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Journal articles on the topic 'Hognose'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Hoaglund, Erica P., and Christopher E. Smith. "Lessons learned." Reptiles & Amphibians 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v19i3.13899.

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The Plains Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus) has been the focus of many studies due, in part, to this species' interesting morphological characteristics and death-feigning behavior. However, significant gaps exist in our understanding of this species' natural history. Often perceived to be a semi-fossorial species in the literature, our data suggests that this species spends the majority of its time during the active season above ground. In addition, we provide some of the first data on communal hibernation for this species. Also discussed are observations on nocturnality, oophagy, and reproduction. Given that the plain Hognose Snake is imperiled in many of the states and provinces in which it occurs, additional research is needed to better inform in-situ conservation efforts.

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2

Kato, Kasumi, Hiroshi Kato, and Akimichi Morita. "A case of Western hognose snake bite." Journal of Cutaneous Immunology and Allergy 2, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cia2.12041.

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3

Buchanan, Scott W., Brad C. Timm, Robert P. Cook, Richard Couse, and Lisa C. Hazard. "Spatial ecology and habitat selection of eastern hognose snakes." Journal of Wildlife Management 81, no. 3 (March 9, 2017): 509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21218.

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4

Rousselet, Estelle, Terry M. Norton, Maxey Wellman, Nicole Kohart, and Nicole I. Stacy. "Presumptive granulocytic leukemia in a hognose snake (Heterodon platirhinos)." Veterinary Quarterly 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2017.1281464.

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5

W. Stern, Adam, Karen E. Velguth, and Jennifer D'Agostino. "Metastatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in a Western Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 41, no. 2 (June 2010): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2008-0207r1.1.

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6

Plummer, Michael V., and Nathan E. Mills. "Body Temperature Variation in Free-Ranging Hognose Snakes (Heterodon platirhinos)." Journal of Herpetology 44, no. 3 (September 2010): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/09-093.1.

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Plummer, Michael V., and Nathan E. Mills. "Observations on Trailing and Mating Behaviors in Hognose Snakes (Heterodon platirhinos)." Journal of Herpetology 30, no. 1 (March 1996): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564713.

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8

Burghardt, Gordon M., and Harry W. Greene. "Predator simulation and duration of death feigning in neonate hognose snakes." Animal Behaviour 36, no. 6 (November 1988): 1842–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(88)80127-1.

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9

Plummer, Michael V., and Nathan E. Mills. "Spatial Ecology and Survivorship of Resident and Translocated Hognose Snakes (Heterodon platirhinos)." Journal of Herpetology 34, no. 4 (December 2000): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565272.

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10

Robson, Laura E., and Gabriel Blouin-Demers. "Eastern Hognose Snakes (Heterodon platirhinos) Avoid Crossing Paved Roads, but Not Unpaved Roads." Copeia 2013, no. 3 (September 27, 2013): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ce-12-033.

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11

Beane, Jeffrey C., Sean P. Graham, Thomas J. Thorp, and L. Todd Pusser. "Natural History of the Southern Hognose Snake (Heterodon simus) in North Carolina, USA." Copeia 2014, no. 1 (March 2014): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ch-13-044.

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12

Michener, Martin C., and James D. Lazell. "Distribution and Relative Abundance of the Hognose Snake, Heterodon platirhinos, in Eastern New England." Journal of Herpetology 23, no. 1 (March 1989): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564313.

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13

Lalor, Julia, and Bruce A. Young. "Sound production in the eastern hognose snake, Heterodon platyrhinos (Serpentes: Colubridae): Does it snore?" Amphibia-Reptilia 19, no. 4 (1998): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853898x00061.

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AbstractHeterodon platyrhinos normally produces sounds as one part of its elaborate defensive behavior. This species has a distinctive quadriphasic sound, reflecting the underlying triphasic ventilatory pattern of snakes. Heterodon produces sound during both inhalation and exhalation; in both cases the sounds span a broad frequency range (from approximately 1,000 to 11,000 Hz, with frequencies below 3,500 Hz having higher amplitudes. Temporal congruence between sound production and deflection of a strain gauge mounted over the external nares of unrestrained H. platyrhinos provide the first experimental evidence for sound production through the nasal passageway in snakes.

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14

Lagory, Kirk E., Leroy J. Walston, Celine Goulet, Robert A. Van Lonkhuyzen, Stephen Najjar, and Christian Andrews. "An Examination of Scale-Dependent Resource Use by Eastern Hognose Snakes in Southcentral New Hampshire." Journal of Wildlife Management 73, no. 8 (November 2009): 1387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-422.

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15

Crawford, Brian A., John C. Maerz, and Clinton T. Moore. "Expert-Informed Habitat Suitability Analysis for At-Risk Species Assessment and Conservation Planning." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 11, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 130–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/092019-jfwm-075.

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Abstract The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is responsible for reviewing the biological status of hundreds of species to determine federal status designations under the Endangered Species Act. The longleaf pine Pinus palustris ecological system supports many priority at-risk species designated for review, including five species of herpetofauna: gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus, southern hognose snake Heterodon simus, Florida pine snake Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus, gopher frog Lithobates (Rana) capito, and striped newt Notophthalmus perstriatus. To inform status decisions and conservation planning, we developed habitat suitability models to 1) identify habitat features that best predict species presence and 2) estimate the amount and distribution of suitable habitat across each species' range under current conditions. We incorporated expert judgment from federal, state, and other partners to capture variation in ecological settings across species' ranges, prioritize predictor variables to test in models, mitigate data limitations by informing the selection of pseudoabsence points, qualitatively evaluate model estimates, and improve the likelihood that experts will trust and use model predictions for conservation. Soil characteristics, land cover, and fire interval strongly influenced habitat suitability for all species. Suitable habitat was distributed on known species strongholds, as well as private lands without known species records. Between 4.7% (gopher frog) and 14.6% (gopher tortoise) of the area in a species' range was classified as suitable habitat, and between 28.1% (southern hognose snake) and 47.5% (gopher frog) of suitable habitat was located in patches larger than 1 km2 (100 ha) on publicly owned lands. By overlaying predictions for each species, we identified areas of suitable habitat for multiple species on protected and unprotected lands. These results have direct applications to management and conservation planning: partners can tailor site-level management based on attributes associated with high habitat suitability for species of concern; allocate survey effort in areas with suitable habitat but no known species records; and identify priority areas for management, land acquisitions, or other strategies based on the distribution of species records, suitable habitat, and land protection status. These results can aid regional partners in implementing effective conservation strategies and inform status designation decisions of the USFWS.

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16

Spain, Marisa, Grace Fuller, and Stephanie Allard. "Effects of Habitat Modifications on Behavioral Indicators of Welfare for Madagascar Giant Hognose Snakes (Leioheterodon madagascariensis)." Animal Behavior and Cognition 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.07.01.06.2020.

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17

Diclaro, J. W., M. S. Lehnert, M. A. Mitola, R. M. Pereira, and P. G. Koehler. "A Case Study of Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) Causing Ocular Myiasis in a Western Hognose Snake." Journal of Medical Entomology 48, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 934–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/me11006.

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18

Tozetti, Alexandro Marques, Roberto Baptista de Oliveira, and Glaucia Maria Funk Pontes. "Defensive repertoire of Xenodon dorbignyi (Serpentes, Dipsadidae)." Biota Neotropica 9, no. 3 (September 2009): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032009000300016.

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The ability of a species to defend itself against a predator is directly correlated with its survivorship. Thus, prey/predator interaction mechanisms are important elements of the natural history of species. In this study, we examined the defensive repertoire of the South-American hognose snake (Xenodon dorbignyi) through simulations of predator attacks in the field. Nine defensive displays were observed. The most frequently observed displays were erratic movements, body flattening, head triangulation and tail display. No differences were detected in the defensive strategies shown by males and females, regardless of their reproductive state. Our findings suggest that X. dorbignyi has the ability to evaluate the level of threat imposed by the aggressor, with cryptic behavior, body flattening and locomotor escape as the primary defensive strategies, with other displays used as secondary responses to a predator attack. Our results support the hypothesis that X. dorbignyi is a mimic of both Micrurus and Bothrops.

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19

Akresh, Michael E., David I. King, Brad C. Timm, and Robert T. Brooks. "Fuels Management and Habitat Restoration Activities Benefit Eastern Hognose Snakes (Heterodon platirhinos) in a Disturbance-Dependent Ecosystem." Journal of Herpetology 51, no. 4 (December 2017): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/16-049.

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20

López-Johnston, Juan C., Norma de Bosch, Héctor Scannone, and Alexis Rodríguez-Acosta. "Inhibition of collagen, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by Lansberg’s hognose pit viper (Porthidium lansbergii hutmanni) venom." Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 24, no. 3 (May 8, 2007): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11239-007-0040-x.

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21

CUNNINGTON, GLENN M., and JOSEPH E. CEBEK. "Mating and Nesting Behavior of the Eastern Hognose Snake (Heterodon platirhinos) in the Northern Portion of its Range." American Midland Naturalist 154, no. 2 (October 2005): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0474:manbot]2.0.co;2.

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22

Daszak, Peter, Stanley J. Ball, Daniel G. Streicker, and Keith R. Snow. "A New Species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From the Western Hognose Snake, Heterodon nasicus (Serpentes: Xenodontidae), From Texas." Journal of Parasitology 97, no. 3 (June 2011): 463–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-2698.1.

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23

Buchanan, Scott W., Brad C. Timm, Robert P. Cook, Richard Couse, and Lisa C. Hazard. "Surface Activity and Body Temperature of Eastern Hognose Snakes (Heterodon platirhinos) at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts USA." Journal of Herpetology 50, no. 1 (March 2016): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/13-212.

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24

Lopez-Johnston, J. C., N. de Bosch, H. Scannone, and A. Rodríguez-Acosta. "Inhibition of adrenaline and adenosine diphosphate induced platelet aggregation by Lansberg’s hognose pit viper (Porthidium lansbergii hutmanni) venom." Annals of Hematology 86, no. 12 (September 22, 2007): 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00277-007-0354-y.

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25

Young, Robert A. "Effects of Duvernoy's gland secretions from the eastern hognose snake, Heterodon platirhinos, on smooth muscle and neuromuscular junction." Toxicon 30, no. 7 (July 1992): 775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(92)90013-u.

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26

Weinstein, Scott A., and Daniel E. Keyler. "Local envenoming by the Western hognose snake (Heterodon nasicus): A case report and review of medically significant Heterodon bites." Toxicon 54, no. 3 (September 2009): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.04.015.

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27

Jiménez-Charris, Eliécer, Leonel Montealegre-Sanchez, Luis Solano-Redondo, Diana Mora-Obando, Erika Camacho, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Leonardo Fierro-Pérez, and Bruno Lomonte. "Proteomic and functional analyses of the venom of Porthidium lansbergii lansbergii (Lansberg's hognose viper) from the Atlantic Department of Colombia." Journal of Proteomics 114 (January 2015): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2014.11.016.

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28

Young, B. A., J. Lalor, and J. Solomon. "The comparative biomechanics of an ophidian defensive behaviour: head triangulation in hognose snake (Heterodon) and an egg-eating snake (Dasypeltis)." Journal of Zoology 248, no. 2 (June 1999): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01193.x.

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29

Goulet, Celine, John A. Litvaitis, and Michael N. Marchand. "Habitat Associations of the Eastern Hognose Snake at the Northern Edge of Its Geographic Distribution: Should a Remnant Population Guide Restoration?" Northeastern Naturalist 22, no. 3 (September 2015): 530–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.022.0309.

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30

McAllister, Chris T., R. Scott Seville, and Matthew B. Connior. "A New Host forCaryospora lampropeltis(Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Eastern Hognose Snake,Heterodon platirhinos(Ophidia: Colubroidea: Dipsadinae), from Arkansas, U.S.A., with a Summary of Hosts of this Coccidian." Comparative Parasitology 82, no. 1 (January 2015): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1654/4699.1.

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31

Pineda, María E., María E. Girón, Amalid Estrella, Elda E. Sánchez, Irma Aguilar, Irma Fernandez, Alba M. Vargas, Héctor Scannone, and Alexis Rodríguez-Acosta. "Inhibition of the Hemorrhagic and Proteolytic Activities of Lansberg's Hognose Pit Viper (Porthidium lansbergii hutmanni) Venom by Opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) Serum: Isolation of Didelphis Marsupialis 0.15Dm Fraction on DEAE-Cellulose Chromatography." Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 30, no. 4 (January 2008): 883–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08923970802135849.

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32

Willson, John D., Shannon E. Pittman, Jeffrey C. Beane, and Tracey D. Tuberville. "A novel approach for estimating densities of secretive species from road-survey and spatial-movement data." Wildlife Research 45, no. 5 (2018): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16175.

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Context Accurate estimates of population density are a critical component of effective wildlife conservation and management. However, many snake species are so secretive that their density cannot be determined using traditional methods such as capture–mark–recapture. Thus, the status of most terrestrial snake populations remains completely unknown. Aim We developed a novel simulation-based technique for estimating density of secretive snakes that combined behavioural observations of snake road-crossing behaviour (crossing speed), effort-corrected road-survey data, and simulations of spatial movement patterns derived from radio-telemetry, without relying on mark–recapture. Methods We used radio-telemetry data to parameterise individual-based movement models that estimate the frequency with which individual snakes cross roads and used information on survey vehicle speed and snake crossing speed to determine the probability of detecting a snake, given that it crosses the road transect during a survey. Snake encounter frequencies during systematic road surveys were then interpreted in light of detection probabilities and simulation model results to estimate snake densities and to assess various factors likely to affect abundance estimates. We demonstrated the broad applicability of this approach through a case study of the imperiled southern hognose snake (Heterodon simus) in the North Carolina (USA) Sandhills. Key results We estimated that H. simus occurs at average densities of 0.17 ha–1 in the North Carolina Sandhills and explored the sensitivity of this estimate to assumptions and variation in model parameters. Conclusions Our novel method allowed us to generate the first abundance estimates for H. simus. We found that H. simus exists at low densities relative to congeners and other mid-sized snake species, raising concern that this species may not only have declined in geographic range, but may also occur at low densities or be declining in their strongholds, such as the North Carolina Sandhills. Implications We present a framework for estimating density of species that have traditionally been considered too secretive to study at the population level. This method will greatly enhance our ability to study and manage a wide variety of snake species and could be applied to other secretive wildlife species that are most frequently encountered during road surveys.

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33

Oransky, Ivan. "John R Hogness." Lancet 370, no. 9588 (August 2007): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61327-0.

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34

Young, Michael W. "David Hogness (1925–2019)." Current Biology 30, no. 5 (March 2020): R194—R196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.085.

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35

Schier, Joshua G., Sage W. Wiener, Michael Touger, Lewis S. Nelson, and Robert S. Hoffman. "Efficacy of crotalidae polyvalent antivenin for the treatment of hognosed viper (Porthidium nasutum ) envenomation." Annals of Emergency Medicine 41, no. 3 (March 2003): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mem.2003.81.

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36

Burtis, Kenneth C., R. Scott Hawley, and Howard D. Lipshitz. "The 2003 Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal David S. Hogness." Genetics 164, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 1243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/164.4.1243.

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37

Werner, E. "Growth and storage of YAC clones in Hogness Freezing Medium." Nucleic Acids Research 25, no. 7 (April 1, 1997): 1467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.7.1467.

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38

Bryson, Robert W., Adrián Nieto-Montes de Oca, and Jacobo Reyes Velasco. "Phylogenetic Position of Porthidium Hespere (Viperidae: Crotalinae) and Phylogeography of Arid-Adapted Hognosed Pitvipers Based on Mitochondrial DNA." Copeia 2008, no. 1 (February 21, 2008): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ch-07-043.

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39

Jankowski, Jacek M., Eva Walczyk, and Gordon H. Dixon. "Functional prokaryotic gene control signals within a eukaryotic rainbow trout protamine promoter." Bioscience Reports 5, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01116942.

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Following the construction of a series of pSV2-cat derived plasmids containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under the control of a eukaryotic trout protamine promoter, it was noted thatEscherichia coli, transformed with these plasmids, developed resistance to chloramphenicol (CM). This result suggested that the eukaryotic trout protamine promoter possessed significant prokaryotic promoter activity. Modification of the trout protamine promoter region by removing the region containing the eukaryotic Goldberg-Hogness box in the plasmid p525-cat increased the expression of the CAT gene almost to the wild-type level and conferred strong CM resistance. Sequence comparisons of the plasmid series indicate that prokaryotic promoter elements are present in the trout protamine promoter and that their similarity to the prokaryotic promoter consensus sequences and the distance between the two elements is more favourable in p525-cat, the plasmid which conlers the greatest CM resistance.

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40

Ho, Mei-Yin, and David Murphy. "The vasopressin gene non-canonical Hogness box: effect on protein binding and promoter function." Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 186, no. 1 (January 2002): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00677-3.

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41

LeMaire, M. F., and C. S. Thummel. "Splicing precedes polyadenylation during Drosophila E74A transcription." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 11 (November 1990): 6059–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.11.6059.

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The E74 gene is one of a small set of early genes induced by the steroid hormone ecdysone at the onset of metamorphosis in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. This complex gene directs the synthesis of a 60-kilobase (kb) primary transcript that is spliced to form the 6-kb E74A mRNA. In a previous study, we found that ecdysone directly activates the E74A promoter and determined that RNA polymerase II transcribes this gene at a rate of approximately 1.1 kb/min. This elongation rate accounts for most of the 1-hour delay seen between the addition of ecdysone and the appearance of cytoplasmic E74A mRNA (C. S. Thummel, K. C. Burtis, and D. S. Hogness, Cell 61:101-111, 1990). We show here that nascent E74A transcripts are spliced, and we propose a model for the order of that splicing. This study provides, for the first time, direct biochemical evidence for splicing of a low-abundance cellular RNA before transcription termination and polyadenylation.

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LeMaire, M. F., and C. S. Thummel. "Splicing precedes polyadenylation during Drosophila E74A transcription." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 11 (November 1990): 6059–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.11.6059-6063.1990.

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The E74 gene is one of a small set of early genes induced by the steroid hormone ecdysone at the onset of metamorphosis in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. This complex gene directs the synthesis of a 60-kilobase (kb) primary transcript that is spliced to form the 6-kb E74A mRNA. In a previous study, we found that ecdysone directly activates the E74A promoter and determined that RNA polymerase II transcribes this gene at a rate of approximately 1.1 kb/min. This elongation rate accounts for most of the 1-hour delay seen between the addition of ecdysone and the appearance of cytoplasmic E74A mRNA (C. S. Thummel, K. C. Burtis, and D. S. Hogness, Cell 61:101-111, 1990). We show here that nascent E74A transcripts are spliced, and we propose a model for the order of that splicing. This study provides, for the first time, direct biochemical evidence for splicing of a low-abundance cellular RNA before transcription termination and polyadenylation.

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43

Buia, Emanuela Traiana. "Casa de lemn din Spermezeu." Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei 33 (December 20, 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47802/amet.2019.33.01.

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This house can be seen in the area of the Ethnographic Park Romulus Vuia. The house was built in the interwar period and it was donated to the museum by Bishop Macarie Drăgoi. It is also the last immovable item of heritage transferred. The article begins by providing information about Spermezeu, about its history and in general about peasant houses in this geographic area. Then, the information is strictly related to the house „Bishop Macarie Drăgoi”. Arriving in the village, I interviewed some people who knew the owners of the house. From these people I learned a lot of valuable information about the house, the owners, Hognogi spouses, and how the house was built. They did not have any heirs and their belongings came into the possession of other relatives. The house is important because in time it has kept the original form. The last part of the article presents the transfer of the house to the museum area and the reason for transfer. This last information has been taken from Bishop Macarie Drăgoi who, by his action, wished to preserve and redeem this house.

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Bergsma, D. J., K. S. Chang, and R. J. Schwartz. "Novel chicken actin gene: third cytoplasmic isoform." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 5 (May 1985): 1151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.5.1151.

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We identified a novel chicken actin gene. The actin protein deduced from its nucleotide sequence very closely resembles the vertebrate cytoplasmic actins; accordingly, we classified this gene as a nonmuscle type. We adopted the convention for indicating the nonmuscle actins of the class Amphibia (Vandekerckhove et al., J. Mol. Biol. 152:413-426) and denoted this gene as type 5. RNA blot analysis demonstrated that the type 5 actin mRNA transcripts accumulate in adult tissues in a pattern indicative of a nonmuscle actin gene. Genomic DNA blots indicated that the type 5 actin is a single copy gene and a distinct member of the chicken actin multigene family. Inspection of the nucleotide sequence revealed many features that distinguished the type 5 gene from all other vertebrate actin genes examined to date. These unique characteristics include: (i) an initiation Met codon preceding an Ala codon, a feature previously known only in plant actins, (ii) a single intron within the 5' untranslated region, with no interruptions in the coding portion of the gene, and (iii) an atypical Goldberg-Hogness box (ATAGAA) preceding the mRNA initiation terminus. These unusual features have interesting implications for actin gene diversification during evolution.

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Bergsma, D. J., K. S. Chang, and R. J. Schwartz. "Novel chicken actin gene: third cytoplasmic isoform." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 5 (May 1985): 1151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.5.1151-1162.1985.

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We identified a novel chicken actin gene. The actin protein deduced from its nucleotide sequence very closely resembles the vertebrate cytoplasmic actins; accordingly, we classified this gene as a nonmuscle type. We adopted the convention for indicating the nonmuscle actins of the class Amphibia (Vandekerckhove et al., J. Mol. Biol. 152:413-426) and denoted this gene as type 5. RNA blot analysis demonstrated that the type 5 actin mRNA transcripts accumulate in adult tissues in a pattern indicative of a nonmuscle actin gene. Genomic DNA blots indicated that the type 5 actin is a single copy gene and a distinct member of the chicken actin multigene family. Inspection of the nucleotide sequence revealed many features that distinguished the type 5 gene from all other vertebrate actin genes examined to date. These unique characteristics include: (i) an initiation Met codon preceding an Ala codon, a feature previously known only in plant actins, (ii) a single intron within the 5' untranslated region, with no interruptions in the coding portion of the gene, and (iii) an atypical Goldberg-Hogness box (ATAGAA) preceding the mRNA initiation terminus. These unusual features have interesting implications for actin gene diversification during evolution.

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Lamchin, Munkhnasan, Woo-Kyun Lee, Seong Jeon, Jong-Yeol Lee, Cholho Song, Dongfan Piao, Chul Lim, Akhmadi Khaulenbek, and Itgelt Navaandorj. "Correlation between Desertification and Environmental Variables Using Remote Sensing Techniques in Hogno Khaan, Mongolia." Sustainability 9, no. 4 (April 11, 2017): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9040581.

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Okorska, S., D. Michalczyk, A. Okorski, A. Piotrowicz-Cieślak, P. Pupel, K. Głowacka, T. Jagielska, and R. Górecki. "Variability of PSPAL1 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene-1) proximal promoter sequence and expression in pea challenged with Mycosphaerella pinodes." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 50, No. 2 (June 12, 2014): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/149/2013-cjgpb.

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Part of the PSPAL1 gene (corresponding to the proximal promoter, exon 1 and intron) from eight pea varieties was sequenced and compared to the published sequence of PSPAL1 gene from Midoriusui cultivar (GenBank: D10002.1). The sequences showed a very high level of identity (96–99%), except in five varieties there occurred a motif TTATTACAAAATATTA close to the Goldberg-Hogness (TATA) box, and it was not detected in the other four varieties, including Midoriusui. Plants of eight pea varieties were subjected to controlled infection with Mycosphaerella pinodes and the disease index was determined (it ranged from 5.2 to 42.3%). The PSPAL1 gene of the most resistant cultivar (Walor) contained the above-mentioned motif and that of the most susceptible (Polar) did not. However, the relationship was not clear in varieties with intermediate levels of resistance. In four varieties (Walor, Ezop, Ramrod and Polar) the expression level of PSPAL1 gene in leaves was analysed (1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 h post inoculation) and it showed a weak negative correlation with disease severity (R= – 0.53). The activation of PSPAL1 gene occurred not only in infected pea leaves but also in stems and – to a much lower degree – in roots (with the relative level of PSPAL1 transcripts amounting to 0.15 in roots and 38.75 in leaves), indicating some kind of signal transmission beyond the infected plant tissues.

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Xiong, Fei, and Choy L. Hew. "Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) gonadotropin IIβ subunit gene encodes multiple messenger ribonucleic acids." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 2572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-363.

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We have isolated the genomic sequences encoding the β subunit of chinook salmon gonadotropin II, using a gonadotropin IIβ cDNA probe. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA suggests that there is a single copy of the gonadotropin IIβ gene per haploid genome in salmon. The transcriptional unit is 1.0 kilobase in size and contains three exons interrupted by two introns. The location of the first exon–intron junction is within the 5′untranslated region. The second exon–intron junction is located between codons + 38 and + 39, a position that is comparatively conserved among the previously characterized glycoprotein hormone β subunits. The first intron contains an alternate 3′ splicing acceptor site, resulting in heterogeneous transcripts with 5′-untranslated sequences of 43 and 55 base pairs, respectively. Using oligonucleotide-primed reverse transcription of salmon pituitary mRNA, the start of transcription (cap site) is determined to be 30 nucleotides downstream from the authentic promoter element, Goldberg–Hogness sequence TATAA. In addition, several CAAT sequences are located between 210 and 400 base pairs upstream from the start of transcription. The nucleotide sequence of the 5′-flanking region (approximately 1.2 kilobases) is determined and compared with the corresponding regions of the tetrapod gonadotropin α and β genes. The comparison reveals several homologous regions within their 5′-flanking sequences that might be involved in either the cell-specific expression of the gonadotropin genes or their modulated expression by common regulatory factors such as sex steroids, gonadal peptides, and GnRH.

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Critzer, John W. "Book Reviews : S. Andreopoulos & J. R. Hogness (Eds.), Health Care for an Aging Society. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1989. 247 pp., $36.00." Journal of Applied Gerontology 8, no. 3 (September 1989): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073346488900800309.

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Kemp, Joan. "Health Care for an Aging Society S Andreopoulos J R Hogness Health Care for an Aging Society Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh 1989 248pp £25.00 0-443-08638-9." Elderly Care 2, no. 1 (January 1990): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/eldc.2.1.23.s26.

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