Journal articles on the topic 'Hoisting device'

Assembled monolithic structure is a common structure in the process of housing industrialization, among which the composite plate is an indispensable element. The thickness of the precast slab of composite plate is small so special measures have to be adopted to prevent the excessive deformation even destruction occurred during hoisting or transport. A novel removable stiffness increasing device for precast slab is presented in this paper. The device consists of steel truss, upper steel plate and steel base plate and can effectively improve the performance of the slab during hoisting and transport. The device has the advantages of simple construction and no special equipment is necessary. The device can be removed after being hoisted and saving cost. The performance of the slab with the device during hoisting and transport is analyzed and appropriate shape parameters are suggested.

Tower crane as the main equipment of building trades, the failure of Hoisting mechanism is particularly important for complete machine working performance and device safety. In this paper, the failure of tower crane hosting mechanism is analyzed, the failure mode of hoisting mechanism is researched, the failure probability of hoisting mechanism is built, the various factors in the work influence on the tower crane hoisting mechanism is analyzed, use coefficient modification method to correct influence factor of hoisting mechanism, according to the series system theory to calculate the failure probability of tower crane, Provide the basis for the whole risk assessment.

In this study, the compensating ropes and tension device on elevator vibration, as well as the car and hoisting ropes between the top of the car and traction wheel in a high-speed traction elevator lift system, were considered a system to analyze the effect of traction force. In addition, the vertical vibration of the system was used as the research object. The influence of hoisting ropes quality was measured, and a time-varying dynamic model with variable mass, damping, and stiffness for the car–hoisting rope system was constructed from the perspective of time-varying structural mechanics. Simultaneously, the ideal running state of the elevator, which is fitted by using the quintic polynomial, was utilized as input motion parameter. Then, a case study was conducted by using the fine integral method for the vertical vibration dynamic model of the car–hoisting rope system. Finally, the nonlinear vertical vibration response of the car–hoisting rope system during the operation of high-speed traction elevator was obtained. Results indicated that the influence of traction force, compensating ropes, and tension device on the vibration of the car–hoisting rope system when the elevator is in the upward process is greater than when the elevator is in the downward process. In addition, the low quality of the elevator car leads to the production of strong longitudinal vibration. The linear density of the hoisting ropes has a slight effect on the longitudinal vibration of elevator.

This paper analyzes the common faults of the YMZ light silt coal car loader's hoisting device in working process, and supplies several solutions; Simultaneously, it mainly introduces two types of manufacturing technique about hoisting device's parts design and improvement in practical application and appraises the effect of the green design and manufacturing technique in the working device; The article concludes that improved workpiece performance is of great practical value; As the designers are designing the products, only when they should combine the new design concept and the mode of thinking with the green design concept, and attach importance to the innovation of science and technology during the designing process as well, and finally bring into play the advantages of the technology, can they produce safe, powerfrugal, efficient and shapely green products which are popular with people at home and abroad.

In the article results of researches of brake devices of lifting machines UD of joint-stock company "ArcelorMittal Temirtau" are resulted. Defects were revealed as a result of the examination. A method and device for the unconditional control of defects and technical condition of the hinged joints of brake devices is developed in terms of the gap size and the angle of rotation between the links of the kinematic pairs "Widget-finger". For the monitoring of gaps, capacitive sensors are installed, mounted on hinged joints. It is substantiated that with the use of capacitive sensors it is possible to control the gaps in the hinged joints in real time. A device has been developed that makes it possible to estimate the magnitude of the gap at several points of the kinematic chain of the mechanism simultaneously.

Based on the present study of the de-icing robot for high-voltage transmission lines, a new kind of de-icing robot for transmission lines and its auxiliary equipment for hoisting and lowering the robot are designed. The operation of the robot mainly includes four modules: walking module, de-icing module, obstacle negotiation module and hoisting-and-lowering module. The robot’s walking is driven by the rolling of the idler wheel, the de-icing is realized by combination of knocking and cutting, the obstacle negotiation part relies on the rotary telescopic arm’s coordinate crisscross motion with the box, and the motion of the hoisting-and-lowering device is based on the fixed pulley principle. The de-icing tests in laboratory and field demonstrate that this new kind of robot can walk autonomously and de-icing well on the transmission line, it has good de-icing effects, and the auxiliary equipment for hoisting and lowering the robot is safe and feasible.

For the current lack of convenient, reliable and safe lifting of the fire escape equipment, design a device along the rope, using functions with self-locking worm gear structure. Then assess the strength of the contact state and reliability of the structure, use ANSYS to analysis the contact stress and dynamic characteristics. Finally, improve the winch device design to increase the safety factor. The check calculation and experiments showed that the device can be safely hoisting the target.

Roller screw pair is the major part of the rope guiding device that used in deep-sea hoisting mechanism. This paper focuses on the contact problems of the roller screw pair. The hoisting mechanism used in the deep sea engineering has the rope with large diameter, sustaining the great rope tension force. So its important to research the contact stress of the roller screw, This paper study the impact of surface hardness of the roller on the performance of the roller screw, sums up the effect of hardness on the bearing capacity of the roller, and provides the theoretical support and references for the designing and application of this new type of roller screw in marine engineering.

Hoisting rope in a high-speed traction elevator lifting system exhibits strong time-varying characteristics, which, to a large extent, affect the comfort and safety of high-speed elevators. In order to analyse the influence of the time-varying characteristics on the vibration of elevators during the whole operation process, the longitudinal vibration of the hoisting rope of a lifting elevator is introduced to study the effect of the time varying characteristics of a lifting system on the time-varying characteristics of longitudinal vibration. The nonlinear time-varying model of the longitudinal vibration of the hoisting rope is established using the Hamilton principle and energy method. The Galerkin method is used to discretize the partial differential equations of vibration. The quintic polynomial is used to fit the ideal operating state of the elevator. Following this, the quintic polynomial is input as the motion parameter. The precise integration for the time-varying model of longitudinal vibration of the lift system is put forward. The time variant of elevator hoisting system is solved and vibration analysis is carried out with elevator case. It is observed that, during operation, as the length of the hoist rope increases, the acceleration of the longitudinal vibration of the elevator increases too. As the tensile force, provided by the tensioning device, increases, the acceleration decreases.

Background:: With the increasing mining depth, single rope winding hoist and multi-rope friction hoist may not be feasible in ultra-deep wells. For the single rope winding hoist, larger rope diameter and drum diameter are required, while a lot of inconveniences would arise in the manufacturing process. For the multi-rope friction hoist, the balance tail rope is necessary so that a fluctuation in stress greater than 11.5% of the wire rope breaking force increases. Objective:: The purpose of this patent is to provide an overview of a tension balancing device using new bevel gear system in the multi-rope winding hoist. In the research, varying tension of the rope winded on each drum is conveniently and quickly adjusted in different working conditions. Methods:: A bevel gear balancing device is designed in the multi-rope winding hoist. It mainly consists of big and small output bevel gear, shell, balance bevel gear, and support frame. Results:: Unbalanced tension caused by different lengths of the ropes is compensated without any restrictions. The tension of all wire ropes is always in balance ensured by the balancing mechanism throughout the whole process of lifting and lowering containers. When the winding diameter of the drums is different, the tension of the hoisting-ropes will not be precisely adjusted. But it can be negligible. Conclusion:: The bevel gear balancing device in the patent is installed on the main shaft of the multirope winding hoist. Through analysis, the device was observed to be simple and easy to operate. The tension of the hoisting-ropes can be accurately balanced.

Copper stripping machine is an alternative to traditional artificial device. It is one of the key parts of the stripping device. It realizes stripping the sponge copper from the surface of the sheet nickel and ensures the subsequent automation. This article has carried on the simulation by using ADAMS to the movement of device, and base on theory of fluid mechanics and calculates the vibratory force on sheet nickel. By analysis, under the current hoisting height, the device can effectively guarantee shaking off the sponge copper on the surface of the sheet nickel. The electrolyte flushing of sponge copper removal effect is not obvious.

According to serious accident of general overturn and machine damage that happens while an enterprise steel wharf’s port fixed crane with a rated capacity of 10 t was hoisting load. Checking the safety device and safety structure of key part of the accident crane, and the adaptability of maximum amplitude rated capacity and other cause of the accident, finally put forward safety measure of integrated management of cranes.

Techniques of lifting large segments of steel box girder by floating crane is used in construction of Chongqi Bridge. Considering the hydrological environment on the site, characteristics of steel box girders and performance parameters of floating crane, the selection of floating crane is carried out. To ensure hoisting work achieve function and safety, a new type of lifting device named Self-balance lifting device is designed, and the lifting-points design is optimized to make the reaction of all lifting-points of large segments equal. In the erection process of large segments, the security risk control is analyzed to ensure the steel box girders and lifting equipments safety.

Since humans are bipedal, it is easy to become bedridden when the hip and legs become weakened or disabled due to aging or other causes. If such physically challenged people are enabled to get up from bed and move to a nearby location, however, they could use their arms and hands to do certain tasks such as taking meals or writing. In this paper, we propose a wearable device for supporting the human body that can be easily worn or removed by means of a body-holding device. The hoisting device has an arm which, as an end-effector, supports the body and allows the user to rise from bed and lie down again. In addition, a three-point fixing mechanism is used to maintain the user’s sitting posture at a desk, and to realize an integrated self-assisted care system.

Analysis of vibration characteristics when the cage is locking. Deduce vibration model by elastic lifting rope, interaction of sheave and rope. Based on step function, a wire rope vibration mode function, vibration displacement and tension solution are given. Results show that the cage locking device reduces impact and avoids the slippery rope and the security hidden danger. The vibration model of locking cage process is applied to the cage jammed situation. If the frequency during sudden jam is greater than or equal to the fundamental frequency, hoisting wire rope fracture does not occur.

Abstract The paper presents the development of a series of flat steel and polymer bearing ropes using a polyurethane polymeric material (the name of NPSP – flat steel-polyurethane). These ropes are intended for mining extraction devices with friction drive (multi-mill drive wheel, multi-rope drums with a number of ropes from 3 to 12 pieces). The authors of this article have presented a comparison of the drive power of a selected multi-mine mine hoist device with a classic steel round rope with the same extractor in which steel and polymer flat carrying ropes were used. The article also presents the development of mining construction of hoisting equipment, which includes the use of new rope ropes. Very positive results from exploitation in Polish mining of flat steel-rubber balance ropes (durability up to 12 years) can be the basis for the use of such ropes as supporting ropes. Flat steel-polymer supporting ropes, in which the matrix can be rubber or polyurethane or other plastic material, could contribute to increasing the durability of load-bearing ropes due to anti-corrosion protection as well as to reduce the dimensions of drive wheels and rope hoisting machines, and thus to lower the power of the winding machine (as a result of reducing the moments of inertia of the propeller, propulsion and rope). It is also worth mentioning that the NPSP carrying ropes can work directly on steel coatings of propeller drums with proper positioning, created by clamping elements (wood, plastic or aluminum blocks).

This paper developed an intelligent control system based on micro-computer in order to rope wire in a winch. It introduces the constituent parts and work principle of the system, analyzes moving direction rules of the rope-aligning device, calculating method of step number and speed regulating algorithm of the stepping motor. The system can adapt rope-aligning speed and distance to the wire diameter and the roller rotating speed. With good characteristic such as regulating speed quickly and smoothly, following roller rapidly and controlling itself intelligently, the system can be widely used in hoisting and lifting field.

Abstract A large number of hydraulic devices and systems are started in low ambient temperatures. A good example of such a device is the hoisting winch on the ship. Starting hydraulic drive units in thermal shock conditions (rapid supply of hot oil to the cold unit) may lead to incorrect operation of the actuating system, for instance, due to the loss of clearance between cooperating elements. The article presents methods to prevent the disappearance of effective clearance in a hydraulic motor started in thermal shock conditions. For this reason, the structure of the hydraulic satellite motor was complemented by elements creating special channels through which hot oil could flow and additionally heat fixed parts of the motor. This solution ensures faster heating of motor housing, thus decreasing the temperature difference between the housing and the satellites during motor start-up in thermal shock conditions.

Permanent magnet linear synchronous motors (PMLSMs) is the best driving motor for rope-less hoist system because of the advantages of simple structure, small volume, high force, unlimited hoisting height and speed. In this paper, the finite element method (FEM) is adopted to design a PMLSM with 16-pole 15-slot as a unit for rope-less hoist system. Through the FEM analysis, the EMF constant Ke and the force constant Kf of unit motor were got. Then a direct driving elevator prototype drove by the proposed PMLSM was built. Experimental results show the stable operation performance of the experimental device, having good prospects for the development and application.

Rope-less hoist system driven by permanent magnet linear synchronous motor has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, high force, unlimited hoisting height and speed. So, it is attracting more attention, increasingly becoming a research hot and difficult in the vertical hoist field. In this paper, a design scheme of direct driving high-speed elevator is proposed according to the key technical problems of rope-less hoist system driven by PMLSM, and then a small-sized home elevator prototype is built. Experimental results show the safe and stable operation performance of the experimental device, which offers the reference for the further research and the development and application of PMLSM rope-less hoist system.

Purpose. The paper analyzes the diagnostic methods for ropes with variable cross-section. The rationale consists in increasing the level of efficiency, safety and identifying a reliable method for monitoring the condition, service life of mine hoisting installations with main rubber-cord ropes. Research methodology. The analytical research method was used when receiving signals arising from a cable break. It was found that certain types of defects in which signals arise and are transmitted to the sensor when the cable breaks. Research results. Based on these results, it was proposed to diagnose the ropes using electrical resistance and develop a device. So, diagnostics consists in applying voltage to the ends of the rope ropes according to the selected schemes and in a given sequence, establishing the magnitude of the current arising in the conductors that are supplied with voltage, analyzing certain currents, providing information about the state of the ropes and, if necessary, stopping the machine. The received signals can be used as diagnostic parameters when monitoring the condition of the rope ropes by a special system for automatic detection of rupture of rubber-rope ropes. Scientific novelty. Improving the safety of lifting machines, in particular elevators, can be achieved by providing continuous and automatic control of the traction of ropes - the integrity of their traction elements of the cables. It is known that the control system works with the formulation, transmission and processing of the signal. The dependences of the resistance value as a diagnostic parameter of the system for monitoring the state of the main rubber-cord rope, during operation on a mine hoist, have been clarified, which make it possible to determine the currents arising in the ropes at the points of supply of the potential difference for a rope with intact ropes and in case of damage and automatically monitor the integrity of the rope base of the rope, than to increase the safety of operation of mine hoisting complexes. Practical value. The effective norms of exploitation of rubber cord hoisting ropes have been determined; the parameters of the control system for diagnostics of integrity have been substantiated and methods for monitoring the technical condition of ropes have been developed, protected by patents for invention.

The classical approach to the design of hydraulic drives includes complex calculations and real tests, which is a resource-consuming process. Reduce the cost of design allows the introduction of the development of simulation modeling and CAD / CAM / CAE / PDM automation complexes of the production cycle of enterprises. Modeling allows us to use systematic basis methodological achievements of the theory and practice of hydroautomatics for the design of hydraulic devices to accumulate in the orderly form design experience and provide model support for the life cycle of these products. The article deals with the modern approach to the design of hydraulic drives. A type of a preliminary evaluation of hydraulic drive characteris-tics is given in the example of a hydrodrive of a lifting and mast device. The principle and design schemes of the hydraulic drive are chosen, and a mathematical model is compiled on the basis of the requirements for hoisting and mast devices. A simulation model of the drive is developed on the basis of the mathematical model, consisting of several separate parts connected together. Parts represent a mixed structure of blocks that describe processes in mechanical and hydraulic systems. For visual display an animated 3D model has been created that allows you to observe the progress and results of the simulation. During the calculations, the position dependence graphs of the each link of the lifting and mast device on time, as well as pressure and flow on the safety valve were obtained. Conclusion, based on the results of modeling, was made about the adequacy of the application of models for estimating the characteristics of the projected hydraulic drive in the first approximation. It is recommended to develop such models at the stages of outline and technical design.

Abstract The safety and efficiency of material handling systems involve periodical inspections and evaluation of transportation device technical conditions. That is particularly important in case of industrial cranes, since they are subjected to a large impact load and mechanical stresses acting on the crane's structure and equipment. The paper considers the possibility of a crane structure inspection using the metal magnetic memory (MMM) method. As an advanced non-destructive technique, this method can be employed for inspection of crane structure during operation, which leads to reduce the down time costs and increase the safety confidence in the monitoring process. The MMM technique is effective for early identification of the possible defect location and detecting the micro-damage in ferromagnetic structures through detecting the stress concentration areas. The basic principle of MMM method is the self-magnetic flux leakage signal that correlates with the degree of stress concentration. This method allows detecting early damage of ferromagnetic material through performing measurement in the earth magnetic field, without the use of a special magnetizing device. The paper presents the experimental results carried out on the double-girder overhead travelling crane with hoisting capacity 1000 kg. The influence of the load variation and duration time on the intensity of the self-magnetic flux leakage signal is analysed and discussed.

Purpose. Perform an analysis of existing automated control systems of the electric drive and methods of forming the starting torque to determine the compliance of the selected system and method to the requirements for trouble-free mode of start and start of the technological mechanism in difficult conditions or breakaway and start under load.. Methodology. Comparison of energy performance and capabilities of control systems and methods for the formation of starting torque, mathematical calculations, analysis of the properties of systems and methods in accordance with the requirements of technological operations during the start. Findings. To obtain the results of the analysis of the current methods of starting induction motors, autotransformer start was considered, which can significantly reduce the starting current, and also connect a capacitor with a reactance to reduce the current and increase the starting torque; the use of soft start with amplitude-phase control allows you to reduce the starting current and reached the absence of its impulses. The vector-pulse method of controlling the converting device increases the starting torque in the absence of an increase in starting current, such advantages have a quasi-frequency starting mode, but the application is limited by special technological equipment. Thyristor voltage regulator using the phase control method, despite its widespread use in control systems, has a low value of the starting torque. To carry out starting in difficult conditions, according to the results of the analysis of existing systems of controlled starting, it was found that a rational electric drive system for hoisting-and-transport mechanisms is a frequency-controlled electric drive system according to the "frequency converter - asynchronous motor" (FC - IM) scheme. Originality. For the first time it is proposed to improve the existing control systems of hoisting and transport mechanisms that perform start-up in difficult conditions when using the modes of movement to form the starting torque that exceeds the passport value by 3-4 times. Increasing energy efficiency based on increasing their efficiency, information content and data reliability. For the first time, the reasons for the shortcomings of existing control systems during start-up under load in modern production are analyzed. Practical value. The choice of a rational electric drive system for lifting and transport mechanisms is substantiated when starting in difficult conditions, which will provide maximum efforts in the transmission of a technological mechanism with permissible current and thermal overloads of asynchronous machines.

The article is dedicated to the problem of optimization of chain drives of the drilling unit. At present, increasing the power per machine to the optimal limits, reducing the material and energy consumption per unit capacity of the machine, as well as operating costs are considered topical issues. The machines that are designed and constructed to optimal limits must be very powerful and productive. The machines that are applied to perform drilling works in the oil and gas industry must be easy to operate, reliable and have ability to operate for a long time. When constructing such machines, their being lightweight, economical, as well as their preparation in a short time and at low cost should be taken into account in advance. In order to ensure the reliable operation of drilling rigs, it is more expedient to apply chain drive in their mechanical transmission. First of all, the application of chain drive in drilling units and hoisting mechanisms is considered. Then a calculation method was developed for the chain drives of the drilling unit used in deep exploration wells and the exploitation of wells, and, accordingly, the calculation of the chain drive was carried out. The chain drive consists of drive and driven sprockets and a chain that encompasses the sprockets and engages in their teeth. Chain drives with several driven sprockets are also used. In addition to the basic listed elements, chain drives include tensioners, lubricating device and guards. The chain consists of hinged links that provide mobility or “flexibility” of the chain. Chain drives can be performed in a wide range of parameters. The calculation took into account the quality of the material, the service life and durability of the chain drive construction

As the key junction between the ground and underground, hoisting systems as well as mines themselves are of vital importance to coalmine production. Laser ranging method is studied as a new solution of getting the real-time position directly. Furthermore, multi-scale phase based laser ranging principles are utilized in the system. The paper is aimed to conduct research into the problems existing in standard signal generating while using laser to locating the hoisting container, and to design standard sine generator circuits with DDS technology and DDS devices AD9850 to generate multiple frequency standard signals. In view of the serious noise disturbance in high frequency output, 4-order Chebyshev low-pass filter is designed, by using the integrated analog filters LT 6600-15, to filter the sine signals from AD9850 and to effectively weaken the noise disturbance. The established practical circuits are tested, obtaining trillion level high frequency and low frequency sine signals and fulfilling the requirements for the location system of hoisting containers.

The research approaches the possibilities of modernizing the cable fastening devices for balancing mining hoisting engines with a view to increase functioning safety and to decrease the costs of manufacturing. Modern means of investigation are employed so that the proposed solutions are well-grounded and display a certain degree of generality in order that the technology might also be applied to other technical circumstances in the industry of resource extraction and capitalization.

According to the test requirements of elevator safety devices, a set of elevator tower was designed and manufactured. There are two wells, one is used to ascending test, and the other is used to descending test. The lifting devices are composed of electric hoist and trolley, and can move along the track on the top of tower in order to change test well. The guide bracket is hanged on the lifting hook of hoist and slides on the track with guide shoes. There are two hooks in release mechanism and controlled by electric control system and manual button separately. The loading mechanism implements hoisting and walking movements through silk pole and pulley system.

In the oil and gas industry, the drilling masts are complex metallic constructions made of welded ends beams, which can be classified, from a mechanical point of view, in the statically indeterminate structures` category. The drilling mast is a part of the hoisting system of a drilling rig and its main purposes are: to support some devices as the crown block at the top, the crane, the rotary swivel etc and to provide support for the drill pipes to be stacked vertically during the round trips operations, which implies the operation of removing the drill string from the wellbore or running it back in the hole.

In some special applications of NPC three-level inverters, such as mine hoist, there exist special conditions of overloading during the whole hoisting process and large overload in starting stage, during which the power-loss calculation of power devices and thermal control are important factors affecting the thermal stability of inverters. The principles of SVPWM and DPWM were described in this paper firstly, based on which the dynamic power losses of the two modulations of hoist in single period were calculated. Secondly, a thermal equilibrium dynamic control based on DPMW dual-mode modulation was proposed, which can switch the modulation dynamically according to the change of dynamic power loss to realize dynamic control of power loss and thermal equilibrium of inverter. Finally, simulation and experiment prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Good accessibility to the internet, cheap and reliable wireless sensor network (WSN), together with the explosion of ubiquitous wireless devices like computers, PDA and smart-phones etc, extend the application of the Internet of Things (IOT) technology from traditional fields such as the logistics to engineering fields in which the real-time monitoring of the function and the reliability or safety of machines or engineering structures like bridges becomes more and more crucial. The work in this paper aims at the development of a monitoring system for the type of cranes which are used to hoist heavy loads in the open air environment by using the technology of IOT. And a safety monitoring system, which consists of both hardware unit and software, has been developed and is now being practically applied in engineering. The software of the system is developed on NET platform and the operating platform is Windows operating system.

The nonlinear dynamic responses of a wire rope under periodic excitation in a friction hoisting system are investigated. Longitudinal excitation experiments of different periodic excitation frequencies are performed. The nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the rope, including transverse, longitudinal, and coupled vibrations, are discussed with time-frequency analysis. The results show that the transverse vibration is a forced vibration following the excitation, while the longitudinal vibration shows a complex, random vibration state. The vibration amplitude and intensity deviate significantly from their linear trend (superharmonic resonance) at some excitation frequencies, and this deviation indicates the typical nonlinear multiorder natural frequency characteristics. The lifting motion can lead to additional corrugated high-order harmonics and cause a fundamental wave distortion of low-frequency excitation. Experimental evidence for the coupling characteristics of the transverse-longitudinal rope vibration in the lifting process is found.

Based on the reconstruction project for Gorno-Shorsky branch of JSC “Evrazruda” developed by JSC “Giproruda” to maintain the enterprise’s production capacity of 6 million tons per year, the shaft “Skipovoy” should be sunk from the level of 115 m to the level of 85 m. Due to the fact that the reconstruction period was to be shortened, the employees of LLC “SibGorComplex Engineering” together with the Underground and Mine Construction Department of T.F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University developed several variants of new design of wedge pentices for vertical mine shaft sinking under hoisting operations. The results of studies of the dynamic loading impact on the design of safety devices in skip shaft sinking are presented in the article. Based on the method of designing the force action essentials for the emergency skip dumping, the functions allowing determining the value of the impact on the main structural elements of pentices completely bridging over the shaft cross-section that can be used to substantiate the design parameters of new wedge pentices.

Objective: Selection of technical solutions for designing a covered detachable body fence with sliding side walls and a roof. Methods: A detachable body with sliding side walls and a roof was designed in accordance with several technical and regulatory documents using the KOMPAS-3D design software. Results: The covered detachable body with sliding side walls and a roof designed for the carriage of goods that require protection from atmospheric precipitation has been proposed. A scheme of a lock for side sliding doors and a linkage scheme of the doors’ middle part have been developed. Drawings of the main load-bearing elements of the car body are presented, including the underframe with three longitudinal and several transverse and auxiliary beams. The diagram of fastening the sliding door roller assemblies on the car body to the lower longitudinal beams and to the upper beam is given. Practical importance: The covered detachable body with sliding side walls and a roof allows reducing the time and human effort of loading and unloading the car, provides simultaneous loading and unloading of goods both from the side and from the top of the body using various hoisting devices.

Introduction. Changes of metal structure commonly result in equipment failures; early recognition of such changes is necessary in order to prevent emergency situations. Coercimetry is a simple and informative method for metal structure estimation. Method. The coercive force measurement method was used for estimation of the metal fatigue state. Results. The article presents the results of coercive force measurement application for the diagnosis of blast furnace jackets, overhead cranes, load-bearing elements of buildings and structures, pressure vessels, industrial pipelines, chimney stacks, ropes of hoisting devices. Manual testing of the equipment working under metallurgical production conditions is complicated; in hard-to-reach places and gas hazardous areas the stationary testing system has been used; the system has included permanently installed sensors connected to the switchboard. The equipment residual life has been determined by the coercive force maximum values with the use of nomograms. Conclusions. The coercive force measurement method for diagnostic survey of the equipment working under considerable thermal effect makes it possible to determine the metal stress state, predict zones of corrosion cracks formation and development, estimate the residual operation life, plan worn areas replacement/repair and as the final result – reduce unplanned and emergency shutdowns.

Purpose – The deformation of a large fuselage panel is unavoidable due to its weak-stiffness and low-rigidity. Sometimes, the assembly accuracy of the panel is out of tolerance. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to predict and correct the assembly deformation of a large fuselage panel during digital assembly by using a finite element (FE) analysis and partial least squares regression (PLSR) method. Design/methodology/approach – A FE model is proposed to optimize the layout of load-transmitting devices to reduce panel deformation after the process of hoisting and supporting. Furthermore, another FE model is established to investigate the deformation behavior of the panel. By orthogonal simulations, the position error data of measurement points representing the precision of the panel are obtained. Then, a mathematical model of the relationship between the position errors of measurement points on the panel and the displacements of numerical control positioners is developed based on the PLSR method. Findings – The case study shows that the model has a high level of computing accuracy and that the proposed method is an efficient way to correct the panel deformation in digital assembly. Originality/value – The results of this study will enhance the understanding of the deformation behavior of a panel in aircraft digital assembly and help to improve the assembly precision systematically and efficiently.

According to API 4F, SR EN ISO 14693:2004, the action of wind as a hurricane, with a speed of 120 km/h, represents a special load the drilling masts, which are a part of the drilling rigs, are submitted to. By their construction, the masts are multiple statically indetermined structures, made of many welded ends beams, and are designed as a component of the hoisting system, having some main purposes as supporting devices as the crown block at the top, the crane, the rotary swivel etc and providing support for the drill pipes to be stacked vertically during the round trips operations. In the present paper was analyzed, from this point of view, a drilling mast made of rectangular pipes, rated for a maximum hook load of 300 kN. The authors calculated the wind pressures, in accordance with the formulae specified in the standards, and introduced this special loading as a distributed load, firstly on the transversal direction of the mast and then on the longitudinal direction, with respect to the spatial reference system attached to the analyzed mast. Using the Finite Element Method, the nodes displacements and mast`s elements stress were determined. The most important obtained values of the displacements and stress were graphically shown and commented and, also, interesting conclusions are presented concerning the drilling mast resistance in specific conditions that occur in case of the wind action as a hurricane.

For improving the generality, expandability and accuracy, the general embedded intelligent monitoring system of tower crane is developed. The system can be applied to different kinds of tower cranes running at any lifting ratio, can be initialized using U disk with the information of tower crane, and fit the lifting torque curve automatically. In dangerous state, the system can sent out alarm signals with sounds and lights, and cut off power by sending signals to PLC through communication interface RS485. When electricity goes off suddenly, the system can record the real-time operating information automatically, and store them in a black box, which can be taken as the basis for confirming the accident responsibility.In recent years, tower cranes play a more and more important role in the construction of tall buildings, in other construction fields are also more widely used. For the safety of tower cranes, various monitors have been developed for monitoring the running information of crane tower [1-8]. These monitors can’t eliminate the errors caused by temperature variations automatically. The specific tower crane’s parameters such as geometric parameters, alarming parameters, lifting ratio, lifting torque should be embedded into the core program, so a monitor can only be applied to a specific type of tower crane, lack of generality and expansibility.For improving the defects of the existing monitors, a general intelligent monitoring modular system of tower crane with high precision is developed, which can initialize the system automatically, eliminate the temperature drift and creep effect of sensor, and store power-off data, which is the function of black box.Hardware design of the monitoring systemThe system uses modularized design mode. These modules include embedded motherboard module, sensor module, signal processing module, data acquisition module, power module, output control module, display and touch screen module. The hardware structure is shown in figure 1. Figure 1 Hardware structure of the monitoring systemEmbedded motherboard module is the core of the system. The motherboard uses the embedded microprocessor ARM 9 as MCU, onboard SDRAM and NAND Flash. Memory size can be chosen according to users’ needs. SDRAM is used for running procedure and cache data. NAND Flash is used to store embedded Linux operating system, applications and operating data of tower crane. Onboard clock with rechargeable batteries provides the information of year, month, day, hour, minute and second. This module provides time tag for real-time operating data. Most interfaces are taken out by the plugs on the embedded motherboard. They include I/O interface, RS232 interface, RS485 interface, USB interface, LCD interface, Audio interface, Touch Screen interface. Pull and plug structure is used between all interfaces and peripheral equipments, which not only makes the system to be aseismatic, but also makes its configuration flexible. Watch-dog circuit is designed on the embedded motherboard, which makes the system reset to normal state automatically after its crash because of interference, program fleet, or getting stuck in an infinite loop, so the system stability is improved greatly. In order to store operating data when power is down suddenly, the power-down protection circuit is designed. The saved data will be helpful to repeat the accident process later, confirm the accident responsibility, and provide the basis for structure optimization of tower crane.Sensor module is confirmed by the main parameters related to tower crane’s security, such as lifting weight, lifting torque, trolley luffing, lifting height, rotary angle and wind speed. Axle pin shear load cell is chosen to acquire lifting weight signals. Potentiometer accompanied with multi-stopper or incremental encoder is chosen to acquire trolley luffing and lifting height signals. Potentiometer accompanied with multi-stopper or absolute photoelectric encoder is chosen to acquire rotary angle signals. Photoelectric sensor is chosen to acquire wind speed signals. The output signals of these sensors can be 0~5V or 4~20mA analog signals, or digital signal from RS485 bus. The system can choose corresponding signal processing method according to the type of sensor signal, which increases the flexibility on the selection of sensors, and is helpful for the users to expand monitoring objects. If the acquired signal is analog signal, it will be processed with filtering, isolation, anti-interference processing by signal isolate module, and sent to A/D module for converting into digital signals, then transformed into RS485 signal by the communication protocol conversion device according to Modbus protocol. If the acquired signal is digital signal with RS485 interface, it can be linked to RS485 bus directly. All the acquired signals are sent to embedded motherboard for data processing through RS485 bus.The data acquisition module is linked to the data acquisition control module on embedded motherboard through RS485 interface. Under the control of program, the system inquires the sensors at regular intervals, and acquires the operating data of crane tower. Median filter technology is used to eliminate interferences from singularity signals. After analysis and processing, the data are stored in the database on ARM platform.Switch signal can be output to relay module or PLC from output control module through RS485 bus, then each actuator will be power on or power off according to demand, so the motion of tower crane will be under control.Video module is connected with motherboard through TFT interface. After being processed, real-time operating parameters are displayed on LCD. The working time, work cycle times, alarm, overweight and ultar-torque information will be stored into database automatically. For meeting the needs of different users, the video module is compatible with 5.7, 8.4 or 10.4 inches of color display.Touch screen is connected with embedded motherboard by touch screen interface, so human machine interaction is realized. Initialization, data download, alarm information inquire, parameter modification can be finished through touch screen.Speaker is linked with audio interface, thus alarm signals is human voice signal, not harsh buzz.USB interface can be linked to conventional U disk directly. Using U disk, users can upload basic parameters of tower crane, initialize system, download operating data, which provides the basis for the structural optimization and accident analysis. Software design of the monitoring systemAccording to the modular design principle, the system software is divided into grading encryption module, system update module, parameter settings module, calibration module, data acquisition and processor module, lifting parameters monitoring module, alarm query module, work statistics module.Alarm thresholds are guarantee for safety operation of the tower crane. Operating data of tower crane are the basis of service life prediction, structural optimization, accident analysis, accident responsibility confirmation. According to key field, the database is divided into different security levels for security requirements. Key fields are grade encryption with symmetrical encryption algorithm, and data keys are protected with elliptic curve encryption algorithm. The association is realized between the users’ permission and security grade of key fields, which will ensure authorized users with different grades to access the equivalent encrypted key fields. The user who meets the grade can access equivalent encrypted database and encrypted key field in the database, also can access low-grade encrypted key fields. This ensures the confidentiality and integrity of key data, and makes the system a real black box.The system is divided into operating mode and management mode in order to make the system toggle between the two states conveniently. The default state is operating mode. As long as the power is on, the monitoring system will be started by the system guide program, and monitor the operating state of the tower crane. The real-time operating data will be displayed on the display screen. At the dangerous state, warning signal will be sent to the driver through voice alarm and light alarm, and corresponding control signal will be output to execution unit to cut off relevant power for tower crane’s safety.By clicking at the mode switch button on the initial interface, the toggle can be finished between the management mode and the operating mode. Under the management mode, there are 4 grades encrypted modes, namely the system update, alarm query, parameter setting and data query. The driver only can browse relevant information. Ordinary administrator can download the alarm information for further analysis. Senior administrator can modify the alarm threshold. The highest administrator can reinitialize system to make it adapt to different types of tower crane. Only browse and download function are available in the key fields of alarm inquiry, anyone can't modify the data. The overload fields in alarm database are encrypted, only senior administrator can browse. The sensitive fields are prevented from being tampered to the great extent, which will provide the reliable basis for the structural optimization and accident analysis. The system can be initialized through the USB interface. Before initialization, type, structural parameters, alarm thresholds, control thresholds, lifting torque characteristics of tower crane should be made as Excel files and then converted to XML files by format conversion files developed specially, then the XML files are downloaded to U disk. The U disk is inserted into USB interface, then the highest administrator can initialize the system according to hints from system. After initialization, senior administrator can modify structural parameters, alarm thresholds, control thresholds by clicking on parameters setting menu. So long as users can make the corresponding excel form, the system initialization can be finished easily according to above steps and used for monitoring. This is very convenient for user.Tower crane belongs to mobile construction machinery. Over time, sensor signals may have some drift, so it is necessary to calibrate the system regularly for guaranteeing the monitoring accuracy. Considering the tower is a linear elastic structure, sensors are linear sensors,in calibration linear equation is used:y=kx+b (1)where x is sample value of sensor, y is actual value. k, b are calibration coefficients, and are calculated out by two-points method. At running mode, the relationship between x and y is:y=[(y1-y0)/(x1-x0)](x-x0)+y0 (2)After calibration, temperature drift and creep can be eliminated, so the monitoring accuracy is improved greatly.Lifting torque is the most important parameter of condition monitoring of tower crane. Comparing the real-time torque M(L) with rated torque Me(L), the movement of tower crane can be controlled under a safe status.M (L)= Q (L)×L (3)Where, Q(L)is actual lifting weight, L is trolley luffing. Me(L) = Qe(L)×L (4)Where, Q e(L) is rated lifting weight. The design values of rated lifting weight are discrete, while trolley luffing is continuous. Therefore there is a rated lifting weight in any position. According to the mechanical characteristics of tower crane, the rated lifting weight is calculated out at any point by 3 spline interpolation according to the rated lifting weight at design points.When lifting weight or lifting torque is beyond rated value, alarm signal and control signal will be sent out. The hoist motor with high, medium and low speed is controlled by the ratio of lifting weight Q and maximum lifting weight Qmax,so the hoisting speed can be controlled automatically by the lifting weight. The luffing motor with high and low speed is controlled by the ratio of lifting torque M and rated lifting torque Me. Thus the luffing speed can be controlled by the lifting torque automatically. The flow chart is shown in figure 2. Fig. 2 real-time control of lifting weight and lifting torqueWhen accidents take place, power will be off suddenly. It is vital for identifying accident liability to record the operating data at the time of power-off. If measures are not taken to save the operating data, the relevant departments is likely to shirk responsibility. In order to solve the problem, the power-off protection module is designed. The module can save the operating data within 120 seconds automatically before power is off suddenly. In this 120 seconds, data is recorded every 0.1 seconds, and stores in a 2D array with 6 rows 1200 columns in queue method. The elements of the first line are the recent time (year-month-day-hour-minute-second), the elements of the second line to sixth line are lifting weight, lifting torque, trolley luffing, lifting height and wind speed in turn. The initial values are zero, when a set of data are obtained, the elements in the first column are eliminated, the elements in the backward columns move frontwards, new elements are filled into the last column of the array, so the array always saves the operating data at the recent 120 seconds. In order to improve the real-time property of the response, and to extend the service life of the nonvolatile memory chip EEPROM-93C46, the array is cached in volatile flip SDRAM usually. So long as power-off signal produces, the array will be shift to EEPROM, at once.In order to achieve the task, the external interruption thread and the power-off monitoring thread of program is set up, the power-off monitoring thread of program is the highest priority. These two threads is idle during normal operation. When power is off, the power-off monitoring thread of program can be executed immediately. When power-off is monitored by power-off control circuit, the external interruption pins produces interrupt signal. The ARM microprocessor responds to external interrupt request, and wakes up the processing thread of external interruption, then sets synchronized events as informing state. After receiving the synchronized events, the data cached in SDRAM will be written to EEPROM in time.ConclusionThe general intelligence embedded monitoring system of tower crane, which can be applicable to various types of tower crane operating under any lifting rates, uses U disk with the information of the tower crane to finish the system initialization and fits the lifting torque curve automatically. In dangerous state, the system will give out the voice and light alarm, link with the relay or PLC by the RS485 communication interface, and cut off the power. When power is down suddenly, the instantaneous operating data can be recorded automatically, and stored in a black box, which can be taken as the proof for identifying accident responsibility. The system has been used to monitor the "JiangLu" series of tower cranes successfully, and achieved good social and economic benefits.AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank China Natural Science Foundation(50975289), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(20100471229), Hunan science & technology plan, Jianglu Machinery & Electronics Co. Ltd for funding this work.Reference Leonard Bernold. Intelligent Technology for Crane Accident Prevention. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 1997, 9: 122~124.Gu Lichen,Lei Peng,Jia Yongfeng. Tower crane' monitor and control based on multi-sensor. Journal of Vibration, Measurement and Diagnosis. 2006, 26(SUPPL.): 174-178.Wang Ming,Zhang Guiqing,Yan Qiao,et, al. Development of a novel black box for tower crane based on an ARM-based embedded system. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics. 2007: 82-87.Wang Renqun, Yin Chenbo, Zhang Song, et, al. Tower Crane Safety Monitoring and Control System Based on CAN Bus. Instrument Techniques and Sensor. 2010(4): 48-51.Zheng Conghai,Li Yanming,Yang Shanhu,et, al. Intelligent Monitoring System for Tower Crane Based on BUS Architecture and Cut IEEE1451 Standard. Computer Measurement & Control. 2010, 18, (9): 1992-1995.Yang Yu,Zhenlian Zhao,Liang Chen. Research and Design of Tower Crane Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System. 2010 Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence. 2010: 405-408.Yu Yang, Chen Liang, Zhao Zhenlian. Research and design of tower crane condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence, 2010, 3: 405-408.Chen Baojiang, Zeng Xiaoyuan. Research on structural frame of the embedded monitoring and control system for tower crane. 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering. 2010: 5374-5377.

Groundwater is mainly used for water supply of cities, rural settlements and industries in the Republic of Belarus. About 90% of water wells operate at reduced specific production rates as a consequence of biological and chemical clogging. Due to the insufficient efficiency of existing regeneration methods, the average service life of water wells rarely exceeds 18–20 years, which is significantly shorter than the estimated life. In this regard, creation of the effective and simple regeneration methods is becoming an urgent scientific and practical problem of great importance. A reversible pulse-and-chemical regeneration assembly has been designed for water wells; it consists of a compressor, hoses and a submersible device in the form of a two-chamber pneumatic displacement pump. The advantage of this assembly is the absence of a circulation pump in its configuration and the possibility of efficient treatment of a limited filter interval. A technology for the regeneration of water wells using the reversible pulse-and-chemical regeneration assembly is proposed. The installation, hoisting and other related operations should be carried out using a truck crane with a telescopic lifting boom. The reagent can be universal acid cleansing agent Deskam TU RB 37430824.001-97. One of the advantages of water well regeneration using the proposed assembly is the reverse movement of the reagent in gravel filter. Two regeneration modes were tested on a laboratory scale: the reversible flow and one-way flow of the reagent. The analysis of the laboratory research data shows that the use of the reversible mode of the reagent movement significantly reduces the cleaning time required for the removal of colmatant from the gravel filter as compared with the one-way flow of the reagent.

In the paper there is proposed computer model of the contact of friction materials in the brake devices of building road machines and lifting transport machines at different temperatures. The contact surface is modeled by a microrelief composed of a set of elements in the form of rods. As a result of modelling, there are such contact characteristics as rapprochement, distribution of contact pressure, real contact area and the gap between the surfaces. The obtained dependencies are compered with the finite element method. Keywords computer model of contact at diggerent temperatures, temperature influence, contact of friction material, actual contact area, contact pressure distribution