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1

Henderson, L. "Invasive alien woody plants of the eastern Cape." Bothalia 22, no. 1 (October 14, 1992): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v22i1.830.

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The frequency and abundance of invasive alien woody plants were recorded along roadsides and at watercourse crossings in 69.9% (151/216) of the quarter degree squares in the study area. The survey yielded 101 species of which the most prominent (in order of prominence) in roadside and veld habitats were: Opuntia ficus-indica, Acacia meamsii and A. cyclops. The most prominent species (in order of prominence) in streambank habitats were: A. meamsii, Populus x canescens, Salix babylonica and S. fragilis (fide R.D. Meikle).The greatest intensity of invasion was recorded in the wetter eastern parts and particularly in the vicinity of Port Elizabeth. Uitenhage, East London, Grahamstown, Hogsback and Stutterheim. There was relatively little invasion in the central and western dry interior except along watercourses.
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2

Wimberger, Kirsten, Kate F. Carstens, Johann C. Carstens, and R. Stephen Boyes. "Nest boxes for Cape Parrots Poicephalus robustus in the Hogsback area, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Ostrich 89, no. 1 (December 23, 2017): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2017.1405094.

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3

Ermilov, Sergey G., Elizabeth A. Hugo-Coetzee, and Alexander A. Khaustov. "Contribution to the knowledge of Geminoppia (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae), with description of a new species from South Africa." Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 67, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17109/azh.67.3.211.2021.

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A new species of the genus Geminoppia (Oribatida, Oppiidae) is described from moss of Hogsback State Forest, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Geminoppia amatholensis sp. n. differs from its related species Geminoppia maior comb. n. by the absence of discidium and the presence of very long notogastral seta h1. Summarized generic traits, an identification key, distribution and habitats of all known species of Geminoppia are presented.
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4

Oyedeji, Adebola O., Anthony J. Afolayan, and Anne Hutchings. "Compositional Variation of the Essential Oils of Artemisia Afra Jacq. from Three Provinces in South Africa - A Case Study of its Safety." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 6 (June 2009): 1934578X0900400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900400622.

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Safety of Artemisia afar has been a controversial issue due to its high thujone content. Despite the declaration of the World Health Organization in the 1970s of the plant being unsafe for consumption, it is still commonly used in folklore medication in South Africa, especially in winter. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the twigs of A. afra plants from different locations in the Eastern Cape, Free State and KwaZulu-Natal. Analyses of the oils by GC and GCMS revealed compositional variations in the levels of α-and β-thujone, 1,8-cineole and camphor. α-Thujone was the major component of the essential oils of A. afra from Philippolis (Free State) and Keiskammahoek (Eastern Cape) (62-74%), while the camphor content was very low (≤ 0.1-0.6%). The samples from Gqumahshe, Hogsback (Eastern Cape) and Empangeni (KwaZulu Natal) had low α-thujone contents (3.7-20.0%) while 1,8-cineole (13.0-49.5%) and camphor (13.9-21.2%) were the main components of the essential oils. It was further observed that the concentration of α-thujone increased significantly in the dry leaves when compared with the fresh leaves. This implies that fresh leaves are better used for infusion than dry leaves. This study reveals that not all A. afra contain high concentrations of α- and β- thujone.
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5

ERMILOV, SERGEY G., ELIZABETH A. HUGO-COETZEE, and ALEXANDER A. KHAUSTOV. "Malgacheliodes martensi spec. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Licnodamaeidae) from South Africa." Zootaxa 4984, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.26.

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The genus Malgacheliodes is recorded in South Africa for the first time. Malgacheliodes martensi spec. nov. is described from soil of Hogsback State Forest, Eastern Cape Province. Adults of the new species differ from those of Malgacheliodes guillaumeti by the presence of ribs and furrows in the aggenital region, bacilliform leg tracheae, rounded ventral keel on leg I femur and four pairs of notogastral setae (h1 absent); while its tritonymph differs from that of M. guillaumeti by the presence of five pairs of gastronotic setae (c1 absent). The generic diagnosis of Malgacheliodes is updated. The differences in morphology of the tritonymphal instar in Malgacheliodes and other genera of Licnodamaeidae are presented.
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6

ERMILOV, SERGEY G., ELIZABETH A. HUGO-COETZEE, and ALEXANDER A. KHAUSTOV. "Three new species of oribatid mites of the family Galumnidae (Acari, Oribatida) from South Africa." Zootaxa 4920, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4920.1.3.

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Three new species of oribatid mites of the family Galumnidae are described from soil and coniferous litter of Hogsback State Forest, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Pilogalumna hogsbackensis sp. nov. differs from Pilogalumna tenuiclava and P. ornatula by the presence of elongate oval postanal porose area and narrowly unilaterally dilated bothridial head. Pergalumna amatholensis sp. nov. differs from Pergalumna distincta by the presence of smaller body size, rounded rostrum, unilaterally dilated bothridial head, one pair of notogastral porose areas Aa, and the localization of opisthonotal gland opening and lyrifissure im. Stictozetes ihaguensis sp. nov. differs from all species of the genus by presence of bothridial seta with narrowly dilated head and median pore in both genders. An identification key to known species of Stictozetes is presented.
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7

PAKENDORF, GUNTHER. "The Eastern Cape Revisited." South African Historical Journal 28, no. 1 (May 1993): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582479308671984.

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8

Ermilov, Sergey G., Elizabeth A. Hugo-Coetzee, Alexander A. Khaustov, and Vladimir A. Khaustov. "New species of oribatid mites of the subfamily Brachioppiinae (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae) from Hogsback, South Africa." Systematic and Applied Acarology 26, no. 4 (March 15, 2021): 684–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.26.4.3.

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Three new species of the oribatid mite family Oppiidae are described from soil and coniferous litter of Hogsback State Forest, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Brachioppia bituberculata sp. nov. differs from its related species, Brachioppia excrescens and B. louwi, by the localization of cilia on the bothridial head and length and placement of dorsal notogastral setae. Kokoppia macrotuberculata sp. nov. differs from its related species, Kokoppia longisetosa, by the body length, the length of notogastral setae, the localization of notogastral setae la and lm, and the presence of interbothridial macrotubercle. Pletzenoppia ethiopica sp. nov. differs from its related species, Pletzenoppia pletzenae, by the body length, different number of cilia on bothridial seta, the relative length of prodorsal setae, the localization of notogastral setae la and lm, and the absence of interbothridial tubercle. An identification key to known species of Pletzenoppia is presented.
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9

Peires, Jeff. "Frankenstein Visits the Eastern Cape." South African Historical Journal 51, no. 1 (January 2004): 224–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582470409464838.

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10

Crais, Clifton. "Frankenstein Visits the Eastern Cape: A (Brief) Reply." South African Historical Journal 52, no. 1 (January 2005): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582470509464872.

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11

Morrow, Seán, and Nwabisa Vokwana. "'Shaping in dull, dead earth their dreams of riches and beauty': Clay Modelling at e-Hala and Hogsback in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Journal of Southern African Studies 27, no. 1 (March 2001): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070120029545.

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12

CRAIS, CLIFTON C. "Gentry and Labour in Three Eastern Cape Districts. 1820—1865." South African Historical Journal 18, no. 1 (November 1986): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582478608671609.

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13

EDGAR, ROBERT, and HILARY SAPIRE. "Dry Bones: The Return of Nontetha, an Eastern Cape Prophet." South African Historical Journal 40, no. 1 (May 1999): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582479908671350.

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14

Kelk Mager, Anne. "Colonizing Consent: rape and governance in South Africa’s Eastern Cape." Social History 45, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2020.1812309.

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15

Scully, Pamela, and Susan Newton-King. "Masters and Servants on the Cape Eastern Frontier." International Journal of African Historical Studies 32, no. 2/3 (1999): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220350.

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16

Hay, Michelle. "Prickly Pear: The Social History of a Plant in the Eastern Cape." South African Historical Journal 65, no. 4 (December 2013): 660–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2013.781214.

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17

Shackleton, Sheona. "Prickly Pear: the Social History of a Plant in the Eastern Cape." African Journal of Range & Forage Science 29, no. 3 (December 2012): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2012.744353.

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18

Foxcroft, Llewellyn. "Prickly Pear. The Social History of a Plant in the Eastern Cape." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 67, no. 3 (November 2012): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0035919x.2012.725228.

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19

Bennett, Brett M. "Prickly Pear: The Social History of a Plant in the Eastern Cape." Journal of Southern African Studies 39, no. 4 (December 2013): 1002–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2013.862454.

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20

Gibbs, Pat. "Coal, Rail and Victorians in the South African Veld. The Convergence of Colonial Elites and Finance Capital in the Stormberg Mountains of the Eastern Cape, 1880–1910." Britain and the World 11, no. 2 (September 2018): 173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2018.0298.

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This article investigates an intermediary period in the Cape colony when the largely unknown convergence of British social and industrial capital around coal mining occurred in the Stormberg Mountains of the North Eastern Cape. Within the context of a triangular nexus of mining and its two major clients, the diamond mines at Kimberley and the newly arrived Cape Government Railway, a social coalescence of mainly British immigrants arose in the town of Molteno, exhibiting an distinctly British Victorian culture. This paper also shows how the town became a colonial enclave on the remote periphery of the Cape Colony, utilising a racialised class system, and the ways in which the singularity of Victorian society was emphasised by two surrounding cultures which were alien to the British. After the South African War ended, one of these cultures had begun to take root within the town. When the coal mines were brought to an end by the erratic orders of the Cape Government Railway and its access to superior and cheaper coal from Lewis and Marks at Viljoensdrift in the ZAR and the greater economic pull of the Rand gold mines which diverted labour to the north, this ‘colonial moment’ in the Stormberg was over.
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21

Palmer, A. R. "A Qualitative Model of Vegetation History in the Eastern Cape Midlands, South Africa." Journal of Biogeography 17, no. 1 (January 1990): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845186.

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22

Thornberry, Elizabeth. "The Problem of African Girlhood: Raising the Age of Consent in the Cape of Good Hope, 1893–1905." Law and History Review 38, no. 1 (February 2020): 219–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248019000737.

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In 1893, legislation in the Cape Colony raised the age of consent to sexual intercourse from twelve to fourteen. Only twelve years later, however, did colonial administrators extend the law to the predominantly African districts in the eastern region of the colony. A reconstruction of the political debates surrounding the law, and its eventual extension, illuminates the relationship between understandings of childhood and race in the Cape. By the late 19th century, the comparison of Africans to children had become the governing metaphor for the “native question”; but this metaphor contained fundamental ambiguities. Debates over the age of consent forced Cape politicians to confront the racial and chronological boundaries of childhood innocence, and thus to articulate more precise theories of racial difference itself. Rural elites upheld a vision of hierarchy calibrated by wealth and social knowledge as well as race. Reformers sought to protect the innocence of white girls, in part to defend against racial degeneration, but disagreed over the inclusion of black girls. Meanwhile, even liberal social purity advocates hesitated to extend the law to the eastern districts, where “native law and custom” seemed not only to offer more protection but also to undermine claims of European superiority.
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23

Malherbe, V. C., and Susan Newton-King. "Masters and Servants on the Cape Eastern Frontier 1760-1803." Canadian Journal of African Studies 34, no. 2 (2000): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/486441.

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24

Connor, Teresa K. "Ambiguous Repositories: Archives, Traders and the Recruitment of Mineworkers in the Eastern Cape: 1900–1946." South African Historical Journal 72, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 98–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2020.1739889.

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25

Stanley, Liz. "Harriet Townsend and Networks of Settler Women in Business in the Eastern Cape, 1840–1848." South African Historical Journal 72, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2020.1744707.

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26

Freund, Bill. "The Fate of the Eastern Cape: history, politics and social policy by Greg Ruiters." Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa 84, no. 1 (2014): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/trn.2014.0007.

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27

ROSS, ROBERT. "MISSION LIFE AND SOURCES IN THE EASTERN CAPE Moravians in the Eastern Cape, 1828–1928: Four Accounts of Moravian Mission Work on the Eastern Cape Frontier. Translated by F. R. BAUDET and edited by TIMOTHY KEEGAN. Cape Town: Van Riebeeck Society for the publication of South African Historical Documents, 2004. Pp. xlii+308. Rand 120 within South Africa, 285 outside (ISBN 0-9584522-2-9)." Journal of African History 47, no. 1 (March 2006): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853706301727.

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28

Crais, Clifton C. "Slavery and freedom along a frontier the Eastern cape, South Africa: 1770–1838." Slavery & Abolition 11, no. 2 (September 1990): 190–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440399008575006.

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29

Flynn, M. K., and Tony King. "Symbolic Reparation, Heritage and Political Transition in South Africa’s Eastern Cape." International Journal of Heritage Studies 13, no. 6 (November 2007): 462–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527250701570671.

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30

Lester, Alan. "‘Otherness’ and the frontiers of empire: the Eastern Cape Colony, 1806–c.1850." Journal of Historical Geography 24, no. 1 (January 1998): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.1997.0073.

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31

Thornberry, Elizabeth. "PROCEDURE AS POLITICS IN THE CAPE COLONY: THE CAREER OF ANDREW GONTSHI, 1880–1904." Journal of African History 61, no. 3 (November 2020): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853720000559.

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AbstractIn 1881, Andrew Gontshi became the first black law agent in the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope and thus South Africa's first black lawyer. Records of court cases argued by Gontshi and his fellow black law agents provide a rich new archive for understanding the political sensibilities of the nineteenth-century Eastern Cape, where Gontshi practiced law and participated in the development of new forms of political organization, as well as the meaning of law to black intellectuals. In both law and politics, Andrew Gontshi employed procedural tactics to hold the state accountable to its own formalities. In Gontshi's world, law provided not a source of justice but a set of tools that could be used to advance a political agenda. Gontshi's story thus prompts a reconsideration of law's place in the intellectual tradition of South Africa's liberation struggle.
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32

Blatchford, Mathew. "The Fate of the Eastern Cape; History, Politics and Social Policy ed. by Greg Ruiters." African Studies Review 56, no. 1 (2013): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2013.0011.

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33

Crais, Clifton C. "Representation and the Politics of Identity in South Africa: An Eastern Cape Example." International Journal of African Historical Studies 25, no. 1 (1992): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220147.

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34

Duncan, G. A., and J. W. Hofmeyr. "Leadership through theological education: Two case studies in South African history." Verbum et Ecclesia 23, no. 3 (August 7, 2002): 642–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v23i3.1229.

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The quality of visionary leadership requires serious attention in current South Africa, both because of its importance but also sometimes because of the lack of leadership in church and theological contexts. In the first section of this article, focus is placed on leadership in the Faculty of Theology (NG Kerk) at the University of Pretoria, and in the second section, on the leadership at the Lovedale Missionary Institution in the Eastern Cape. Finally, some comparisons and conditions are drawn.
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35

Sukeri, Kiran, Orlando Alonso-Betancourt, and Robin Emsley. "Lessons from the past: Historical perspectives of mental health in the Eastern Cape." South African Journal of Psychiatry 20, no. 2 (July 30, 2014): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v20i2.568.

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<p>The development of mental health services in the Eastern Cape Province is inextricably entwined in South Africa’s colonial history and the racist policy of apartheid. Prior to the development of mental hospitals, mental health services were provided through a network of public and mission hospitals. This paper explores the development of early hospital and mental health services in the Eastern Cape from the time of the Cape Colony to the dissolution of apartheid in 1994, and highlights the influence of colonialism, race and legislation in the development of mental health services in this province. The objective is to provide a background of mental health services in order to identify the historical factors that have had an impact on the current shortcomings in the provision of public sector mental health services in the province. This information will assist in the future planning and development of a new service for the province without the stigma of the past. This research indicates that one lesson from the past should be the equitable distribution of resources for the provision of care for all that inhabit this province, as enshrined in South Africa’s constitution.</p><div> </div>
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36

Phillipson, P. B. "A checklist of vascular plants of the Amatole Mountains, eastern Cape Province/Ciskei." Bothalia 17, no. 2 (October 23, 1987): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v17i2.1039.

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A checklist of vascular plants of the Amatole Mountains is presented. The physical environment, climate and vegetation of the study area and the history of its botanical exploration are described. The mountains form part of the Winterberg Range in the eastern Cape/Ciskei region of south-eastern Africa, and cover an area of approximately 900 km2. The altitude ranges from about 700 m to 2 000 m above sea level, and the topography is very varied. The climate is warm temperate and supports various vegetation types including forest, sclerophyllous shrubland, grassland and marshland. The checklist records the occurrence of 1 215 taxa. The largest families and genera in the area contain predominantly grassland herbs. Many of the characteristic families of the Cape Floristic Region and of the arid areas of southern Africa are poorly represented in the Amatole Mountains.
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37

BERRY, M. G., B. L. ROBERTSON, and E. E. CAMPBELL. "ASPECTS ON THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN CAPE COASTAL ZONE." South African Geographical Journal 86, no. 1 (March 2004): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2004.9713804.

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38

HENDRIXSON, BRENT E., and JASON E. BOND. "A new species of Stasimopus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), with notes on its natural history." Zootaxa 619, no. 1 (August 27, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.619.1.1.

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A new species of ctenizid trapdoor spider is described, Stasimopus mandelai sp. nov., from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This species occurs syntopically with S. schoenlandi Pocock and a number of other mygalomorph spiders at the Great Fish River Nature Reserve. Illustrations, photographs, and additional notes on burrow architecture and general natural history are provided.
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39

Beck, Roger B. "Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century." Journal of African History 30, no. 2 (July 1989): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700024105.

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Trade across the Cape frontier in the first three decades of the nineteenth century, and government attempts to regulate that trade, cannot be understood without first considering the role of Protestant missionaries as traders and bearers of European manufactured goods in the South African interior. From their arrival in 1799, missionaries of the London Missionary Society carried on a daily trade beyond the northern and eastern boundaries of the Cape Colony that was forbidden by law to the colonists. When missionaries of the Methodist Missionary Society arrived in the mid-1810s they too carried beads as well as Bibles to their mission stations outside the colony. Most missionaries were initially troubled by having to mix commercial activities with their religious duties. They were forced, however, to rely on trade in order to support themselves and their families because of the meagre material and monetary assistance they received from their societies. They introduced European goods among African societies beyond the Cape frontiers earlier and in greater quantities than any other enterprise until the commencement of the Fort Willshire fairs in 1824. Most importantly, they helped to bring about a transition from trade in beads, buttons and other traditional exchange items to a desire among many of the peoples with whom they came into contact for blankets, European clothing and metal tools and utensils, thus creating a growing dependency on European material goods that would eventually bring about a total transformation of these African societies.
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40

Webb, Denver A. "Lords of All They Surveyed? The Royal Engineers, Surveying, Mapping and Development in South Africa's Eastern Cape." African Historical Review 45, no. 1 (June 2013): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17532523.2013.796130.

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41

Southall, Roger, and Zosa De Sas Kropiwnicki. "Containing the Chiefs: The ANC and Traditional Leaders in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 37, no. 1 (2003): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4107364.

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42

van de Water, B. J., T. N. Meyer, M. Wilson, C. Young, B. Gaunt, and K. W. le Roux. "TB prevention cascade at a district hospital in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa." Public Health Action 11, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.20.0055.

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SETTING: Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa.OBJECTIVE: To identify steps in the TB preventive care cascade from routinely collected data among TB patients at a district hospital prior to the implementation of a novel TB program.DESIGN: This was a retrospective study. We adapted the TB prevention cascade to measure indicators routinely collected at district hospitals for TB using a cascade framework to evaluate outcomes in the cohort of close contacts.RESULTS: A total of 1,722 charts of TB patients were reviewed. The majority of patients (87%) were newly diagnosed with no previous episodes of TB. A total of 1,548 (90%) patients identified at least one close contact. A total of 7,548 contacts were identified with a median of 4.9 (range 1–16) contacts per patient. Among all contacts identified, 2,913 (39%) were screened for TB. Only 15 (0.5%) started TB preventive therapy and 122 (4.4%) started TB treatment. Nearly 25% of all medical history and clinical information was left unanswered among the 1,722 TB charts reviewed.CONCLUSION: Few close contacts were screened or started on TB preventive therapy in this cohort. Primary care providers for TB care in district health facilities should be informed of best practices for screening and treating TB infection and disease.
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43

Thornberry, Elizabeth. "Virginity Testing, History, and the Nostalgia For Custom in Contemporary South Africa." African Studies Review 58, no. 3 (November 23, 2015): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2015.79.

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Abstract:Over the past twenty years, South African civil society has engaged in an extended debate over the appropriate role of “custom” in public life, focusing on issues of gender and sexuality. The history of virginity testing in the Eastern Cape region shows that the nostalgia for custom points to the loss of sexual autonomy that accompanied colonialism. While the rhetoric that justified virginity testing in the precolonial and early colonial era was deeply patriarchal, the practice itself protected female sexual autonomy and provided protections that were undermined by the colonial legal regime and have yet to be effectively replaced.
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44

MALHERBE, V. C. "Testing the ‘Burgher Right’ to the Land: Khoesan, Colonist and Government in the Eastern Cape after Ordinance 50 of 1828." South African Historical Journal 40, no. 1 (May 1999): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582479908671346.

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45

Doig, Ronald. "Rb–Sr geochronology and metamorphic history of Proterozoic to early Archean rocks north of the Cape Smith Fold Belt, Quebec." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 813–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-079.

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The Churchill Province north of the Proterozoic Cape Smith volcanic fold belt of Quebec may be divided into two parts. The first is a broad antiform of migmatitic gneisses (Deception gneisses) extending north from the fold belt ~50 km to Sugluk Inlet. The second is a 20 km wide zone of high-grade metasedimentary rocks northwest of Sugluk Inlet. The Deception gneisses yield Rb–Sr isochron ages of 2600–2900 Ma and initial ratios of 0.701–0.703, showing that they are Archean basement to the Cape Smith Belt. The evidence that the basement rocks have been isoclinally refolded in the Proterozoic is clear at the contact with the fold belt. However, the gneisses also contain ubiquitous synclinal keels of metasiltstone with minor metapelite and marble that give isochron ages less than 2150 Ma. These ages, combined with low initial ratios of 0.7036, show that they are not part of the basement, as the average 87Sr/86Sr ratio for the basement rocks was about 0.718 at that time.The rocks west of Sugluk Inlet consist mainly of quartzo-feldspathic sediments, quartzites, para-amphibolites, marbles, and some pelite and iron formation. In contrast to the Proterozoic sediments in the Deception gneisses, these rocks yield dates of 3000–3200 Ma, with high initial ratios of 0.707–0.714. These initial ratios point to an age (or a provenance) much greater than that of the Archean Deception gneisses. The rocks of the Sugluk terrain are intruded by highly deformed sills of granitic rocks with ages of about 1830 Ma, demonstrating again the extent and severity of the Proterozoic overprint. The eastern margin of this possibly early Archean Sugluk block is a discontinuity in age, lithology, and geophysical character that could be a suture between two Archean cratons. It is not known if such a suturing event is of Archean age, or if it is related to the deformation of the Cape Smith Fold Belt.Models of evolution incorporating both the Cape Smith Belt and the Archean rocks to the north need to account for the internal structure of the fold belt, the continental affinity of many of the volcanic rocks, the continuity of basement around the eastern end of the belt, and the increase in metamorphism through the northern part of the belt into a broad area to the north. The Cape Smith volcanic rocks may have been extruded along a continental rift, parallel to a continental margin at Sugluk. Continental collison at Sugluk would have thrust the older and higher grade Sugluk rocks over the Deception gneisses, produced the broad Deception antiform, and displaced the Cape Smith rocks to the south in a series of north-dipping thrust slices.
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46

Locke, William W. "The late Quaternary geomorphic and paleoclimatic history of the Cape Dyer area, easternmost Baffin Island, N.W.T." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-114.

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The Cape Dyer area of easternmost Baffin Island was isolated from the Laurentide Ice Sheet by the fiords of Cumberland Peninsula. Accordingly, the glacial chronology at Cape Dyer is that of local ice only and is indicative of the local climate throughout the late Quaternary. Six drift units, representing three periods of restricted glaciation and three of expanded glaciation, are present. Beyond the most distal drift is an area that has not been modified by glaciation.The expanded glaciations were dated through correlation on the bases of moraine morphology, soil development, and amino-acid racemization in marine mollusc shells incorporated in the drifts. No maximum age can be assigned to the earliest glaciation in the Cape Dyer area, but the last major glacial advance occurred about 70 000 years BP. The presence of extensive glaciofluvial features, faunal indicators of warm ocean water, and rapid soil development indicate that major glaciations of the Cape Dyer area accompanied winters warmer than at present but summers sufficiently cool to allow ice advance.The restricted ice advances were dated through correlation on the bases of moraine morphology, soil development, and lichen cover to the period between 9000 years BP and the present. They indicate ice extent similar to or less than at present throughout the past 60 000 years, in response to climatic conditions that were colder and dryer than the present until 9000 years BP, then slightly warmer than the present.Correlation with indicators of hemispheric and global climate indicates both in-phase and out-of-phase relationships. Glaciations at Cape Dyer are in phase with periods of high accumulation on Arctic ice caps, ice rafting of sediment in the Labrador Sea, and computed summer-insolation minima – winter-insolation maxima at 65°N latitude. This is as would be expected given the climatic interpretations of the drifts. Glaciation of the Cape Dyer area is out of phase with global ice volume as indicated by oxygen isotopes, suggesting the Antarctic dry valleys as a modem climatic analog for the Pleistocene eastern Canadian Arctic. The record of ice extent, climatic interpretations, and proposed model for climatic change are in agreement with most previously published reconstructions.
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47

Swanson, Maynard W., William Beinart, and Colin Bundy. "Hidden Struggles in Rural South Africa: Politics and Popular Movements in the Transkei and Eastern Cape, 1890-1930." American Historical Review 94, no. 4 (October 1989): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1906725.

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48

Stapleton, Timothy J. "The Expansion of a Pseudo-Ethnicity in the Eastern Cape: Reconsidering the Fingo "Exodus" of 1865." International Journal of African Historical Studies 29, no. 2 (1996): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220517.

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49

Merron, James. "Prickly Pear: the social history of a plant in the Eastern Cape by William Beinart and Luvuyo Wotshela." Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa 83, no. 1 (2013): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/trn.2013.0034.

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50

Kheswa, J. G., and A. Shwempe. "Exploring Resilience among Adolescent Females with History of Child Sexual Abuse in Alice, Eastern Cape: A Qualitative Study." Journal of Human Ecology 56, no. 3 (December 2016): 318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2016.11907069.

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