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Journal articles on the topic 'Hole pattern plates'
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1
Hampton, R. W., and D. V. Nelson. "On the Use of the Hole-Drilling Technique for Residual Stress Measurements in Thin Plates." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 114, no. 3 (1992): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929043.
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The strain gage blind hole-drilling technique may be used to determine residual stresses at and below the surface of components. In this paper, the hole-drilling analysis methodology for thick plates is reviewed, and experimental data are used to evaluate the methodology and to assess its applicability to thin plates. Data on the effects of gage pattern, surface preparation, hole spacing, hole eccentricity, and stress level are also presented.
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Huang, Jinhua, and A. J. Rapoff. "Optimization design of plates with holes by mimicking bones through nonaxisymmetric functionally graded material." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 217, no. 1 (2003): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146442070321700103.
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The larger natural holes in bone are not involved in failure because of the special material distribution in their vicinity. In this paper, a procedure was developed that designs the nonaxisymmetric functionally graded material distribution around a hole in a plate in an attempt to mimic bone for increased strength at small weight increase by minimizing a failure index (stress/strength ratio). Nonaxisymmetric graded material distributions were represented by a generic continuous function of eight design variables. The results show that the optimal nonaxisymmetric functionally graded plate with a hole has a material distribution pattern similar to that found in bone, and the load-carrying capability of the plate can be greatly increased at small hole weight ratio#.
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Scheperboer, Irene, Evangelos Efthymiou, and Johan Maljaars. "Deformation of Perforated Aluminium Plates under In-Plane Compressive Loading." Key Engineering Materials 710 (September 2016): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.710.357.
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Aluminium plates containing a single hole or multiple holes in a row are recently becoming very popular among architects and consultant engineers in many constructional applications, due to their reduced weight, as well as facilitating ventilation and light penetration of the buildings. However, there are still uncertainties concerning their structural behaviour, preventing them from wider utilization. In the present paper, local buckling phenomenon of perforated aluminium plates has been studied using the finite element method. For the purposes of the research work, plates with simply supported edges in the out-of-plane direction and subjected to uniaxial compression are examined. In view of perforations, circular cut-outs and the total cut-out size has been varied between 5 and 40% of the total plate area. Moreover, different perforation patterns have been investigated, from a single, central cut-out to a more refined pattern consisting of up to 25 holes equally distributed over the plate. Regarding the material characteristics, several aluminium alloys are considered and compared to steel grade A36 on plates of different slenderness. For each case the critical (Euler) buckling load and the ultimate resistance has been determined.A study into the boundary conditions of the plate showed that the restrictions at the edges parallel to the load direction have a large influence on the critical buckling load. Restraining the top or bottom edge does not significantly influence the resistance of the plate.The results showed that the ultimate resistance of aluminium plates containing multiple holes occurs at considerably larger out-of-plane displacement as that of full plates. For very large total cut-out, a plate containing a central hole has a larger resistance than a plate with equal cut-out percentage but with multiple holes. The strength and deformation in the post-critical regime, i.e. the difference between the critical buckling load and the ultimate resistance, differs significantly for different number of holes and cut-out percentage.
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Meijers, P. "Refined Theory for Bending and Torsion of Perforated Plates." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 108, no. 4 (1986): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264808.
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An asymptotic solution is given for the effective elastic constants and the stresses in a perforated plate which is loaded in bending and torsion. In this solution terms 0(h/R)2 are neglected with respect to unity; h being the plate thickness and R the hole radius. In addition to the doubly periodic solution of the classical plate problem another bi-potential problem and two auxiliary problems, viz., a plane strain and a torsion problem for a half-infinite strip, have to be solved. The asymptotic solution together with an approximate solution for an infinitely thick plate permits us often to construct a solution which covers the entire range of h/R; viz., 0≤h/R<∞. In a number of cases accurate interpolation requires additional finite-element calculations. The numerical data presented here apply to a square or an equilateral triangular hole pattern.
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Gordon, J. L., D. P. Jones, D. Banas, and D. N. Hutula. "A Collapse Surface for a Perforated Plate With an Equilateral Triangular Array of Penetrations." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 2 (2002): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1357537.
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A collapse surface is developed for use in limit-load analysis of plates containing a large number of small circular penetrations arranged in an equilateral triangular array of holes with a ligament efficiency of 0.31733. The collapse surface is obtained by calculating the limit load for a unit cell model of the penetration pattern using a three-dimensional elastic-perfectly plastic [EPP] finite element analysis [FEA] computer program. The EPP response from incipient yielding to plastic collapse for the unit cell is obtained for a sufficient number of load cases to define the complete collapse surface. The collapse surface is expressed analytically by using a fourth-order function that incorporates the periodicity dictated by the triangular hole pattern. The coefficients of the fourth-order function were obtained by statistically fitting the collapse surface generated by the EPP-FEA results. The resulting collapse surface was shown to be appropriate for development of an EPP-EQS theory for perforated plates. The analytic surface agrees to within 7 percent of the actual collapse surface obtained by EPP-FEA of the unit cell representing the penetration.
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Zhang, Wensong, Paul H. Taylor, and Richard C. Darton. "Simple estimation of effective elastic constants for thin plates with regular perforations and an application to the vibration of distillation column trays." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 52, no. 1 (2016): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324716672972.
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The horizontal perforated sheet metal plates are commonly used in the process industries as trays in distillation columns, important internal parts for fractionating the input liquid mixture. Normally, the operating performance of such trays is satisfactory. However, cases have been reported of abnormally high levels of tray vibration during operation at particular conditions. The trays then experienced fatigue cracking accompanied by the loosening of bolts and fixings, which led to expensive failures. The excitation of structural resonance was suspected as a component in flow-induced vibration. Using linear stress superposition, a simple but robust analytical method is developed to provide high-quality predictions for the stress and strain distributions for in-plane loaded thin perforated plates with periodic hole arrangements. This approach is built on the classical solution for the elastic stress field around a single circular hole in a large plate. The perforated plates with square penetration patterns are investigated in this article, although the same approach is applicable to any regular penetration pattern. Stress concentration factors as well as the effective elastic constants, which can be used to describe the bending properties of the perforated plates, are then verified against both the established theoretical solutions and the results from finite element simulations. Excellent agreement to both previously published physical experiments and complex modelling is observed in all cases, with small-to-medium (up to 40%) hole-area fraction. The proposed analytical method is much simpler and computationally efficient than finite element analysis. The computed effective elastic constants are used in a finite element modal analysis to estimate the free vibration frequencies of a stiffened distillation column tray example; the first 30 vibration modes are found to be almost uniformly distributed between 25 and 70 Hz, which matches the vibration frequency range reported from plant operations.
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Stringhini, Diego José, Ricardo Sommerfeld, Lucas Caetano Uetanabaro, et al. "Resistance and Stress Finite Element Analysis of Different Types of Fixation for Mandibular Orthognathic Surgery." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 3 (2016): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600336.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress and dislodgement resistance by finite element analysis of different types of fixation in mandibular orthognathic surgery. A 3D solid finite element model of a hemi-mandible was obtained. A bilateral sagittal split osteotomy was simulated and the distal segment was advanced 5 mm forward. After the adjustment and superimposing of segments, 9 different types of osteosynthesis with 2.0 miniplates and screws were simulated: A, one 4-hole conventional straight miniplate; B, one 4-hole locking straight miniplate; C, one 4-hole conventional miniplate and one bicortical screw; D, one 4-hole locking miniplate and 1 bicortical screws; E, one 6-hole conventional straight miniplate; F, one 6-hole locking miniplate; G, two 4-hole conventional straight miniplates; H, two 4-hole locking straight miniplates; and I, 3 bicortical screws in an inverted-L pattern. In each model, forces simulating the masticatory muscles were applied. The values of stress in the plates and screws were checked. The dislodgement resistance was checked at the proximal segment since the distal segment was stable because of the screen at the occlusal tooth. The regions with the lowest and highest displacement were measured. The offset between the osteotomized segments was verified by millimeter intervals. Inverted-L with bicortical screws was the model that had the lowest dislodgment and the model with the lowest tension was the one with two conventional plates. The results suggest that the tension was better distributed in the locking miniplates, but the locking screws presented higher concentration of tension.
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Taraphdar, PK, MM Mahapatra, AK Pradhan, PK Singh, Kamal Sharma, and Suranjit Kumar. "Evaluation of through-thickness residual stresses in conventional and narrow grooved stainless steel welds." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 8 (2020): 1165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720930355.
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Thick AISI 304L stainless steel plates were welded using the gas metal arc welding process, and through-thickness residual stresses were evaluated by finite element simulation and the deep hole drilling technique. 3D moving heat source-based thermo-mechanical models were implemented to evaluate through-thickness residual stresses. The effects of the weld groove geometries and external restraints on the pattern of through-thickness residual stresses were studied. The maximum magnitude of locked-in residual stresses was recorded beneath the top surface, at a depth of around 6 mm. In comparison to conventional weld groove, the narrow weld groove configuration exhibited a 20–40% reduction in peak residual stresses. A significant rise in residual stresses was observed in constrained welds. The effect of the yield strength of the filler material on the evaluation of the through-thickness residual stress distribution in the course of finite element modeling was illustrated. The evolution of through-thickness residual stresses was also assessed concerning each weld pass.
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Hwang, Eok Chae, Ho Chul Lee, Jin Young Kim, Sung Hen Cho, Chang Ho Noh, and Ki Yong Song. "Photodefined Metal Pattern Formation and Its Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effect." Solid State Phenomena 119 (January 2007): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.119.199.
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This paper proposes a electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effect of Cu mesh patterns which were formed by a novel, low-cost, photodefined metal pattern using a bilayer thin film of amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO2) and hole-scavenger-containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Via UV-irradiation through a photomask on the bilayer film, the photodefined image of photoelectrons can be easily produced, resulting in selective palladium (Pd) catalyst deposition by reduction. In the bilayer thin film, the hole-scavenger-containing PVA layer scavenge the holes in the valence band of UV-irradiated TiO2 thin film, this retarding the recombination of the photoexcited electron-hole pairs for a few minutes. These long-surviving photoelectrons in the bilayer structure can reduce the Pd ions on only the photodefined region. Successive Ni electroless plating on Pd catalysts and Cu electroplating on an electroless plated pattern are possible. The electromagnetic interference shielding effects of selective nickel and copper mesh patterns were investigated.
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Chang, Li-Ren, Chien-Chung Chen, Seng Feng Jeng, Yu-Ray Chen, Lain-Chyr Hwang, and Ting-Sheng Lin. "Investigation of a Modified Novel Technique in Bilateral Sagittal Splitting Osteotomy Fixation: Finite Element Analysis and In Vitro Biomechanical Test." BioMed Research International 2020 (June 18, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8707389.
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Purpose. To evaluate the biomechanical properties of the modified novel 2-hole monocortical plate fixation (2HMCPf) and traditional 4-hole monocortical plate fixation (4HMCPf) techniques in bilateral sagittal splitting osteotomy (BSSO) synthesis using a finite element analysis (FEA) and an in vitro biomechanical test with the application of a shearing loading force on a sawbone mandible model. Materials and Methods. A three-dimensional mandible models were generated using the geometry obtained from the computerized tomography image of a sawbone mandible. Plates and screws were generated and combined with the mandible in a CAD environment. The 2HMCPf and traditional 4HMCPf techniques for BSSO osteosynthesis were then analyzed under the occlusal load using the FEA. An in vitro biomechanical test was executed to verify the result of FEA. The force on fixation failure and pattern of failure were recorded. Results. The results revealed that the von Mises Stress on the mandible cortical bone (75.98 MPa) and the screw/plate (457.19 MPa) of the 2HMCPf group was lower than that of the 4HMCPf group (987.68 MPa, 1781.59 MPa). The stress concentrated on the central region of the 4HMCPf group and the distal set of the 2HMCPf group. In vitro study using the sawbone mandible model showed mechanical failure at the region of the proximal segment near the osteotomy site with the 4HMCPf group (average 32.198 N) but no failure on the fixation sites with the 2HMCPf group. Instead, the mandible sawbone fractured on the condyle neck region (average 44.953 N). Conclusion. From the biomechanical perspective, we proved that the 2HMCPf method was able to withstand a higher shearing loading force than the 4HMCPf fixation method in BSSO osteosynthesis.
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Martin, A., S. F. Stiemer, and P. Osterrieder. "Ultimate load capacity of square shear plates with circular perforations." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 3 (1988): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-063.
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Working platforms and support caissons of offshore steel structures are often designed with plate boxes or plate girders. The important shear walls or shear webs must often be perforated to allow utilities, etc., to pass through. The failure mode of these large perforated shear panels is typically shear buckling, usually in the plastic range. The paperpresents results of a finite element buckling analysis with inelastic material behaviour and gives general guidelines for the ultimate capacity design of perforated shear plates. The parameters affecting the ultimate capacity of square plates with circular perforations under uniform shear stress were investigated using the incremental structural analysis program NISA83. Nonlinearities in material properties and geometry were taken into account in the calculation of ultimate capacities of each perforated shear plate.The parameters investigated in the study were hole size for a concentric hole and hole location for a constant hole size. Only single unreinforced round holes were considered. Three capacities were calculated for each variation of these parameters: the ultimate in-plane capacity, the elastic buckling capacity, and the ultimate elastic-plastic buckling capacity.In order to check the input data and to provide concise display of the results, a graphic postprocessor was developed as part of the research. The program NISPLOT uses colour graphics to generate plots of the nodes, element mesh, the deflected shape, and stress patterns of the loaded plates. The plots were reduced to black and white for this paper. Key words: girders, holes, steel, ultimate capacity, buckling.
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Flanigan, Patrick W., Aminy E. Ostfeld, Zhen Ye, Natalie G. Serrino, and Domenico Pacifici. "Quasiperiodic plasmonic concentrators for enhanced light absorption in ultra-thin film solar cells." MRS Proceedings 1493 (2013): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.156.
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ABSTRACTThis report will demonstrate broadband, wide-angle, and polarization-insensitive absorption enhancement in ultra-thin films resting on metal substrates that have been etched with arrays of shallow sub-wavelength cylindrical holes. Absorption enhancement will be studied as a function of array geometry, with particular emphasis given to quasiperiodic arrays (a class of deterministic aperiodic arrays that were originally developed to tessellate 2-D planes with regular polygons). Through simulations and experimental data, it was found that absorption enhancement is heavily dependent on the rotational symmetry of the pattern of holes, as well as the inter-hole distance.
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Bocko, Jozef, Peter Sivák, Ingrid Delyová, and Štefánia Šelestáková. "Modal Analysis of Circular Plates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 611 (August 2014): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.611.245.
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In engineering practice, some of the structural elements take the form of a thin planar plate. For such elements, it is sometimes important to consider dangerous condition of resonance. A structural element cannot operate in the range of resonant frequencies. It is therefore necessary to determine natural frequencies and normal modes of vibration of such structural elements. Parts of the paper are the results of the analysis of natural frequencies and normal modes of vibration using FEM program Cosmos. The subject of the analysis was a thin flat circular plate considered in three modifications, i.e. free thin circular plate without hole, a thin circular plate without hole, clamped on the outer periphery, a thin circular plate with a hole, clamped on the outer and inner circumference. At the same time, Chladni patterns were obtained. They were created using the Matlab system and extraction of the outputs of the Cosmos program.
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Rhee, Dong Ho, Jong Hyun Choi, and Hyung Hee Cho. "Flow and Heat (Mass) Transfer Characteristics in an Impingement/Effusion Cooling System With Crossflow." Journal of Turbomachinery 125, no. 1 (2003): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1519835.
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The present study is conducted to investigate flow and heat/mass transfer characteristics in an impingement/effusion cooling system with crossflow. To simulate the impingement/effusion cooling system, two perforated plates are placed in parallel and staggered arrangements with a gap distance of two times of the hole diameter, and initial crossflow passes between the plates. Both the injection and effusion hole diameters are 10 mm, and the Reynolds number based on the hole diameter and hole-to-hole pitch are fixed to 10,000 and six times of the hole diameter, respectively. To investigate the effect of crossflow, the flow rate of crossflow is changed from 0.5 to 2 times of that of the impinging jet, and the results of impingement/effusion cooling with crossflow are compared with those of the crossflow in the channel and of an array of impingement jets and the effusion cooling system. A naphthalene sublimation method is used to determine the local heat/mass transfer coefficients on the upward facing surface of the effusion plate. The flow patterns are calculated numerically using a commercial package. With the initial crossflow, the flow and heat/mass transfer characteristics are changed significantly from the results without the crossflow. Jet flows ejected from the injection plate are deflected by the crossflow, so that the stagnation points of the impinging jets move downstream. The heat/mass transfer rates on the effusion (target) plate decrease as the velocity of crossflow increases, since the crossflow induces the locally low transfer regions formed at the mid-way between the effusion holes. However, the impingement/effusion cooling with crossflow presents higher heat/mass transfer rates than the array jet impingement cooling with the same initial crossflow.
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FRAS, Teresa, and Norbert FADERL. "Influence of Add-On Perforated Plates on the Protective Performance of Light-Weight Armour Systems." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 9, no. 1 (2018): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7177.
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The presented experimental investigation, aimed at verification of defeat mechanisms against small-calibre projectiles, provided by 4-mm-thick perforated plates with different material- and geometrical properties, was performed. A regular pattern of punched holes in steel plates increases the possibility of asymmetrical contact between the plate and projectiles which may cause threat destabilization, rotation or fragmentation depending on the impact position. Three tested armour configurations comprise the super-bainitic high-hardness Pavise™ SBS 600P armour steel plates perforated by elongated holes of size 4 12 mm (the first configuration), the martensitic high-hardness Mars® 300P steel plates perforated by circular holes with a diameter of 5 mm (in the second configuration); and in the third configuration, the martensitic Mars® 300 plates perforated by oblong holes (4 10 mm) were used. The performed impact tests proved that the tested add-on plates assured high protection against the impact of 7.62 51 .308 Win P80 hard-core armour piercing (AP) projectiles. It was also observed that the plates caused similar mechanisms of bullet failure.
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Mali, Kiran D., and Pravin M. Singru. "Determination of the Fundamental Frequency of Perforated Rectangular Plates: Concentrated Negative Mass Approach for the Perforation." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2013 (May 30, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/972409.
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This paper is concerned with a vibration analysis of perforated rectangular plates with rectangular perforation pattern of circular holes. The study is particularly useful in the understanding of the vibration of sound absorbing screens, head plates, end covers, or supports for tube bundles typically including tube sheets and support plates used in the mechanical devices. An energy method is developed to obtain analytical frequencies of the perforated plates with clamped edge, support conditions. Perforated plate is considered as plate with uniformly distributed mass. Holes are considered as concentrated negative masses. The analytical procedure using the Galerkin method is adopted. The deflected surface of the plate is approximated by the cosine series which satisfies the boundary conditions. Finite element method (FEM) results have been used to illustrate the validity of the analytical model. The comparisons show that the analytical model predicts natural frequencies reasonably well for holes of small size.
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Kim, Myung Soo, and Tae Hyun Baek. "Measurement for In-Plane Displacement of Tensile Plates with Through-Thickness Circular Hole and Partly Through-Thickness Circular Hole by Use of Speckle Interferometry." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.77.
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Speckle interferometry with phase shifting method is used to measure in-plane displacements of a steel plate with a partly through-thickness circular hole and a steel plate with a through-thickness circular hole. The circular hole of steel plate with a partly through-thickness circular hole is cut on the rear side of the plate, so that it is not visible during experiment. The speckle noises of fringe patterns acquired by optical experiment are processed with image processing algorithm of Gaussian blur and the in-plane displacements of the two specimens are obtained by use of the processed fringe patterns. Also the in-plane displacements of the two specimens are calculated by use of ANSYS. The results of optical experiments are quite comparable to those of calculation with ANSYS.
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Abrass, C. K., and A. K. Berfield. "Phenotypic modulation of rat glomerular visceral epithelial cells by culture substratum." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 5, no. 8 (1995): 1591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v581591.
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The interaction of cells with their supporting extracellular matrix influences cellular phenotype, cellular proliferation, protein synthetic profile, and specific gene activation. To examine the ability of culture substratum to modulate the phenotype expressed by glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) in culture, GEC were grown on plastic culture plates coated with collagen gels (Type I collagen, Vitrogen) or a complex matrix from the Englebreth-Holm-Swarm tumor (Matrigel). Cultures were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On untreated plastic, GEC grew in a random pattern. Cells were flat and thin with many filamentous processes. When grown on collagen I gels, GEC grew to confluence as a tight monolayer with typical cobblestone appearance. These cells demonstrated surface microvilli and a central cilium. TEM showed an epithelial appearance with tight junctions. When plated on the surface of Matrigel, GEC formed nests of cells that gradually burrowed into the gel. Proliferation on this matrix was extremely slow. TEM demonstrated that there are surface projections that abut the matrix and that the nests of cells are hollow with a central lumen. SEM demonstrated nests of cells that formed a sphere. Surface microvilli were not as abundant as cells grown on Vitrogen, and cilia were not seen. Cells could be removed from one surface, plated onto another, and would shift phenotype to that observed for subcultures primarily plated onto that surface. Cells on each complex substrate, as well as GEC plated on tissue culture plates coated with individual matrix proteins were biosynthetically labeled with (35S)methionine. The profile and rate of protein synthesis were modified by the plating substrate. These observations demonstrate that rat GEC can be induced to display variable phenotypes in culture that are determined by the plating substrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Rhee, Dong Ho, Yong Woo Nam, and Hyung Hee Cho. "Local Heat/Mass Transfer With Various Rib Arrangements in Impingement/Effusion Cooling System With Crossflow." Journal of Turbomachinery 126, no. 4 (2004): 615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1791287.
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The present study has been conducted to investigate the effect of rib arrangements on flow and heat/mass transfer characteristics for an impingement/effusion cooling system with initial crossflow. Two perforated plates of square hole array are placed in parallel and staggered arrangements with a gap distance of 2d and the crossflow passes between the injection and effusion plates. Both the injection and effusion hole diameters d are 10 mm and Reynolds number based on the hole diameter and hole-to-hole pitch are fixed at 10,000 and 6d, respectively. Square ribs of various rib arrangements and attack angles are installed on the effusion plate. With the initial crossflow, locally low transfer regions are formed and the level of heat transfer rate become lower as flow rate of the crossflow increases because wall jets are swept and the stagnation regions are affected by crossflow. With rib turbulators, the flow and heat transfer patterns are changed because the ribs protect near-wall flows including wall jets and generate secondary flow in a duct. For M⩾1.0, the overall heat transfer is promoted when ribs are installed on the effusion surface, and higher values are obtained with smaller pitch of ribs. But, the attack angle of the rib has little influence on the average heat/mass transfer. For low blowing ratio of M=0.5, the ribs have adverse effects on heat/mass transfer. Pressure drop between the inlet and exit of the channel increases up to 20% of total loss when ribs are installed while it is only 5% of total pressure loss across the perforated plates without ribs.
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Zhang, Y. M., Z. X. Wen, H. Q. Pei, W. Y. Gan, and Z. F. Yue. "Equivalent and Simplification of Nickel-Based Superalloy Plates with Close-Packed Film Cooling Holes." Journal of Mechanics 35, no. 3 (2018): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2018.32.
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ABSTRACTThe mechanical properties of thin-walled plate with close-packed film cooling holes are studied based on the equivalent solid material concept. The equivalent principals of the method of equivalent strain energy, homogenization theory and uniform static deformation are considered. A simplification method of square penetration pattern for pitch and diagonal direction loading is presented. The goodness of fit is calculated to determine the optimal method. The tensile deformation, bending deflection, rotation displacement and maximum Mises equivalent stress of simplification plate models are in good agreement with plate models with close-packed film cooling holes. For square penetration pattern for pitch direction loading, the equivalent errors of Mises equivalent stress are all less than 10% when the ligament efficiency is more than 0.6.
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Ostoja-Starzewski, Martin. "Crack patterns in plates with randomly placed holes: A maximum entropy approach." Mechanics Research Communications 28, no. 2 (2001): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-6413(01)00162-8.
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Gómez-Lozano, V., C. Rubio, P. Candelas, F. Belmar, and A. Uris. "Geometrical isotropy in perforated plates with subwavelength holes decorated with Archimedean patterns." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 111, no. 3 (2015): 34002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/111/34002.
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Sikora, Maciej, Maciej Chęciński, Zuzanna Nowak, Kamila Chęcińska, Tomasz Olszowski, and Dariusz Chlubek. "The Use of Titanium 3D Mini-Plates in the Surgical Treatment of Fractures of the Mandibular Condyle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16 (2021): 3604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163604.
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Introduction: Fixing fractures of the base and neck of mandibular condyles is demanding due to the difficulties in surgical access and the various shapes of bone fragments. Classic fixation techniques assume the use of straight mini-plates, utilized for other craniofacial bone fractures. Three dimensional mini-plates may provide a reasonable alternative due to their ease of use and steadily improved mechanical properties. The multitude of different shapes of 3D mini-plates proves the need for their evaluation. Aim: This paper aims to summarize the clinical trials regarding the use of various types of 3D condylar mini-plates in terms of need for reoperation and the incidence of loosening and damage to the osteosynthetic material. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PICOS criteria and PRISMA protocol. The risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I and RoB 2 Cochrane protocols. The obtained data series was analyzed for correlations (Pearson’s r) respecting statistical significance (Student’s t-test p > 0.05) and visualized using OriginLab. Results: 13 clinical trials with low overall risk of bias regarding 6 shapes of 3D mini-plates were included in the synthesis. The number of reoperations correlates with the number of fixations (r = 0.53; p = 0.015) and the total number of screw holes in the mini-plate (r = −0.45; p = 0.006). There is a strong correlation between the number of loosened osteosynthetic screws and the total number of fractures treated with 3D mini-plates (r = 0.79; p = 0.001 for each study and r = 0.99; p = 0.015 for each mini-plate shape). A correlation between the percentage of lost screws and the number of distal screw holes is weak regarding individual studies (r = −0.27; p = 0.000) and strong regarding individual mini-plate shape (r = −0.82; p = 0.001). Three cases of 3D mini-plate fractures are noted, which account for 0.7% of all analyzed fixation cases. Discussion: The reasons for reoperations indicated by the authors of the analyzed articles were: mispositioning of the bone fragments, lack of bone fragment union, secondary dislocation, and hematoma. The known screw loosening factors were poor bone quality, bilateral condylar fractures, difficulties in the correct positioning of the osteosynthetic material due to the limitations of the surgical approach, fracture line pattern, including the presence of intermediate fragments, and mechanical overload. Fractures of the straight mini-plates fixing the mandibular condyles amounts for up to 16% of cases in the reference articles. Conclusions: There is no convincing data that the number of reoperations depends on the type of 3D mini-plate used. The frequency of osteosynthetic screw loosening does not seem to depend on the 3D mini-plate’s shape. Clinical fractures of 3D mini-plates are extremely rare.
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Wibowo, Dian Eksana, Hermawan Wahyu Rahmadianto, and Endaryanta Endaryanta. "Usaha Peningkatan Daya Dukung Tanah Lempung Menggunakan Layer Krikil, Anyaman Bambu dan Kombinasi Kolom-Layer Pasir." INERSIA: lNformasi dan Ekspose hasil Riset teknik SIpil dan Arsitektur 17, no. 1 (2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/inersia.v17i1.40629.
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ABSTRACT Clay soil is soil that has a low value of pressure strength and bearing capacity. The purpose of this study is using a layer of gravel, woven bamboo, and a combination of column-layer sand as an alternative to improve the carrying capacity of clay soil, then the results from the tests are compared with each other. The method in this study is experimental. The samples of soil were taken from Kalangan, Kasihan, Bantul, D.I. Yogyakarta. The foundation soil model using steel tub size 100x100x40 cm, with soil volume 100x100x30 cm. Soil loading uses steel plates that are loaded with hydraulic jacks, equipped with a proving ring as a load reader. The column-layer combination consists of 3 sand layers, 1 cm thick horizontal position and 5 cm spacing between layers. The sand column is 1 cm in diameter with a hole depth of 20 cm. The gravel layer pattern consists of 3 layers of gravel with a layer thickness of 2 cm, the distance between the layers is 5 cm. Woven bamboo pattern: 1 layer with a length of 20x20 cm. Placement of woven bamboo at a depth of 2 cm from the ground. The results of the research are; (1) The Soil is a high plasticity (CH) inorganic clay based on the USCS system, including the medium to poor clay soil group (A-7-6 (40)) based on the AASHTO system. (2) The Strengthening of gravel layer increases the ultimate bearing capacity by 2.5 times or 159.02%, while bamboo matting provides an increase in bearing capacity by 2.7 times or 170.49%, and the combination of column-layer sand by 2.2 times. or 127, 87%. (3) The reinforcement of bamboo mats provides the highest increase in bearing capacity in clay soil between the gravel layer and the combined reinforcement of the sand column and the sand layer. This shows that the use of woven bamboo is more effective as a material for strengthening clay. ABSTRAKTanah lempung adalah tanah yang mempunyai nilai kekuatan tekanan serta nilai daya dukung rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah penggunaan layer kerikil, anyaman bambu, dan kombinasi kolom-layer pasir sebagai alternatif perbaikan peningkatan daya dukung tanah lempung, kemudian hasil dari pengujian dibandingkan satu sama lain. Metode yang digunakan adalah experimen. Sampel tanah diambil dari Kalangan, Kasihan, Bantul, D.I. Yogyakarta. Pemodelan tanah pondasi menggunakan bak baja ukuran 100x100x40cm, volume tanah 100x100x30cm. Pembebanan tanah menggunakan pelat baja yang dibebani dengan dongkrak hidrolik, dilengkapi proving ring sebagai pembaca beban. Kombinasi kolom-layer pasir terdiri dari 3 lapis pasir, posisi horizontal tebal 1 cm dan jarak antar lapisan 5 cm. Kolom pasir diamter 1 cm dengan kedalaman lubang 20 cm. Pola layer kerikil terdiri 3 lapis kerikil dengan ketebalan lapisan 2 cm, jarak antar lapisan 5 cm. Pola anyaman bambu:1 lapis dengan panjang-lebar anyaman 20x20 cm. Penempatan anyaman bambu pada kedalaman 2 cm dari permukaan tanah. Hasil penelitian yaitu ; (1) Tanah merupakan tanah lempung anorganik plastisitas tinggi (CH) berdasarkan sistem USCS, termasuk kelompok tanah berlempung kualitas sedang sampai buruk (A-7-6(40)) berdasarkan sistem AASHTO. (2) Perkuatan layer kerikil meningkatkan daya dukung ultimit sebesar 2,5 kali atau 159,02 %, sedangkan anyaman bambu memberikan peningkatan daya dukung sebesar 2,7 kali atau 170,49 %, dan kombinasi kolom-layer pasir sebesar 2,2 kali atau 127, 87%. (3) Perkuatan anyaman bambu memberikan peningkatan daya dukung paling tinggi pada tanah lempung diantara bahan perkuatan layer kerikil dan perkuatan gabungan kolom pasir dan layer pasir. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan anyaman bambu lebih efektif sebagai bahan perkuatan tanah lempung.
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Akhalaia, B. Kh, Yu S. Tsench, and A. V. Mironovа. "Development and research of a pneumatic seed drill seedmetering unit." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 6 (June 25, 2021): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2021-6-8-11.
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The design of a pneumatic sowing device operating on a vacuum and sowing seeds in a combined, dotted and nesting ways with the same intervals between seeds in a row and a different sowing pattern is presented. To do this, the sowing discs are equipped with magnetic plates with different numbers of holes of different diameters for sowing row-crop seeds and forage crops.
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Charilaou, Johan, Roopam Dey, Marilize Burger, Sudesh Sivarasu, Ruan van Staden, and Stephen Roche. "Quantitative fit analysis of acromion fracture plating systems using three-dimensional reconstructed scapula fractures – A multi-observer study." SICOT-J 7 (2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2021028.
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Introduction: Surgical treatment of displaced acromial and scapula spine fractures may be challenging due to the bony anatomy and variable fracture patterns. This difficulty is accentuated by the limitations of the available scapular plates for fracture fixation. This study compares the quantitative fitting of anatomic scapular plates and clavicle plates, using three-dimensional (3D) printed fractured scapulae. Methods: Fourteen scapulae with acromion and spine fractures were used for this study. Computerized tomographic (CT) scans of the fractured scapulae were obtained from the Philips picture archiving and communication system (PACS) database of patients admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in Cape Town, South Africa between 2012 and 2016. The reconstructed scapulae were 3D printed and the anatomical acromion and clavicle plates were templated about the fracture regions. The fit assessment was performed by five observers who classified the plates as no-fit, intermediate fit, and anatomical fit according to the surgical guidelines. Results: The 6-hole anterior clavicle plate performed better than any of the scapular plates as they were able to fit 45.7% of the fractured acromion, including the spine. Among the pre-contoured anatomical scapula plates, both the short and the long acromion plates could fit only 27.3% of the fractured acromion. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.965 suggesting excellent consensus among the five observers. Conclusion: Clavicle plates were found to be better suited to fit around a scapula fracture in its acromion and spine region.
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Hwang, K. C., M. D. Xue, X. F. Wen, and G. Chen. "Stresses of Thick Perforated Plates With Reinforcement of Tubes and Their Effective Elastic Constants." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 114, no. 3 (1992): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929041.
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Based on the concept of equivalent solid plate, this paper deals with thick perforated plates with triangular or square patterns of holes reinforced by tubes. The results obtained show that the tubes connected (by welding or expanding) to the perforated plates lead to a noticeable stiffening effect which is neglected or considerably underestimated by current design codes. The stresses of tubesheets calculated based on the effective elastic constants given by this method are in better agreement with the experimental results than those based on the effective elastic constants given by current codes.
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Pascu, Adrian, Mihaela Oleksik, and Eugen Avrigean. "Experimental Method for Determining Forces at Bending of Perforated Plates." ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 69, no. 1 (2017): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucts-2017-0008.
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Abstract This paper describes the method of calculating the forces which appear at the bending of perforated plates with holes of different shapes and placed in different patterns, by means of a dynamometric table which uses resistive tensometric transducers (strain gauges). It also describes an instrument for the recording of data from the dynamometric table, a tool created with the aid of the “TestPoint” software which, beneath the data recording, ensures the filtering and statistic processing of data. The obtained results are displayed in comparative graphs for six types of perforated plates, as well as for an unperforated plate.
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Aquilina, Peter, William C. H. Parr, Uphar Chamoli, and Stephen Wroe. "Finite Element Analysis of Patient-Specific Condyle Fracture Plates: A Preliminary Study." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 8, no. 2 (2015): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1395385.
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Various patterns of internal fixation of mandibular condyle fractures have been proposed in the literature. This study investigates the stability of two patient-specific implants (PSIs) for the open reduction and internal fixation of a subcondylar fracture of the mandible. A subcondylar fracture of a mandible was simulated by a series of finite element models. These models contained approximately 1.2 million elements, were heterogeneous in bone material properties, and also modeled the muscles of mastication. Models were run assuming linear elasticity and isotropic material properties for bone. The stability and von Mises stresses of the simulated condylar fracture reduced with each of the PSIs were compared. The most stable of the plate configurations examined was PSI 1, which had comparable mechanical performance to a single 2.0 mm straight four-hole plate.
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Ismail, Al Emran, and M. A. Hassan. "Low Velocity Impact on Woven Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 629 (October 2014): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.629.503.
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This paper presents the experimental investigations on the low velocity impact response of woven kenaf fiber reinforced composites. Kenaf yarns are weaved with an orientation of 00 of warp and 900 of weft to form woven kenaf mat. Three woven kenaf mats are stacked together to achieve the specified sequences. The woven stacked kenaf mats are hardened with polymeric resin and compressed to squeeze off any excessive resin and to minimize voids content. The hardened composite plates are perforated using different impact velocities. Impact responses of the composite plates are examined according to stacking sequences, impact velocities and fragmentation patterns. According to the present results, the impact strength is strongly related with the impact velocity. If higher impact velocity is used, the performances of load bearing are reduced. It is obvious that no significant features of composite fragmentations occurred from the perforated holes. However, relatively larger area of mechanical damages is found distributed around the holes, indicating the capability of composites to absorb energy effectively.
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Nojima, Taketoshi, Ken-Ichi Sakaguchi, and Fumiko Sugiyama. "Formation of Holes in Engineering Ceramic Plates by Press-Working. Formation Patterns and Practical Applications." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 61, no. 584 (1995): 1697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.61.1697.
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Miró, José Ignacio, Adolfo Galán, and Enrique Guerado. "Dorsal Support System Fixed to Volar Plate in Distal Articular Radius Fractures." Revista Iberoamericana de Cirugía de la Mano 48, no. 01 (2020): 066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708461.
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AbstractDespite the development of new dorsal low-profile, locked plates to treat distal radius fractures with articular patterns that require a dorsal support, many published series revealed complications associated with such devices. In this paper, we present three cases of comminuted fractures and dorsal die punch fragment treated by osteosynthesis using volar plate and dorsal support screw with double washer fixed to the plate through a mini dorsal approach and, from a volar position, a cup inserted in one of the distal holes of the plate to which a screw and two 7- and 13-mm washers are threaded from the back. This technique is an alternative to other fixation methods, and it may lead to similar functional outcomes and reduce the complications associated with the use of dorsal plates to treat these fractures.
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Swoboda, Marko, Christian Beyer, Ralf Rieske, Wolfram Drescher, and Jan Richter. "Laser Assisted SiC Wafering Using COLD SPLIT." Materials Science Forum 897 (May 2017): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.897.403.
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Kerf-free wafering techniques hold the potential to drastically reduce material losses in semiconductor manufacturing processes. Spalling processes use externally applied stresses to separate crystalline materials along crystal planes with well-defined thickness. Spalled substrates, however, exhibit striations from crack propagation along the crystal, a pattern called Wallner lines. Here, we demonstrate a wafering process that scales favorably for SiC substrates starting from 1 inch in diameter. To eliminate the Wallner line pattern, we use a laser-conditioning process with high numerical aperture at photon energies below the material bandgap energy, using multi-photon effects. The process leads to SiC surfaces with a roughness after spalling of Ra< 4μm.
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Sung, James C., Shao Chung Hu, and Yen Shuo Chang. "Active Braze Coated Diamond (ABCD)." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.725.
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The thick braze alloy coating can hold diamond much firmer than thin element coatings (Ti, Cr, Si) of commercial saw diamond grits. Moreover, the braze alloy can form metallurgical bonding readily with the metal matrix of saw segments. As a result, diamond saws that employ ABCD can cut much faster and last much longer than conventional designs. ABCD can be planted in metal matrix to form three dimensional pattern, the chemical bonding of diamond and its controlled spacing can virtually eliminate diamond loss due to pullouts and diamond breakage due to excessive impact force. The greatly increased number of working crystals can extend the segment life by one order of magnitude. With the thick coating, ABCD can join together to form needles or plates that could not be possible with thinly coated diamond. The ABCD needles or plates can be planted or arranged in a metal matrix to form a three-dimensional structure. Such unique designs can greatly expand the functions of diamond saws.
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BALLANTYNE, LESLEY, XIN HUA FU, CHUN-HAT SHIH, CHUI-YU CHENG, and VOR YIU. "Pteroptyx maipo Ballantyne, a new species of bent-winged firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from Hong Kong, and its relevance to firefly biology and conservation." Zootaxa 2931, no. 1 (2011): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2931.1.2.
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Pteroptyx maipo sp. nov. is the first record of the genus Pteroptyx Olivier from mainland China and Hong Kong and represents the most northerly record for this genus. The description includes all life stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult, and covers special structures such as the female bursa plates and male copulatory clamp. Details of habitat, male courtship flash patterns and male-female courtship behaviour are described. This species is the second in the genus Pteroptyx found to use a copulatory clamp, which functions to wedge the mating pair together. A complete clamp however does not appear necessary for successful insemination. Bursa plates hold the spermatophore partially projecting into a spermatophore-digesting gland. Other functions for the plates are investigated and discussed. The deflexed elytral apex appears after eclosion in the adult male. Mechanisms for the loss of ventrite 8 in the male abdomen are explored. A list of the 30 Pteroptyx species recognised here, with habitats, some morphological characteristics and a key to species of the Oriental Pteroptyx are provided.
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Setyabudi, Irawan, and Petrus Paulus Pain Pati. "PERMUKIMAN TRADISIONAL DI KAWASAN LANSKAP PANTAI DI SENDIKI, DESA TAMBAKREJO KECAMATAN SUMBERMANJING WETAN KABUPATEN MALANG." BUANA SAINS 19, no. 1 (2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/bs.v19i1.1528.
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Traditional settlements are places that still hold customary and cultural values related to beliefs or religion that are specific or unique to a particular society. In each region of Nusantara there are various cultures, and in it there are traditional settlements as identities. This research is located in the Sendiki beach area which is a tourist attraction in the southern Malang district, precisely in the village of Tambakrejo. The problem is the diminishing public awareness in preserving the existence of settlement forms because of the current of modernization. The unique settlement pattern model in the village of Tambakrejo lined up along the road following the traditional settlement pattern of Tanean Lanjeng, because the settlements were dominated by Madura race. On the other hand because it is located in East Java, the formation of his house was also adapted to the building form of joglo. Another problem is the low public awareness in maintaining environmental quality which impacts the degradation of ecosystem quality. The aims of this research include identifying the architectural forms of houses, landscapes and traditional settlements in the village of Tambakrejo, as an effort to preserve them. The research method was conducted qualitatively by analyzing the data using Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The research thinking is adapted to the ideas of Rapoport. The stages of research start from the identification of physical, biophysical, socio-cultural and economic aspects, to the description of analysis and synthesis in settlement patterns and traditional homes. The results obtained in the form of a description of traditional settlement patterns, the formation of residential architecture and landscape patterns of settlements. The conclusions of this study include documentation of traditional architecture, landscapes and settlements as knowledge to respect the natural environment and culture of the people living.
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Walley, Kempland C., Tyler A. Gonzalez, Sreeharsha V. Nandyala, et al. "Does the Use of Locking Screws Decrease the Rate of Hardware Removal in Ankle Fractures?" Foot & Ankle Specialist 12, no. 6 (2019): 518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640018823056.
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Background. While biomechanical characteristics of locking screw fixation versus traditional plating has been studied extensively in orthopaedic literature, clinical outcome studies are lacking. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and complications rate of locking versus traditional nonlocking screws in complex ankle fractures employing distal fibula internal fixation with 1/3 semitubular small fragment plates. Methods. A retrospective review was performed between January 2010 and June 2013 of all patients in whom internal fixation of the fibula in an ankle fracture (open or closed) was performed using only 1/3 semitubular small fragment fibular plates. Patient characteristics, fracture patterns, specific screw choice that were placed in the most distal 2 fibular plate holes (either locking or nonlocking), infectious wound complications, and concomitant syndesmotic injury and the need and corresponding purpose for hardware removal were recorded. Results. A total of 135 patients were found to meet inclusion criteria and were analyzed for this study. Of the patients with locking screws, 25 of 98 (25%) elected to have hardware removed, while 13 of 37 (35%) of those with nonlocking screws elected hardware removal. This did not reach statistical significance (P = .30). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with regards to age, smoking status, body mass index, diabetes, or use of syndesmotic screw fixation. There was no significant difference in loss of fixation, infection, or other surgical complications in between the groups. Conclusions. There was no significant decrease in the rate of hardware removal with the use of 1/3 tubular locking versus nonlocking plates in the treatment of distal fibula fractures. Despite these screws locking flush to the plate, the hardware is equally symptomatic in both groups. There was no significant difference in the rate of complications between the 2 groups and our data suggest that the added expense of using locking screws routinely when fixing lateral malleolar fractures should be carefully considered, especially if the fracture pattern does not warrant locking technology. Levels of Evidence: Prognostic, Level III
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Refranisa. "The Settlement Pattern in Dusun Mantran Wetan of Magelang in the Frame of Javanese Culture." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 3, no. 2 (2019): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v3i2.67.
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Dusun Mantran Wetan is a hamlet located at the foot of Mount Andong of Magelang Regency whose majority of its inhabitants are people with Javanese-Islam acculturation background. Communal rituals of Javanese tradition are still well-preserved and practiced in certain spaces that allow a forming of a settlement pattern of the hamlet. This study aims to improve and deepen people’s scientific knowledge of settlement pattern of Dusun Wetan Mantran Magelang in the frame of Javanese culture as well as to support the effort to preserve the settlement pattern of the hamlet. An empirical approach was used in this study. The data were collected through field observations, interviews, and from a number of Javanese culture literatures. This study reports that there exist two sacred places/shrines and two communal spaces as center points where people hold their communal rituals. To conclude, well-preserved Javanese cultural symbolization established in the community determines the settlement pattern of Dusun Mantran Wetan.
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Refranisa, Refranisa. "POLA PERMUKIMAN DI DUSUN MANTRAN WETAN MAGELANG DALAM BINGKAI KEBUDAYAAN JAWA (The Settlement Pattern in Dusun Mantran Wetan of Magelang in the Frame of Javanese Culture)." ARTEKS Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 3, no. 2 (2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/artk.v3i2.165.
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Dusun Mantran Wetan is a hamlet located at the foot of Mount Andong of Magelang Regency whose majority of its inhabitants are people with Javanese-Islam acculturation background. Communal rituals of Javanese tradition are still well-preserved and practiced in certain spaces that allow a forming of a settlement pattern of the hamlet. This study aims to improve and deepen people’s scientific knowledge of settlement pattern of Dusun Wetan Mantran Magelang in the frame of Javanese culture as well as to support the effort to preserve the settlement pattern of the hamlet. An empirical approach was used in this study. The data were collected through field observations, interviews, and from a number of Javanese culture literatures. This study reports that there exist two sacred places/shrines and two communal spaces as center points where people hold their communal rituals. To conclude, well-preserved Javanese cultural symbolization established in the community determines the settlement pattern of Dusun Mantran Wetan.
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Osweiller, F. "Evolution and Synthesis of the Effective Elastic Constants Concept for the Design of Tubesheets." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 111, no. 3 (1989): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3265666.
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The simplest way to take into account the weakening effect of holes in a multiperforated plate is to replace it by an equivalent solid one with adjusted “effective elastic constants.” This paper intends to show how this concept has evolved since 1948 to the present by providing a thorough review and comparison of papers dealing with this subject. A special item is devoted to square pattern problem. Curves for calculating effective elastic constants E* and ν* are proposed which enable treatment of even perforated plates, circular or not, as solid ones for which the classical equations of elasticity apply. These curves have been adopted in the French Pressure Vessel Code (CODAP) for the design of tubesheets.
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Ando, Moritoshi, and Takefumi Inagaki. "Automatic optical inspection of plated through-holes for ultrahigh density printed wiring boards." Machine Vision and Applications 1, no. 3 (1988): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01213005.
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Southerden, Peter, and Duncan M. Barnes. "Caudal mandibular fracture repair using three-dimensional printing, presurgical plate contouring and a preformed template to aid anatomical fracture reduction." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports 4, no. 2 (2018): 205511691879887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055116918798875.
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Case summary Two cats were presented with mandibular fractures following head trauma. Following a CT scan, both were diagnosed with fractures of the ramus. The CT scans were used to print three-dimensional (3D) models of the mandibular fractures, which were used to pre-contour stainless steel mini-plates. These were fixed to the models and the screw positions used to produce a stainless steel template. The template was used as a pattern during surgery to drill holes in the ramus so that the pre-contoured mini-plates could be fixed in the exact same position as they had been on the 3D model. The fractures healed in both cats achieving normal jaw function and occlusion. Relevance and novel information Conventional techniques used to treat caudal mandibular fractures in cats, such as maxillomandibular fixation and bignathic encircling and retaining device (BEARD), are associated with significant patient morbidity and postoperative complications. Internal rigid fixation is difficult because of small bone size, requirement for considerable plate contouring and difficulty in achieving accurate anatomical reduction of caudal mandibular fractures. These are the first reported cases of mini-plate fixation of caudal mandibular fractures in cats using 3D models, pre-contouring of bone plates and the use of a template to facilitate accurate plate positioning, which may provide an alternative technique suitable for fixing caudal mandibular fractures in cats.
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Tuchman, Alexander, Alexander W. L. Turner, Melodie F. Metzger, and Frank L. Acosta. "An in Vitro Biomechanical Model of Differing Pedicle Screw Configurations for Long Construct Segmental Thoracic Fixation." Operative Neurosurgery 13, no. 6 (2017): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opx051.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The optimum pattern of pedicle screw (PS) fixation during long-segment thoracic fixation has not been determined. OBJECTIVE To evaluate rod stress and construct stability with minimal, alternating, skipped, and bilateral PS constructs in the iatrogenically destabilized thoracic spine. METHODS Eight cadaveric thoracic specimens (T3-T12) were initially tested intact to ±5 Nm using a custom 6 degree-of-freedom spine testing apparatus in flexion-extension (FE), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation. Specimens were instrumented with T4-T10 bilateral PS, with Ponte osteotomies to introduce instability. Rods were bent to fit the PS and then spines were tested with the minimal, alternating, skipped, and bilateral fixation patterns. Range of motion (ROM) was calculated from T4-T10 and segmentally. In addition, strain gauges fixed to the spinal rods measured rod stress under FE and LB. Results were compared using ANOVA and post hoc Holm Sidak tests. RESULTS All fixation patterns provided significant reductions in ROM with respect to the intact spine. In all motion planes, minimal provided the least amount of rigidity, while bilateral provide the greatest; however, no statistically significant differences were detected in FE. In LB and axial rotation, skipped, alternating, and bilateral were all significantly more rigid than minimal (P &lt; .01). Rod strains were greatest under LB and correlated with overall construct ROM, where bilateral had significantly lower strain than the other patterns (P &lt; .05). CONCLUSION All constructs effectively decreased thoracic ROM. There was significant improvement in stabilization and decreased rod stress when more fixation points beyond the minimal construct were included.
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Fu, H. M., Hai Feng Zhang, H. Wang, Ming Xing Zhang, and Zhuang Qi Hu. "Multifarious Fracture Features of CuZrAlGd(Ag) Bulk Metallic Glasses." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.47.
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Multifarious fracture features, such as coarse rive-like, micro holes, rugged and flat fracture surface, were systematically investigated in the monolithic Cu46-xZr45Al7Gd2Agx (x=0, 0.5) bulk metallic glasses. The fracture planes presented different angles with the loading direction. These fracture features were completely different from the typical fracture characteristics of amorphous alloys, i.e. vein-pattern and fracturing approximately along the maximum shear stress plane. On the other hand, some tiny strips with about 50 nm intervals were also detected on the flat fracture plane. The preliminary discussions on the formation mechanisms of these exceptional features were presented.
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Zdebska, Danuta. "Psilophyton szaferi sp. nor. from the Lower Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains. Poland." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 55, no. 3 (2014): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1986.030.
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<em>Philophyton szaferi</em> sp. nov. belonging to the <em>Trimerophytina</em> was found in the Lower Devonian (Emsian) in the bore-hole Modrzewie 2A near Bostów in the Holy Cross Mountains (Gory Świętokrzyskie). The axes are sterile and fertile. their branching is dichotomous, unequally dichotomous and unequally dochotomous where the wider branch tends to form the main axis. The majority of axes branch in one plane, some in different planes; they show on their surface irregularly distributed enations in the form of rounded swellings. Some of them continue downwards as protruding ridges forming a characteristic longitudinal pattern. The apices of sterile axes are forking. Fertile axes end in clusters of fusiform. upright sporangia, arranged in pairs. The vascular strand shows protoxylem inside and metaxylem outside. Tracheids possess scalariform thickenings and what appear to be small pits between them. The systematic position of the plant and its position in the evolutionary sequence leading to megaphyllous leaves is discussed.
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Phillips, M. L., C. Yoon, and D. H. Allen. "A Computational Model for Predicting Damage Evolution in Laminated Composite Plates." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 121, no. 4 (1999): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812399.
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A model is developed herein for predicting the evolution of interface degradation, matrix cracking, and delamination at multiple sites in laminated continuous fiber composite plates subjected to monotonic and/or cyclic mechanical loading. Due to the complicated nature of the many cracks and their interactions, a multi-scale micro-meso-local-global methodology is deployed in order to model all damage modes. Interface degradation is first modeled analytically on the microscale, and the results are homogenized to produce a cohesive zone model that is capable of predicting interface fracture. Subsequently, matrix cracking in the plies is modeled analytically on the meso-scale, and this result is homogenized to produce ply level damage dependent constitutive equations. The evolution of delaminations is considered on the local scale, and this effect is modeled using a three dimensional finite element algorithm. Results of this analysis are homogenized to produce damage dependent laminate equations. Finally, global response of the damaged plate is modeled using a plate finite element algorithm. Evolution of all three modes of damage is predicted via interfacing all four scales into a single multi-scale algorithm that is computationally tenable for use on a desktop computer. Results obtained herein suggest that this model may be capable of accurately predicting complex damage patterns such as that observed at open holes in laminated plates.
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Harner, John, Lee Cerveny, and Rebecca Gronewold. "Participatory Mapping in Browns Canyon National Monument, Colorado (USA)." Case Studies in the Environment 1, no. 1 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2017.000661.
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Natural resource managers need up-to-date information about how people interact with public lands and the meanings these places hold for use in planning and decision-making. This case study explains the use of public participatory Geographic Information System (GIS) to generate and analyze spatial patterns of the uses and values people hold for the Browns Canyon National Monument in Colorado. Participants drew on maps and answered questions at both live community meetings and online sessions to develop a series of maps showing detailed responses to different types of resource uses and landscape values. Results can be disaggregated by interaction types, different meaningful values, respondent characteristics, seasonality, or frequency of visit. The study was a test for the Bureau of Land Management and US Forest Service, who jointly manage the monument as they prepare their land management plan. If the information generated is as helpful throughout the entire planning process as initial responses seem, this protocol could become a component of the Bureau’s planning tool kit.
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Yen, Irene H., Johnna Fandel Flood, Hannah Thompson, Lynda A. Anderson, and Geoff Wong. "How Design of Places Promotes or Inhibits Mobility of Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Health 26, no. 8 (2014): 1340–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264314527610.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the environmental features that best support aging in place. Method: We conducted a realist synthesis, a theory-driven interpretive method of evidence synthesis, of 120+ articles (published 1991-2011) that attempts to explain how place may influence older adults’ decisions about mobility (e.g., physical activity). We developed an initial program theory, reviewed the literature, identified outcomes, analyzed and synthesized patterns, and created a final program theory. Results: Safety was a central mechanism, serving as one of the bridges between environmental components (e.g., connectivity, aesthetics, retail and services) and decisions about mobility. Population density, sidewalk presence, and park proximity did not emerge as key factors. Discussion: Safety considerations are one of the most prominent influences of older adults’ decisions about mobility. Street connectivity, pedestrian access and transit, and retail and services were also important. These factors are amenable to change and can help promote mobility for older adults.
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Allard, Michel, and Luc Rousseau. "The international structure of a pala and a peat plateau in the Rivière Boniface region, Québec: Interferences on the formation of ice segregation mounds." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 53, no. 3 (2002): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004760ar.
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Abstrat The internal structure of a 5.7 m high palsa was studied through a pattern of closely spaced drill holes in permafrost along two orthogonal section lines. Holes were also drilled on a 1.3 m high peat plateau along a topographic transect for comparison purposes. The morphology of the palsa closely reflects the shape of the ice-rich core heaved by the growth of thick ice lenses in thick marine clay silts of the Tyrrell Sea. During and since palsa growth, the sand and peat covering was deformed by gelifluction and sliding and was also partly eroded by overland flow and wind. Palsa growth was accompanied by the formation of numerous ice-filled fault planes in the frozen sediments. The peat plateau was heaved to a lower height through the formation of thin ice lenses in an underlying layer of sandy silt only 1.4 m thick; this sediment is believed to be of intertidal origin. Therefore, the local Quaternary geomorphological settings are at the origin of differences in morphology and size between the palsa and the peat plateau. General inferences for the development of palsas and like landforms are made from the findings of the study.
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Anovitz, L. M., L. F. Allard, W. D. Porter, et al. "Microstuctural Characterization of Water-Rich Boehmite (AlO(OH)): TEM Correlation of Apparently Divergent XRD and TGA Results." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 540–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600016020.
Full textAbstract:
An understanding of the solid-phase thermodynamics and aqueous speciation of aluminum is critical to our ability to understand and predict processes in a wide variety of geologic and industrial settings. Boehmite (AlO(OH)) is an important phase in the system Al2O3-H2O that has been the subject of a number of structural and thermodynamic studies since its initial synthesis [1] and discovery in nature [2]. Unfortunately, it has long been recognized that thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of both synthetic and natural boehmite samples (that appear well crystallized by powder XRD methods) yields significant excess water - typically losing 16-16.5 wt. % on heating as compared with a nominal expected weight loss of 15.0 wt. % [3,4]. The boehmite used in our experiments was synthesized hydrothermally from acid-washed gibbsite (Al(OH)3) at 200°C. Powder XRD and SEM examination showed no evidence of the presence a contaminant phase. The TGA patterns do not suggest that this is due to adsorbed water, so a structural source is likely. We therefore undertook to examine this material by TEM to clarify this phenomenon.Boehmite is orthorhombic (a = 0.0285nm, b = 0.1224nm and c = 0.0365nm, Amam). The crystals were tabular with major surfaces normal to <010>. Simple powder dispersals onto holey carbon films typically resulted in b-axis orientations parallel to the electron beam. To view other orientations, specimens were mulled in M-Bond epoxy, pressed between plates of single-crystal Si (aligning the boehmite tablets parallel to the Si plates) while the epoxy cured. Electron transparent thin foils normal to the silicon plates were produced by argon ion milling techniques. Sample stability in the electron beam was dramatically improved by cooling to −140°C using an 2 cold stage.