-head of TBM.

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13

Zhu, Chun Xia, Wen Wen Liu, Wei Wang, and Li Da Zhu. "Static Analysis of Double-Edged Rock-Breaking Hob Based on Finite Element." Applied Mechanics and Materials 415 (September 2013): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.415.502.

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Double-edged hob is commonly used as a tunneling tool when the shield machine works and it is easy to failure due to its insufficient strength in the rock breaking process. In order to solve this problem, the paper used the theory of finite element to do static simulation analysis of the hob. Firstly, the paper generated a three-dimensional model by using the software Pro/E based on a constant cross section double-edged cutter. Then, the maximum stress, maximum strain and their distributions on the double-edged hob could be obtained from static analysis based on the finite element analysis software ABAQUS. Finally, we could get the conclusion that double-edged hob met strength requirements in the test load conditions by comparing the maximum stress and yield strength of hob material. The results of static simulation analysis provided reference to material selection and optimization design of the double-edged hob and cutter head.

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14

Wu, Shan-Shan, Qiu-Hua Liang, Yuan Liu, Rong-Rong Cui, Ling-Qing Yuan, and Er-Yuan Liao. "Omentin-1 Stimulates Human Osteoblast Proliferation through PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway." International Journal of Endocrinology 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/368970.

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It has been presumed that adipokines deriving from adipose tissue may play important roles in bone metabolism. Omentin-1, a novel adipokine, which is selectively expressed in visceral adipose tissue, has been reported to stimulate proliferation and inhibit differentiation of mouse osteoblast. However, little information refers to the effect of omentin-1 on human osteoblast (hOB) proliferation. The current study examined the potential effects of omentin-1 on proliferation in hOB and the signal pathway involved. Omentin-1 promoted hOB proliferation in a dose-dependent manner as determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Western blot analysis revealed that omentin-1 induced activation of Akt (phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase downstream effector) and such effect was impeded by transfection of hOB with Akt-siRNA. Furthermore, LY294002 (a selective PI3K inhibitor) and HIMO (a selective Akt inhibitor) abolished the omentin-1-induced hOB proliferation. These findings indicate that omentin-1 induces hOB proliferation via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and suggest that osteoblast is a direct target of omentin-1.

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15

Lang, Shih-Shan, Amber Valeri, Bingqing Zhang, Phillip B. Storm, Gregory G. Heuer, Lauren Leavesley, Richard Bellah, et al. "Head of bed elevation in pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 26, no. 5 (November 2020): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.4.peds20102.

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OBJECTIVEHead of bed (HOB) elevation to 30° after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become standard positioning across all age groups. This maneuver is thought to minimize the risk of elevated ICP in the hopes of decreasing cerebral blood and fluid volume and increasing cerebral venous outflow with improvement in jugular venous drainage. However, HOB elevation is based on adult population data due to a current paucity of pediatric TBI studies regarding HOB management. In this prospective study of pediatric patients with severe TBI, the authors investigated the role of different head positions on intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and cerebral venous outflow through the internal jugular veins (IJVs) on postinjury days 2 and 3 because these time periods are considered the peak risk for intracranial hypertension.METHODSPatients younger than 18 years with a Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8 after severe TBI were prospectively recruited at a single quaternary pediatric intensive care unit. All patients had an ICP monitor placed, and no other neurosurgical procedure was performed. On the 2nd and 3rd days postinjury, the degree of HOB elevation was varied between 0° (head-flat or horizontal), 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, and 50° while ICP, CPP, and bilateral IJV blood flows were recorded.RESULTSEighteen pediatric patients with severe TBI were analyzed. On each postinjury day, 13 of the 18 patients had at least 1 optimal HOB position (the position that simultaneously demonstrated the lowest ICP and the highest CPP). Six patients on each postinjury day had 30° as the optimal HOB position, with only 2 being the same patient on both postinjury days. On postinjury day 2, 3 patients had more than 1 optimal HOB position, while 5 patients did not have an optimal position. On postinjury day 3, 2 patients had more than 1 optimal HOB position while 5 patients did not have an optimal position. Interestingly, 0° (head-flat or horizontal) was the optimal HOB position in 2 patients on postinjury day 2 and 3 patients on postinjury day 3. The optimal HOB position demonstrated lower right IJV blood flow than a nonoptimal position on both postinjury days 2 (p = 0.0023) and 3 (p = 0.0033). There was no significant difference between optimal and nonoptimal HOB positions in the left IJV blood flow.CONCLUSIONSIn pediatric patients with severe TBI, the authors demonstrated that the optimal HOB position (which decreases ICP and improves CPP) is not always at 30°. Instead, the optimal HOB should be individualized for each pediatric TBI patient on a daily basis.

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16

Radzevich, Stephen P. "Investigation of the Tooth Geometry of a Hob for Machining of Involute Gears (in the Tool-in-Use Reference System)." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 129, no. 4 (February 20, 2007): 750–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2738096.

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This paper is aiming at development of an analytical approach for computation of the geometrical parameters of cutting edges of an involute hob. It is well recognized that the involute hob geometry strongly affects the cutting tool performance, as well as the efficiency of gear hobbing operation. It is proven experimentally and by industrial practice that the optimal value of every geometrical parameter of the tool cutting edge exists and, thus, it can be found out. A method for computation of the cutting edge geometry is necessary for optimization of parameters of a gear hobbing operation. In this paper, an analytical method for the computation of the cutting edge geometry of a gear hob is reported. The method is based on wide application of elements of vector calculus and matrices. The analysis is performed in the tool-in-use reference system. An equation of the penetration curve is derived. The machining zone is partitioned onto several different sectors. The roughing sector and the generating sector are distinguished. Generating of the work-gear tooth profile occurs within the generating sector that is bounded by the penetration curve. The derived equations, as well as the worked-out computer codes are applicable for computation of the cutting edge geometry at any point of the cutting edge of the hob, and at a any instant of time. The equations and the computer codes enable one estimating the impact of (a) the hob diameter, (b) the hob number of starts, (c) the work-gear number of teeth, (d) the hob feed rate, and (e) the hob rotation onto the actual values of the geometrical parameters of the hob cutting edges. Numerical results of the investigation are computed using commercial software MATHCAD-SCIENTIFIC. The results of the computation of the cutting edge geometry of the involute hob enable the user (a) to avoid not-feasible values of any and all geometrical parameters of the cutting edge of the hob teeth, (b) to develop parameters of the hob grinding and reliving operations, which guaranteed the optimal values of any and all geometrical parameters of the hob cutting edges. Ultimately, the application of the hobs with optimal geometry of the cutting edges will result in an increase in the cutting tool performance and in the efficiency of the gear hobbing operation. The latter is of critical importance for high volute production of involute gears for the needs of the automotive industry. The reported research results are ready to be put into practice.

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17

Dantes, Raymund B., Clare Rock, Aaron M. Milstone, Jesse T. Jacob, Sheri Chernetsky-Tejedor, Anthony D. Harris, and Surbhi Leekha. "Preventability of hospital onset bacteremia and fungemia: A pilot study of a potential healthcare-associated infection outcome measure." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 40, no. 3 (February 18, 2019): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2018.339.

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AbstractHospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB), a potential measure of healthcare-associated infections, was evaluated in a pilot study among 60 patients across 3 hospitals. Two-thirds of all HOB events and half of nonskin commensal HOB events were judged as potentially preventable. Follow-up studies are needed to further develop this measure.

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18

Villa, I., E. Mrak, A. Rubinacci, F. Ravasi, and F. Guidobono. "CGRP inhibits osteoprotegerin production in human osteoblast-like cells via cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 291, no. 3 (September 2006): C529—C537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00354.2005.

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The osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) system was evaluated as a potential target of CGRP anabolic activity on bone. Primary cultures of human osteoblast-like cells (hOB) express calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity modifying protein 1, and, because CGRP stimulates cAMP (one of the modulators of OPG production in osteoblasts), it was investigated whether it affects OPG secretion and expression in hOB. CGRP treatment of hOB (10−11 M–10−7 M) dose-dependently inhibited OPG secretion with an EC50 of 1.08 × 10−10 M, and also decreased its expression. This action was blocked by the antagonist CGRP8–37. Forskolin, a stimulator of cAMP production, and dibutyryl cAMP also reduced the production of OPG. CGRP (10−8 M) enhanced protein kinase A (PKA) activity in hOB, and hOB exposure to the PKA inhibitor, H89 (2 × 10−6 M), abolished the inhibitory effect of CGRP on OPG secretion. Conditioned media from CGRP-treated hOB increased the number of multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells and the secretion of cathepsin K in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with the conditioned media of untreated hOB. These results show that the cAMP/PKA pathway is involved in the CGRP inhibition of OPG mRNA and protein secretion in hOB and that this effect favors osteoclastogenesis. CGRP could thus modulate the balance between osteoblast and osteoclast activity, participating in the fine tuning of all of the bone remodeling phases necessary for the subsequent anabolic effect.

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19

SHI Zhao-yao, 石照耀, 于渤 YU Bo, 叶勇 YE Yong, and 闫璐 YAN Lu. "Hourglass hob measuring machine." Optics and Precision Engineering 23, no. 10 (2015): 2827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20152310.2827.

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20

Shchekin, A. V., E. V. Mitin, and S. P. Sul’din. "CAD-assisted hob design." Russian Engineering Research 33, no. 5 (May 2013): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x13050158.

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21

Pelmann, H. K. "News from HOB CerTec." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 40, no. 9-10 (September 1999): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02764187.

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22

WULFFRAAT, STEPHAN, and JOHN MORRISON. "Measuring biological indicators for status assessment of the heart of Borneo." Environmental Conservation 40, no. 3 (March 21, 2013): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892913000064.

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SUMMARYThe ultimate measure of the success or failure of conservation initiatives in an area will be the ecological health of that area and the sustainability of institutions which support that ecological health. Heretofore, no comprehensive data has been presented about the current conservation state of the area known as the Heart of Borneo (HoB), a mostly intact subset of the island of Borneo, which is an international conservation priority. This paper identifies a set of indicators representative of the biodiversity status of the HoB; collecting and analysing data concerning these indicators and combining these data with supplemental conservation information should provide an accurate assessment of the overall conservation state of the HoB. Based on the indicators identified in this study, the general biodiversity status of the HoB is rated as good, or viable, although there are specific elements of concern. Using the threat indicators identified in this study, the overall threat level is medium. Major threats from industrial forest conversion and mining currently exist mainly on the edges of the HoB, but are likely to expand further inland without any intervention simply based on proximity. Though most habitats within (but not outside) the HoB are generally intact, the current protected area system is insufficiently representative of the natural ecosystems of the HoB area and its management effectiveness is as yet unknown.

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23

Wang, Yan Zhong, Liang Wei Hou, Yan Qiang Liu, Rong Shen, Can Hui Wu, Hong Xia Ge, Zu Zhi Zhang, Wu Zou, and Yuan Li. "Research on Machining Method of Complex Surface Face Gears." Applied Mechanics and Materials 163 (April 2012): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.163.233.

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This paper describes the machining method of complex surface face gear used CNC machine tools and hob cutter, Based on surface characteristics and gear hob principle. A coordinate transformation process is explained in detail in the five axes CNC machining of complex parts. A CNC hob method is proposed about surface orthogonal gear. An experiment is done for validating the method.

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24

Zhu, Li Da, Ji Jiang Wu, Chun Guang Liu, Wen Wen Liu, and Shuai Xu. "Research on Simulation Process of Rock Broken by TBM Hob." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.633.

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The rock broken process was simulated by using finite element method based on the hob broken rock mechanism. The rock broken shape was analyzed by adjustment numbers of hobs and angles of hob. The destruction of rock was the presence of both compressive failure and shear failure. The main destruction of rock was compressive failure with single hob. The main destruction of rock was shear failure with multiple hobs. It could be found that the main destruction of hard and brittle rock was shear failure but shear failure of softer rock was relatively small through rock breaking process of three hob in different sequentially angles.

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25

Han, Yun, and Su Ting Ma. "The Relationship between THMFP and the Variation of Fluorescence Characteristic of DOM among the Different Bio-Treatment Processes." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 2042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2042.

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from different biological treated wastewater in secondary effluent of different municipal wastewater treated plants are isolated and fractionated using resin adsorption into five different fractions: hydrophobic bases (HOB), hydrophobic acids (HOA), hydrophilic bases (HIB), hydrophilic acids (HIA) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN). The characteristics of three dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3DEEM) and disinfection by-products formation potential (THMFP) of each fraction are investigated. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of different biological processes on THMs generation and transformation. The results show that for each municipal wastewater treated plant, HIA and HOA fractions content more fulvic-like acid and humic-like acid, which are the important matter to result the higher THMFP. THMFP of HIA rang from 736μg/L to 359μg/L in the secondary effluent. It shows that acidic organic matters are important THMs precursors, especially fulvic-like acids and humic-like acids. The Orbal oxidation ditch process can lead to the highest THMFP, and secondly is the Convert A2/O process.

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26

Frumuşanu, Gabriel, Virgil Teodor, and Nicolae Oancea. "Graphical Method in CATIA to Profile the Hob Mill for Generating the Slitting Saw Cutter Teeth." Applied Mechanics and Materials 811 (November 2015): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.811.85.

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The generation of the ordinate surfaces whirl attached to a centrode (e.g. cylindrical or helical gears teeth generation) with a hob mill is an efficient method, also recommended in machining the teeth of slitting saw cutter with high dimensions. Profiling the hob mill conjugated to the disc-tool (slitting saw cutter) teeth, depending on its tooth profile, is a specific problem. There are known both analytical methods to profile the hob mill – e.g. the Gohman method (which uses an intermediary surface – the reference rack-gear), and graphical methods (developed in AutoCAD). A profiling method, which uses the CATIA environment facilities in graphical design, laying on the principle of helical motion de-composition (Nikolaev theorem) has been recently suggested. In this paper, we present a method for hob mill profiling, in graphical form, based on a complementary theorem (the Minimum distance method). The reference rack-gear, conjugated to the disc-tool teeth, is firstly profiled and then, by starting from it, the peripheral surface of the hob mill for machining the slitting saw cutter teeth is determined.

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Yang, Kai Ming, Zhao Zhao Liu, Wei Fang Wang, and Li Wen Guan. "Accurate Mathematical Model of Profile Curve Generated by Pre-Grinding Hob and Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Gear Generation." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.612.

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This paper illustrates a method to establish the theoretical equations of profile curve of gear teeth generated by the pre-grinding hob. Matrix computation and differential geometry are employed to derive the equations. Graphics of numerical examples based on the mathematical equations are interpreted using Matlab. The proposed model draws the conclusion about the proper parameters of the teeth profile for the optimization of hob design for industrial application. Furthermore, a three-dimensional model of the pre-grinding hob is built with Pro/E in parametric form as a supplementary approach. It is a descriptive-geometry-based method to generate the gear directly without mathematical derivation. By changing parameters that affect the geometry of a hob tooth profile the hobbing cutter can be constructed to generate any conjugated gear through the motion simulation. With the aid of exact mathematical model and computer program, efficiency of gear machining can be improved by eliminating the traditional trial and error procedure. Keywords-pre-grinding hob; antenna; differential geometry; theoretical equation; parametric design; simulation of generation.

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Sohn, Jonghyeon, and Nogill Park. "Study on the influence of gear hobbing and shaft misalignments on the geometric interference of cylindrical worm gear set." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 24 (September 28, 2016): 4646–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216671543.

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Geometric interference can occur in cylindrical worm gear set that makes use of oversized hob to cut the worm gear. In particular, the interference occurs easily in the design with high lead and low pressure angles. The interference results in a corner contact. In this study, we examined the influence of the machine tool setting errors of the worm gear hobbing and the influence of the shaft misalignments of the worm gear set on the interference. To determine the interference, we used the surface separation topology based on differential geometry. In addition, we also examined the hob oversize range required to avoid the interference under the condition of the machine tool setting errors and shaft misalignments. This study found that the interference can be avoided not only when the hob oversize is larger than the upper limit, but also when the hob oversize is smaller than the lower limit. This study also found that the interference can be avoided by applying the intended errors on the machine tool setting and shaft alignment, without manipulating the hob oversize.

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Radzevich, Stephen P. "A Way to Improve the Accuracy of Hobbed Involute Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 10 (October 19, 2006): 1076–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2761919.

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Involute gears are widely used in the design of machines and mechanisms. Performance of gear transmissions, e.g., performance of automobile transmissions, strongly depends upon the accuracy of gears of which the transmission is comprised. The higher the gear accuracy, the higher performance of the gear transmission observed. An increase of accuracy of involute gears reduces vibration of the transmission, and causes lower noise excitation. A significant amount of gears for the needs of the automotive industry is manufactured by hobbing. Reported in this paper is a way to improve the accuracy of hobbed involute gears that requires an appropriate alteration of design parameters of the hob to be applied. The required correction of design parameters of the hob can be computed on the premises of in-depth analysis of kinematic geometry of meshing of the hob and of the work gear, i.e., of design parameters of the hob, as well as an analysis of kinematics of meshing of the gear work and of the hob. An analytical approach for computation of the required alterations in design parameters of the involute hob is reported in the paper. Using commercial software MathCAD/Scientific, numerous computer codes are developed for performing the necessary computations. A numerical example of computation is presented. The reported results of research are ready to put into production.

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Rock, Clare, Kerri A. Thom, Anthony D. Harris, Shanahan Li, Daniel Morgan, Aaron M. Milstone, Brian Caffo, Manjari Joshi, and Surbhi Leekha. "A Multicenter Longitudinal Study of Hospital-Onset Bacteremia: Time for a New Quality Outcome Measure?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 37, no. 2 (October 23, 2015): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2015.261.

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BACKGROUNDCentral-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate is an important quality measure, but it suffers from subjectivity and interrater variability, and decreasing national CLABSI rates may compromise its power to discriminate between hospitals. This study evaluates hospital-onset bacteremia (HOB, ie, any positive blood culture obtained 48 hours post admission) as a healthcare-associated infection–related outcome measure by assessing the association between HOB and CLABSI rates and comparing the power of each to discriminate quality among intensive care units (ICUs).METHODSIn this multicenter study, ICUs provided monthly CLABSI and HOB rates for 2012 and 2013. A Poisson regression model was used to assess the association between these 2 rates. We compared the power of each measure to discriminate between ICUs using standardized infection ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A measure was defined as having greater power to discriminate if more of the SIRs (with surrounding CIs) were different from 1.RESULTSIn 80 ICUs from 16 hospitals in the United States and Canada, a total of 663 CLABSIs, 475,420 central line days, 11,280 HOBs, and 966,757 patient days were reported. An absolute change in HOB of 1 per 1,000 patient days was associated with a 2.5% change in CLABSI rate (P<.001). Among the 80 ICUs, 20 (25%) had a CLABSI SIR and 60 (75%) had an HOB SIR that was different from 1 (P<.001).CONCLUSIONChange in HOB rate is strongly associated with change in CLABSI rate and has greater power to discriminate between ICU performances. Consideration should be given to using HOB to replace CLABSI as an outcome measure in infection prevention quality assessments.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(2):143–148

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Wang, Jian Hua, and Gang Zhang. "Rectangle Spline Hob Error Analysis of Tooth Profile." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.222.

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This paper introduces a method for solving theoretical curve of rectangle spline hob by using the analytic method. The tooth profile and tooth profile envelope diagram have been simulated by using Matlab software, and the effects of numbers of hob cutting edges on the workpiece edges degrees errors has been analysed. Simulation results show that this method can select a reasonable number of groove according to the requirements of target accuracy, which can improve the design accuracy and design efficiency of the hob.

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Zhao, Xiang Fei, Yu Lin, Hong Qi Liu, and Jie Zhang. "Research on Increasing Hob Tip Fillet Radius to Decrease Addendum Modification Coefficient." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 1105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.1105.

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Reasonable design of hob tip fillet and calculation of modification coefficients were researched to avoid undercutting in this paper. The undercut gears were generated in the virtual environment based on Pro / E software. Meanwhile, parametric finite element models of undercut gear, ordinary modified gear generated by standard hob and modified gear generated by hob with tip fillet radius increased,were founded by APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language).The results show that the minimum modification coefficients chosen to avoid undercutting by traditional modification method may not meet the requirements of contact ratio or addendum thickness.While through reasonable design of hob tip fillet, modification coefficients calculated not only avoid undercutting to improve the tooth bending strength but also meet the requirements of contact ratio ε>1.2 and addendum thickness δ>0.25m (module) .

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Simon, Vilmos. "The Influence of Gear Hobbing on Worm Gear Characteristics." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 129, no. 5 (April 27, 2007): 919–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2752524.

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In this paper, a method is presented for the determination of the differences between the worm gear tooth surface processed by an oversized hob of finite number of teeth or by a flying tool, and the theoretically required gear tooth surface. The influence of hob oversize and machine tool settings on tooth contact pressure and transmission errors is determined. The full geometry and kinematics of gear tooth processing by an oversized hob or by a flying tool is included. The theoretical background is implemented by a computer program. By using this program, the influence of relevant design parameters of the worm gear set and the hob and of machine tool settings on processed gear tooth errors and on loaded tooth contact of the worm gear pair is investigated and discussed.

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Tan, Qing, Kai Wang, Yi Min Xia, Kui Zhang, and Zi Jun Xu. "Numerical Simulation of ANSYS-LS/DYNA Induced by Double-Edge Ball Tooth Hob Cutter." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3120.

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In order to analyse the rock breakage process of double-edge ball tooth hob cutter and get the related curve of intrusive force and invasion depth, the numerical simulation model of double-edge ball tooth hob cutter is accurately established. In the process of interaction between hob cutter and rock mass, the material model is also established, the mechanism of rock fragmentation is carefully researched, the elastic-plastic deformation is seriously studied. Finally, we design an experiment which has a good consistency with the simulation analysis.

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MATSUOKA, Hironori, and Yoshihiro TSUDA. "903 Fundamental Research on Behavior of Crater Wear of Hob in Dry Hobbing(Influence of Number of Hob Threads and Hob Feed)." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 005.2 (2000): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.005.2.267.

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Radzevich, Stephen P. "A Novel Design of Cylindrical Hob for Machining of Precision Involute Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 3 (March 6, 2006): 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2406105.

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This paper aims at development of a novel design of precision gear hob for machining involute gear on a conventional gear-hobbing machine. The reported research is based on use of fundamental results obtained in analytical mechanics of gearing. For solving the problem, both the descriptive-geometry-based (DGB) methods together with pure analytical methods have been employed. The use of DGB methods is insightful for solving most of the principal problems, which consequently were analytically solved. The analytical methods used provide an example of application of the DG∕K-method of surface generation developed earlier by the author. For interpretation of the results of research, several computer codes in the commercial software MathCAD∕Scientific were composed. Ultimately, a method of computation of parameters of design of a hob with straight-line lateral cutting edges for machining of precision involute gears is developed in the paper. Coincidence of the straight-line lateral cutting edges of the hob with the straight-line characteristics of it generating surface eliminates the major source of deviations of the hobbed involute gears. The relationships between major principal design parameters that affect the gear hob performance are investigated with the use of vector algebra, matrix calculus, and elements of differential geometry. Gear hobs of the proposed design yield elimination of the principal and major source of deviation of the desired hob tooth profile from the actual hob tooth profile. The reported results of this research are ready to put in practice.

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Yang, Shuying, Weifang Chen, Zhiqiang Wang, and Yanfeng Zhou. "Modelling and experiment of gear hob tooth profile error for relief grinding." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 235, no. 13 (May 12, 2021): 2081–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544054211017297.

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Gear hob is an important tool that is most used in gear processing. Hob accuracy directly exerts an overwhelming influence on the quality of the processed gear. Generally, the hob tooth profile accuracy is mainly determined by relief grinding process. Studies on tooth profile errors of gear hobs caused by severe friction and cutting with the high-speed rotation of the wheel during the form grinding machining of hobs are limited. Thus, a theoretical model of the tooth profile error prediction under different machining parameters was established based on the analysis of coupling influence of high temperature and high strain rate on gear hobs in the relief grinding process. The model was completed on the basis of the dynamic explicit integral finite element method of thermo-mechanical coupling. Through the prediction model, the influence of the grinding depth ap, feed speed Vw and grinding speed Vs on the tooth profile error can be analysed. In addition, an algorithm for accurately calculate the grinding wheel axial profile by combining instantaneous envelope theory and hob normal tooth profile was proposed. The hob relief grinding experiments were carried out using the proposed grinding wheel profile algorithm. The relative error of the prediction obtained by comparing the calculation results of the prediction model with the experimental results is within 10%. Results prove the validity of the prediction model. This finding is greatly important for optimising the accuracy of hob relief grinding.

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Villa, I., C. Dal Fiume, A. Maestroni, A. Rubinacci, F. Ravasi, and F. Guidobono. "Human osteoblast-like cell proliferation induced by calcitonin-related peptides involves PKC activity." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 284, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): E627—E633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00307.2002.

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The calcitonin peptides [calcitonin (CT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), amylin] share many biological actions, including activity on bone cells. In the present study, CT (10−11 to 10−9 M) stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation in primary cultures of human osteoblasts (hOB), as already demonstrated for CGRP and amylin. RT-PCR analysis showed that the calcitonin receptor and the calcitonin receptor-like receptor are both expressed in hOB. In these cells, CT (10−10 M) and amylin (10−9 M), in contrast to CGRP (10−8 M), did not increase cAMP production. All three peptides stimulated protein kinase C (PKC) activity. To evaluate PKC involvement in hOB proliferation, cells were incubated with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, a stimulator of PKC activity; cell proliferation was increased in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 3.4 × 10−8 M). Staurosporine (10−9 M), a PKC inhibitor, blocked phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-induced PKC activity and cell proliferation. Inhibition of PKC by staurosporine also counteracted the stimulatory effect of CT, CGRP, and amylin on hOB proliferation. From these data, it is deduced that the activation of PKC is important for hOB proliferation and that it is involved in the anabolic effect of CT peptides on bone.

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Gisk, Bjoern, Yukiko Yasui, Takayuki Kohchi, and Nicole Frankenberg-Dinkel. "Characterization of the haem oxygenase protein family in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals a diversity of functions." Biochemical Journal 425, no. 2 (December 23, 2009): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20090775.

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HOs (haem oxygenases) catalyse the oxidative cleavage of haem to BV (biliverdin), iron and carbon monoxide. In plants, the product of the reaction is BV IXα, the precursor of the PHY (phytochrome) chromophore and is thus essential for proper photomorphogenesis. Arabidopsis thaliana contains one major biochemically characterized HO (HY1) and three additional putative HOs (HO2, HO3 and HO4). All four proteins are encoded in the nucleus but contain chloroplast translocation sequences at their N-termini. The transit peptides of all four proteins are sufficient for chloroplast translocalization as shown by GFP (green fluorescent protein) reporter gene fusions. Overall, all four proteins can be divided into two subfamilies: HO1 and HO2. Here we show that all members of the HO1 subfamily (HY1, HO3 and HO4) are active monomeric HOs and can convert haem to BV IXα using spinach Fd (ferredoxin) as an electron donor. Addition of a second electron donor, such as ascorbate, led to a 10-fold increase in the haem conversion rate. Furthermore, haem turnover is also promoted by light when spinach thylakoids are present. All HO1 family members displayed similar kinetic parameters indicating they all have a possible involvement in PHY chromophore biosynthesis. HO2 did not yield sufficient amounts of soluble protein and therefore required the construction of a synthetic gene adapted to the codon usage of Escherichia coli. HO2 is unable to bind or degrade haem and therefore it is not a haem oxygenase. However, HO2 shows strong binding of proto IX (protoporphyrin IX), a precursor for both haem and chlorophyll biosynthesis. A possible function of HO2 in the regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism is discussed.

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Mitin, E. V., and S. P. Sul’din. "Hob Strength in Gear Cutting." Russian Engineering Research 38, no. 8 (August 2018): 635–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x18080105.

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41

Kolesov, N. V., and O. G. Kirsanova. "Straightening of hob-relieving wheels." Russian Engineering Research 32, no. 4 (April 2012): 402–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x12040132.

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Skrebnev, G. G., and A. S. Anan’ev. "Load distribution between hob teeth." Russian Engineering Research 34, no. 11 (November 2014): 680–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x14110185.

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43

Simon-Jones, Lindsey Marie. "Neighbor Hob and neighbor Lob." English Text Construction 6, no. 1 (April 5, 2013): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.6.1.03sim.

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Drawing on scholars like Paula Blank, Janette Dillon and Tim Machan, this article argues that, in the Tudor university and court plays of Shakespeare’s youth, the stigmatization of non-standard, dialect speakers demonstrates a cultural renegotiation of the contemporary linguistic climate. By defining the English language and the English people not against a foreign Other, but rather against the domestic, servile, and dialect-speaking Other, sixteenth-century playwrights demonstrated the threat of non-standard speaking and advocated the standardization of language through education while effecting cultural change through negative reinforcement. Keywords: Tudor drama; interludes; history of English language; dialect; university grammarians

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44

YONEKURA, Masataka. "30 Years of Hob Development." Proceedings of the Machine Design and Tribology Division meeting in JSME 2004.4 (2004): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemdt.2004.4.1.

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45

MATSUOKA, Hironori, Akira KATSUKI, and Yoshihiro FURUMIYA. "Fundamental Research on Hob Materials." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 58, no. 548 (1992): 1234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.58.1234.

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46

Friedell, David. "Salmon on Hob and Nob." Philosophical Studies 165, no. 1 (April 25, 2012): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-012-9924-5.

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47

SHIMACHI, Shigeyuki, and Hiroshi GUNBARA. "Study on Hob for Hourglass Worm Wheel. 1st Report. Basic Principles for Hob Design." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 62, no. 603 (1996): 4374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.62.4374.

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48

Máté, Márton, and Dénes Hollanda. "The Deformaton of The Gear Hob’s Generating Surfaces Due to Re-Sharpening." Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2018.08.09.

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Abstract The side relief faces of the monolithic involute gear hob are machined through relieving. The resulting surfaces are bevel helical surfaces in which the side cutting edges result from the intersection of these with the helical rake face. Theoretically, the gear hob is derived from an involute worm. Resharpening decreases the diameter of the hob, thus the edges became closer to the axis, and as a consequence they will be situated on a smaller worm than the original. The present paper analyses the deviation of the re-sharpened gear hob’s carrying worm from the theoretically perfect involute worm whose characteristic dimensions were adjusted considering the re-sharpened gear hob characteristic diameters. It was proven that the evolution of the errors is significantly different from that described in the literature. Thus, increasing the new gear hob diameters in comparison with the calculated dimensions is unnecessary, because it cannot reduce the error to half with this procedure. The mathematical model was built up accepting that the edges result from the intersection of an involute worm with a helical rake face and the side relief faces result from the rototranslation of the edges on a bevel helix leading curve dressed by the relieving parameter.

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MATSUOKA, Hironori, and Yoshihiro TSUDA. "Fundamental Research on Behavior of Crater Wear of Hob in Dry Hobbing. 3rd Report. Influence of Number of Hob Threads and Hob Feed." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 67, no. 654 (2001): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.67.533.

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50

Bodzás, S., and I. Dudás. "Analysis and CAD modelling of a new geometric spiroid hob." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 6, no. 2 (December 2015): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2015.6.2.2.

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The objectives of this publication are the analysis of surfaces and edges of a new geometric spiroid hob with arched profile in axial section and the definition of their equations for computer modelling. On the basis of this we will work out the CAD model of hob for our further geometric calculations.

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