Academic literature on the topic 'Holding tools under car'
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Journal articles on the topic "Holding tools under car"
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Kotomchin, A. N. "Effect of electrochemical treatment on substrate adhesion strength in the restoration of motor vehicle parts operating under hydroabrasive wear." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 19, no. 4 (September 15, 2022): 546–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2022-19-4-546-559.
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Introduction. In the process of chrome plating of car parts, it is necessary to obtain high-quality chrome coatings with specified physical and mechanical properties. Therefore, electrochemical treatment before coating plays a crucial role in the formation of coatings with high contact strength and wear resistance. The study of the electrochemical treatment process will make it possible to develop recommendations for obtaining high-quality coatings when restoring vehicle parts.Materials and methods. To conduct reliable research, the necessary equipment was used, which made it possible to obtain data with the necessary accuracy. Also, modern data processing tools were used to carry out mathematical processing, which excluded the possibility of error and thereby obtain the dependences of factors with the necessary accuracy.Results. When using the developed new chromium plating electrolyte, it became necessary to conduct studies of the modes and time of electrochemical treatment before coating parts made of steels containing chromium and hardened to HRC 55-60 hardness. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the greatest adhesion strength will be when using electrochemical etching with a current density of 130-140 A/dm2 and a holding time of 60-70 s. It is also necessary to activate in the chrome plating solution itself with an anode current density of 70-80 A/dm2 and a time of 30-40 s, with a sharp switch to the chrome plating mode. Conclusions are drawn on the optimization of electrochemical surface treatment before chrome plating, in order to obtain the greatest adhesion to the substrate. Discussion and conclusion. As a result of the conducted studies of the electrochemical processing of the part before chrome plating, it was possible to obtain that when restoring parts operating under waterjet wear, it is necessary to observe the specified conditions for obtaining high-quality coatings with high adhesion strength while maintaining high physical and mechanical properties of the coating.
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Tumanov, M. A. "FREIGHT RAIL CAR FLEET: ANALYSIS OF CONDITION AND PROSPECTS." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-1-16.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The article deals with main results of the restructuring of railways in Russian Federation, analyzes dynamics of performance of rail operations under the impact of relevant factors, international (European and North American) models of organization of freight rail transportation, Russian experience, possible guidelines for enhancement of business processes referring to management of freight rail car fleet. The author’s conclusion is that holding company Russian Railways has acquired a huge regulative basis and numerous technical and technological tools to organize efficient transportation process that provides for the requirements of all the actors within the country as well as in the world transportation and logistics market. Meanwhile it is necessary to create effective technological logistics within the market of freight rail transportation provided the conditions of existence of multiple owners of rolling stock and limited infrastructure capacity of the JSC Russian Railways. Keywords: railway, freight car fleet, privatization, productivity, idle hours, empty runs, management, technology, logistics. REFERENCES 1.Lemeshko, V.G., Shapkin, I. N. Innovative technologies in rail transport (theory, practice, prospects) [Innovacionnye tehnologii na zheleznodorozhnom transporte (teorija, praktika, perspektivy)].Moscow, VINITI RAS publ., 2012, 446 p. 2.Kuzhel, A.L., Shapkin, I.N., Vdovin, A.N.A new approach to management of car flows [Novyj podhod k upravleniju vagonopotokami].Zheleznodorozhnyj transport, 2010.Iss.10, pp.74-77. 3.Organization of transport and logistics unit of Deutsche Bahn «DB Schenker» [Organizacija raboty transportno-logisticheskogo bloka nemeckih zheleznyh dorog «DB Schenker»].Access: http://www.dbschenker.com/file/ ho-en/2503506/ynZtmcj6R5x1BEexvhjfjjWbJ oM/2503548/data/td_dbs_rail.pdf.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 4.Information Guide of US Railway Administration [Informacionnyj spravochnik Administracii zheleznyh dorog SShA].Access: https://www.fra.dot.gov/Page/P0362.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 5.Report of the European Railway Agency [Otchet ERA].Access: http://www.era.europa.eu/Document- Register/Documents/ECM-guide%20V1%20-%20ERA-GUI-100.pdf.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 6.Website of freight company «CSX» USA.Access: http://www.csx.com/index.cfm/customers/intermodal/.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 7.Information about the company Russian Railways Logistics, a subsidiary development strategy [Informacija o kompanii RZhD Logistika, strategija razvitija dochernej struktury].Access: http://www.rzdlog.ru/about/ responsibility/.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 8.Information on development of transport logistics unit of JSC Russian Railways [Informacija o razvitii transportno logisticheskogo bloka kompanii OAO «RZhD»].Access: ht tp://cargo.rzd.ru/stat ic/publ ic/ru? STRUCTURE_ID=5177.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 9.Kokin, A.S., Levikov, G. A. International freight forwarding [Mezhdunarodnaja transportnaja ekspedicija].Moscow.Delo publ., 2005, 448 p. 10.Heller, Robert J.Managing change.DK Publishing Inc.N.Y., 1998, 72 p. 11.Marchenko, V. M. Theory and methodology of management of transport systems in organization of transportation of import goods in transit [Teorija i metodologija upravlenija transportnymi sistemami pri organizacii perevozok importnyh tranzitnyh gruzov].Abstract of D.Sc.(Economics) thesis.Moscow, 2006, 48 p. 12.Gershvald, A. S. Research and development of optimization of operational management of freight transportation on the railways of Russia [Issledovanie i razrabotka problemy opt imizaci i operat ivnogo upravlenija processom gruzovyh perevozok na zheleznodorozhnom transporte Rossii].D.Sc.Eng.thesis.Moscow, 2001, 520 p . 13.White Paper Innovative Rail Freight Wagon 2030.Access: https://www.schienenfzg.tu-berlin.de/ fileadmin/fg62/Dokumente/Downloads/White_Paper_ Innovative_Rail_Freight_Wagon_2030.pdf.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 14.Federal law «Charter of Railway Transport of the Russian Federation» dated 10.01.2003 № 18-FZ (ed.06.04.2015) [Federal’nyj zakon «Ustav zheleznodorozhnogo transporta Rossijskoj Federacii» ot 10.01.2003 № 18-FZ (red. ot 06.04.2015)]. 15.Sharov, V.A., Borodin, A. F.Integrated technology of scheduled control of freight trains traffic [Integrirovannaya technologiya upravelniya dvizheniem gruzovyh poezdov po raspisaniyu].Zheleznodorozhnyi transport, 2010, Iss.8, pp.11-12. 16.Avetikyan, M. A.System of train traffic control in restructuring environment [Systema upravlenija dvizheniem poezdov v usloviyah strukturnyh preobrazovanij].Zheleznodorozhnyj transport, 2010, Iss.9, pp.8-16.
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Flor, Daniel, Danilo Pena, Luan Pena, Vicente A. de Sousa, and Allan Martins. "Characterization of Noise Level Inside a Vehicle under Different Conditions." Sensors 20, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 2471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092471.
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Vehicular acoustic noise evaluations are a concern of researchers due to health and comfort effects on humans and are fundamental for anyone interested in mitigating audio noise. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the noise level inside a vehicle by using statistical tools. First, an experimental setup was developed with microphones and a microcomputer located strategically on the car’s panel, and measurements were carried out with different conditions such as car window position, rain, traffic, and car speed. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the similarity of the noise level from those conditions. Thus, we were able to discuss the relevance of the variables that contribute to the noise level inside a car. Finally, our results revealed that the car speed is strongly correlated to interior noise levels, suggesting the most relevant noise sources are in the vehicle itself.
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Zhang, Yu Lin. "Sliding Mode Control for Magneto-Rheological Vehicle Suspension Accounting for its Nonlinearity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1072–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1072.
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The non-linear characteristics of magneto-rheological (MR) suspension systems have limited control performance of modern control theory based on linear feedback control. In this paper, a four DOF half car suspension model with two nonlinear MR dampers is adopted. In order to account for the nonlinearity, a sliding mode controller, which has inherent robustness against system nonlinearity, is formulated to improve comfort and road holding of the car under industrial specifications and it is fit to semi-active suspensions. The numerical result shows that the semi-active suspension using the sliding mode controller can achieve better ride comfort than the passive and also improve stability.
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Gnatov, Andrey, and Schasyana Argun. "New Method of Car Body Panel External Straightening: Tools of Method." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2015 (July 26, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/192958.
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Recently repair and recovery vehicle body operations become more and more popular. A special place here is taken by equipment that provides performance of given repair operations. The most interesting things are methods for recovery of car body panels that allow the straightening without disassembling of car body panels and damaging of existing protective coating. Now, there are several technologies for repair and recovery of car body panels without their disassembly and dismantling. The most perspective is magnetic-pulse technology of external noncontact straightening. Basics of magnetic-pulse attraction, both ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic thin-walled sheet metal, are explored. Inductor system calculation models of magnetic-pulse straightening tools are presented. Final analytical expressions for excited efforts calculation in the tools under consideration are introduced. According to the obtained analytical expressions, numerical evaluations of excited forces were executed. The volumetric epures of the attractive force radial distributions for different types of inductors were built. The practical testing of magnetic-pulse straightening with research tools is given. Using the results of the calculations we can create effective tools for an external magnetic-pulse straightening of car body panels.
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Woo, Seunghoon, and Donghoon Shin. "A Double Sky-Hook Algorithm for Improving Road-Holding Property in Semi-Active Suspension Systems for Application to In-Wheel Motor." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 8912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198912.
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This paper presents a double sky-hook algorithm for controlling semi-active suspension systems in order to improve road-holding property for application in an in-wheel motor. The main disadvantage of the in-wheel motor is the increase in unsprung masses, which increases after shaking of the wheel, so it has poor road-holding that the conventional theoretical sky-hook algorithm cannot achieve. The double sky-hook algorithm uses a combination of damper coefficients, one from the chassis motion and the other from the wheel motion. Computer simulations using a quarter and full car dynamic models with the road conditions specified by ISO2631 showed the effectiveness of the algorithm. It was observed that the algorithm was the most effective in the vicinity of the wheel hop frequency. This paper also proposed the parameter set of the double sky-hook algorithm to differentiate the driving mode of vehicles under advanced development.
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Malovetskaya, Ekaterina V., and Roman S. Bolshakov. "FEATURES OF TIME SERIES USING FOR ESTIMATION OF FLUCTUATIONS OF CAR TRAFFIC VOLUMES AT THE RAILWAY DIVISION POINTS." T-Comm 15, no. 1 (2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2021-15-1-35-40.
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The study of intra-annual dynamics of car traffic volumes, handed over at the railway division points of the Russian Federation is an essential part of the long-range prediction, planning and analysis of transport activity. The increase in the regularity of pace of the production process is directly related to the assessment of the unevenness of car traffic volumes. The ability to predict the unevenness of the transport process, as well as uneven loading with the establishment of relevant indicators is a key issue in the regularity of pace of transport operation. The presented article analyzes the structure of time series of fluctuations in car traffic volumes at the railway division points in order to further build a model for predicting fluctuations in car traffic volumes and, in the future, loading cargo to the ports of the Far East. This methodology is based on the analysis of the structure of time series of fluctuations in car traffic volumes handed over at the railway division points and moving further towards seaports with the subsequent construction of a mathematical model of cargo loading, on the basis of which it will subsequently be possible to predict the loading for the coming year. The presented work considers an analysis of the structure of time series of fluctuations in car traffic volumes and proposes models for the subsequent construction of a prediction. It also applies a systemic approach to solving the problem of predicting the car traffic volume. The proposed tools make it possible to develop prediction models to assess the seasonal unevenness of cargo loading in the direction of seaports. All this will contribute to the improvement of logistics planning of transportation and will give a further impetus to the development of the industry. The whole range of activities consists in the possibility of constructing predictive models for the production unit of the Russian Railways holding. In addition, it will be possible to update the structure of the network’s operational indicators.
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Pyshniy, Igor M., and Anastasia A. Kozlova. "Analysis of technical tools for diagnostics of motor-car rolling stock under “single-person” train operation." Innotrans, no. 4 (2021): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2311-164x-2021-4-52-56.
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The article covers the safety challenges of motor car rolling stock (MCRS). The indicators of traffic safety violations on the Sverdlovsk Railway sections for 2020 are analysed, and their comparison with the indicators for 2019 is made. The analysis was carried out for each cause of the violation separately: failures, technological violations and transport accidents. The devices for ensuring traffic safety and the peculiar features of operation of the “Barrier” hardware and software complex installed on the MCRS are reviewed.
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Zhang, Zhe. "Relevance of Marketing Strategies for Gas Stations in China – An Analysis Using SPSS." Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 4, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i6.2830.
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This study aims to find out the relevance of marketing strategies for gas stations in China. According to IBISWorld, the companies holding the largest market shares in China’s gas station industry include China Petrochemical Corporation, China National Petroleum Corporation, Sinochem Corporation, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, and BP (China) Holdings Limited. Marketing has changed over the past several years. Similarly, gas station marketing is all about more customers, greater sales, and higher profits. Technology provides many different marketing tools to see more fresh faces at the door, increase repeat sales, and improve profits. Word-of-mouth advertising should be encouraged, especially when contests are being held. The prizes from these contests may include car essentials, free coffee, free car wash, or coupons to be used at convenience stores. Customers who have won these contests would surely go around advertising the particular gas station, ultimately bringing in more customers. Other than that, managers can boost the sales volume through radio promotions as well. This study also aims to give future businessmen and women some ideas on how to deal with different kinds of strategies when it comes to marketing, especially in China in hope to cater and prove to the people of China the possibility of promoting businesses, such as the oil industry.
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Sentizungla, Sentizungla, Jahanara Jahanara, and Dipak Kumar Bose. "Agri-Entrepreneural Behaviour of King Chilli Growers Under Dimapur District, Nagaland." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 10 (October 30, 2021): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i10.017.
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The present study was conducted with the objective to find out the socio economic profile, agri-entrepreneural behaviour and attitude of king chilli growers in Dimapur district of Nagaland and find out the constraints faced by the respondents and to obtain their suggestions. A total of one hundred twenty farmers were selected from 4 villages using proportionate random sampling procedure. Data was collected by using interview method using pre-structure D interview schedule and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The study revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to middle aged group, had medium level of annual income with medium size of land holding. Majority of them had medium year of farming experience and medium level of extension contact. On analyzing the entrepreneural behaviour level, highest number of respondents i.e. 65.83% were having medium level of entrepreneural behaviour followed by 25 % having high and 9.16% having low levels. In respect of correlation analysis between entrepreneural behaviour level and socio- economic profile of respondents it shows that annual income, extension contact, mass media exposure and social contact are positively significant. Whereas, age, education, family type, family size, type of house, land holding, and farming experience are non-significant. In respect of the correlation analysis, the annual income, extension contact, mass media exposure and social contact were positively significant at 0.05 % level related to attitude of the people whereas age, education, family type, family size, type of house, land holding, and farming experience were found to be non-significantly related to attitude of the respondents towards king chilli production respectively.
Books on the topic "Holding tools under car"
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Houran, Lori Haskings. Flat Stanley and the Firehouse: I Can Read Lev. 2: Turtleback Schl & Lib. Binding Ed. 2nd ed. New York, USA: Scholastic, Inc., 2011.
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Flat Stanley and the Firehouse I Can Read Books Level 2 Hardcover. HarperCollins, 2011.
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Brown, Jeff. Flat Stanley And The Firehouse (Turtleback School & Library Binding Edition) (I Can Read: Level 2). Turtleback, 2011.
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Mitchell, Jon, Jeff Brown, and Lori Haskins Houran. Fire Station. Egmont Books, Limited, 2017.
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Brown, Jeff, and Lori Haskins Houran. Flat Stanley and the Firehouse. HarperCollins Publishers, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Holding tools under car"
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Childress, Clayton. "Reading Life into Novels." In Under the Cover. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691160382.003.0009.
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This chapter examines how readers read their lives into Jarrettsville as the novel transitioned from the field of production to the field of reception. To read one's life into a novel means to make sense of it using the tools that one possesses. For different readers the same novel can effectively be different novels. Some readers, for example, loved Jarrettsville whereas others did not. For some, it was about love and loss; for others, it was about fear and violence. The chapter first analyzes Cornelia Nixon's intentions for Jarrettsville before discussing readers' interpretations of the novel. In particular, it explores how the character of Richard Cairnes was seen by book groups. It shows that Southern book groups most often held the complex interpretation of both holding Richard responsible for the outcome of the story while also being sympathetic to him as a character.
Conference papers on the topic "Holding tools under car"
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Suzuki, Keisuke, Tatsuya Nakasaki, Hidetaka Nakashima, Panart Kajornrunruan, Misaki Onomata, Yushi Kinoshita, Ruizhe Zhang, and Edmund Soji Otabe. "Study on Polishing Method Using Double Magnet System by Superconductive Assisted Machining Method." In JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8553.
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Abstract Superconductive Assisted Machining Method (SUAM) has been studied for polishing methods inside the hollow structure such as SUS tube. Levitation tool with Nd permanent magnet in the SUAM system is trapped by magnetic flux pinning effect into the superconductor bulk mounted in the liquid nitrogen box. In this case, initial displacement of the levitation tool can be adjusted until 12mm during cooling process under magnetic field. Movement of the superconductor bulk controls the applied force and rotation speed of the levitation tool. In previous research, we demonstrated that the SUAM could be applied lapping and polishing process on concave and flat shapes of the resin, aluminum and SUS materials. In present study, we develop the double magnet system that Nd permanent magnet fixed under the superconductor to increase holding force of the levitation tools. As results, holding force and levitation amount of the double magnet system increase against the conventional single magnet system. We also evaluate dominant parameters such as the placement of the superconductors and magnet flux density distribution from double permanent magnets on the holding force and levitation amount. In this case, the holding force and floating amount is calculated by JMAG using Finite Element Method to compare with the experimental results.
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Matsumura, Takeko, and Y. Kanematsu. "DO A SCIENCE EXPERIMENT FOR FUTURE SCIENTISTS." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9895.
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It has been realized that various chemical reactions are accelerated under irradiation of MW. Such Microwave chemistry is known as time-saving, clear and eco-friendly. MW ovens are world-wide domestic tools for cooking which can serve meals quickly. Regardless of its convenience, few understand the essential mechanism of MW ovens. For better understanding of MW chemistry, authors think it is necessary for to introduce elementary knowledge by holding a 1-day program of experiments by using microwave (MW) ovens.“Science with microwave oven”, 1-day program which we developed and named “Hirameki Tokimeki Science” was supported by Japan Society for the promotion of Science, has been performed over four years.More than 100 students of elementary and junior-high school have joined the program.Here we report the program, response from students.Program of experiments: “1: Dyeing handkerchief with onion peer (*1), 2: Cooking of pizza quickly yeast-leavened, 3: Preparation of shining slime with fluorescein dye synthesized in nonsolvent reaction. 4. Plasma in MW oven (*2), etc.”Students realized how MW accelerated chemical reactions and that dyeing under MW was faster and more fixed compared with the conventional methods. Besides, they could enjoy lunch with pizza and dealing with the slime, both they made. They had a good time with a bit of scientific knowledge. Through 1-day program, we can make science more familiar with students, and it will cause young students to become more interested in science, lead them to future research workers.In addition to the “Hirameki Tokimeki (Inspiration and Spark) Program, we have doneVolunteer activities at Ishinomaki, one of the most damaged cities at the Higashi Nihon Big Earthquake, in 2011.“Science with microwave oven” program surely gives students mysterious interest anddream for Science. That is “Inspire and Spark!” (*1) (*2)
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Flory, Michael, Joel Hiltner, and Clay Hardenburger. "Model-Based Calibration of a Biogas Engine Control System." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81049.
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Pipeline natural gas composition is monitored and controlled in order to deliver high quality, relatively consistent gas quality in terms of heating value and detonation characteristics to end users. The consistency of this fuel means gas-fired engines designed for electrical power generation (EPG) applications can be highly optimized. As new sources of high quality natural gas are found, the demand for these engines is growing. At the same time there is also an increasing need for EPG engines that can handle fuels that have wide swings in composition over a relatively short period of time. The application presented in this paper is an engine paired with an anaerobic digester that accepts an unpredictable and varying feedstock. As is typical in biogas applications, there are exhaust stream contaminants that preclude the use of an oxygen or NOx sensor for emissions feedback control. The difficulty with such a scenario is the ability to hold a given exhaust gas emission level as the fuel composition varies. One challenge is the design of the combustion system hardware. This design effort includes the proper selection of compression ratio, valve events, ignition timing, turbomachinery, etc. Often times simulation tools, such as a crank-angle resolved engine model, are used in the development of such systems in order to predict performance and reduce development time and hardware testing. The second challenge is the control system and how to implement a robust control capable of optimizing engine performance while maintaining emissions compliance. Currently there are limited options for an OEM control system capable of dealing with fuels that have wide swings in composition. Often times the solution for the engine packager is to adopt an aftermarket control system and apply this in place of the control system delivered on the engine. The disadvantage to this approach is that the aftermarket controller is not calibrated and so the packager is faced with the task of developing an entire engine calibration at a customer site. The controller must function well enough that it will run reliably during plant start-up and then eventually prove capable of holding emissions under typical operating conditions. This paper will describe the novel use of a crank-angle resolved four-stroke engine cycle model to develop an initial set of calibration values for an aftermarket control system. The paper will describe the plant operation, implementation of the aftermarket controller, the model-based calibration methodology and the commissioning of the engine.
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Dye, John, Nathan BuchMueller, and Hamid Lankarani. "Semi-Active Suspension Suboptimal Control Using Dynamic Programming of a Quarter Car Suspension System." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60446.
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Many modern vehicle control systems utilize automatic braking and torque control to enhance driver inputs for improved stability and deceleration performance of passenger cars. A semi-active suspension approach may allow changes to the suspension characteristics under various conditions or driver inputs during vehicle operation. Suspensions are increasingly using semi active components to enhance handling characteristics by electronically adjusting vehicle dynamics. The active style of adjustment includes modifying suspension parameters directly such as electronic damping rates. The type of controller is important to react or adjust dynamically to the nonlinear nature of suspension systems. An optimal controller is introduced in attempt to improve ride comfort or road handling capability by manipulating the damping coefficient for a given trajectory. A suboptimal approach is given by utilizing a type of receding horizon control. The cost function, as used by Savaresi, contains a bias parameter to shift focus between road holding and passenger comfort. A dynamic quarter car suspension model is presented for simulation of nonlinear vehicle dynamics. During simulation at a given time step, various control inputs are simulated for finite steps into the future. The control input that minimizes the cost function is selected and the simulation time is allowed to advance with that input. The model is simulated using parameters for a typical passenger car and a 100 millisecond update rate from the suboptimal controller. A road profile with a bump is simulated and its transients are analyzed. The suboptimal controller is compared to its purely mechanical realization with a fixed damping coefficient. It is shown when manipulating the cost function ride comfort is desired chassis accelerations are minimized and when maximum road holding is desired tire deflection is minimized.
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Bolot, R., D. Klein, and C. Coddet. "Design of a Nozzle Extension for Thermal Spray Under Very Low Pressure Conditions." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0574.
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Abstract Conventional equipments used for low pressure plasma spraying are designed for a chamber pressure of a few tens of mbar. During the past three years, an increasing interest for thermal spray under very low pressure conditions (as low as 1 mbar) was encountered but no significant advances concerning the spray gun design was proposed. However, it is clear that actual tools do not allow providing uniform plasma jets and that the produced jets present successive expansions and constrictions due to a poor adaptation of the nozzle exit pressure regarding to the chamber one. In the present paper, the use of a nozzle extension is proposed. The holding nozzle is a lengthened F4 type one and the diverging part of the nozzle is formed by a fastened external extension. The design of the nozzle extension is a bell-contoured Laval type one and its dimensions (exit diameter and length) are much higher than for conventional diverging nozzles. An improvement in the jet homogeneity and uniformity is expected.
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Castillo Garcia, Pablo, Regis Wallerand, and Dinh Hong Doan. "Effect of Seabed Trenching on Holding Capacity of Suction Anchors in Deepwater Gulf of Guinea Clays: A Numerical Study." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96096.
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Abstract In recent years, there has been an increasing issue of seabed trenches developing around mooring lines attached to suction anchors in West Africa, likely related to relatively large motions of the mooring lines. These trenches are recognised by means of numerical modelling and of centrifuge testing program as significant concern to the in-place holding capacity, the integrity of the anchor and the safety of the floating facility. Conservative trench geometries and complete absence of soil and of soil resistance in front of the anchor above the padeye depth (in the loading direction) were essential assumptions due to lack of observation. Results suggested that a reduction in holding capacity of 20% to 40% for typical mooring line load angles of 30° to 45° can be expected and that the presence of the trench does not affect the portion of holding capacity developed by passive suction at the pile tip. Nevertheless, recent survey data has evidenced a wedge of soil remaining within trenches in front of suction anchors leading to a new problem-solving approach. Consequently, this paper describes a Plaxis 3D Finite Element modelling in a parametric study as a reliable tool for the assessment of the holding capacity of the suction anchors in presence of seabed trench taking into account the presence of residual soil within the trench in front of the anchor pile. Analyses were performed under 30° inclined loading (actual case of taut deep water mooring systems) with various scenarios of trench shapes, padeye depths and anchor geometries in very soft highly plastic Gulf of Guinea clays. Thus, the consideration of the residual wedge of soil in front of the anchor leads to a much less reduction in holding capacity compared to initial studies done with too pessimistic assumptions on the final trench shape. In addition, this study aims at looking at changes in the pile geometry, including the position of the attachment point, to compensate the unavoidable formation of a trench for taut moorings.
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Balike, Krishna Prasad, Subhash Rakheja, and Ion Stiharu. "A Comprehensive Quarter-Car Model for Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis of a Suspension." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11621.
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The conflicting dynamic performances of a vehicle such as ride quality, road holding and rattle space requirements have been widely studied using either linear or nonlinear two DOF quarter-car models. Such models, however, cannot account for contributions due to suspension kinematics and joint compliances. Considering the proven simplicity and effectiveness of a quarter-car model for such analyses, this paper discusses a comprehensive quarter-car dynamic model to study the influences of the linkage geometry and flexible joint bushings on selected performance measures. An in-plane two-DOF model was formulated for a double wishbone suspension comprising an upper control arm, a lower control arm, and a strut mounted on the lower control arm. The dynamic responses of the model were evaluated under harmonic and idealized rounded-pulse displacement excitations. The responses of the proposed model with free and flexible joint conditions were compared with those of the conventional quarter-car model to illustrate the contributions due to suspension kinematics and joint bushings. Owing to the asymmetric kinematic behavior of the suspension system, the dynamic responses of the comprehensive model were also observed to be asymmetric about the equilibrium. The responses of the model with flexible joint bushings revealed approximately 5% variations from that of the model with free joints. Furthermore, the upper control arm bushings have exhibited more significant influence on the dynamic responses than that of the lower control arm bushings.
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Lee, Ho-Hoon. "A Leader-Following Formation Control of a Group of Car-Like Mobile Robots." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66040.
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This paper proposes a leader-following formation control strategy for a group of car-like mobile robots. The leader follows its desired trajectory while the rest of robots are following the leader in a specified formation. The proposed formation control computes desired driving force and steering torque for each robot. The proposed control consists of a formation control scheme and a kinematic trajectory generation scheme for the leader of a group. The nonholonomic constraints of the car-like mobile robots are taken into account in the design of the formation control and trajectory generation scheme, in which the Lyapunov stability theorem and the loop shaping method are used as design tools. Under certain conditions, the proposed formation control guarantees asymptotic stability while keeping all internal signals bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed control has been shown with realistic computer simulations.
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Balike, Krishna Prasad, Subhash Rakheja, and Ion Stiharu. "Optimization of Asymmetric Damper Parameters of an Automotive Suspension for Minimal Camber Angle Variations." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28375.
Full textAbstract:
Asymmetric dampers invariably employed in automotive suspensions are known to cause ‘damper jacking’. The influence of the damper jacking on the suspension kinematic responses, particularly variations in the camber angle, are generally ignored while synthesizing a damper. This study presents influences of damper asymmetry on the camber angle variations of a double wishbone type of suspension together with the dynamic responses under measured urban road inputs. Simulation studies employing a kineto-dynamic quarter-car model comprising a bilinear damper revealed increase in the camber angle variations with an increase in the damper asymmetry, while this increment showed nonlinear relation with the suspension deflection. This study further investigates synthesis of an optimal two-stage asymmetric damper to yield a compromise between the conflicting performance measures. A composite performance index comprising the ride comfort and road holding measures with limit constraint on camber angle variation is formulated to seek optimal damper parameters. The results are presented so as to yield design guidance for synthesis of asymmetric dampers.
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Jeong, David Y., Benjamin Perlman, Karl Alexy, and Francisco González. "On Railroad Tank Car Puncture Performance: Part I — Considering Metrics." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5712.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is the first in a two-part series on the puncture performance of railroad tank cars carrying hazardous materials in the event of an accident. Various metrics are often mentioned in the open literature to characterize the structural performance of tank cars under accident loading conditions. One of the consequences in terms of structural damage to the tank during accidents is puncture. This two-part series of papers focuses on four metrics to quantify the performance of tank cars against the threat of puncture: (1) speed, (2) force, (3) energy, and (4) conditional probability of release. In this paper (Part I), generalized tank car impact scenarios are illustrated. Particular focus is given to the generalized shell impact scenario because performance-based requirements for shell puncture resistance are being considered by the regulatory agencies in United States and Canada. Definitions for the four performance metrics are given. Physical and mathematical relationships among these metrics are outlined. Strengths and limitations of these performance metrics are discussed. In Part II, the multi-disciplinary approach to develop engineering tools to estimate the performance metrics will be described. The complementary connection between testing and modeling will be emphasized. Puncture performance metrics, which were estimated from other sources, will be compared for different tank car designs. These comparisons will be presented to interpret the metrics from a probabilistic point of view. In addition, sensitivity of the metrics to the operational and design factors will be examined qualitatively.