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Journal articles on the topic 'Holding tools under car'
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Kotomchin, A. N. "Effect of electrochemical treatment on substrate adhesion strength in the restoration of motor vehicle parts operating under hydroabrasive wear." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 19, no. 4 (September 15, 2022): 546–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2022-19-4-546-559.
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Introduction. In the process of chrome plating of car parts, it is necessary to obtain high-quality chrome coatings with specified physical and mechanical properties. Therefore, electrochemical treatment before coating plays a crucial role in the formation of coatings with high contact strength and wear resistance. The study of the electrochemical treatment process will make it possible to develop recommendations for obtaining high-quality coatings when restoring vehicle parts.Materials and methods. To conduct reliable research, the necessary equipment was used, which made it possible to obtain data with the necessary accuracy. Also, modern data processing tools were used to carry out mathematical processing, which excluded the possibility of error and thereby obtain the dependences of factors with the necessary accuracy.Results. When using the developed new chromium plating electrolyte, it became necessary to conduct studies of the modes and time of electrochemical treatment before coating parts made of steels containing chromium and hardened to HRC 55-60 hardness. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the greatest adhesion strength will be when using electrochemical etching with a current density of 130-140 A/dm2 and a holding time of 60-70 s. It is also necessary to activate in the chrome plating solution itself with an anode current density of 70-80 A/dm2 and a time of 30-40 s, with a sharp switch to the chrome plating mode. Conclusions are drawn on the optimization of electrochemical surface treatment before chrome plating, in order to obtain the greatest adhesion to the substrate. Discussion and conclusion. As a result of the conducted studies of the electrochemical processing of the part before chrome plating, it was possible to obtain that when restoring parts operating under waterjet wear, it is necessary to observe the specified conditions for obtaining high-quality coatings with high adhesion strength while maintaining high physical and mechanical properties of the coating.
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Tumanov, M. A. "FREIGHT RAIL CAR FLEET: ANALYSIS OF CONDITION AND PROSPECTS." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-1-16.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The article deals with main results of the restructuring of railways in Russian Federation, analyzes dynamics of performance of rail operations under the impact of relevant factors, international (European and North American) models of organization of freight rail transportation, Russian experience, possible guidelines for enhancement of business processes referring to management of freight rail car fleet. The author’s conclusion is that holding company Russian Railways has acquired a huge regulative basis and numerous technical and technological tools to organize efficient transportation process that provides for the requirements of all the actors within the country as well as in the world transportation and logistics market. Meanwhile it is necessary to create effective technological logistics within the market of freight rail transportation provided the conditions of existence of multiple owners of rolling stock and limited infrastructure capacity of the JSC Russian Railways. Keywords: railway, freight car fleet, privatization, productivity, idle hours, empty runs, management, technology, logistics. REFERENCES 1.Lemeshko, V.G., Shapkin, I. N. Innovative technologies in rail transport (theory, practice, prospects) [Innovacionnye tehnologii na zheleznodorozhnom transporte (teorija, praktika, perspektivy)].Moscow, VINITI RAS publ., 2012, 446 p. 2.Kuzhel, A.L., Shapkin, I.N., Vdovin, A.N.A new approach to management of car flows [Novyj podhod k upravleniju vagonopotokami].Zheleznodorozhnyj transport, 2010.Iss.10, pp.74-77. 3.Organization of transport and logistics unit of Deutsche Bahn «DB Schenker» [Organizacija raboty transportno-logisticheskogo bloka nemeckih zheleznyh dorog «DB Schenker»].Access: http://www.dbschenker.com/file/ ho-en/2503506/ynZtmcj6R5x1BEexvhjfjjWbJ oM/2503548/data/td_dbs_rail.pdf.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 4.Information Guide of US Railway Administration [Informacionnyj spravochnik Administracii zheleznyh dorog SShA].Access: https://www.fra.dot.gov/Page/P0362.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 5.Report of the European Railway Agency [Otchet ERA].Access: http://www.era.europa.eu/Document- Register/Documents/ECM-guide%20V1%20-%20ERA-GUI-100.pdf.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 6.Website of freight company «CSX» USA.Access: http://www.csx.com/index.cfm/customers/intermodal/.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 7.Information about the company Russian Railways Logistics, a subsidiary development strategy [Informacija o kompanii RZhD Logistika, strategija razvitija dochernej struktury].Access: http://www.rzdlog.ru/about/ responsibility/.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 8.Information on development of transport logistics unit of JSC Russian Railways [Informacija o razvitii transportno logisticheskogo bloka kompanii OAO «RZhD»].Access: ht tp://cargo.rzd.ru/stat ic/publ ic/ru? STRUCTURE_ID=5177.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 9.Kokin, A.S., Levikov, G. A. International freight forwarding [Mezhdunarodnaja transportnaja ekspedicija].Moscow.Delo publ., 2005, 448 p. 10.Heller, Robert J.Managing change.DK Publishing Inc.N.Y., 1998, 72 p. 11.Marchenko, V. M. Theory and methodology of management of transport systems in organization of transportation of import goods in transit [Teorija i metodologija upravlenija transportnymi sistemami pri organizacii perevozok importnyh tranzitnyh gruzov].Abstract of D.Sc.(Economics) thesis.Moscow, 2006, 48 p. 12.Gershvald, A. S. Research and development of optimization of operational management of freight transportation on the railways of Russia [Issledovanie i razrabotka problemy opt imizaci i operat ivnogo upravlenija processom gruzovyh perevozok na zheleznodorozhnom transporte Rossii].D.Sc.Eng.thesis.Moscow, 2001, 520 p . 13.White Paper Innovative Rail Freight Wagon 2030.Access: https://www.schienenfzg.tu-berlin.de/ fileadmin/fg62/Dokumente/Downloads/White_Paper_ Innovative_Rail_Freight_Wagon_2030.pdf.Last accessed 16.07.2015. 14.Federal law «Charter of Railway Transport of the Russian Federation» dated 10.01.2003 № 18-FZ (ed.06.04.2015) [Federal’nyj zakon «Ustav zheleznodorozhnogo transporta Rossijskoj Federacii» ot 10.01.2003 № 18-FZ (red. ot 06.04.2015)]. 15.Sharov, V.A., Borodin, A. F.Integrated technology of scheduled control of freight trains traffic [Integrirovannaya technologiya upravelniya dvizheniem gruzovyh poezdov po raspisaniyu].Zheleznodorozhnyi transport, 2010, Iss.8, pp.11-12. 16.Avetikyan, M. A.System of train traffic control in restructuring environment [Systema upravlenija dvizheniem poezdov v usloviyah strukturnyh preobrazovanij].Zheleznodorozhnyj transport, 2010, Iss.9, pp.8-16.
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Flor, Daniel, Danilo Pena, Luan Pena, Vicente A. de Sousa, and Allan Martins. "Characterization of Noise Level Inside a Vehicle under Different Conditions." Sensors 20, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 2471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092471.
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Vehicular acoustic noise evaluations are a concern of researchers due to health and comfort effects on humans and are fundamental for anyone interested in mitigating audio noise. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the noise level inside a vehicle by using statistical tools. First, an experimental setup was developed with microphones and a microcomputer located strategically on the car’s panel, and measurements were carried out with different conditions such as car window position, rain, traffic, and car speed. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the similarity of the noise level from those conditions. Thus, we were able to discuss the relevance of the variables that contribute to the noise level inside a car. Finally, our results revealed that the car speed is strongly correlated to interior noise levels, suggesting the most relevant noise sources are in the vehicle itself.
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Zhang, Yu Lin. "Sliding Mode Control for Magneto-Rheological Vehicle Suspension Accounting for its Nonlinearity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1072–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1072.
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The non-linear characteristics of magneto-rheological (MR) suspension systems have limited control performance of modern control theory based on linear feedback control. In this paper, a four DOF half car suspension model with two nonlinear MR dampers is adopted. In order to account for the nonlinearity, a sliding mode controller, which has inherent robustness against system nonlinearity, is formulated to improve comfort and road holding of the car under industrial specifications and it is fit to semi-active suspensions. The numerical result shows that the semi-active suspension using the sliding mode controller can achieve better ride comfort than the passive and also improve stability.
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Gnatov, Andrey, and Schasyana Argun. "New Method of Car Body Panel External Straightening: Tools of Method." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2015 (July 26, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/192958.
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Recently repair and recovery vehicle body operations become more and more popular. A special place here is taken by equipment that provides performance of given repair operations. The most interesting things are methods for recovery of car body panels that allow the straightening without disassembling of car body panels and damaging of existing protective coating. Now, there are several technologies for repair and recovery of car body panels without their disassembly and dismantling. The most perspective is magnetic-pulse technology of external noncontact straightening. Basics of magnetic-pulse attraction, both ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic thin-walled sheet metal, are explored. Inductor system calculation models of magnetic-pulse straightening tools are presented. Final analytical expressions for excited efforts calculation in the tools under consideration are introduced. According to the obtained analytical expressions, numerical evaluations of excited forces were executed. The volumetric epures of the attractive force radial distributions for different types of inductors were built. The practical testing of magnetic-pulse straightening with research tools is given. Using the results of the calculations we can create effective tools for an external magnetic-pulse straightening of car body panels.
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Woo, Seunghoon, and Donghoon Shin. "A Double Sky-Hook Algorithm for Improving Road-Holding Property in Semi-Active Suspension Systems for Application to In-Wheel Motor." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 8912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198912.
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This paper presents a double sky-hook algorithm for controlling semi-active suspension systems in order to improve road-holding property for application in an in-wheel motor. The main disadvantage of the in-wheel motor is the increase in unsprung masses, which increases after shaking of the wheel, so it has poor road-holding that the conventional theoretical sky-hook algorithm cannot achieve. The double sky-hook algorithm uses a combination of damper coefficients, one from the chassis motion and the other from the wheel motion. Computer simulations using a quarter and full car dynamic models with the road conditions specified by ISO2631 showed the effectiveness of the algorithm. It was observed that the algorithm was the most effective in the vicinity of the wheel hop frequency. This paper also proposed the parameter set of the double sky-hook algorithm to differentiate the driving mode of vehicles under advanced development.
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Malovetskaya, Ekaterina V., and Roman S. Bolshakov. "FEATURES OF TIME SERIES USING FOR ESTIMATION OF FLUCTUATIONS OF CAR TRAFFIC VOLUMES AT THE RAILWAY DIVISION POINTS." T-Comm 15, no. 1 (2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2021-15-1-35-40.
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The study of intra-annual dynamics of car traffic volumes, handed over at the railway division points of the Russian Federation is an essential part of the long-range prediction, planning and analysis of transport activity. The increase in the regularity of pace of the production process is directly related to the assessment of the unevenness of car traffic volumes. The ability to predict the unevenness of the transport process, as well as uneven loading with the establishment of relevant indicators is a key issue in the regularity of pace of transport operation. The presented article analyzes the structure of time series of fluctuations in car traffic volumes at the railway division points in order to further build a model for predicting fluctuations in car traffic volumes and, in the future, loading cargo to the ports of the Far East. This methodology is based on the analysis of the structure of time series of fluctuations in car traffic volumes handed over at the railway division points and moving further towards seaports with the subsequent construction of a mathematical model of cargo loading, on the basis of which it will subsequently be possible to predict the loading for the coming year. The presented work considers an analysis of the structure of time series of fluctuations in car traffic volumes and proposes models for the subsequent construction of a prediction. It also applies a systemic approach to solving the problem of predicting the car traffic volume. The proposed tools make it possible to develop prediction models to assess the seasonal unevenness of cargo loading in the direction of seaports. All this will contribute to the improvement of logistics planning of transportation and will give a further impetus to the development of the industry. The whole range of activities consists in the possibility of constructing predictive models for the production unit of the Russian Railways holding. In addition, it will be possible to update the structure of the network’s operational indicators.
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Pyshniy, Igor M., and Anastasia A. Kozlova. "Analysis of technical tools for diagnostics of motor-car rolling stock under “single-person” train operation." Innotrans, no. 4 (2021): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2311-164x-2021-4-52-56.
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The article covers the safety challenges of motor car rolling stock (MCRS). The indicators of traffic safety violations on the Sverdlovsk Railway sections for 2020 are analysed, and their comparison with the indicators for 2019 is made. The analysis was carried out for each cause of the violation separately: failures, technological violations and transport accidents. The devices for ensuring traffic safety and the peculiar features of operation of the “Barrier” hardware and software complex installed on the MCRS are reviewed.
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Zhang, Zhe. "Relevance of Marketing Strategies for Gas Stations in China – An Analysis Using SPSS." Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 4, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i6.2830.
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This study aims to find out the relevance of marketing strategies for gas stations in China. According to IBISWorld, the companies holding the largest market shares in China’s gas station industry include China Petrochemical Corporation, China National Petroleum Corporation, Sinochem Corporation, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, and BP (China) Holdings Limited. Marketing has changed over the past several years. Similarly, gas station marketing is all about more customers, greater sales, and higher profits. Technology provides many different marketing tools to see more fresh faces at the door, increase repeat sales, and improve profits. Word-of-mouth advertising should be encouraged, especially when contests are being held. The prizes from these contests may include car essentials, free coffee, free car wash, or coupons to be used at convenience stores. Customers who have won these contests would surely go around advertising the particular gas station, ultimately bringing in more customers. Other than that, managers can boost the sales volume through radio promotions as well. This study also aims to give future businessmen and women some ideas on how to deal with different kinds of strategies when it comes to marketing, especially in China in hope to cater and prove to the people of China the possibility of promoting businesses, such as the oil industry.
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Sentizungla, Sentizungla, Jahanara Jahanara, and Dipak Kumar Bose. "Agri-Entrepreneural Behaviour of King Chilli Growers Under Dimapur District, Nagaland." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 10 (October 30, 2021): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i10.017.
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The present study was conducted with the objective to find out the socio economic profile, agri-entrepreneural behaviour and attitude of king chilli growers in Dimapur district of Nagaland and find out the constraints faced by the respondents and to obtain their suggestions. A total of one hundred twenty farmers were selected from 4 villages using proportionate random sampling procedure. Data was collected by using interview method using pre-structure D interview schedule and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The study revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to middle aged group, had medium level of annual income with medium size of land holding. Majority of them had medium year of farming experience and medium level of extension contact. On analyzing the entrepreneural behaviour level, highest number of respondents i.e. 65.83% were having medium level of entrepreneural behaviour followed by 25 % having high and 9.16% having low levels. In respect of correlation analysis between entrepreneural behaviour level and socio- economic profile of respondents it shows that annual income, extension contact, mass media exposure and social contact are positively significant. Whereas, age, education, family type, family size, type of house, land holding, and farming experience are non-significant. In respect of the correlation analysis, the annual income, extension contact, mass media exposure and social contact were positively significant at 0.05 % level related to attitude of the people whereas age, education, family type, family size, type of house, land holding, and farming experience were found to be non-significantly related to attitude of the respondents towards king chilli production respectively.
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Harkati, Rafik, Syed Musa Alhabshi, and Salina Kassim. "Does capital adequacy ratio influence risk-taking behaviour of conventional and Islamic banks differently? Empirical evidence from dual banking system of Malaysia." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 1989–2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-11-2019-0212.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of capital adequacy ratio (CAR) prescribed in Basel III on the risk-taking behaviour of Islamic and conventional commercial banks in Malaysia. It also investigates the claim that the risk-taking behaviour of Islamic banks (IBs) and conventional banks (CBs) managers is identically influenced by CAR. Design/methodology/approach Secondary data for all CBs operating in the Malaysian banking sector are gathered from FitchConnect database for the 2011–2017 period. Both dynamic ordinary least squares and generalised method of moments techniques are used to estimate a panel data of 43 commercial banks, namely, 17 IBs and 26 CBs. Findings The findings of this study lend support to the favourable influence of CAR set in Basel III accord on risk-taking behaviour of both types of banks. CBs appeared to be remarkably better off in terms of capital buffers. Evidence is established on the identicality of the risk-taking behaviour of IBs and CBs managers under CAR influence. Practical implications Even though a high CAR is observed to hamper risk-taking of banks, the findings may serve as a signal to regulators to be mindful of the implications of holding a high CAR. Similarly, managers may capitalise on the findings in terms of strategising for efficient use of the considerable capital buffers. Shareholders are also concerned about managers’ use of the considerable capital buffers. Originality/value This study is among a few studies that endeavoured to provide empirical evidence on the claim that IBs mimic the conduct of CBs in light of the influence of CAR prescribed in Basel III on risk-taking behaviour, particularly banks operating within the same banking environment.
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Smoker, Jason, Amr Baz, and Ling Zheng. "Virtual Reality Simulation of Active Car Suspension System." International Journal of Virtual Reality 8, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2009.8.2.2728.
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This paper presents the design of a Nonlinear Energy Sink (NES) controller and its application to active sus-pension systems in the Virtual Reality Environment. In this en-vironment, the design engineers are immersed in an audio-visually coupled tele-operated environment whereby direct in-teraction with and control of the design process is achieved in real time. In this manner, the behavior of synthetic models of the full car can be monitored by literally walking around the car and adjusting the design parameters of the suspension as needed to ensure optimal performance while satisfying design and operational requirements. The control actuators which provide forces equivalent to nonlinear stiffness and damping elements are attached to the vehicle in order to actively isolate it from road excitation. The effect of the parameters of the NES controller on the vehicle performance is studied both in the frequency and time domain. The effectiveness of the NES controller is validated by numeri-cal simulation. The robustness of the nonlinear energy pumping process is studied by varying the magnitude of road excitation. The simulation results in the Virtual Reality Environment show that under certain conditions, the nonlinear energy pumping can be induced and significant vibration isolation can be achieved. The performance of vehicle including the ride com-fort and road holding capability can be improved significantly. When the magnitude of road excitation is increased, the capaci-ty of the NES to absorb energy from the main system is also enhanced. This is very important to achieve vibration isolation objectives. The virtual reality simulation results also show that the nonlinear NES controller performs better than the classical LQR controller particularly as the road condition becomes worst.
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Trikande, MW, NK Karve, R. Anand Raj, VV Jagirdar, and R. Vasudevan. "Semi-active vibration control of an 8x8 armored wheeled platform." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 2 (March 21, 2016): 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546316638199.
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This study proposes skyhook and fuzzy logic based semi-active control strategies to isolate sprung mass motions of 8x8 military vehicle and provide ride quality, road holding and firing accuracy for a platform, removing the passivity constraints of semi-active suspension system. The governing differential equations of motion of 8x8 platform for semi-active vibration control are formulated analytically and validated under multi body dynamics environment. Sprung mass acceleration and displacement are measured on a quarter car set up experimentally to assess the efficacy of skyhook and fuzzy logic controllers. Control strategies, viz. continuous skyhook control, cascade loop control and cascade loop with ride control are implemented. Cascade loop with ride control is employed such that the outer loop stabilizes heave, pitch and roll motions of full vehicle whereas the inner loop, through fuzzy controller, isolates vehicle from uneven disturbances. Various parametric studies are also performed with 8x8 semi-active suspension systems in terms of stochastic road inputs to represent cross country terrain profile. Furthermore, effect of proposed strategies on ride comfort, road holding, amplitude and settling time of vehicle body motions after firing large projectile from gun and aiming accuracy of the fire control system are investigated. It is demonstrated that cascade loop with ride control in semi-active mode improves vehicle ride comfort and road holding and accuracy of fire control system and rate of fire of gun.
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Giedenbacher, Jochen, Anna Elisabeth Raab, Christian Walch, and Aziz Huskic. "The Quantification of Galling in Forming Operations of Hot Dip Galvanized Sheet Metal under Laboratory Conditions." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.607.
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In the sheet metal forming industry, tools are subject to mechanical, thermal, chemical and tribological loads. One of the major problems in forming operations of hot-dip galvanized sheet metal is galling (build-up of zinc flakes on the tool). This phenomenon develops gradually as an adhesion on the tool surface. The adhesive wear leads to high rejection and reworking costs for large car body forming tools. Due to economic aspects and the easy castability, the forming tools are made of cast iron. These materials tend to high adhesive wear. The aim of this project is to find a three-dimensional surface parameter, which describes a tribologically advantageous surface of forming tools in order to reduce galling. An additional objective is to optimize tool materials, heat treatment and surface coating. The evaluation of galling under laboratory conditions is based on strip drawing tests. The characterization of tool materials was executed for grey cast iron (EN-GJL-200/250) and nodular cast iron (EN-GJS-700). Investigations demonstrate that the processing methods and test parameters like sliding speed and temperature have a significant influence on galling. Three-dimensional surface parameters have also shown an effect on galling.
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Onyusheva, Irina, Minawat Machula, and Treeraporn Manuthammathorn. "STRATEGIC ANALYSIS FOR BUSINESS SUCCESS: THE CASE OF VGI COMPANY." EUrASEANs: journal on global socio-economic dynamics, no. 3(22) (June 2, 2020): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.3(22).2020.7-22.
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The VGI Public Company Limited (VGI) is functioning under the umbrella of the BTS Group Holding Company, Thailand. The aim of this research is to consider, analyze and develop an integrated strategy for business success of VGI by means of exploring its internal and external business environment with the use of different business analytical tools. The paper outlines the current market conditions that VGI is operating under, followed by SWOT and PESTEL analyses and the 5 forces model by M. Porter. Marketing aspects are covered through STP, 7P’s market mix, pricing and advertising policy.
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Xiong, Wei, Nikki Weber, and Dongfang Liu. "A novel and easy-to-use approach for assessment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified immune cell cytotoxicity." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 179.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.179.2.
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Abstract Cancer immunotherapies have shown promising results for treating various cancers. One such therapy involves engineering immune cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), thus combining tumor antigen specificity with immune cell activation in a single receptor. Currently, assessment of this CAR-modified immune cell cytotoxicity is limited by conventional tools (e.g., standard Chromium-51 release assay), which are time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive. In this study, we developed a novel, easy-to-use, and non-radioactive approach for assessment of CAR-modified immune cell cytotoxicity on the basis of luciferase bioluminescent signal. After a 4- hour incubation of CAR-modified immune cells in a 96-Well optical-bottom microplate, which was pre-seeded with targeted cell stablely expressed eGFP -firefly luciferase fusion gene (GFP-FFluc), the chemical bioluminescent signal of GFP-FFluc was quantified by a fluorescent microplate reader. The positive correlation between FFLuc signal and number of target cells was observed. The dose-dependent specific lysis is comparable with Chromium-51 release assays. The cytotoxicity activity measured by this approach can be further quantified under a common inverted fluorescence microscope to evaluate the morphology and dynamics of CAR-modified immune cells. In conclusion, this newly developed approach provides the scientific community with a powerful tool to study the CAR-modified immune cell cytotoxicity.
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Lastochkina, Oksana, Darya Garshina, Sergey Ivanov, Ruslan Yuldashev, Regina Khafizova, Chulpan Allagulova, Kristina Fedorova, Azamat Avalbaev, Dilara Maslennikova, and Massimo Bosacchi. "Seed Priming with Endophytic Bacillus subtilis Modulates Physiological Responses of Two Different Triticum aestivum L. Cultivars under Drought Stress." Plants 9, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121810.
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The protective effects against drought stress of the endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis 10-4 were measured by studying the priming response in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)—Ekada70 (E70) and Salavat Yulaev (SY)—lines, tolerant and susceptible to drought, respectively. B. subtilis 10-4 improved germination and growth parameters under normal conditions in both cultivars with the most pronounced effect observed in cv. E70. Under drought conditions, B. subtilis 10-4 significantly ameliorated the negative impact of stress on germination and growth of cv. E70, but had no protective effect on cv. SY. B. subtilis 10-4 induced an increase in the levels of photosynthetic chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, and carotenoids (Car) in the leaves of cv. E70, both under normal and drought conditions. In cv. SY plants, bacterial inoculation decreased the contents of Chl a, Chl b, and Car under normal conditions, but pigment content were almost recovered under drought stress. B. subtilis 10-4 increased water holding capacity (WHC) of cv. E70 (but did not affect this parameter in cv. SY) and prevented the stress-induced decline in WHC in both cultivars. Notably, B. subtilis 10-4 increased endogenous salicylic acid (SA) concentration in both cultivars, especially in cv. E70. Moreover, B. subtilis 10-4 reduced drought-induced endogenous SA accumulation, which was correlated with the influence of endophyte on growth, indicating a possible involvement of endogenous SA in the implementation of B. subtilis-mediated effects in both cultivars. Overall, B. subtilis 10-4 inoculation was found to increase drought tolerance in seedlings of both cultivars, as evidenced by decreased lipid peroxidation, proline content, and electrolyte leakage from tissues of wheat seedlings primed with B. subtilis 10-4 under drought conditions.
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Egorov, M. V., D. M. Pimenov, A. E. Suglobov, and T. Y. Demina. "Analytical tools as a Base of the Effective work of internal auditors and internal control Specialists." Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 9, no. 3 (June 29, 2022): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2022-9-3-78-84.
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The need for representatives of the relevant professions to have the skills and comprehensively apply analytical tools under the areas of their professional activities has been established by the current professional standards “Internal Auditor” and “Internal Control Specialist (Internal Controller)”, approved by the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, both in the above documents and in the scientific literature, proposals on the composition, integrated use of these tools, as well as on the forms of their practical application, are not fully disclosed. The study’s goal is the practical application of the existing tools, as well as to develop recommendations for its more efficient use by specialists of internal audit and internal control of corporations and large holding structures. The authors presented the data which consisted step-by-step instructions for the practical application of analytical tools in the relevant areas of activity and would be of interest to both practitioners and students in the relevant areas.
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Sarkate, Tukaram S. "A Finite Element Approach for Analysis of a Helical Coil Compression Spring Using CAE Tools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.703.
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Springs is defined as an elastic body that can reserve high level of potential energy, have various important role in industries. Helical spring is the most common element that has been used in car suspension system. Spring steel is low carbon alloy, medium carbon steel or high carbon steel with very high yield stress related to light vehicle suspension system. In this research paper AISI 9255, (containing 1.5%-1.8% silicon, 0.7%-1.0%manganese and 0.52%-.6% carbon) under the effect of a uniform loading has been studied. .The FE model of the helical spring has been generated in Pro-E Wildfire 5.0 software and imported in ANSYS-10 for finite element analysis, which are most popular CAE tools. Also finite element analysis has been compared with analytical solution for different loads under the same conditions to conclude.
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Denkena, Berend, and Dennis Heinisch. "On the Extraction of Milling Tools Out of Shrink Fit Chucks." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.445.
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Thermal shrink fit chucks are widely used in high performance machining where excellent concentricity and high torque transmission are required. It was reported that in those milling operations, severe damage of tools, workpieces, and also machine tools occurs due to an extraction of the milling tool out of the shrink fit chuck during the process. Although, theoretically the interference fit assembly should withstand certain process forces, milling tools are apparently pulled out under special process conditions. The resulting increase of the cutting depth often leads to tool overload and breakage. So far, the phenomenon of tool extraction could not be explained. This paper presents an experimental approach of the investigation of the phenomenon of axial tool extraction. Therefore, a unique type of test rig for main spindles and tool interfaces is used. Experimental investigations on dynamic force and torque combinations leading to tool extraction are described. Results show, that the holding force is not only affected by geometrical parameters of the shrink fit chuck, but also by the applied dynamic load.
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Papanikolaou, A., G. Zaraphonitis, and M. Androulakakis. "Preliminary Design of a High-Speed SWATH Passenger/Car Ferry." Marine Technology and SNAME News 28, no. 03 (May 1, 1991): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1991.28.3.129.
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The paper summarizes results of a recent research project of the National Technical University of Athens on the preliminary design and computer-aided optimization of a high-speed small waterplane area, twin hull (SWATH) passenger/car ferry. The projected vessel would be employed as a link in a rapid marine transit system connecting the Greek mainland (port of Piraeus) with the island of Crete (port of Heraklion). Alternative routes, leading to different vessel sizes and speeds, can be studied by the same developed design methodology and are currently under consideration for the local Greek or further Mediterranean market. Following a three-stage, techno-economical optimization to estimate the main dimensions and the hull form of the projected vessel, the preliminary design of a prototype SWATH vessel has been completed at NTUA, comprising all main steps of the well-known design spiral. Because the developed vessel is a prototype, it was essential to develop the proper analytical and numerical, computer-aided design tools to enable the necessary repetition of the various steps in the framework of a converging design. Theoretical predictions of the vessel's hydrodynamic behavior (powering and seakeeping) have been accompanied by a series of towing tank model experiments. The economic and operational advantages of the proposed concept are explained.
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TERSKIKH, Marina V., and Anastasiya V. KORABLEVA. "Specifics of advertising tools and public relations in the dairy products promotion." SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES, no. 2 (2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1819-8813-2020-15-2(109)-37-45.
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We considered a set of tools for advertising and public relations, which is used in the promotion of dairy products of the “Nutrient Mix Center” (Omsk). We noted that due to the high competition prevailing in the market, enterprises producing dairy products are increasingly resorting to new forms of promotion, among which cobranding, cross-marketing, etc. Dairy producers do not only constantly improve their products, create innovative products aimed at improving the body, set trends that correspond to the desire of consumers for a healthy lifestyle, etc., but also form the image of socially responsible companies. Thus, the organization under consideration sponsors sporting events, participates in collaborations with sports schools, fitness clubs, conducts health lessons in schools in order to form the image of a producer of natural, healthy products. Thus, the Center for Nutrient Mixtures uses a whole range of tools for positioning and promoting its products: traditional media advertising, targeted advertising on social networks, sponsorship, sales promotion tools (tasting, events with competitive mechanics), holding special events, etc.
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Zhurina, P. A., and O. V. Tyagunova. "Essence of the monitoring system for managing project life cycle at an instrument-making holding." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 3 (May 2, 2022): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-3-68-74.
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The article examines the issues the monitoring system for managing project life cycle at an instrument-making holding project. The purpose of monitoring is to improve the project management system, identify discrepancies between actual and planned indicators, monitor the project indicators, change the organisation strategy development, proposals to eliminate potential threats. The main tasks adopted as monitoring-screening tools are the identification of key indicators; processing and aggregation of critically necessary information about specific project tasks; identification of external and internal risks; attractors that strongly influence the implementation of the project; issue of operational reports on the project; forecasting and decision-making, development of proposals to correct negative situations; ensuring the integration of the monitoring system in the information environment of the holding. The article reveals the key problems in this area and outlines conceptual directions for improving the process under study. The relevance of the material is the activity of a real specialist directly inside the dynamic structure of the holding, who knows all the old management methods and models new and redundant management methods, updating them in accordance with external and internal challenges. The experience of implementing the project of changing management paradigms during the crisis can be used to minimise further risks and accelerate the choice of effective management methods in organisations of large holdings, which, in turn, will allow you to reorient yourself as painlessly as possible to new management mechanisms that will contribute to more efficient operation of the holding as a whole.
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Bazios, Panagiotis, Farbod Khoshnoud, and Ibrahim Esat. "Energy harvesting from suspension system and self-powered vibration control for a seven degree of freedom vehicle model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 232, no. 3 (October 10, 2017): 342–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419317735990.
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Traditionally, a quarter-car model and a sky-hook controller are employed to derive analytical expressions that describe conditions for self-powered operation. The main contribution of this work consists in using a seven degree of freedom vehicle model to determine numerically the condition for self-powered operation of an active suspension system with electromagnetic actuators. The performance of proportional–integral–derivative, linear quadratic regulator, and fuzzy Logic suspension controllers that employ feedback information for heave, pitch, and roll motion is evaluated under self-powered operation. An objective function consisting of a weighted sum of performance measures, including root mean square values for accelerations, road holding, actuator travel, and power regeneration capability, is used to determine equivalent actuator damping values and controller gains that enhance self-powered operation. The resulting optimal designs for each control strategies are compared by means of frequency responses to evaluate their performance and power regeneration capability, as well as to determine the effect of self-powered operation on these characteristics. This investigation shows that the performance of a self-powered active suspension systems, based on heave, pitch, and roll motion information, can be optimized to approach that of an active suspension system with external power supply; the degree of degradation depends on the particular suspension controller and the design objectives that are adopted. The performance improvement compared to a suspension system designed using a quarter car model and a sky-hook controller is also presented.
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Schiza, Sophia E., and Izolde Bouloukaki. "Screening for obstructive sleep apnoea in professional drivers." Breathe 16, no. 1 (March 2020): 29364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0364-2019.
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Professional drivers show a higher prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) compared with the general population. Furthermore, there is concern about the association between OSA and car crash risk given that drivers with OSA show an increased risk for car accidents. Despite this risk, OSA is often underdiagnosed and undertreated in this population, mainly due to lack of appropriate screening and sleep study referrals. Polysomnography (PSG), the gold standard test, is inappropriate for systematic screening because of its high expense, complexity and relative inaccessibility in this population. Therefore, there is a strong demand for good screening tools, including both subjective and objective data that may assist in early identification of possible OSA among professional drivers and, thus, aid in PSG examination referral and OSA management in an accredited sleep centre. However, there is considerable disagreement over screening methods and criteria for triggering a sleep study referral in different countries. There is also a strong need for further research in the area of OSA screening of commercial drivers in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy of screening tools and ensure that patients with OSA are accurately identified.Key pointsObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is often undiagnosed and undertreated in professional drivers.Professional drivers often under-report and are reluctant to report OSA symptoms.Barriers to OSA diagnosis include appropriate screening and sleep study referrals.Screening tools including both subjective and objective data may assist in early identification of possible OSA among professional drivers.Educational aimsTo evaluate screening instruments currently used to identify OSA risk in professional drivers.To provide guidance for developing an assessment strategy for OSA by professional driver medical examiners.
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Kwon, Gui Ryong, Fumihito Arai, Toshio Fukuda, Koichi Itoigawa, and Yasunori Tsukahara. "Voice-supported Active Touch Panel Using Micro Touch Sensor with PZT Thin Film." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 15, no. 4 (August 20, 2003): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2003.p0384.
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Today's automobiles serve not only as vehicles but also as mobile offices combining communication tools such as cellphones and car navigation systems providing online information services. The many switches are conventionally distributed on the dashboard. A move is under way, however, to combine them into a multifunctional touch panel. We propose a voice-supported active touch panel. Since information feedback to the operator is important in ensuring correct function selection, the panel we designed combines a vibrator and voice explanation. Touch sensors use PZT thin film sensors. The voice explanation uses a quick response system. This paper reports the features and configuration of the voice-supported active touch panel.
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Perray-Redslob, Ludivine, and Dima Younes. "Accounting and gender equality in (times of) crisis: toward an accounting that accommodates for emotional work?" Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 35, no. 1 (October 12, 2021): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-08-2020-4880.
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PurposeEmpirically, this paper questions whether accounting can help cope with crisis and preserve some form of feminist ideals. Theoretically, this paper aims to explore how accounting affects the division of emotional work in times of crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper relies on a qualitative study that investigates “life under lockdown” during the COVID crisis and focuses on middle-class well-educated couples aspiring for some form of gender equality and who introduced accounting tools (schedules, charts, to-do-lists, etc.) in their daily life to achieve it.FindingsThe paper argues that accounting tools are not able to prevent couples from adopting traditional ways of carrying out emotional work. By favoring the masculine way of displaying emotions, they make invisible women's efforts for comforting. They even mask the unequal distribution of emotional work under some form of “neoliberal equality”. Also, in a context where middle-class standards are perceived as crucial to meet for both parents to keep their social position, accounting tools, by holding parents accountable for these standards, let no time to find alternative ways of living. Consequently, traditional roles become impossible to reverse.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper investigates accounting, gender and emotions by showing the importance of making emotional work visible at a household but also at an organizational and societal level. It calls for an “integrative” emotional display that is crucial for resilience in times of crisis and invites to challenge neoliberal middle-class standards that make household life difficult for most women. Theoretically, it invites for further exploring how accounting tools are constructed and negotiated and how unpredictable elements of life other than emotions affect gender when accounting tools are introduced in times of crisis.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the literature on gender-in-accounting by introducing the concept of emotional work and showing how accounting tools affect the gendered division of emotional work in praxis.
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Wu, Guo Yang, Jun Jie Yang, Cheng Rong Jiang, Yun Song Li, and Guo Yun Li. "Finite Element Analysis on Structure of a New Torsional Vibration Damper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 215-216 (November 2012): 861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.861.
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Based on the practical working state and load conditions of a car, the stress-strain and its strength in static and dynamic state of a new torsional vibration damper were calculated and analyzed with the finite element theory and tools, providing reliable data and a simple and accurate research method of strength for its practical application.Through strength analysis, the maximum equivalent stress of main parts of damper under static load and the stress time curve under dynamic load were obtained. By comparing the analytical results under static and dynamic load, it shows that all parts of the damper meet the strength requirements under the dynamic load, and that the maximum stress value of main parts under idle speed conditions is higher than that of running conditions, which is consistent with the actual working condition; while under the static load, the rivets did not meet the strength requirement. In conclusion, two feasible methods were proposed to improve the strength of rivets. It is verified that this damper can meet working strength requirements at last.
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Abbas, Zameer, Hafiz Zafar Nazir, Muhammad Abid, Noureen Akhtar, and Muhammad Riaz. "Enhanced nonparametric control charts under simple and ranked set sampling schemes." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 42, no. 14 (June 26, 2020): 2744–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331220931977.
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Investigation and removal of unnatural variation in the processes of manufacturing, production and services require application of statistical process control. Control charts are the most famous and commonly used statistical process control tools to trace changes in the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing processes parameter(s). The nonparametric control charts become necessary when the distribution of underlying process is unknown or questionable. The nonparametric charts are robust alternative along with holding property of quick shift detection ability in process parameter(s). In this article, we have proposed nonparametric double exponentially weighted moving average chart based on Wilcoxon signed rank test under simple and ranked set sampling schemes for efficient monitoring of the process location. The proposed control charts are compared with classical exponentially weighted moving average, double exponentially weighted moving average, nonparametric exponentially weighted moving average sign, nonparametric exponentially weighted moving average signed rank, nonparametric cumulative sum signed rank charts using average run length and some other characteristics of run length distribution as performance measures. Comparison reveals that the proposed control charts performs better to detect all kinds of shifts in the process location than existing counterparts. A real-life application related to manufacturing process (the variable of interest is the diameter of piston ring) is also provided for the practical implementation of the proposed chart.
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Ruzmetov, Yadgor, Oksana Molchanova, and Jamol Shihnazarov. "Calculation of solid-state cargo fastener under the influence of longitudinal forces." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015701016.
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Cargo securing on a railway platform, elastic and retention fasteners, longitudinal transport force of inertia, forces in elastic fastenings. Purpose: The paper presents the calculation of the longitudinal transport force of inertia; determines the longitudinal force perceived by the elastic elements of the cargo securing; determines the reactions of retention bars depending on the number of bars and fasteners (nail); calculates the sum of all holding forces; calculates the forces in the elastic fasteners when exposed to longitudinal forces. Research methods: To determine the forces in the cargo securing devices, existing calculation methods are used. Moreover, the formulas of these techniques are presented in a form convenient for calculation. Main results: The paper proves that according to the existing method, the force in all elastic cargo fasteners under the influence of longitudinal forces has the same value, regardless of the different arrangement of the geometric parameters of the fasteners in space. The forces in them are more than 1.6 times higher than the permissible values. The calculations of forces in the elastic fasteners, which are performed by the specified method, are given. The results of the comparative analysis showed that the forces in all wire fasteners, in contrast to the existing calculation method, have different values. However, the strength of the second pair of wire fasteners of both one and the other direction is not ensured - the force in them more than two times exceeds the permissible value (61/24.8≈2.5), which will result in their destruction during the cargo transportation. Conclusions and their significance for the industry: Existing calculation methods do not provide guarantee strength of cargo fasteners. In the future, to calculate the fastening of cargo by shippers in the railway industry, a new calculation procedure should be applied for the allocation and fastening of cargo on the car.
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Isfandyari-Moghaddam, Alireza, and Mansoureh Hosseini-Shoar. "Factors affecting Web 2.0 adoption: a case study." Program 48, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prog-02-2012-0005.
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Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to identify factors affecting the adoption of Web 2.0 tools by librarians of academic libraries located in Hamedan, Iran. Design/methodology/approach – Methodologically, this survey is applied using a descriptive approach. The statistical population of the survey was 47 librarians of academic and college libraries located in Hamedan (Iran). The tool used for data gathering is a questionnaire made based on the relevant literature as well as authors' standpoint. It consists of 39 questions under ten broad factors. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS (version 16). Findings – Totally, ten broad factors affecting the adoption of Web 2.0 tools by the librarians were identified. The most effective factors are job conditions, changeability, skills, competitiveness, and saving time. Practical implications – To positively and effectively affect the adoption of Web 2.0 tools by librarians especially Hamedan academic librarians, holding training courses and related workshops, the inclusion of lessons regarding Web 2.0 tools and their application in the academic courses planned and run by LIS departments, implementing open and distance learning (ODL), attracting LIS professionals to the field of Web 2.0, buying needed software and hardware equipment, and addressing the importance of adopting and using Web 2.0 tools for academic and library managers should not be neglected. Originality/value – This study may contribute to the field in terms of better understanding of factors affecting the adoption of Web 2.0 tools and thus better usage of these and other emerging technologies in academic libraries and information centers.
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Lemus-Ruiz, José, J. J. Ávila-Castillo, and R. García-Estrada. "WC / Stainless Steel Joints Produced by Direct Diffusion Bonding Using a Ni-Foil Interlayer." Materials Science Forum 560 (November 2007): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.560.53.
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Cemented tungsten carbides are industrially one of the most used composite materials as cutting tools, wear parts and replacements of standard materials for tools, dies and machine components. This work focuses on various aspects of diffusion bonding of tungsten carbide to AISI 304 stainless steel using a Ni-foil interlayer. WC/Ni/AISI 304 combinations were diffusion bonded at 1000°C using different holding times under argon atmosphere. The microstructure characterization of the resulting interfaces was carried out by SEM and EPMA. The results show that successful joining between WC and AISI 304 steel is achieved by the formation of a diffusion zone at both ends of the Ni foil. All WC/Ni/AISI 304 samples have been joined with no severe interfacial cracking or porosity at the interface. The joint strength is determined by four-point bending testing, a maximum of 210 MPa for samples joined at 1000 °C for 60 minutes has been achieved. These results indicate that there is a strong relationship between the thickness of the diffusion interface and the mechanical strength of the joints.
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Donchin, Opher, Lumy Sawaki, Ghangadar Madupu, Leonardo G. Cohen, and Reza Shadmehr. "Mechanisms Influencing Acquisition and Recall of Motor Memories." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 2114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2002.88.4.2114.
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An internal model of the dynamics of a tool or an object is part of the motor memory acquired when learning to use the tool or to manipulate the object. Changes in synaptic efficacy may underlie acquisition and storage of memories. Here we studied the effect of pharmacological agents that interfere with synaptic plasticity on acquisition of new motor memories and on recall of a previously learned internal model. Forty-nine subjects, divided into six groups, made reaching movements while holding a robotic arm that applied forces to the hand. On day 1, all subjects learned to move in force field A. On day 2, each group of subjects was tested on their ability to recall field A and their ability to learn a new internal model in field B. Four groups participated in the experiments of day 2 under the effects of lorazepam (LZ; a GABA type A receptor-positive allosteric modulator), dextromethorphan [DM; an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker], lamotrigine (LG, a drug that blocks voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channel), or scopolamine (SP; muscarinic receptor antagonist). Two control groups were tested in a drug-free condition: one group that was not exposed to additional experimental protocols (NP) and another group was tested under ∼24 h of sleep deprivation between completion of learning on day 1 and start of testing on day 2 (SD). Recall of field A was normal in all groups. Learning of field B was reduced by LZ and DM but not by SP, LG, SD or in the NP condition. These results suggest that a 24-h sleep-deprivation period may have little or no effect on consolidation of this motor memory and that NMDA receptor activation and GABAergic inhibition are mechanisms operating in the acquisition but not recall of new motor memories in humans.
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Kristvik, Erle, Guro Heimstad Kleiven, Jardar Lohne, and Tone Merete Muthanna. "Assessing the robustness of raingardens under climate change using SDSM and temporal downscaling." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 6 (February 1, 2018): 1640–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.043.
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Abstract Climate change is expected to lead to higher precipitation amounts and intensities causing an increase of the risk for flooding and combined sewer overflows in urban areas. To cope with these changes, water managers are requesting practical tools that can facilitate adaptive planning. This study was carried out to investigate how recent developments in downscaling techniques can be used to assess the effects of adaptive measures. A combined spatial-temporal downscaling methodology using the Statistical DownScaling Model-Decision Centric (SDSM-DC) and the Generalized Extreme Value distribution was applied to project future precipitation in the city of Bergen, Norway. A raingarden was considered a potential adaptive measure, and its performance was assessed using the RECARGA simulation tool. The benefits and limitations of using the proposed method have been demonstrated and compared to current design practices in Norway. Large differences in the raingarden's performance with respect to percentage overflow and lag-time reduction were found for varying projections. This highlights the need for working with a range of possible futures. Further, it was found that Ksat was the determining factor for peak-flow reduction and that different values of Ksat had different benefits. Engineering flexible solutions by combining measures holding different characteristics will induce robust adaptation.
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Ramamurthy, Jeyasenthil, and Seung-Bok Choi. "A novel semi-active control strategy based on the cascade quantitative feedback theory for a vehicle suspension system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 7 (August 5, 2018): 1851–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018790608.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes a robust controller for semi-active suspension system with actuator dynamics using the quantitative feedback theory. It solves the vehicle vibration attenuation problem using the novel cascade approach. The proposed cascade quantitative feedback theory control approach consists of the inner and outer loop. The damping force tracking of the magneto-rheological damper is chosen as the inner loop, while the outer loop is for the vibration attenuation. The inner loop is added to the control structure to enhance damping force tracking capabilities. The damping force of the magneto-rheological damper depends on the many factors, such as the complex and nonlinear (hysteresis) dynamics and operating temperature. The actuator (magneto-rheological damper) dynamics is well approximated by a first-order model with an uncertain time constant which captures the essential dynamics. The simulation case study is conducted on a realistic quarter car suspension system to show the effectiveness of the proposed cascade control method. The proposed method is found to deliver superior performances, in terms of ride comfort and road holding, over the skyhook, [Formula: see text] control, and single-loop quantitative feedback theory control under the bump, sine, and random road disturbances.
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Mor, Rahul S., Dinesh Kumar, Sarika Yadav, and Swatantra Kumar Jaiswal. "Achieving cost efficiency through increased inventory leanness: Evidence from manufacturing industry." Production Engineering Archives 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2021.27.6.
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Abstract Inventory management’s fundamental problem starts with maintaining equilibrium among the operating efficiency, cost of investment, and other allied costs with extensive inventories to keep the actual conflicts at the minimum while optimizing the inventory holding levels. But, inventory management practices have not been well exploited in various manufacturing industries yet. In this study, inventory management tools, i.e., ABC and VED analysis, have been applied in the manufacturing industry, considering 146 items as raw material for an assembly. A total of 15 items under ‘AV’ class have been identified that consume 82.05 % of the total cost, and these items need strict control and frequent ordering. Sigma level of suppliers is also calculated, which comes out to be 2.36, and it must be improved to reduce the overall inventory cost.
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Liu, Huifang, Weiwei Dong, Yunlong Chang, Yifei Gao, and Wencheng Li. "Working characteristics of a magnetostrictive vibration energy harvester for rotating car wheels." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 055001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0078131.
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The practice of harvesting vibration energy from machine tools, windmill blades, etc., and converting it into electric energy to power low-power electronic circuits has attracted wide attention from experts and scholars. Abundant vibrations that exist in the moving vehicle can be harvested to power sensors in tire pressure monitoring. In this paper, for the first time, a device is proposed to harvest the rotational vibration energy with the iron–gallium alloy (magnetostrictive material) as the core material. Such a device utilizes the coupling characteristics of Villarreal effect and Faraday electromagnetic effect to convert the vibration energy generated by the moving vehicle into electric energy. Upon completion of the design of the magnetostrictive rotational vibration energy harvester, the influence law of key factors, including substrate material, substrate size, and pre-magnetization field arrangement on the harvesting capability of the device, was studied in detail through experiments. An electric motor and vibration exciter were used to apply varied excitation forms to the harvester, and the output patterns of the harvester under conditions of wheel rotation, road bumps, and random vibration were fully analyzed. In addition, the correlation between the deformation of the cantilever beam and harvester performance was also investigated. The results have shown that at the acceleration of 9.6 g and the rotational speed of 90 r/min, the harvester can reach the output voltage of 1.22 V. Consequently, it demonstrates the feasibility of employing the magnetostrictive harvester to gather rotational vibration energy and provides theoretical guidance for further and deeper research on the harvester.
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Lavrova, Alla V., and Volodymyr F. Zabolotnyi. "ПІДХІД ДО ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ І ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ШКІЛЬНОГО НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ФІЗИЧНОГО ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТУ." Information Technologies and Learning Tools 50, no. 6 (January 1, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v50i6.1296.
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The modern approach to the effective realization of physical experiment is to combine the real and virtual experiments using new learning technologies for the formation of students’ key and subject competencies. Only a skillful combination of computer technology and traditional methods of teaching physics give the desired result: a high level of learning in physics and understanding of their practical application. This paper considers the approach to the organization and holding of educational physical experiment using computer-oriented learning tools. This approach extends the experiment as a kind of visibility and knowledge sources and includes the following steps: preparation; full-scale physical experiments; conclusions. Modern software automates the collection, processing and systematization of data, saves time and effort of students. In general, you can focus their attention on the physical nature of the phenomenon under study.
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Eyvindson, Kyle, and Annika Kangas. "Stochastic goal programming in forest planning." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 10 (October 2014): 1274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0170.
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Developing a forest management plan in a multicriteria perspective is traditionally accomplished utilizing simulation and optimization tools as a means to predict and optimize a variety of criteria under consideration. Goal programming is a useful tool to balance conflicting aspects of the competing criteria. When information regarding an aspect of uncertainty is available, stochastic programming should be utilized to efficiently integrate this additional information. Research has been conducted into determining the accuracy of forest inventory methods; however, the measurement error is typically ignored when generating forest management plans. Through integrating the uncertainty in a systematic fashion, the forest management plan can be improved by describing the potential uncertainty in the plan and by managing the influences of this uncertainty. This paper develops three stochastic goal programming formulations and highlights the usefulness of the approach on a small forest holding.
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Mohamad, Barhm, Károly Jalics, and Andrei Zelentsov. "Investigation and optimization of the acoustic performance of formula student race car intake system using coupled modelling techniques." Design of Machines and Structures 9, no. 1 (2019): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32972/dms.2019.002.
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The University of Miskolc has previously designed and prototyped several race cars for the Formula Student (FS) competition. Unfortunately, none of these cars utilized air intake systems meeting all the requirements of regulations. Intake system are used to feed the engine with sufficient amount of air for complete combustion inside the combustion chamber to produce maximum power. The air flow during flowing produce sound waves due to rate of turbulence and boundary layer separation, and according to standard regulation this sound should be controlled minimum as possible. Recent advances in modelling procedures for accurate performance prediction have led to the development of modelling methods for practical intake system components in commercial design. Engine designers need simple and fast modelling tools, especially in the preliminary design evaluation stages. In this study, commercial software Solidworks and advanced design software Creo 4.0 were used in addition for that Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis is performed. Frequency domain analysis is made to receive behaviour of the entire system under assumed conditions.
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Papaioannou, Georgios, Dimitrios Koulocheris, and Efstathios Velenis. "Skyhook control strategy for vehicle suspensions based on the distribution of the operational conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, no. 10-11 (March 27, 2021): 2776–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544070211006517.
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In this work, a novel distribution-based control strategy of semi-active vehicle suspensions is tested under different conditions. The novelty lies in the use of an appropriate threshold in the operational condition of the control algorithm, with which the operational conditions severity is quantified and the state of the damper is controlled according to the magnitude of the operational conditions and not their sign. The value of the threshold depends on the vibrations induced to the sprung mass by the road profile. In order to be evaluated, the operational conditions of the algorithm are fitted to a t-student distribution. The cumulative distribution function of this distribution is used in order to decrease the fraction of the sample operating with the damper’s stiff state. The strategy is applied to traditional SH control algorithms and is tested using a quarter car model excited by different road excitations. A sensitivity analysis for various threshold values is performed, investigating the impact of adopting the cumulative distribution functioned (CDF) controller to various performance metrics. The results illustrate an increase of up to 13% in the ride comfort of the passengers and increase of 6% in the road holding of the vehicle. Both are achieved by minimizing the switches of the damping ratio up to 80%.
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Kiviat, Barbara. "The Moral Limits of Predictive Practices: The Case of Credit-Based Insurance Scores." American Sociological Review 84, no. 6 (November 7, 2019): 1134–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122419884917.
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Corporations gather massive amounts of personal data to predict how individuals will behave so that they can profitably price goods and allocate resources. This article investigates the moral foundations of such increasingly prevalent market practices. I leverage the case of credit scores in car insurance pricing—an early and controversial use of algorithmic prediction in the U.S. consumer economy—to unpack the premise that predictive data are fair to use and to understand the conditions under which people are likely to challenge that moral logic. Policymaker resistance to credit-based insurance scores reveals that contention arises when predictions depend on mathematical distinctions that do not align with broader understandings of good and bad behavior, and when theories about why predictions work point to the market holding people accountable for actions that are not really their fault. Via a de-commensuration process, policymakers realign the market with their own notions of moral deservingness. This article thus demonstrates the importance of causal understanding and moral categorization for people accepting markets as fair. As data and analytics permeate markets of all sorts, as well as other domains of social life, these findings have implications for how social scientists understand the novel forms of stratification that result.
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Wolelaw, Natnael Melsew, Amare Tilahun Tessema, and Getachew Asefa Alene. "Modeling Behavior of U-Turning Vehicles at the Median Opening Using a Merging Behavior Approach: A Case Study in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (December 1, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8273616.
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Median openings are one of the most commonly used road features, which are mainly used to allow U-turning movement in urban areas, and this study focuses mainly on modeling the behavior of U-turning vehicles at the median opening using a merging behavior approach. The purpose of the study is to estimate and model the critical gap of u-turning vehicles at the median opening under mixed traffic conditions. Under this study, the accepted gap, rejected gap, driver waiting time, merging time, and critical gap are estimated, and the modified Raff’s method and modified INAFOGA method are used for the estimation of a critical gap. However, modified INAFOGA is used for the modeling of critical gaps under mixed traffic conditions. In this study, sixteen median openings were selected in Bahir Dar city, and data were collected using a video recording technique at each selected median opening during the peak hour of the day. The necessary data were extracted using Forevid analysis software tools. Different types of traffic are involved in the mixed traffic, and each vehicle type is categorized according to the Ethiopian Road Authority’s 2013 design guide into seven different classes, such as 2-wheeler, 3-wheeler, passenger car, minibus, small bus and truck, medium bus, and medium truck. Among those traffic types, three vehicle classes (three-wheeler, passenger car, and minibus) were only considered due to the prohibition of U-turning movement for medium and large vehicles. For the modeling of critical gaps, waiting time and conflicting traffic flow are used as independent variables using the regression technique. Driver waiting time and the critical gap were found to be power related to passenger cars and minibuses and exponentially to three-wheelers. Conflicting traffic flow and critical gaps were power related to passenger cars and minibuses and linearly related to three-wheelers.
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Pfestorf, Markus. "Manufacturing of High Strength Steel and Aluminum for a Mixed Material Body in White." Advanced Materials Research 6-8 (May 2005): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.6-8.109.
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Sophisticated materials like high strength steel or even multi phase steel as well as aluminum require more efforts within the manufacturing process than conventional steel sheets as they have been used in the body in white recently. The manufacturing process itself as well as engineering of the parts, material of the forming tools as well as cold and warm joining technologies must be regarded separately. For forming tools coated steel inserts or sometimes even cooling is essential in terms of high-volume car series production. In mixed material solutions using steel in combination with aluminum, the common used resistance spot welding process does not work any more. To maintain high process stability of cold joining technologies combined with adhesive bonding a new process must have been developed. Other items for weight and cost savings are tailored rolled blanks or sophisticated joining technologies. Regarding the manufacturing costs, a cost effective combination of the mentioned high-sophisticated alloys with conventional material should be achieved. Developing a design concept due to crash, stiffness and driving performance, basic requirements have to be considered. This aims to check the high potential of cost intensive materials wherever high functional benefit is necessary under commercial aspects.
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Daryati, Siti, Okta Firawan Putra Purwa, and Dwi Rochmayanti. "Rancang Bangun Alat Bantu Fiksasi Pemeriksaan Radiografi Shoulder Joint Proyeksi Inferosuperior Axial." Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) 2, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jimed.v2i1.3166.
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Backgroud: Have been done research about making of the design tools fixation on radiographic examination shoulder against the backdrop of the difficulty in positioning the patient to commit abduction. The purpose of the design is to replace the role of the patient's family or resident physician in charge of holding the cassette and the patient's arm in abduction during the examination takes place.Methods: This research is a quantitative with explorative experimental approach. The method used in data collection that is designing the tools, use tools, and test tools function. Test function tools made directly to the patient in the Radiology department of DR.Sardjito Yogyakarta. The results of test functions are analyzed based check list of respondents about the value of work tools.Results: The results of design tools fixation on radiographic examination shoulder joint inferosuperior axial projections in the form of iron under the buffer, the buffer on iron, steel main buffer, where handrail 1, where handrail 2 and the cassette place. The workings of the device is placed beside the examination table, abduction of the patient's arm and place it on a hand grip and place cassette on a the cassette place. The function test results on the assessment tool's ability to adjust to the state of the patient's arm, the ability of the tool settings when adjusting the tool height to the height of the examination table or brangkar, the ability of the tool settings when adjusting the length of the tool with the patient's arm length of, the ability of the tool setting in place the cassette on tools, the ability of setting tool in positioning the tape on the object of examination, the ability of the tool to produce radiographs that do not cause artifacts..Conclusion: the ability to show the joints between the glenoid cavity of the humeral head to 2.37. It can be concluded that the tools fixation radiographic examination of shoulder joint inferosuperior axial projection has a pretty good performance.
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He, Shijian, Xinsha Fu, Zhihua Tan, Jijing Wang, and Ting Ge. "Acceleration and Deceleration Parameter Calibration of Tunnel Entrance Based on the Naturalistic Driving Test of Passenger Car." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 23, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5590759.
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The precise calibration of acceleration and deceleration parameters is crucial for improving the accuracy of operating speed prediction and analysis tools at tunnel entrances. Therefore, acceleration and deceleration data of passenger car captured from 20 drivers at 30 tunnel entrances were collected from 200 m outside to 200 m inside the tunnel portal and averaged across four study zones. The results show that, first, the distribution of deceleration rates based on speed differs from that of acceleration rates based on speed in all zones. Second, significant differences in the probability density distribution of deceleration were found between each zone ( p < 0.001 ), but differences in acceleration could not be found between any zones ( p > 0.05 ). Third, the feature values (breakpoints) of the acceleration/deceleration cumulative frequency curves were located near the 95th percentile, differing from the traditional 85th percentile found with the extant model. The feature values of acceleration in the four zones coincided at 0.5 m/s2 and those of deceleration were 0.93, 0.85, 0.70, and 0.47 m/s2 under zones 1–4, respectively. This study provides accurate feature values of acceleration and deceleration for modelling an updated tunnel entrance operating speed prediction model.
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Künkele, Klaus-Peter, Daniela Wesch, Hans-Heinrich Oberg, Martin Aichinger, Verena Supper, and Christoph Baumann. "Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells: Can We Re-Purpose a Potent Anti-Infection Mechanism for Cancer Therapy?" Cells 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9040829.
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Cancer therapies based on in vivo stimulation, or on adoptive T cell transfer of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, have been tested in the past decades but have failed to provide consistent clinical efficacy. New, promising concepts such as γδ Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) -T cells and γδ T-cell engagers are currently under preclinical evaluation. Since the impact of factors, such as the relatively low abundance of γδ T cells within tumor tissue is still under investigation, it remains to be shown whether these effector T cells can provide significant efficacy against solid tumors. Here, we highlight key learnings from the natural role of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the elimination of host cells bearing intracellular bacterial agents and we translate these into the setting of tumor therapy. We discuss the availability and relevance of preclinical models as well as currently available tools and knowledge from a drug development perspective. Finally, we compare advantages and disadvantages of existing therapeutic concepts and propose a role for Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in immune-oncology next to Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 3 activating therapies.
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Kumar, Satish, Mohan Nagraj, R. Suresh, Arunkumar Bongale, and Nitin Khedkar. "The Effect of Holding Time of Deep Cryogenic-Treated AISI D3 Cutting Tool on Machinability of Low Carbon Steels Using Taguchi’s Technique." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 19, no. 02 (June 2020): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686720500110.
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This paper deals with the effect of machining parameters on tool wear, surface roughness and cutting forces in dry turning of low carbon steel with deep cryo-treated AISI D3 tool steel. AISI D3 tool steel was used for preparation of cutting tools as per International Standard Organization (ISO: 3685-1993). Deep cryogenic treatment ([Formula: see text]C) of D3 tool steel was carried out at different holding time (12[Formula: see text]h, 24[Formula: see text]h and 36[Formula: see text]h) followed by tempering at [Formula: see text]C for 2[Formula: see text]h. Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array is used for optimizing the process parameters during machining process. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to study the significance of the input parameters. Mathematical models were developed using linear regression analysis for validating results. The tool worn surface shows the abrasion wear and oxidation wear were the main wear mechanisms observed under higher speed and feed rate cutting conditions.
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Bastacky, Jacob, Thomas L. Hayes, Joong Lee, Charles Lee, John Goerke, Steve Ferreira, Ralph Thrasher, and Edwin Garcia. "Low-temperature specimen preparation apparatus and techniques for low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) and synchrotron soft x-ray microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100102626.
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We have developed equipment and techniques for low-temperature scanning electron microscope (LTSEM) and x-ray microscope examinations of animal tissue samples. A cryoprobe for rapidly freezing tissue in vivo, a low-temperature saw for cutting large blocks of frozen tissue without warming, cardboard containers for sample storage in liquid nitrogen (LN2), tools for holding and manipulating frozen specimens, and an under-LN2 specimen viewer are described here. An LTSEM specimen holder for small blocks of tissue and a low-temperature trim saw for precisely cutting such blocks are described elsewhere. We have found such equipment, along with various commercial and specially fabricated dewars, to greatly facilitate our LTSEM experiments.To minimize ice crystal size by freezing as rapidly as possible and to maintain tissue in as close to normal physiologic state as possible during freezing, we use a cryoprobe for freezing 1 cm2 surfaces of tissue in vivo. The cryoprobe (Fig. 1) is a highly-polished 1 mm thick, 10 mm diam.
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Catherine, Louis Denis Kevin, Raja Aziz Raja Ma’arof, and Sangeeth Suresh. "A Study on the Impact of the Milling Parameters on the Surface Roughness when Using Polyurethane Board as a Base Material in Manufacturing Automotive Checking Fixtures." Materials Science Forum 819 (June 2015): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.819.449.
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The improvement of the quality of the surface roughness of the polyurethane board (PB) has always been a challenge in the automotive industry. A suitable combination of the milling parameters is very important in order to get a high grade of smoothness specially when dealing with complex designs such as curved profiles. In this paper, a half factorial design of experiment (DoE) with 16 runs at two levels is applied in the milling operation of the checking fixtures of a car seat belt bracket under a dry cutting condition. The Feed rate, Depth of cut, Spindle speed, Step over and Plunge rate were taken as the variables for the DoE. Two different milling tools, a flat end mill of diameter10 mm for roughing, and a ball nose of diameter 5 mm for the finishing process were used. Minitab software was use to analyze the correlation between the parameters and the surface roughness. The most influential factor in the milling process was observed to be the Step over.