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Danylovа, T. V., and V. A. Budegay. "CULTURAL AND CIVILIZATIONAL INTERACTIONS IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD: HOFSTEDE’S CULTURAL DIMENSIONS THEORY." HUMANITARIAN STUDIOS: PEDAGOGICS, PSYCHOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY 12, no. 2 (November 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/hspedagog2021.02.022.
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An essential feature of the contemporary globalized world is the emergence and active development of a network of interactions between the representatives of the different cultural and civilizational communities that was not typical during the previous historical epochs. Under these conditions, there is a process of restructuring of every culture, every civilization system. If earlier the processes of civilizational and cultural renewal had lasted for centuries and millennia, today they have been taking place over years and decades. Nowadays, there is a conglomeration of cultural-civilizational communities that are different in history, traditions, languages, and religions. They develop, interact and mutually influence each other through cultural and civilizational dialogue. These relatively independent societies have to coexist within common information space, in which intercultural and intercivilizational communication is an important factor in regulating both internal life and relations between countries. G. Hofstede made a great contribution to the development of cultural dimensions theory. The works of G. Hofstede gave rise to an influential research tradition in the field of intercultural interactions. They are actively used by the researchers and consultants in the field of international business and communication. They continue to be a major resource in intercultural research and inspire the study of both cultural values and other aspects of culture. The article aims to highlight Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory. The author used an anthropological integrative approach, comparative analysis and interpretive research paradigm.
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Nguyen, Trong Dinh, and Mai Kieu Phuong Hua. "Influence of culture onconsumer behaviour: a model at personal level in pharmaceutical context." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i2.1481.
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This paper focuses on the building of conceptual model based on the Hofstede theory (1980; 1991) with extended theories for personally cultural values. As a result, a model for the relationshisp between personal cultural values and Vietnamese consumers’ buying intention in the context of non-prescription medication is established. The model is a new approach for the Hofstede’s theory at personally cultural level which was not developed and accepted before.
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Komor, Marcin, and Jan Schumann. "Cross-Cultural Differences Between Poland and Germany in Light of Cultural Dimensions Theory." Gospodarka Narodowa 275, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/gn/100830.
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Goularte, Alexandre da C., and Silvia Novaes Zilber. "The moderating role of cultural factors in the adoption of mobile banking in Brazil." International Journal of Innovation Science 11, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-11-2017-0119.
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Purpose This study aims to evaluate the impact of country culture, represented by Hofstede cultural dimensions, in the adoption of Brazilian mobile banking services. Design/methodology/approach Based on the replication of a theoretical model previously tested in Mozambique (Africa) that combines the extended version of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) with the five Hofstede cultural dimensions, this study tested that model in another emerging country, Brazil, using partial least squares (PLS) as a modeling method. Findings Replication showed that the cultural dimensions do not present strong significance in the moderation of the use of mobile banking. In fact, out of the five dimensions tested, three were not significant and two showed weak significance (p < 0.10): collectivism and short-term orientation. Those results, contrasting with that one presented by Baptista and Oliveira (2015), made sense under Ajzen’s theory (1991) – the TPB, leading to the conclusion that the moderation of cultural dimensions on behavior use is not applicable. Originality/value The authors concluded that the tested model may not be adherent, finding a theoretical gap to be explored in future studies: the moderation of the behavioral intention by cultural variables proposed by Hofstede. That finding supported the proposition of a new theoretical model, which considers the moderation of cultural dimensions in another place: behavioral intention to use mobile banking instead of the behavior use, as proposed by Baptista and Oliveira (2015). So, based on the research results and based on some authors cited in this study (Choi et al., 2014; Chou, 2013; Srite and Karahanna, 2006), it is proposed to insert Hofstede cultural variables as moderators of independent variables on the behavioral intention.
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Dunakhir, Samirah, and Mukhammad Idru. "Cultural Values And Perceived Audit Quality: A Conceptual Framework." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(93).
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In accounting and auditing, the concept of cultural relativism was promoted by Riahi-Belkaoui (1995). He developed a cultural relativism in accounting model based on a cognitive perspective view. This theory suggests that different cultural groups "create different cognitions or systems of knowledge for intracultural communications and/or intercultural communications" (Riahi-Belkaoui, 1995, p. 53). Differences in culture can be seen in terms of the value systems held by a culture. Of the values-based conceptions of culture, one of the most important and useful for empirical research was provided by Geert Hofstede (Patel, 2004). Hofstede (1980a) and Hofstede, et al. (2010) developed six cultural factors: (1) individualism versus collectivism; (2) large versus small power distance; (3) strong versus weak uncertainty avoidance; (4) masculinity versus femininity; (5) long-term versus short-term orientation; and (6) indulgence versus restraint. The long-term/short-term orientation was developed based on the concept of Confucian dynamism, which is closely related to the teachings of Confucius and can be interpreted as having a pragmatic future-oriented perspective rather than a conventional historical short-term point of view (Hofstede, et al., 2010). Meanwhile, the sixth dimension (indulgence versus restraint) was developed from the literature on "happiness research" (Hofstede, et al., 2010). These last two aspect are still not widely understood and are also not directly correlated to the topic of this study. Therefore, these dimension are excluded from the investigation. In addition, the first four Hofstede's taxonomy has been applied comprehensively in cross-cultural accounting research. According to Hofstede (1984), there is solid evidence that the four factors he proposes are universal, even though the original data they are based on were taken from the values scored by multinational corporation employees. Although the data can also be assumed to be up to date, according to Jones (2007, p. 7): …more research is needed to capture the shifting cultural maps which are influenced by, and influence, globalisation and technology, however this is difficult to achieve and may have temporal value. As a result the work of Hofstede will continue to have value now and into the future. This paper presents the conceptual framework based on the findings in the reviewed literature. In auditing, the influence of culture has been investigated widely in relation to audit and financial reporting judgments (Chan, et al., 2003; Haniffa & Cooke, 2002; Lin & Fraser, 2008), auditor independence (Agacer & Doupnik, 1991; Patel & Psaros, 2000; Stevenson, 2002), and ethical perception (Arnold, et al., 2007; Ge & Thomas, 2008; Smith & Hume, 2005). However, cultural research on particular aspects of audit quality perceptions has not been analysed closely, even though cultural values are likely to have a strong impact on perceptions of audit quality. Recognizing the effect of culture on perceived audit quality can make regulators aware of market expectation. As a result, they will be able to improve actual audit quality through the legal and accounting standards they set. In this study, the authors collect data from selected journal articles that mostly provide a comprehensive view of cultural values map and their impact on perceptions. Every journal has a different view. The author participates in comparing these sources of information to create a comprehensive framework. Thus, this study used content analysis both relationship analysis and conceptual analysis. The authors collect data from the theoretical concepts of cultural dimensions and relational relationships of that variable that influence audit quality. Key findings derived from the qualitative study confirmed that the differences in perceptions of the importance of audit quality factors in one country could be due to differences in cultural characteristics. For further consideration, it is necessary to develop a questionnaire instrument or a list of interview questions to measure each indicator of a framework that has been developed and tested as a reliable instrument. Keywords: culture; cultural values; perception; audit quality
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Sawagvudcharee, Ousanee, Maurice Yolles, Chanchai Bunchapattanasakda, and Buncha Limpabandhu. "Understanding Culture through Knowledge Cybernetics." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 9, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i1.2167.
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These days, countries around the world continue with their process of globalization in the digital business and marketing. However, they find themselves straddling different national cultures, which lead to problems of cross-cultural communication management resulting in, for instance, miscommunication and misunderstanding. Consequently, an understanding of the characterisation or mapping of culture is significant, and while there are not many theories of cultural mapping, most stem from the base work of Hofstede. Basically, most people begin with a categorisation of culture through the creation of an ontology that differentiates relatable levels of reality, as a theory of levels allows culture to be broken down into parts that can be analysed more easily. It also helps them to facilitate the creation of a set of generic or universal dimensions of culture which can be used to map different cultures. However, a problem with this theoretical approach is that it does not offer a very dynamic representation of culture, and it has manifestations that impoverish the way that phenomenal manifestations of culture can be explained. On the other hand, there is an alternative approach was adopted by Schwartz. This approach does not discuss ontology but it creates a value inventory in which respondents assess ‘comprehensive’ cultural values. Consequently, there is some relationship between outcome of Hofstede’s and Schwartz’s results. Yolles has developed a theory of Knowledge Cybernetics that delivers a new ontology and a dynamic modelling approach. Schwartz’s results have been merged into this, resulting in a new theory dynamic theory of culture quite distinct from Hofstede’s level theory.
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Froehlich, L., A. R. Dorrough, A. Glöckner, and S. Stürmer. "Similarity Predicts Cross-National Social Preferences." Social Psychological and Personality Science 12, no. 8 (January 8, 2021): 1486–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550620982704.
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Humans are not purely selfish money maximizers. Most individuals take into account consequences for others in their decisions, reflecting social preferences. In a large-scale study ( N = 2,889) involving population-representative samples from 10 nations, we investigated social preferences toward different national out-groups. Social preferences varied systematically depending on the other person’s nationality. Individuals showed higher social preferences toward others from nations rated similar to their own nation in terms of the stereotype content dimensions of agency, conservative/progressive beliefs, and communion (ABC) and, to a lesser extent, the Hofstede cultural dimensions. Similarity according to the ABC stereotypes more strongly predicted out-group-specific social preferences than similarity according to the Hofstede cultural dimensions. The effects of similarity on social preferences increased with identification with the national in-group. Results support self-categorization theory, but not social identity theory, indicating that perceptions of similarity influence interaction behavior between individuals from different nations.
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Danilova, Anna Gennadievna, and Ol'ga Valentinovna Mitina. "Hofstede's Power Distance Cultural Dimension and its Representation in Historical Documents of Russia in the 16th-20th Centuries." Социодинамика, no. 8 (August 2022): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2022.8.38630.
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Based on the theory of basic cultural dimensions by G. Hofstede, the value orientations presented in the texts of Russian and Soviet power discourse are analyzed. Based on the behavioral characteristics given by Hofstede (1980) to characterize cultures with high and low indicators in basic dimensions, a content analysis of the texts of Russian power discourse for the XVI-XX centuries, including state acts, legal documents, chronicles, judicial records, official and private correspondence, was carried out. A comparison of the hierarchical and power value orientations of Russian culture, identified by the method of content analysis, and the conclusions of historical studies of social and cultural trends of the corresponding period. A reproducible factor structure consisting of 16-20 factors and corresponding to the sub-dimensional structure of the basic value orientations of culture, theoretically predicted and empirically identified in foreign studies of value orientations, is obtained. Aspects of the basic dimensions of culture according to G. Hofstede, having different time dynamics, are highlighted. The obtained aspects of the basic dimension of the power distance are analyzed. Graphs of the dynamics of value orientations with generalization over 25 years are constructed. The correspondence of the dynamics revealed by the content analysis of the power discourse to the actual historical trends is shown. The conclusion is made about the applicability of the texts of the power discourse for the analysis of the historical dynamics of value orientations.
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Kolnhofer-Derecskei, Anita, and Viktor Nagy. "Comparison of Hungarian and Vietnamese Cultural Differences in Classic Behavioural Economics Experiments." Cultural Management: Science and Education 4, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 47–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/cmse.4-1.03.
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Nowadays behavioural economics is widely studied and referenced. Well-known classic experiments (e.g. prospect theory) have provided many results which prove that we are human, but most of these studies did not deal with the background and origin of these problems. In this paper we use classic ex-periments on one sample each of Hungarian and Vietnamese students. The respondents are not just geographically distant, but their cultures differ greatly. Cultural differences can be described through cultural comparisons (e.g. the Hofstede, GLOBE, and Schwartz studies) which explain the main differ-ences between our two studied samples. But each actor has a different personality, and the way we handle risky situations colours our decisions. Due to this fact, we applied the DOSPERT Scale to each respondent, measuring their personal risk-taking levels. Our main research question focuses on how cultural background and personal risk level matter in economic decisions. Based on the relevant state of the art, we have added to classic experiments the DOSPERT Scale and extended it with cultural dimen-sions using Hofstede’s theory; the impact of gender differences was also observed. Altogether seven hypotheses were defined and tested using an online survey in order to compare cultural differences between Vietnamese and Hungarian samples (n=190). We found significant differences between the two samples; we can therefore conclude that the final decision is in many cases associated significantly with participants’ cultural background.
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Nedeljkovic, Sladjana, Dragan Kokovic, and Milena Nedeljkovic. "The influence of national culture on consumers behavior and employees in tourist sector." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 130 (2010): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1030043n.
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In this paper we investigate the influence of national cultures on tourist demand and supply and on the perception of tourists about the quality of tourism product. Organizational aspects of the influence of national cultures in tourism organizations are analyzed. Results of our investigation about the cultural dimensions individuality and masculinity (based on the Hofstede theory) in tourism and hospitality sector in Serbia are given. .
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Ha, Sha. "Ethical Intercultural Communication between the Western World and China." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 8, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.8n.1p.38.
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Culture is the cumulative deposit of knowledge, traditions, beliefs acquired by a human community in the course of generations: ethics is one of the most important of such beliefs. As for the intercultural communication, the discipline which studies a cultural dialogue about various issues across different communities, since the eighties of the last century it has been the object of various theories, based on experimental data collections: among them the ‘Values Orientation Theory’ by F.R. Kluckhohn and F. Strodtbeck, the ‘Cultural Dimensions Theory’ by G. Hofstede and the ‘Theory of Basic Values’ by S.H. Schwartz. One of the goals of this paper is to give a closer look at those theories. In the same period of time an ‘ethical turn’ manifested itself in western literary studies, after a long period of post-modernist disengagement, by initiative of J. Gardner, M. C. Nussbaum and J. Habermas, among others: the same happened in China in the eve of the new millennium, owing to the studies on comparative literature by Nie Zhenzhao. Literary works constitute an important vehicle of ethical intercultural communication. A second goal of the present paper is that of suggesting a ‘constructivist approach’ in the cultural dialogue between the western world and China, combining the results of those theoretical models with a comparative analysis of literary works chosen ad hoc, as recently done by Xu Zhilin in her comparative study of female images in ‘A leaf in the storm’, by Lin Yutang, and ‘Gone with the wind’, by Margareth Mitchell, from the perspective of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension Theory.
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Liow, Melissa Li Sa. "Synthesising Resource-Advantage and Hofstede Cultural Dimensions: Customer Orientation, Knowledge Creation and Firm Performance." ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism 19, no. 2 (September 8, 2021): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/ajht.2021.19.2.04.
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There is a dearth of studies on synthesising the resource-advantage theory and Hofstede cultural dimensions that explore the influence of customer orientation and knowledge creation on the firm performance for small hotels. This paper reviews extant literature that provides insights on the influence of customer orientation and knowledge creation on firm performance. In-depth interviews with three hotel owners and three hotel managers were performed in this study. The results disclose that by forging memorable and positive customer experiences and developing informed knowledge databases are business practices that sustain the firm performance. From the theoretical aspect, it is a preliminary step to blend the culturally relevant customer orientation and knowledge creation elements into forming a firm performance framework designed for small hotels
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A. Posthuma, Richard. "National Culture and Union Membership." Articles 64, no. 3 (November 11, 2009): 507–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038554ar.
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Summary National Culture and Union Membership: A Cultural-Cognitive Perspective Moving beyond the normative and regulative perspectives of neo-institutional theory, this study adopted a cultural-cognitive perspective to study the influence of multiple dimensions of national culture on union membership. Cultural frameworks were compared using data from the World Values Survey that were matched to GLOBE and Hofstede national culture scores (n = 43,867 employees, 32 countries). Contrasts between GLOBE and Hofstede scores revealed that GLOBE culture constructs were better predictors and they also enabled an improved understanding of the relationships between national culture and union membership. This resolved the paradoxical lack of a significant relationship between collectivism and union membership in prior research. Specifically, union membership was positively related to institutional collectivism but not to in-group collectivism. Also, that fact that GLOBE Performance Orientation was negatively related to union membership explained why Hofstede’s Masculinity was negatively related to union membership in prior research. Moreover, prior research on union membership tended to use either individual level (i.e., employees) variables, or macro level (i.e., country) variables to explain union membership. Recently developed statistical techniques enabled the analysis of both individual and country level variables in a hierarchical model. Results show that union membership was positively related to sex (female), education, and institutional collectivism, and negatively related to occupation (supervisors and professionals) and performance orientation. There were curvilinear relationships between union membership and age and uncertainty avoidance. Younger and older people were less likely to be union members. Low or high uncertainty avoidance increased union membership. The juxtaposition of the influences of Age and Uncertainty Avoidance on union membership revealed an interesting phenomenon. Opposing curvilinear relationships (concave vs. convex), suggested a complex yet interrelated relationship between age and uncertainty avoidance that is worthy of future research. At different ages people may use uncertainty avoidance differently to evaluate the risks and benefits of union membership.
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Wilhelm, William Joseph, and Panom Gunawong. "Cultural dimensions and moral reasoning: a comparative study." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 36, no. 5/6 (June 13, 2016): 335–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-05-2015-0047.
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Purpose – Moral reasoning research in Western cultures is grounded primarily in Kohlbergian cognitive moral theory. Enumerable investigations about the psychological determinants and cultural dimensions of moral reasoning have provided significant insights about Western decision making and contributed to Western organizational behavioral theory. However, inquiry about these same constructs and how they may interact with moral reasoning in non-Western Southeast Asian trading partner countries has not provided comparable insights. The purpose of this paper is to remedy that by comparing predominant cultural dimensions to levels of moral reasoning in student and graduate populations in Thailand and the USA. Design/methodology/approach – The Defining Issues Test (DIT) measurement of moral reasoning (Rest et al., 1999) and the Values Survey Module (VSM) 2013 (Hofstede and Minkov, 2013) were translated for the first time into Thai, pilot tested, and used to gather cultural and moral reasoning data in Thailand. The same English version instruments were used to gather comparable data among similarly matched US samples. Comparisons are presented in this paper, and differences in approaches to moral decision making are discussed. Findings – Findings indicate that there are both significant psychological and cultural differences between the two nations that affect moral reasoning. Predominant status quo moral reasoning predominates in Thailand, while a polarity between self-interest moral reasoning and higher level abstract idealistic moral reasoning predominates in the USA. Potential cultural influences on these moral reasoning tendencies are discussed. Research limitations/implications – While findings can be generalized to the sample populations of Thai and US undergraduate students and graduate students who are in the workplace, the considerable time required to complete the two survey instruments precluded inclusion of higher level, veteran managers and public policy administrators in the study. Alternative survey methods need to be developed for investigating these subjects in order to make the combined findings more robust and widely generalizable. Practical implications – Careful attention to cultural and linguistic variables provided for thorough and effective first-time translations of the DIT and the VSM 2013 from English into the Thai language. These two instruments are now available to other researchers who wish to investigate cultural dimensions and moral reasoning through other research designs. The Thai-version DIT can be obtained from the copyright holder, Center for the Study of Ethical Development (http://ethicaldevelopment.ua.edu/). The Thai-version of the VSM can be obtained through the Geert Hofstede website (www.geerthofstede.nl/). Social implications – These findings can help researchers in Western and non-Western countries to better understand the foundations upon which moral reasoning in the two countries is grounded, and can provide insights about how individuals in quite different cultures perceive ethical dilemmas in the workplace and public arena and attempt to solve them. The findings also serve as another entry point for business managers and public policy administrators to not only better understand organizational behavior as regards ethical decision making, but general decision making as well. Originality/value – This is the first research study comparing cultural dimensions identified by Geert Hofstede and Michael Minkov as measured by the VSM 2013 to moral reasoning as measured by the DIT.
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Sjolin, Jan, and Tudor Stanciu. "Cultural Influence in Engineering Education, Business and Economics in Terms of Multinational Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 659 (October 2014): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.659.607.
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With the every ambitious expanding Strategy 2020 of the European Union, to become the most competitive region globally, generates the urgent need to handle multinational (across national) EU and non EU groups in terms of joint training activities. This paper tries to build a bridge between traditional research in terms of national cultures, primarily between the Hofstede and Trompenaars& Hampden-Turner theory buildings and applied methodology. The applied research tackles some first steps in terms of how this traditional research could be applied in education for engineering and business and economics. Thereby showing opportunities to bring a better learning outcome by avoiding cultural "failures" made obvious by this research. The theoretical framework applies into planning phase, delivery phase and follow up phase of the pedagogical cycle.
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Chefneux, Gabriela. "Humour at work." Language and Dialogue 5, no. 3 (December 17, 2015): 381–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.5.3.02che.
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The paper starts from the assumption that organisational culture, a type of behaviour considered acceptable by employees (Hofstede and Hofstede 2004), is not pre-extant but is jointly created during the interactions of the people working together. This paper is part of a longer study that has analysed institutional talk in a multinational company based in Romania by looking at different aspects of interaction such as types of questions, modality, mitigation, politeness and frames. The paper tries to identify the uses and functions of humour in the exchanges between the team leader and the team members in this multinational company.
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Glinkowska-Krauze, Beata, Iegor Chebotarov, and Viacheslav Chebotarov. "Comparative Studies of National Business Cultures in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe: the Basics for Improving International Entrepreneurship in Poland and Ukraine." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 23, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.23.01.
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Based on the work of Hofstede, Trompenaars, Lewis, and Rapaille, the founders of the theory of national business cultures and comparative economic studies, the characteristics of corresponding scientific areas are identified: cross-cultural management, cross-cultural communications, and cross-cultural marketing, including their methodological and practical aspects. Using the classic measuring parameters of national business cultures (“Individualism,” “Power Distance,” “Masculinity,” “Uncertainty Avoidance,” “Long-Term Orientation,” “Indulgence”), a comparative analysis is carried out on the example of Poland, Ukraine, Germany, France, and Hungary; the results of the authors’ own development of this interdisciplinary problem are presented. On this basis, new approaches are proposed in establishing mutually beneficial international cooperation between Polish and Ukrainian enterprises, not only in Europe but also in other regions of the world.
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Rahman, Ummeh Habiba Faria Benteh, and Muhammad Khubaib Zafar. "Factors Influencing Uber Adoption In Bangladesh And Pakistan." Open Economics 3, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openec-2020-0105.
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AbstractThe paper’s intention is to investigate the behavioral intentions of consumers towards the adoption of Uber with focus on effects of digitalization and shared economy on the adoption of Uber. The aim of the article is to examine the cultural factors of Bangladesh and Pakistan, which are leading people towards adopotion of non traditional source of transport. Particularly, these countries’ comparison was not done before by other researchers. Theory of Planned Behavior integrated with Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions has been used to examine the Behavioral Intention of customers of these two countries towards adoption of Uber in the research. A great comparison was done in the study by using factors of TAM, TPB and Hofstede Cultural Models. Dependent variables played important roles in showing positive and negative attitudes on independent variables. This article’s findings show that “Risk” negatively affects the Behavioral Intention. Research data is collected through online close-ended questionnaires from 145 total respondents, which limits the generalization of the study. At the end, where it identified “female” as a bigger market and provided an opportunity for Uber to categorize the risks prevalent in the society and define new strategies by adapting to the local culture by being a global company. Factors examination produced a great findings which created recommendations for future researchers followed by a conclusion.
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Varlamova, M. "Cross-cultural aspects of business negotiations." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 72, no. 5 (2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.05.103.
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The features of conducting business negotiations with foreign partners, taking into account the influence of cultural factors are investigated in this paper. The systematization of approaches to understanding business negotiations is performed and it is determined that business negotiations are bilateral or multilateral processes of communication, as a result of which a joint decision concerning business interests realization is made. Scientific approaches to the cultures grouping by certain features, particularly, E. Hall, G. Hofstede and R. Lewis, Florence Clachon and Fred Strodbeck, D. Pinto, R. Gesteland, F. Trompenaars and C. Hampden-Turner are considered. Analysis of the manifestation of certain cultural features in relation to the representatives of the countries with which Ukraine currently has the most developed trade and economic relations is carried out. Accordingly, the probability of the need to negotiate the foreign economic activity implementation is rather high. The following countries are selected among them according to 2020 statistics: China, Poland, India, Spain, Italy, Russia, Belarus, Egypt, the Netherlands, Germany, Romania, Turkey, Hungary, USA, Belgium, Israel, Indonesia, Iraq, Moldova, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, France and the Czech Republic. Using Hert Hofstede's approach and his theory of cultural dimensions for the listed countries, the indicators characterizing the manifestation of the distance of power, individualism, masculinity, avoidance of uncertainty, long-term orientation and indulgence are analyzed. The countries which cultures are the closest to Ukraine’s one are identified according to the above mentioned methodology, and, consequently, the construction of communications with their representatives is more understandable and is characterized by lower probability of misunderstandings due to cultural factors. For other countries the cultural features similar and different from Ukraine ones are defined. Taking into account these features, recommendations for planning and conducting business negotiations with representatives of other countries, aimed at increasing the benefits and opportunities for Ukraine in the process of making joint decisions with partners are given.
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Ivorra Pérez, Francisco Miguel. "Cultural Values and Impolite Behaviour. The Case of Spaniards and North-Americans." Miscelánea: A Journal of English and American Studies 53 (December 15, 2016): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_misc/mj.20166832.
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This paper explores the influence of the individualism index (Hofstede 1991) of Spaniards and North-Americans on verbal impoliteness behaviour following Kaul de Marlangeon’s (2008) taxonomy of impolite acts. The level of social distance and affect between the interlocutors are considered as potential factors impacting on the use of impoliteness types and strategies. The corpus consists of scripts from a small sample of six movies (three from Spain and three from the US) and we follow an observational and a quantitative analysis. The findings reveal remarkable statistical differences as a result of the impact of cultural values on the verbal impoliteness behaviour of speakers from each country.
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Khan, Safeer Ullah, Xiangdong Liu, Ikram Ullah Khan, Cheng Liu, and Zahid Hameed. "Measuring the Effects of Risk and Cultural Dimensions on the Adoption of Online Stock Trading." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 14, no. 3 (July 2018): 106–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2018070106.
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Online stock trading (OST) is a growing phenomenon across countries, yet there is a sparse literature focusing on the negative utilities (risks) that causing the low adoption. Drawing from perceived risk theory, this article attempts to fill the gap by identifying the influential risk factors that impede the acceptance of OST in a developing country, Pakistan. The study also applies the Hofstede cultural theory to ascertain the effects of cultural moderators on investors' usage behavior (UB). Based on structured questionnaire, 443 valid responses were received from current and potential investors. The model was tested using structural equation modeling through Smart-PLS. The results validate a negative and significant relationship between risk dimensions and investors' behavioral intentions (BI) to use OST. Especially time, financial, performance, privacy and opportunity cost risks are found having a negative impact on investors' BI. Moreover, the study finds that cultural dimensions, collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance, moderate the relationship between BI and UB.
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Sasongko, Yohanes Probo Dwi, and Rustono Farady Marta. "EKSPRESI IDENTITAS MELALUI RELASI AYAH DAN ANAK PADA IKLAN YOUTUBE GRAB OFFICIAL." Bricolage : Jurnal Magister Ilmu Komunikasi 4, no. 02 (September 12, 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.30813/bricolage.v4i02.1656.
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<p>ABSTRACT<br />In each interaction between humans, messages and communication content have a significant impact on the audience. Likewise with the presence of advertisement as a message delivery medium that is packaged as well as possible between ad creators as communicators to the communicants. The fundamental orientation of this research is to explore Grab Official Ads uploaded on Youtube since November 2017, entitled "“Luangkan Waktu Untuknya yang Selalu Ada Untukmu!” (Take Time for Him Who Is Always There for You!) through the Cultural Dimensions Theory which was found by Hofstede. Grab attended to reveal the phenomenon of online transportation which kept a little pro-contra story in the society, but this mode of transporting people was increasingly popular because it was able to answer the need for high mobility. This study finds the dynamics of the cultural dimensions through appreciation of Grab for its customers by an advertisement that express Indonesian identity through the relationship between father and son in four of the six dimensions. The remaining two dimensions are consistently found in most pieces of the ads scenes, the interpretation of the researcher is inline with Hofstede Insight's principle for the majority percentages of Indonesian cultural dimensions.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Expression of Identity, Relationship, Youtube, Grab Official</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Dalam setiap kegiatan interaksi yang dilakukan manusia, pesan dan muatan komunikasi membawa dampak yang signifikan terhadap khalayak. Demikian pula dengan hadirnya iklan sebagai medium penghantar pesan yang dikemas sebaik mungkin antar kreator iklan sebagai komunikator kepada para komunikannya. Orientasi mendasar dari penelitian ini hendak menelusuri Iklan Grab Official yang diunggah pada Youtube sejak Bulan November 2017 yang bertajuk “Luangkan Waktu Untuknya yang Selalu Ada Untukmu!” melalui Teori Dimensi Budaya yang dicetuskan oleh Hofstede. Grab hadir menyibak fenomena transportasi online yang menyimpan sekelumit cerita pro-kontra di masyarakat, namun moda pengangkut orang ini justru kian digemari karena mampu menjawab kebutuhan akan tingginya mobilitas sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menemukan dinamika dimensi budaya melalui apresiasi Grab bagi para pelanggannya dalam iklan yang mengekspresikan identitas Indonesia melalui relasi diadik antara Ayah dan anaknya tersebut pada empat dari enam dimensi. Dua dimensi tersisa secara konsisten ditemukan pada sebagian besar potongan gambar adegan iklan, interpretasi peneliti ini sejalan dengan prinsip Hofstede Insight untuk mayoritas prosentase dimensi budaya Negara Indonesia.<br /><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> Ekspresi Identitas, Relasi, Youtube, Grab Official</p>
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Astina, Made Arya, and Anak Agung Gede Wijaya. "PERBANDINGAN NILAI BUDAYA KARYAWAN HOTEL DI SEMINYAK DAN UBUD." Jurnal Ilmiah Hospitality Management 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/jihm.v10i1.161.
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The research on this tourism human resource is titled Comparison of Employee Culture value hotels in Seminyak and Ubud. This research is a quantitative study conducted in two tourist destinations in Bali namely Seminyak and Ubud area. Data collection techniques are carried out by distribution of polls, and literature studies. The research period will be held in August 2019 – October 2019. As for the research subject specified is a number of each of the 60 employees of the hotel in both areas. Seminyak and Ubud area were chosen as the location of the research with several considerations: 1) Seminyak and Ubud are the main tourist destinations in Bali, 2) The growth of the number of hotels in both regions is equally fast, 3) the culture owned by hotel employees In Seminyak and Ubud need to be analyzed for product development (service). The theory used in the study was the cultural value theory of Hofstede. Angket (questionnaire) used to refer to VSM (Value Survey Mudule) developed by Hofstede. Since the province of Bali relies on the tourism sector for its region's major income, the research is important because human resources are an important component of the service. This research resulted in several findings on the similarities and differences in the value of hotel employees ' culture in Seminyak and Ubud areas.
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Waristi, Fino Valico. "Religion and Cultural Factors in Bilateral Trade between Indonesia and ASEAN Member Countries." Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan 18, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31685/kek.v18i2.46.
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This study focus on the roles of culture and religion in explaining the bilateral trade between Indonesia and the member of ASEAN countries. This research uses the theory of gravity (Gravity Model) by applying random effect and Pooled Regressions analysis in measuring the correlation between set variables. The tested variables are Indonesia's Real GDP, Real GDP of ASEAN countries, Distances, cost of trade, variable of Religion and Cultural factors, during the period of 2002 and 2011. We used secondary data from CEIC, CEPIl, and Hofstede index. The results show that religon does not significantly affect the bilateral trade, while culture similarity has tendencies to affect bilateral trade. Meanwhile, the result supports prior analysis that the distance variable has strong correlation to the bilateral trade. This study implies the need for further studies on the application of gravity models to explain bilateral trade within countries in the region.
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Liu, Xueqian. "A Cross-cultural Comparison of Chinese and American Tourists’ Satisfaction with Chengdu." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 03026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125103026.
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Compared with China’s domestic and outbound tourism, China’s inbound tourism has developed relatively slowly. An understanding of cultural similarities and differences can support destination managers in formulating strategies and increase the satisfaction of inbound tourists. As one of the best tourist cities in China, Chengdu is an important destination for inbound tourists. Meanwhile, American tourists are the major source of tourists for Chengdu’s inbound tourism. Based on the Cultural Dimensions Theory proposed by Hofstede, this research focuses on a cross-cultural comparison of two important markets for Chengdu tourism: Chinese and American tourists. In addition, electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM) has become an important source of tourist information, the analysis of E-WOM may provide more insights into users’ feelings than questionnaires. This study uses content analysis to quantify online reviews and importance performance analysis to compare the importance and satisfaction of Chinese and American tourists with destination attributes. The results clearly show the comparison between the two groups in destination assessment.
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Rantanen, Teemu, and Timo Toikko. "The relationship between individualism and entrepreneurial intention – a Finnish perspective." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 11, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-10-2014-0021.
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Purpose This study aims to analyze the relationship between individualist values and entrepreneurial intentions. Previous surveys have shown that major national differences in entrepreneurial intentions can be observed within Europe and that part of this variation can be explained by cultural values, especially the individualism–collectivism dimension. However, previous findings about the relationship between individualism and entrepreneurship remain contradictory. Design/methodology/approach This study is a micro-level analysis of the influence of individualistic values. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991, 2001) and theories of individualism advanced by Hofstede (1980) and Triandis and Gelfand (1998). The research data were gathered from a survey of Finnish students (N = 725). Findings The results show that the relationship between cultural values and entrepreneurial intention is very complex. In contrast to Hofstede (1980), the study assumes individualism and collectivism to be two separate and independent dimensions of cultural values, both of which have a positive, indirect effect on entrepreneurial intention by way of subjective norms and perceived control. Practical implications Both individualist and collectivist values promote entrepreneurial intentions. From this point of view, general citizenship education, which supports the development of young people’s cultural values, can be seen as a significant element in entrepreneurship education. This suggests an instance of holistic education, the aim of which is for individuals’ autonomy and contestability to be combined with community and collective responsibility. Originality/value The analysis of Triandis and Gelfand (1998) has not been systematically utilized in the previous studies on entrepreneurial intentions. The findings of this study address not only the influence of psychological factors over entrepreneurial intentions but also the impact of individualist and collectivist values. The results complement the results of previous studies.
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Bandeira Pinheiro, Alan, Raquel Da Silva Arruda, Thicia Stela Lima Sampaio, and Wendy Beatriz Witt Haddad Carraro. "The Role of Cultural Values in Carbon Disclosure: A Global Perspective." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 16 (February 26, 2022): e02866. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v16.2866.
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Purpose: This research has as a guiding question: What is the influence of cultural values on companies' carbon disclosure? Theoretical framework: As a theoretical basis for the construction of the research hypotheses, Institutional Theory was used, which states that the national environment can shape the behavior of companies. Method/design/approach: This paper analyzed the carbon disclosure of a sample of 1579 companies, headquartered in 19 countries. To compose the cultural values of the countries, the framework of Hofstede (1983) was used. This author points out that four characteristics measure a country's cultural system: distance from power; individualism; masculinity; and uncertainty aversion. Data were analyzed using hierarchical data regression. Results and conclusion: In countries with more hierarchical institutions, companies are discouraged from having a greater role in carbon disclosure. Additionally, in more individualistic cultures, companies also have less disclosure of their carbon emissions. In countries with greater tolerance for cultural diversity, companies disclose more carbon information. Research implications: The results of this work can be used by managers when defining their corporate disclosure policies. Managers must understand how the country's institutional dynamics work, especially the cultural values of society, before starting new businesses. Originality/value: This study presents new empirical evidence that proves the assumptions of Institutional Theory. Value is also added in research on environmental disclosure, focusing on carbon disclosure across multiple countries.
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Karthikadevi, C. G., C. Jothi, and P. Priyadharshini. "The Role of Gender and Cultural Psychology in the Discourse of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Arranged Marriage." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 2 (March 15, 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n2p3.
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The term 'Cultural Psychology' refers to the idea that culture and mind are inseparable. Cultural Psychology has its root from the 1960s and 1970s. But it has attained its zenith and popularity during the 1980s and 1990s. Some of the prominent cultural psychologists are Harry C. Triandis, Fiske, Hofstede, Susan T. Fiske, Eva Magnusson, Jeanne Marecek, Hazel Rose Markus, Shinobu Kittayama, Richard Shweder etc. The present study aims to portray the issues of gender bias and male domination through the cultural conflict which affects the characters physically and psychologically in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Arranged Marriage. The Introduction deals with the overall view of the stories and themes. The Literature review focuses on the studies relevant to cultural psychology. The Methodology section discusses the cultural and gender issues with the theory and approaches of Eva Magnusson and Jeanne Marecek's Gender and Culture in Psychology. The Discussion part gives the results of the study. The study is compared and discussed with the other studies relevant to gender-based and cultural psychology concepts. The conclusion sums up the entire study and its limitation and scope for future researchers.
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Bondaruk, T. I. "Law and its interpretation in the context of cultural and historical process." INTERPRETATION OF LAW: FROM THE THEORY TO THE PRACTICE, no. 12 (2021): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2021-12-20.
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The article attempts to substantiate the approach to law as a socio-cultural phenomenon as decisive for its interpretationтin the historical process. P. Bourdieu’s formula «law is cultural capital» is offered as a starting point. Attention is drawn to law as a socio-cultural phenomenon, legal values as cultural and spiritual values, legal tradition, etc. Attention is drawn to some provisions of Dvorkin’s interpretive theory regarding the conditionality of the content of legal norms by political (strategies pursued by legislators through norms) or moral (principles implemented by judges in resolving conflicts in society) factors. It is concluded that to interpret the law in historical retrospect, when it comes to mastering the legal experience of a society accumulated over the centuries, the most productive, considering and researching law as a socio-cultural phenomenon. Culture, the core of which is values, as a collective programming of consciousness, which distinguishes members of one group or type of people from another (according to G. Hofstede), which includes law, determines the level of implementation and collective life of people in society / state, their social integration and social reproduction in general during a certain historical period. Keywords: law, socio-cultural phenomenon, cultural-historical process, interpretation.
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Yuryeva, Yulia B. "ADDRESS FORM AS A REFLECTION OF ETHNO-CULTURAL STYLE OF COMMUNICATION (based on British and Canadian English)." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 532–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-2-532-543.
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Culture and the process of communication are interrelated, since culture not only indicates between which members of the society a communication act is possible, but also helps to decode correctly the meaning of the message that was encoded, and also according to what conditions the message would be correctly interpreted by the interlocutor. The historically established ethno-cultural style of communication (T. Larina) reflects the communicative peculiarities of people’s behavior when choosing verbal and non-verbal means in the process of communication. The article is devoted to sociocultural features that influence the choice of language means for expressing an initial speech formula. The aim of our research is to examine address forms in the boundaries of one language but in two different countries (Canada, Great Britain) with their historical and cultural background. We draw on Cultural Dimensions of G. Hofstede (1991), the Theory of Politeness (Brown & Levinson 1987, Leech 2014), the background of Intercultural Pragmatics (A. Wierzbicka 2003, I. Kecskes 2014), Speech Accommodation Theory (Giles 1977) and etc. The article presents the results of the study on the usage of address forms among the representatives of British English (BrE) and Canadian English (CanE) in order to identify similarities and differences and to explain the results according to cultural characteristics.
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Chen, Yong, and Hong Chen. "Innovation and Social Media: Cultural Impacts on the Opinion Influence Process in Brand Communities." Journal of Industrial Integration and Management 01, no. 04 (December 2016): 1650013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424862216500135.
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Innovation is crucial for firms to gain competition advantages. Social media provides firms a new platform to facilitate innovation because consumers are getting more involved in the whole innovation process with the help of Web 2.0 technologies. Social media has been used as an important tool by firms to influence consumers’ attitude and behavior. Influence occurs in social media-based brand communities because community members have the control of discovering, producing, sharing, and distributing information and because the spread out of their experiences and opinions in the format of electronic word-of-mouth forms brand images. Because social media has the ability of global reach, cross-border factors should not be neglected in studying the influence process. As such, this paper adopts national cultural dimensions identified by Hofstede (1984), individualism/collectivism and power distance particularly, the index of cultural distance, and the social influence theory to explore how culture impacts the opinion influence occurring in social media-based brand communities. Furthermore, this paper predicts that the use of social media facilitate firms’ innovation due to consumers’ active involvement.
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Patrakov, Vladimir Petrovich. "EUROPEAN GENOCODES OF NATIONAL CULTURES. IN VARIETATE CONCORDIA." UKRAINIAN ASSEMBLY OF DOCTORS OF SCIENCES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1, no. 14 (June 16, 2018): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/vadnd.v1i14.112.
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This paper has summarized the foundations of the author’s interdisciplinary concept of national cultures genocodes (NCG), which represents synthesis of of the Hegelian doctrine about national spirits (Volksgeist), the Jung’s theory of the collective unconscious, system of hexagrams of the Ancient Chinese Book of Changes and Girt Hofstede’s measurements of national cultures. There are generic genes (archetypes) and species ones in the national genocodes. Generic genes are the cornerstone of 6 cultural kingdoms, and specific genes — separate national cultures. All countries measured by Hofstede are divided into 6 cultural kingdoms. Kingdoms of Qian, Creative (USA, Canada, Australia, Poland and Scandinavia), Lee, Radiance (Western Europe) and Gen, Keeping Still (Japan) have an individualistic genocode. Kingdoms Zhen, Arousing (Russia, the Balkans, Greece, Turkey, Central Asia), Dui, Joyous (Africa, Latin America, Middle East) and Kun, Receptive (China, India and Southeast Asia) have a collectivist genocode. The basis of European civilization is the generic genes of the kingdoms of Lee, Qian and Zhen. The interaction between the generic and species genes of these kingdoms, their complementarity or conflict lies at the heart of alliances or wars between states. It has been shown that the greatest conflicts are observed between countries with individualistic and collectivist cultures, therefore the Balkan countries, Greece, Turkey and Russia throughout history were in a varying degree unfavorable relations with the Western European countries. But studying NCG will allow to minimize tension between countries, to understand a role and the place of each country in the World and in particular the European Cultural Space, to lay a way to the long-term union of peoples and states.
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Alfiero, Simona, Massimo Cane, Ruggiero Doronzo, and Alfredo Esposito. "The effect of national cultural differences of board members on integrated reporting." Corporate Board role duties and composition 14, no. 1 (2018): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv14i1art1.
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This research, based on stakeholder theory and the national cultural dimensions, aims to test the influence of foreigners on board and its size on Integrated Reporting (IR) practices. The analysis is based on a sample of 1,058 European companies from 18 different countries, who adopted or not the IR for the year 2015, and it relies on a Logit. The dependent variable is a dummy (presenting or not the IR) and the independent variables are represented by the board characteristics (foreigners and size). The impact of the critical mass on the presence of foreigners and the cultural dimension on the basis of directors’ nationality was tested relying on the masculinity/femininity dimension of Hofstede. Besides, the directors’ country of origin was considered, namely if they belong to the major European countries presenting a wider IR diffusion. The relationship between foreigners on board and IR is found to be negative. This means that companies with at least one foreigner are less inclined to adopt IR. The results show that the boards with more of three foreign administrators have a major propensity to adopt the IR. The membership of the directors in countries with a feminist culture also has a positive effect.
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Yendri Zal, Putra, and Nunik Hariyanti. "Crosscultural Communication Nias Ethnic and Minangkabau Ethnic in Nagari Sungai Buluah Barat." Jurnal Spektrum Komunikasi 10, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37826/spektrum.v10i3.242.
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Cross-cultural communication occurs between individuals and groups who have different cultural backgrounds. One case of communication in the perspective of cross-cultural communication is between the Nias community and the Minangkabau community in Nagari Sungai Buluah Barat, Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra. This study aims to describe how cross-cultural communication occurs in the Nias and Minangkabau tribal communities in Nagari Sungai Buluah Barat using the six cultural dimensions proposed by Hofstede. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The number of resource persons in this study amounted to six people. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, documentation, and the Face Negotiation Theory to analyze the research results. This study indicates that the Nias and Minangkabau tribes in Nagari Sungai Buluah Barat have reached a form of compromise and mutually accept all conditions of differences and then maintain boundaries in acting to create harmony. They have the awareness that they are only the next generation who continue the concept of life passed down by their ancestors long ago. A Malakok tradition is a form of assimilation of Minangkabau culture to Nias because Nias is an immigrants to Minangkabau land.
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Hagag, Wegdan, Lillian Clark, and Colin Wheeler. "A framework for understanding the website preferences of Egyptian online travel consumers." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 9, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-03-2013-0008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for understanding issues affecting Egyptian online travel website preferences. Design/methodology/approach – Grounded theory was selected due to its suitability in generating frameworks from data gathered plus existing theory. Findings – The research describes the development of the electronic cultural adaptation framework (E-CAF), which consists of six theoretical dimensions that allow both researchers and practitioners to comprehend how Egyptian cultural values can affect their online travel shopping behaviour, in particular website design preferences. Research limitations/implications – The construction of the E-CAF is based on research into Egyptian online travel consumers. Development of the E-CAF could be expanded using participants from different cultural groups and other shopping domains. Practical implications – This research will help practitioners to understand how Egyptian cultural values can affect online behaviour and assist in developing strategies for local adaptations of online travel offerings. The framework will also provide web designers with guidelines for gathering and developing requirements from clients to implement culturally adaptive web interfaces for Egyptian consumers. Originality/value – While there are a number of existing cultural frameworks in existence, such as those of Hofstede, Hall, or Schwartz, these frameworks are not based on consumer behaviour, either online or offline, and are, therefore, not optimally suited for use in online marketing strategies or web design for Egyptian consumers. This research overcomes these limitations by providing a framework that recognises how cultural values can impact Egyptian consumer behaviour and provides a platform for further research, as well as online marketing strategies and tactics.
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Schinzel, Ursula. "Responsible leadership and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Luxembourg." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 26, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-09-2017-1241.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a link between responsible leadership and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Luxembourg and also to determine Luxembourg’s specifics in the field of CSR. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative study. In total, 64 semi-structured interviews were conducted from January to August 2017 with four culturally different samples: Luxembourgers with Luxembourgish nationality, foreigners who reside in Luxembourg, cross-borderers and the rest of the world. Findings Responses from all four samples were similar on the one hand and quite contradictory on the other. Three groups were formed: euphoric respondents who said it is the authenticity of the leader and his modelling role in lived CSR; moderate respondents; critical respondents who deny any link between responsible leadership and CSR and claim for change and innovation, accusing the high Uncertainty Avoidance Index. In their opinion, there is an urgent need for managers to learn responsible leadership and CSR. Practical implications This paper contributes to the discussion on change and innovation in the field of leadership theory with particular emphasis on responsible leadership following Michael Maccoby, on multilingual and multicultural Luxembourg in the middle of Europe following Geert Hofstede and Edgar Schein and on CSR following Thomas Maak and Nicole Pless. Originality/value This study is a combination of research on responsible leadership and CSR in Luxembourg in connection with Hofstede’s cultural dimensions: high long-term orientation, high uncertainty avoidance and high collectivism (low individualism).
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White, Marta Szabo. "International Immersion In The Classroom: A New Paradigm." College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal (CTMS) 2, no. 3 (July 22, 2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ctms.v2i3.5263.
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Business, language and cultural eccentricities are the cornerstones of nation-state sovereignty. Cultural diversity presents a myriad of challenges for academia and business. Cross-cultural frameworks serve to transcend barriers and promote classroom learning to an immersion category. In this paper, notable cross-cultural frameworks are explored, including the Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck, Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, Hofstede and Lewis. The first three of these theoretical models will be familiar to most. The Lewis model transcends the first three, and is fully explained in Lewis newest book, The Cultural Imperative. Grounded in this theory, Richard Lewis developed a cultural assessment exercise, Cultureactive, which identifies individual cultural profiles. Richard Lewis Cultureactive may be linked to an enriched experience for students of International Business, or any class that has an international component. The transition from Cultureactive to InterCultural Edge [ICE] has been a remarkable journey. ICE is a collaborative initiative between the Fuqua School of Business, Duke CIBER, Richard Lewis Communications, and Cultureactive.com. ICE is web-based product that teaches cross-cultural awareness in business settings by focusing on individual assessments. This allows the executive/student to compare personal results with team results and national cultural profiles. Both research and teaching consortia have been assembled to establish the research validation for ICE as well as develop a certified teaching network. The potential of the Richard Lewis model may be realized by fostering the development of promising cross-cultural research and enabling students to experience Culturactive today and ICE tomorrow.
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Wan Mohd Isa, Wan Abdul Rahim, Ahmad Iqbal Hakim Suhaimi, Nurulhuda Noordin, and Rabiatul Adawiyah Hashim. "Exploring mobile learning development lifecycle with cultural context." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp903-909.
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<p>Based on the preliminary study, there are two problems that the development team faces; lack of development model or guideline with culture context for mobile learning developments and lack of cultural context in user interface and user experience of mobile learning development and practices. The main objectives are; (i) to propose Mobile Learning Development Lifecycle Cultural Model and to (ii) assess the proposed Mobile Learning Development Lifecycle Cultural Model. An IT scholar and five IT staff involved in mobile learning development based on the public and private sector at Klang Valley, Malaysia had been chosen for the interview session. The collected data has been analyzed by applying the thematic analysis approach. The first objective was achieved based on IT scholar reviewed on the model proposed. The IT scholar reviewed, (i) challenges on mobile learning development, (ii) theory of Hofstede on the design phase, (iii) user persona on the requirements phase, (iv) advantages of using the proposed model and (v) challenges on Mobile Learning Development Lifecycle Cultural Model. Then, the second objective was achieved by analyzing the qualitative information from the IT staff on the model proposed. The assessment was done by the IT staff for the Mobile Learning Development Lifecycle Cultural Model. There were four primary categories highlighted by the IT staffs which were (i) challenges on mobile learning development, (ii) overcome the challenges, (iii) important elements in mobile learning development and (iv) advantages of Mobile Learning Development Lifecycle Cultural Model. For future work, this study can include more IT scholar and IT staff from diverse positions from multiple organizations.</p>
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Wu, Bao-qin, Muhammad Afzaal, Abdul Ghaffar, and Swaleha Bano Naqvi. "A Comparative Study of Cultural Values in Chinese and American Parenting Reflected in The Joy Luck Club." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n2p244.
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Education plays a pivotal role in a country’s progress and rejuvenation. As the most basic and vital stage in education, parenting exerts an invaluable role in supporting the progress of children. Under the influence of production mode, geographical environment, national policy and other factors, education in different countries takes on a unique and distinguishable character in correspondence with its cultural and geographical contexts. China and America are two prominent countries on the world map which represent, in many ways, divergent national culture models. Taking Strodtbeck and Kluckhohn’s theory of cultural values combined with Hofstede’s national culture model as the theoretical framework, and the novel The Joy Luck Club as data, the study investigates differences in Chinese and American parenting in terms of cultural values from the perspectives of humankind and nature, time orientation, activity orientation and social relationships. Comparing the two styles of parenting, the study argues that Chinese parenting is distinguishable from American parenting in many aspects, including parenting idea, parenting content and parenting method. Adopting a monitoring role, the Chinese parents foreground criticism in parenting, whereas American parents tend to prefer encouragement as the cornerstone of their parenting style, demonstrating a democratic approach and magnanimity towards their children.
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Kahiga, Naomi, Hellen Mberia, and Kyalo Wa Ngula. "INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL DYNAMICS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEDIA FRAMING AND THE PERCEPTION OF OBESITY AMONG MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA." International Journal of Communication and Public Relation 6, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijcpr.1236.
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Purpose: To assess the moderating influence of cultural dynamics on the relationship between media framing and the perception of obesity among middle-aged women in Nairobi County, Kenya.
Methodology: This study applied the one-group pretest-posttest experimental design. In the one-group pretest-posttest experimental design all study participants provided with the same treatment and assessment. The researcher therefore, collected data using the pre-and posttest questionnaires. The treatment administered was a television program titled Slimpossible, which showcased middle-aged Kenyan women suffering from the stigma of obesity who were participating in a competition to lose their weight. The multi-stage cluster sampling technique was applied in this study. Out of the target population of 1848 participants, the study sample was 317 academic female staff found in three public universities in Nairobi County, Kenya. In this research study, the analysis applied descriptive statistics and the inferential analysis tools such as the Factor analysis (The Keiser-Meyer –Olkin (KMO) test), Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis (logical regression).
Findings: The study sought to assess the moderating influence of cultural dynamics on the relationship between media framing and the perception of obesity among middle-aged women in Nairobi County, Kenya. Therefore, the finding also brought about interactions between cultural dynamics and the independent media frames in connection to the perception of obesity. It was concluded that the perception of obesity from the African culture and Western culture was different. The respondents had positive outlook on middle-aged obese women opposed to the dictates of Western culture.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: In terms of contribution to theory, this study emanated from the cross-cultural communication theory. The theory recognizes the value of culture and how it relates to people’s perception on obesity. Hurn and Tomalin (2013) opined that some of the most strategic researchers in the field of cross-cultural communication include Edward Hall, Mildred Hall and Geert Hofstede in the 1950s.
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Keillor, Bruce D., G. Tomas M. Hult, Robert C. Erffmeyer, and Emin Babakus. "NATID: The Development and Application of a National Identity Measure for Use in International Marketing." Journal of International Marketing 4, no. 2 (June 1996): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9600400205.
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The international marketing literature abounds with studies outlining the various similarities and differences that exist across cultural and national boundaries (e.g. Hofstede 1980 ). Unfortunately, many of these studies have focused on descriptive comparisons between cultures and nations. This article develops a measurement instrument designed to explicate the degree to which national identity can be specified and the differences between that national identity and other nations. Utilizing Churchill's (1979) , and Anderson and Gerbing's (1988) guidelines for scale construction and application, this article develops an instrument to measure national identity and establishes norms for its usage, using samples from the United States, Japan, and Sweden. The overall objective of this study is threefold: 1) to develop an empirically sound instrument for measuring national identity; 2) to explore the importance placed on a unique national identity in the three nations comprising the sample; and 3) to consider differences in the underlying dimensions comprising these countries’ national identity and their impact on marketing strategy. The development of such a measurement instrument should provide a means by which the results of cross-cultural and cross-national research can be empirically tested and on which more rigorous theory building can be based.
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Rovai, Ricardo Leonardo, and Guilherme Ary Plonski. "Strategies of Internationalization of Multinational Brazilian Enterprises: Evaluation of the Cultural National Dimensions." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v13i2.2006.
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This article has since objective sketches an evolutive picture of the Brazilian multinationals, from the perspective of the development of the Latin-American multinationals, from the point of view of his insertion in the process of globalization. It is looked to characterize the typical profile of these enterprises in agreement with the Model of Dunning to be confirmed if this typology still if adequate the characterization of the strategies of internationalization. In the complementary form, there is used the Theory of the Cultural Dimensions of Hofstede .While doing this, one checked in which measure the strategic alignment is orientated á marks in terms of: (i) exploration of natural resources and advantages of costs of labour not qualified (resource seeking); advantages (ii) of location and synergies of market (market seeking); investments (iii) orientated to the search of strategic assets of the type efficiency seeking (for what they look to rationalize the production and to explore savings of specialization and location); investments (iv) of the type strategic asset seeking (turned to the acquisition of resources and competences with the objective to develop his competitiveness through of the innovation and growth of the strategic capacities). There is claimed also summarize the picture referential system that makes possible the development of a future diary of inquiries for the delineation of the principal strategies, of the public politics of the National States and the financial strategies of these enterprises.
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Roman, Aureliana-Geta, Mihaela Mocanu, and Răzvan Hoinaru. "Disclosure Style and Its Determinants in Integrated Reports." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 2, 2019): 1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071960.
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Integrated Reporting promotes a more cohesive and efficient approach to corporate reporting and aims to improve the quality of information available to providers of financial capital. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the determinants of readability and optimism which build the disclosure style of integrated reports. Our research draws on impression management theory and legitimacy theory, while also taking into consideration the cultural system of Hofstede with its further developments by Gray. Our sample consisted of 30 annual reports, extracted randomly from the Integrated Reporting examples database set up by the International Integrated Reporting Council. For the purposes of our investigation, we have carried out a multivariate regression analysis. Firstly, our results show that the higher the revenues of the reporting company, the more balanced their integrated reports, while younger companies use a more optimistic tone when reporting. Additionally, optimism seems to be inversely correlated with the length of the reports. Secondly, entities based in countries with a stronger tendency towards transparency surprisingly provide less readable integrated reports. It was also revealed that companies operating in non-environmentally sensitive industries, as well as International Financial Reporting Standards adopters deliver foggier and thus less readable integrated reports.
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Abdul Halim, Abdul Hamid, Muhammad Hafizi Zamri, and Mohd Faizol Rizal Mohd Rasid. "The Effect of Individualism and Collectivism on Customer Satisfaction in Retail Sector: Asian versus Western Culture." Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship 3, SI (December 15, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14421.
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Customer satisfaction is defined as the customer's attitude towards the perceived service performance, which results from the differences in pre-existing expectations and the actual service performance. There are many factors that can lead to customer satisfaction, but instead of looking into all factors, it is interesting to look at cultural differences since the study focuses on the Malaysian setting, which is known for the multicultural environment. More interestingly, businesses in Malaysia not only involve local customers, but as well as customers from Asian and Western regions. The aims of this study are to determine the relationship between individualism and collectivism towards customer service satisfaction, specifically in the retail sector which involves multinational brands as well as multicultural customers. The use of Geert Hofstede Dimension theory in this study is because it is one of the most important theory in cultural differences studies and has generated a large body of research. A quantitative method has been used and the study has been conducted on 103 respondents, 51.5 % are from Asian origin and 48.5% are of Western origin. Although both individualism and collectivism have a significant impact on customer service satisfaction in the retail sector, it is proven in this study that collectivism has more to do in determining the satisfaction level as a whole. It is recommended that further studies should be done outside of Klang Valley. Furthermore, future research should seek to expand the pool of potential explanatory variables such as how cultural differences factor can help influence customer satisfaction.
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NAUMENKO, T. V. "THE ECONOMIC HUMAN MODEL AND ITS ROLE IN STUDYING MODERN SOCIAL PROCESSES." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1, no. 4 (2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.04.01.003.
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The problem of the model of an economic person in modern scientific theory occupies an essential place. Post-nonclassical science, focusing its attention on the subject of scientific research, puts at the center of research the influence of a person on all processes of society, including economic ones. The influence of the human factor and the factor of culture on the economy is studied by many modern economists in order to identify the most general patterns of functioning of national cultures and national economies. The article proposes a culturological interpretation of the model of an economic person on the basis of ethnometric parameters developed by the Dutch sociologist G. Hofstede, provides evidence of the need to build new models of a person in the economy, taking into account the culturally specific characteristics of nations, and also substantiates the thesis existing in modern humanities about the influence of culture on the economy. The homo economicus model of man is one of the most widespread and most debated. At the same time, in the scientific space, the model of the economic person is assigned a crucial role for achieving the prosperity of nations. At the same time, the thesis that in economics culture has a meaning that has a great influence on the study of models of an economic person from the standpoint of culturological science and sociology becomes important. Ethnometric indices developed by G. Hofstede allow for a correlation analysis between such cultural indicators as a high level of individualism, dominance of masculine values, and a long-term period of life planning and satisfaction of one's desires, combined with a low power distance and lack of fear of change, help to achieve a high economic development of the nation. Despite the belief of many sociologists and economists that the possession of these characteristics leads to the prosperity of the nation, none of the developed European countries, based on the results of their development, confirms the conclusion about such a correspondence. In this regard, it seems correct to abandon the construction of a universal model of a person in the economy and focus on the culturally specific characteristics of individual nations with their potential for economic development. The toolkit developed by G. Hofstede undoubtedly has a high heuristic potential in the study of the relationship and interdependence of culture and economy, but it is also obvious that the universalization of the model of an economic person is possible only in theory, and in the case of practical application, it deviates to some extent from the ideal model. due to the peculiarities of national cultures, which have a significant impact on the economic prosperity of nations.
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Karim, Faten, and Giselle Rampersad. "Factors Affecting the Adoption of Cloud Computing in Saudi Arabian Universities." Computer and Information Science 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v10n2p109.
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Cloud computing is a novel trend in the sphere of information technology. This research sought to identify the factors that could influence the adoption of cloud computing in Saudi Arabian universities, and to comprehend the theories of technology adoption that apply to the uptake of cloud computing in organisations or for individuals, and how they pertained to the study reported here. Four categories of possible influencers were investigated: technological, organisational, environmental, and cultural. This mixed-methods study was based in extended TOE theory (technology, organisation, and environment) and the Hofstede model, which includes cultural factors. To accomplish the goals of the research, an exploratory study consisting of two phases, including qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (survey) was initiated to determine the importance of each of these influencers and the degree of influence. The results revealed that the factors of relative advantage, compatibility, top management support, readiness, competitive pressure, regulatory support, high masculinity, and high individualism have positive impacts on the adoption of cloud computing in this particular context. They also showed that security concerns, high uncertainty avoidance, and high power distance have negative impacts on cloud computing adoption. Unexpectedly, the results indicated that complexity, language and religion do not influence the adoption process.
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Kapiyangoda, Kumudu, and Tharusha Gooneratne. "Institutions, agency, culture and control: a case study of a multinational operating company." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 14, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 402–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-07-2017-0056.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore how management control systems (MCS) of an operating company (Delta Lanka) of a multinational corporation (MNC) is shaped through the interplay between external institutional influences via global prescriptions stemming from the parent company culture and localisation needs as suited to cultural context of the operating company through the agency of practice level actors. Design/methodology/approach Theoretically, the paper draws upon institutional theory, more specifically the notions of external institutions and agency of practice level actors, while methodologically, it adopts the single-site case study approach under the qualitative tradition. Findings The findings suggest that given the complex setting of being encountered with multiple cultural ramifications, MCS of Delta Lanka encompasses compulsory elements instigated by the parent company, and non-compulsory elements as attuned to the realities of the local culture of the operating company. The authors show how imposed practices in the institutional environment by the parent company (homogeneity) interact with agentic aspects of actors in the operating company giving rise to practice variation (heterogeneity) in the adoption of controls at the local level. Practical implications The paper offers insights on how practicing managers in operating companies of MNCs could formulate control systems by striking a balance between multiple cultural considerations (of the parent and operating company). This would be a lesson for managers of other firms (especially MNCs). Originality/value By bringing together multitude of cultural dimensions relating to the parent company and operating company into a single study in the area of management control, this paper adds to the burgeoning literature on the interplay between external institutions, agency of actors, culture and MCS. It also contributes to the on-going debate on MCS research taking a post-Hofstede orientation while extending the use of institutional theory in management accounting research in MNCs.
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Vershinina, Natalia, Kassa Woldesenbet Beta, and William Murithi. "How does national culture enable or constrain entrepreneurship? Exploring the role of Harambee in Kenya." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 4 (August 13, 2018): 687–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-03-2017-0143.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise how various value dimensions of Harambee, the Kenyan culture, affect the fostering of entrepreneurial behaviours. Theoretically, we draw upon perspectives that view culture as a toolkit and use cultural variables provided by Hofstede to examine the links between national culture and entrepreneurial endeavours in an African context. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on review and synthesis of accessible secondary sources (published research, country-specific reports, policy documents, firm-level empirical evidences, etc.) on the topic and related areas to understand and advance research propositions on the link between enterprising efforts and national culture specific to the Kenyan context. Findings Several theoretical propositions are offered on themes of collective reliance, social responsibility, enterprising, resource mobilisation and political philanthropy to establish relationships, both positive and negative, between values of Harambee and entrepreneurial behaviours. Further, the study provides initial insights into how actors blend both collectivistic and emergent individualistic orientations and display collective identity in the process of mobilising resources and engaging in entrepreneurship. Research limitations/implications The conceptual framework presented bears a considerable relevance to the advancing theory, policy and practice associated with the national culture and entrepreneurial behaviour in the African context and has potential to generate valuable insights. Originality/value This original study provides a springboard for studying the relationship between African cultural context and entrepreneurial behaviours.
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Akıner, İlknur, İbrahim Yitmen, Muhammed Ernur Akıner, and Nurdan Akıner. "The Memetic Evolution of Latin American Architectural Design Culture." Buildings 11, no. 7 (July 3, 2021): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11070288.
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Architecture is an evolutionary field. Through time, it changes and adapts itself according to two things: the environment and the user, which are the touchstones of the concept of culture. Culture changes in long time intervals because of its cumulative structure, so its effects can be observed on a large scale. A nation displays itself with its culture and uses architecture as a tool to convey its cultural identity. This dual relationship between architecture and culture can be observed at various times and in various lands, most notably in Latin American designers. The geographical positions of Latin American nations and their political situations in the twentieth century leads to the occurrence of a recognizable cultural identity, and it influenced the architectural design language of that region. The nonlinear forms in architecture were once experienced commonly around Latin America, and this design expression shows itself in the designers’ other works through time and around the world. The cultural background of Latin American architecture investigated within this study, in terms of their design approach based upon the form and effect of Latin American culture on this architectural design language, is examined with the explanation of the concept of culture by two leading scholars: Geert Hofstede and Richard Dawkins. This paper nevertheless puts together architecture and semiology by considering key twentieth century philosophers and cultural theorist methodologies. Cultural theorist and analyst Roland Barthes was the first person to ask architects to examine the possibility of bringing semiology and architectural theory together. Following an overview of existing semiological conditions, this paper analyzed Roland Barthes and Umberto Eco’s hypothesis of the semiological language of architectural designs of Latin American designers by examining their cultural origin. The work’s findings express the historical conditions that enabled the contemporary architecture and culture study of Latin America between 1945 and 1975 to address the “Latin American model” of architectural modernism.
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Rovai, Riccardo, Marcos Roberto Piscopo, and Emerson Antonio Maccari. "Innovation in the strategies of Internationalization of Brazilian Multinationals: Evaluation of the Cultural National Dimensions: A Study Case of the Meat Processing Sector." International Journal of Innovation 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/iji.v1i1.5.
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This article sketches the evolution of Brazilian multinational companies, from the perspective of the development of Latin-American multinational companies, with respect to the process of globalization. With this article, we looked to characterize the typical profile of these enterprises in agreement with the Dunning Model to confirm if this typology is adequate for the characterization of internationalization strategies. We also explored the Theory of the Cultural Dimensions of Hofstede. While doing this, we analyzed which model measures the strategic alignment and is more orientated in terms of: (i) exploration of natural resources and advantages of costs of labor not qualified (resource seeking), advantages; (ii) location and synergies of market (market seeking), investments; (iii) search of strategic assets of the type efficiency seeking (for what they look to rationalize the production and to explore savings of specialization and location), investments; and (iv) type of strategic asset seeking (turned to the acquisition of resources and competences with the objective to develop competitiveness through of the innovation and growth of strategic capacities). We also summarize the referential system that makes possible the development of future inquiries for the delineation of the principal strategies, of the public politics of the National States, and also the financial strategies of these enterprises. Keywords: Strategic innovation; Brazilian multinationals; foreign investment; globalization; Latin American multinationals and multinationals from emerging countries