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Journal articles on the topic 'Holistic grazing management'
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1
Mann, Carolyn, and Kate Sherren. "Holistic Management and Adaptive Grazing: A Trainers’ View." Sustainability 10, no. 6 (2018): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10061848.
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Gadzirayi, C. T., E. Mutandwa, and J. F. Mupangwa. "Holistic Environmental Management in a Communal Grazing Scheme." Rangelands 29, no. 1 (2007): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-501x(2007)29[22:hemiac]2.0.co;2.
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Carter, John, Allison Jones, Mary O’Brien, Jonathan Ratner, and George Wuerthner. "Holistic Management: Misinformation on the Science of Grazed Ecosystems." International Journal of Biodiversity 2014 (April 23, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/163431.
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Over 3 billion hectares of lands worldwide are grazed by livestock, with a majority suffering degradation in ecological condition. Losses in plant productivity, biodiversity of plant and animal communities, and carbon storage are occurring as a result of livestock grazing. Holistic management (HM) has been proposed as a means of restoring degraded deserts and grasslands and reversing climate change. The fundamental approach of this system is based on frequently rotating livestock herds to mimic native ungulates reacting to predators in order to break up biological soil crusts and trample plants and soils to promote restoration. This review could find no peer-reviewed studies that show that this management approach is superior to conventional grazing systems in outcomes. Any claims of success due to HM are likely due to the management aspects of goal setting, monitoring, and adapting to meet goals, not the ecological principles embodied in HM. Ecologically, the application of HM principles of trampling and intensive foraging are as detrimental to plants, soils, water storage, and plant productivity as are conventional grazing systems. Contrary to claims made that HM will reverse climate change, the scientific evidence is that global greenhouse gas emissions are vastly larger than the capacity of worldwide grasslands and deserts to store the carbon emitted each year.
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Sherren, Kate, and Carlisle Kent. "Who's afraid of Allan Savory? Scientometric polarization on Holistic Management as competing understandings." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 34, no. 1 (2017): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170517000308.
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AbstractHow to graze livestock sustainably is an important and complex question. The debate between rotational and continuous grazing has been ongoing since the 1950s, yet evidence is perennially mixed. We used scientometrics to understand the structure of science on Holistic Management (HM), the most contentious of these adaptive practices. We used papers in Web of Science since 1980 citing the work of HM's ‘father’, Allan Savory, as a way of delineating a field that is otherwise chaotic with terminology. Results show an increasingly diverse use of Savory's work geographically and in terms of subject areas. Taking a positive position on HM seems most likely for those doing farm-scale (rather than experimental) work in dry climates. Bibliographic factions align with the various disciplines working on grazing research and also their expressed opinion on HM practices. Factions represent disciplinary strength, suggesting barriers for integrative work but also the need for the resolution of competing understandings in specific contexts with diverse participants to inform grazing decisions.
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Gregorini, Pablo, Juan J. Villalba, Pablo Chilibroste, and Frederick D. Provenza. "Grazing management: setting the table, designing the menu and influencing the diner." Animal Production Science 57, no. 7 (2017): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16637.
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Pastoral livestock-production systems are under increasing environmental, social and consumer pressures to reduce environmental impacts and to enhance biodiversity and animal welfare. At the same time, farmers face the challenge of managing grazing, which is intimately linked with profitability. Recent advances in understanding grazing patterns and nutritional ecology may help alleviate such pressures. For instance, by managing grazing to (1) manipulate links between ingestive–digestive decisions and temporal patterns of nutrient excretion, (2) provide phytochemically diverse diets at appropriate temporal (the menu) and spatial (the table) scales and (3) influence the behaviour of animals (the diners) on the basis of their specific ‘personalities’ and needs, to overcome or enhance animal differences, thereby enhancing their and farm productivity and welfare, as well as our health. Under pastoral systems, synergies between animals’ and farmers’ grazing decisions have the potential to offer greater benefits to the animal, the environment and the farm than does simple and parsimonious grazing management based on a single component of the system. In the present review, we look at grazing and its management through an alternate lens, drawing ideas and hypotheses to stimulate thinking, dialogue and discussions that we anticipate will evolve into innovative research programs and grazing strategies. To do so, we combined experimental and observational studies from a wide range of disciplines with simulation-modelling exercises. We envisage a more holistic approach to manage grazing based on recent advances in the understanding of the nutritional ecology of grazing animals, and propose management practices that may enable pastoral livestock-production systems to evolve continually as complex creative systems.
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Karmiris, Ilias, Christos Astaras, Konstantinos Ioannou, et al. "Estimating Livestock Grazing Activity in Remote Areas Using Passive Acoustic Monitoring." Information 12, no. 8 (2021): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12080290.
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Grazing has long been recognized as an effective means of modifying natural habitats and, by extension, as a wildlife and protected area management tool, in addition to the obvious economic value it has for pastoral communities. A holistic approach to grazing management requires the estimation of grazing timing, frequency, and season length, as well as the overall grazing intensity. However, traditional grazing monitoring methods require frequent field visits, which can be labor intensive and logistically demanding to implement, especially in remote areas. Questionnaire surveys of farmers are also widely used to collect information on grazing parameters, however there can be concerns regarding the reliability of the data collected. To improve the reliability of grazing data collected and decrease the required labor, we tested for the first time whether a novel combination of autonomous recording units and the semi-automated detection algorithms of livestock vocalizations could provide insight on grazing activity at the selected areas of the Greek Rhodope mountain range. Our results confirm the potential of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) techniques as a cost-efficient method for acquiring high resolution spatiotemporal data on grazing patterns. Additionally, we evaluate the three algorithms that we developed for detecting cattle, sheep/goat, and livestock bell sounds, and make them available to the broader scientific community. We conclude with suggestions on ways that acoustic monitoring can further contribute to managing legal and illegal grazing, and offer a list of priorities for related future research.
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Wagle, Pradeep, and Prasanna Gowda. "Tallgrass Prairie Responses to Management Practices and Disturbances: A Review." Agronomy 8, no. 12 (2018): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8120300.
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Adoption of better management practices is crucial to lessen the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on tallgrass prairie systems that contribute heavily for livestock production in several states of the United States. This article reviews the impacts of different common management practices and disturbances (e.g., fertilization, grazing, burning) and tallgrass prairie restoration on plant growth and development, plant species composition, water and nutrient cycles, and microbial activities in tallgrass prairie. Although nitrogen (N) fertilization increases aboveground productivity of prairie systems, several factors greatly influence the range of stimulation across sites. For example, response to N fertilization was more evident on frequently or annually burnt sites (N limiting) than infrequently burnt and unburnt sites (light limiting). Frequent burning increased density of C4 grasses and decreased plant species richness and diversity, while plant diversity was maximized under infrequent burning and grazing. Grazing increased diversity and richness of native plant species by reducing aboveground biomass of dominant grasses and increasing light availability for other species. Restored prairies showed lower levels of species richness and soil quality compared to native remnants. Infrequent burning, regular grazing, and additional inputs can promote species richness and soil quality in restored prairies. However, this literature review indicated that all prairie systems might not show similar responses to treatments as the response might be influenced by another treatment, timing of treatments, and duration of treatments (i.e., short-term vs. long-term). Thus, it is necessary to examine the long-term responses of tallgrass prairie systems to main and interacting effects of combination of management practices under diverse plant community and climatic conditions for a holistic assessment.
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Serrano, João, Shakib Shahidian, José Marques da Silva, et al. "Climate Changes Challenges to the Management of Mediterranean Montado Ecosystem: Perspectives for Use of Precision Agriculture Technologies." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020218.
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Montado is an agro-silvo-pastoral system characterized by a high complexity as a result of the interactions between climate, soil, pasture, trees, and animals. It is in this context that management decisions must be made, for example with respect to soil fertilization, grazing, or animal supplementation. In this work, the effect of the tree canopy on the spatial and temporal variability of the soil and productivity, quality, and floristic composition of the pasture was evaluated. Precision agriculture (PA) technologies for monitoring soil and pasture were also evaluated. The study was carried out between October 2015 and June 2018 in an experimental field of 2.3 ha. The results showed: (i) The positive impact of trees and animal grazing on soil fertility; (ii) the influence of inter-annual variability of precipitation on the pattern of pasture vegetative cycle; (iii) the positive effect of trees in pasture quality; (iv) the negative effect of trees in pasture productivity; (v) the role of pasture floristic composition as an indicator of soil limitations or climatic changes; (vi) the potential of technologies associated with the concept of PA as express tools to decision making support and for the optimization of the herbaceous stratum and the dynamic management of grazing in this ecosystem in a holistic and sustainable form.
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Oliva, Gabriel, Daniela Ferrante, Carla Cepeda, Gervasio Humano, and Silvina Puig. "Holistic versus continuous grazing in Patagonia: A station-scale case study of plant and animal production." Rangeland Ecology & Management 74 (January 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2020.09.006.
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Wilcox, DG, and DG Burnside. "Land Administration in the Rangelands: What for, Who for and How?" Rangeland Journal 16, no. 2 (1994): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9940298.
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The path of change in land administration practices from that which had the exploitation of pastoral resources by domestic stock as its principal objective to a position where administration is required to take a more holistic view of the management of rangelands for a wide range of uses is discussed in this paper. Although historically administration has been generally slow to react to changing operating environments, a varying degree of legislative and behavioural changes have occurred in response to a wide range of influences. These influences include: objective information on rangeland resources; complementary legislation affecting the use of these resources; new Government programs directed at improving land management; a developing awareness of the value of rangeland for purposes other than grazing domestic animals; and the economic difficulties facing the grazing industries. With major changes and uncertainties surrounding rangeland use, we suggest that administrators themselves must define their objectives clearly in terms of the needs of all land users, within a framework of sustainable land use. This work can best be done within new networks and partnerships involving the relevant agencies and groups. By defining acceptable criteria and decision rules within these structures, administrators can focus more on the quality of the process in land administration and measuring their performance, rather than regulating for their defined desirable outcome. Finally, we recognise that the evaluation of administrative performance is an area that requires urgent attention.
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Naveh, Zev. "Transdisciplinary challenges for sustainable management of mediterranean landscapes in the global information society." Landscape Online 14 (November 11, 2009): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.200914.
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The present chaotic transformation from the industrial to the global information society is accelerating the ecological, social and economic unsustainability. The rapidly growing unsustainable, fossil energy powered urbanindustrial technosphere and their detrimental impacts on nature and human well-being are threatening the solar energy powered natural and seminatural biosphere landscapes and their vital ecosystem services. A sustainability revolution is therefore urgently needed, requiring a shift from the "fossil age" to the "solar age" of a new world economy, coupled with more sustainable lifestyles and consumption patterns. The sustainable future of viable multifunctional biosphere landscapes of the Mediterranean Region and elsewhere and their biological and cultural richness can only be ensured by a post-industrial symbiosis between nature and human society. For this purpose a mindset shift of scientists and professionals from narrow disciplinarity to transdisciplinarity is necessary, dealing with holistic land use planning and management, in close cooperation with land users and stakeholders. To conserve and restore the rapidly vanishing and degrading Mediterranean uplands and highest biological ecological and cultural landscape ecodiversity, their dynamic homeorhetic flow equilibrium, has to be maintained by continuing or simulating all anthropogenic processes of grazing, browsing by wild and domesticated ungulates. Catastrophic wildfires can be prevented only by active fire and fuel management, converting highly inflammable pine forests and dense shrub thickets into floristically enriched, multi- layered open woodlands and recreation forests.
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Rodríguez-Trejo, Dante Arturo, and Peter Z. Fulé. "Fire ecology of Mexican pines and a fire management proposal." International Journal of Wildland Fire 12, no. 1 (2003): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf02040.
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Many Mexican pine ecosystems are characterized by great biological diversity and are strongly influenced by fire. We summarize fire ecology information for 35 taxa (including infraspecific taxa) in terms of nine types of fire traits: serotiny, seed germination after fire, grass stage, fast initial growth, thick bark, protected buds, self-pruning capacity, resprouting, and canopy recovery from scorch. The majority of Mexican pine species appear to be adapted to a predictable, stand-thinning fire regime. Current fire regimes are often altered from long-term historical patterns due to a combination of natural fires plus anthropogenic fires. Human-caused fires are the most common and burning practices have deep historic and socioeconomic roots. As a consequence, there are three main categories of fire conditions: (1) pine forests endangered by excessive anthropogenic fire (eventually leading to deforestation); (2) pine forests maintained by an appropriate fire regime; and (3) pine forests with insufficient fire or fire exclusion due to fire protection. For managers, conservationists, and landowners concerned with maintaining the important benefits associated with fire, such as fuel hazard reduction and nutrient cycling, different approaches are needed. While recognizing the difficult social and economic factors that foster forest degradation, we recommend basing fire management in pine forests upon a site-specific and species-specific understanding of the historical and ecological role of fire, trying to reduce excessive anthropogenic burning, maintain appropriate burning, and restore fire into fire-excluded forests. The interaction of fire with other resource uses, such as timber harvesting and livestock grazing, should also be balanced in a holistic ecosystem management approach. These changes must be made in the context of seeking alternative economic options for rural residents and by thoughtful planning to obtain as many ecological and economic benefits from fire as possible while minimizing negative impacts.
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Godber, O. F., M. Chentouf, and R. Wall. "Sustainable goat production: modelling optimal performance in extensive systems." Animal Production Science 60, no. 6 (2020): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18481.
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Context Strategies for achieving greater ruminant livestock productivity are essential to meet the food demands of growing populations, but sustainable changes are difficult to identify given the inherent complexity of such systems. Systems models can address this issue by allowing the impact of potential changes to be explored. Aims To develop a holistic systems model for goat production in an extensive Mediterranean environment which could allow changes in key management factors influencing the system to be investigated. Methods Initially, a conceptual comprehensive stock-and-flow model of a representative Mediterranean goat production system was constructed. This was used to identify informative indicators that would represent the overall technical and economic performance of the system. Sub-models were then assembled to build the full systems model. The model was parameterised with data collected over 3 years for goat holdings in northern Morocco. Scenario analysis techniques are used to explore the strategies that optimise performance under climate and feed price challenges. Key results Meat production is particularly important during periods of drought when increased meat yields can counteract the expected reduction in milk yields, to protect human food security, prevent excessive rangeland degradation and preserve natural nutritional resources. Feed price shocks during drought can have significant negative impacts on the system and zero feed input is shown to be a more sustainable strategy than reliance on high price feed during drought. Any alternative feed sources need to have a high forage component to reduce grazing periods significantly and promote rangeland preservation. Implications A diverse management strategy with a mixed meat and dairy semi-intensive production is more stable than specialised dairy systems and allows goat production and financial viability of intensification to be maintained under climatic stress; maintaining meat production was necessary to optimise performance. Conclusions The model allows improved insight into management strategies which could optimise animal husbandry performance in goat subsistence systems. However, the work also demonstrates the difficulty of constructing a truly holistic model since, to be practical, such constructs must necessarily be bounded; parameter selection and the limits to the boundaries imposed are inevitably critical.
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Price, R. J. "Research management, institutional arrangements and the quest for integration in mixed-farming innovation: the emergence of point-of-practice integration." Animal Production Science 49, no. 10 (2009): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09047.
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Modern science and contemporary research and development programs are characterised by societal, managerial and political expectation that they be integrated. For some this means paying attention to the principles of the triple bottom line; for others it is about taking a holistic approach to finding solutions to complex problems; whereas for yet others it is about maximising co-investment, partnerships and collaboration and focusing these on the problems of the day. Each of these aspirations involves integration, although in very different ways. Grain & Graze attempted to deal with all these forms. With highly specified objectives and targets dealing with economic, environmental and social outcomes, 66 partners involving three scales of governance as well as science and community collaborators, and multidisciplinary research teams working across 50 or so research projects, integration was the catchcry of Grain & Graze. At its core the program dealt with cropping and grazing farming systems, adding yet another dimension of integration to the mix. This paper explores each of the forms of integration and the institutional arrangements in Grain & Graze that either supported or limited their success. It finds that frameworks for integration are highly challenged when these several forms of integration take place simultaneously, particularly when the expectations among diverse stakeholders about integration are unclear and when there is scant expertise and experience in operating within integrated frameworks. Under such situations, point-of-practice integration becomes a critical form of integration, a form which can and should be planned for at the commencement of complex research programs involving an on-ground adoption expectation.
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Roturier, Samuel. "Sami herders’ classification system of reindeer winter pastures – A contribution to adapt forest management to reindeer herding in northern Sweden." Rangifer 31, no. 1 (2011): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.31.1.2020.
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The system for classifying vegetation types currently used in Swedish forestry has two major deficiencies when identifying reindeer winter pastures: it uses lichen cover as the sole criterion for defining them, and it ignores the possible adverse effects of snow cover. Based on ethnological field studies, this paper examines Sami reindeer herders' classification of reindeer winter pastures, and compares it to the system used by foresters at different levels of classification. At the lower level, which deals with identifying discrete entities, it is possible to find some correspondence between the representations of forest characteristics used by the Sami herders and the foresters. Reindeer herders discriminate the same factors – tree height, canopy enclosure, stem density, field-layer, bottom-layer – as forest manager, but the former use this knowledge to evaluate the effects on snow cover and ice, and thus on the accessibility of the lichen beneath. Inconsistencies appear at the second level of classification, which consists in ordering this variety of forest characteristics into a classificatory system. There is a mismatch between Sami herders and forester’s representations and classifications of pastures because Sami categories are ‘complex’, i.e. categories including many criteria that have to be combined and balanced before defining the pasture. Herders’ representation of pasture is thus holistic, rather than purely botanical. The comparison of the two classification systems demonstrates that it is impossible to define grazing quality solely in terms of lichen abundance, because of the multidimensional nature of reindeer winter pastures and consequent shifts (spatial and temporal) in its quality.
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Daigle, Courtney L. "6 Knowledge hybrid vigor: improving beef cattle management with the integration of environmental and behavioral technologies." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.022.
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Abstract Historically, technological advancements in beef production have centered on genetic selection, dietary modifications, veterinary products, and feeding strategies to optimize the rumen environment and to maximize cattle health and efficiency. While these efforts have yielded substantial welfare gains, there remains a need to develop integrative technologies that evaluate the relationships among individual animal movement, group dynamics, individual health, and overall productivity. Large scale adoption of precision agriculture is gaining momentum and presents an opportunity to objectively quantify individual animal behavior at the resolution needed and context required to evaluate welfare at the speed of commerce. Behavior monitoring, individual movement patterns and space use, multi-animal network analyses, resource monitoring systems, and algorithm refinements are needed to accelerate our ability to monitor individual animals in group settings – a critical characteristic of evaluating welfare. The combination of the data from these multiple systems and can provide valuable information to the producer regarding the 24-hour cycle of feeding patterns, rumination behavior, activity levels, water consumption, and space use. This approach would establish behavioral expectations and identify deviations from the norm. Each of these technologies contribute different, yet important, pieces of information regarding the holistic evaluation of cattle welfare. While the marketplace is competitive, synthesis of the information (e.g., feeding behavior, water intake, rumination and activity) from these different behavior monitoring systems may result in a type of “knowledge hybrid vigor” regarding our ability to evaluate animal welfare. This approach may provide producers a comprehensive evaluation of each animal – as an individual and within the group context. In the beef industry, technology-based welfare evaluation systems must be sector-specific in design (e.g., cow-calf pairing, stocker grazing behavior, rumen monitoring in feedlots). This type of welfare assessment approach requires individual animal identification; therefore, ubiquitous adoption of individual animal identification is necessary for maximizing cattle welfare.
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Barron, Luis Javier R., Aitor Andonegi, Gonzalo Gamboa, et al. "Sustainability Assessment of Pasture-Based Dairy Sheep Systems: A Multidisciplinary and Multiscale Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (2021): 3994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073994.
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This article describes a novel methodological approach for the integrated sustainability assessment of pasture-based dairy sheep systems. Most studies on livestock system sustainability focus on animal production, farm profitability, and mitigation strategies of greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent research indicates that pasture-based livestock farming also contributes positively to rural areas, and the associated increase in plant diversity promotes ecosystem functioning and services in natural and managed grasslands. Likewise, little attention has focused on how pasture-based livestock systems affect soil carbon changes, biodiversity, and ecotoxicity. Furthermore, the quality and safety of food products, particularly sheep milk and cheese, and socioeconomic issues such as cultural heritage and consumer behavior are often neglected in livestock system sustainability assessments. To improve the analysis of sustainability and adaptation strategies of livestock systems, we suggest a holistic approach that integrates indicators from diverse disciplines with complementary methods and models capable of capturing the complexity of these systems at multiple scales. A multidisciplinary perspective generates new indicators to identify critical trade-offs and synergies related to the resilience of dairy sheep livestock systems. A multiscale approach provides insights on the effects of socioeconomic and environmental changes associated with current dairy sheep grazing systems across multiple scales. The combined approach will facilitate the development and progressive implementation of novel management strategies needed to adapt pasture-based dairy sheep farms to changing conditions under future socioeconomic and environmental scenarios.
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Vlami, Vassiliki, Stamatis Zogaris, Hakan Djuma, Ioannis Kokkoris, George Kehayias, and Panayotis Dimopoulos. "A Field Method for Landscape Conservation Surveying: The Landscape Assessment Protocol (LAP)." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (2019): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072019.
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We introduce a field survey method to assess the conservation condition of landscapes. Using a popular rapid assessment format, this study defines observable “stressed states” identified through the use of general metrics to gauge landscape degradation. Fifteen metrics within six thematic categories were selected through a literature review and extensive field trials. Field tests on the Greek island of Samothraki show a strong correlation between a single expert’s scores and five assessor’s scores at 35 landscape sites. Only three of the metrics did not maintain a high consistency among assessors; however, this is explained by the difficulty of interpreting certain anthropogenic stressors (such as livestock grazing) in Mediterranean semi-natural landscapes with culturally-modified vegetation patterns. The protocol and proposed index, with five conservation condition classes, identified areas of excellent and good quality, and reliably distinguished the most degraded landscape conditions on the island. Uncertainties and difficulties of the index are investigated, and further research and validation are proposed. The protocol effectively goes beyond a traditional visual aesthetic assessment; it can be used both by experts and non-scientists as a conservation-relevant multi-disciplinary procedure to support a holistic landscape diagnosis. The combination of an on-site experiential survey and its simple integrative format may be useful as a screening-level index, and for promoting local participation, landscape literacy and educational initiatives.
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Austin, Zoë, James C. R. Smart, Steven Yearley, R. Justin Irvine, and Piran C. L. White. "Identifying conflicts and opportunities for collaboration in the management of a wildlife resource: a mixed-methods approach." Wildlife Research 37, no. 8 (2010): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10057.
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ContextThe sustainable management of many common-pool ecological resources can be strengthened through collaboration among stakeholder groups. However, the benefits of collaborative management are often not realised because of conflicts of interest among stakeholders. Effective strategies for enhancing collaborative management require an understanding of the trade-offs that managers make between different management outcomes and an understanding of the socioeconomic and location-specific differences that drive these preferences. Approaches based on quantitative or qualitative methods alone often fail to reveal some of the underlying factors inhibiting collaboration. AimsOur aim was to understand the relative importance that private-sector deer managers attach to changes in the following three outcomes of deer management: deer numbers, deer-related road-traffic accidents (RTAs) and deer impacts on conservation woodlands. MethodsWe used a mixed-methods approach, combining choice-experiment methodology with qualitative analysis of focus-group discussions from 10 study regions throughout Britain. Key resultsOur results showed that most of the private-sector stakeholders responsible for deer-management decisions at the local level would prefer to see a future with fewer deer-related RTAs but do not want to see a future with lower deer population levels. This is especially the case for those stakeholders managing for sporting purposes and those that rely on deer as a financial resource. ConclusionsThe preferences of many private-sector stakeholders responsible for deer management are at odds with those of private landowners currently experiencing economic and conservation damage from deer, and with the aims of government and non-government bodies seeking to reduce grazing and browsing damage through lower deer densities. Similar barriers to collaborative management are likely to exist in any situations where ecological resources deliver an unequal distribution of benefits and costs among stakeholders. ImplicationsOvercoming barriers to collaboration requires enhanced understanding of how different collaborative mechanisms are viewed amongst the stakeholder community and how collaborative management can be promoted. More holistic approaches to deer management, which include greater public awareness, additional road-traffic speed restrictions and appropriate fencing, or perhaps include deer-population reduction as only one of a suite of mechanisms for delivering multiple benefits from the land, are likely to gain more support from private-sector stakeholders. Mixed-methods approaches can provide an important first step in terms of both quantifying preferences in relation to the management of ecological resources and enabling detailed insights into the motivations and behaviours underlying them.
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Courault, Romain, and Marianne Cohen. "Evolution of Land Cover and Ecosystem Services in the Frame of Pastoral Functional Categories: A Case Study in Swedish Lapland." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010390.
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Ecosystem services (ES) are a key-component for sustainable management of human–environment systems, particularly in polar environments where effects of global changes are stronger. Taking local knowledge into account allows the valuation of ES experienced by stakeholders. It is the case for reindeer herders in Scandinavia, the ungulate being a keystone specie for subarctic socio-ecosystems. We adapt the ecosystem services assessment (ESA) proposed in Finland to the case study of the Gabna herders’ community (Sweden), considering its cultural, geographical, and dynamic specificities. We used Saami ecological categories over the land-use categories of the CORINE Land Cover (CLC). We reassessed ES at the scale of the Gabna community and its seasonal pastures. We studied their evolution over 2000–2018, using CLC maps and Change CLC maps. Integration of Saami ecological categories in the classification of land cover did not substantially change the land cover distributions. However, ES were greater in Saami land use compared to other CLC categories. Cultural services were higher for summer and interseasonal pastures, dedicated to the reindeer reproduction, suggesting interactions between provisioning and cultural ES. Land cover changes are mostly represented by intensive forestry (5% of winter pastures) impeding reindeer grazing activity, while other seasonal pasture landscape composition stayed comparable along time. Consequently, forest activity, and in a lesser extent glacier melting and urbanization are the main drivers of the temporal evolution of ES. In the frame of pastoral landscapes conservation, the use of local terminologies opens perspectives for a holistic approach in environmental science. It raises the importance of local stakeholders as co-researchers in nature conservation studies.
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Kropyvko, Maksym. "Classification of family forms of management in the agrarian sector of the economy of Ukraine." Economic discourse, no. 2 (June 2019): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2019-2-7.
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Introduction. Family-owned businesses operating in the agricultural sector are an integral part of agricultural production at all stages of its formation and development in almost every country in the world. Ukraine is no exception. Thus, the family forms of management during the years of collectivization and functioning of the collective farm system were presented by personal subsidiary households. The development of these forms of management is devoted to the study of many leading domestic agricultural scientists. However, there are still issues that are not well understood, many of which are debatable. In particular, further studies of the essential characteristics of family forms of business in terms of the development of small forms of commodity production, the correlation of business and entrepreneurship, the identification of concepts and the definition of criteria for typing of subjects of agricultural economic structure, the assessment of economic potential for ownership and size, formation of land and property-economic relations, etc. deserve attention in the theoretical and methodological aspects. Methods. The methodological and theoretical basis of the article is the legislation of foreign countries, the work of domestic and foreign scientists, as well as the results of their own research. The article uses the dialectical method of cognition and systematic approach, as well as the techniques of abstract and logical method, namely: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy and comparison. Results. On the basis of the systematization of the provisions of the theory of social psychology and management, using a sectoral approach to isolate certain components from a holistic system, the relationship of the activities of family forms of economy with human needs is considered, the cause and effect nature of meeting human needs and the role of family forms of economy in meeting the needs of households. Discussion. Classification of peasant forms of management should be made depending on the levels of marketability, land use purpose and ownership. According to these approaches, family forms of business are divided into commodity, small commodity and non-commodity farms, and depending on the purpose and ownership, land plots of family farms should be classified as: estates, which are jointly owned by all family members; for running a family farm or in the form of a private individual entrepreneur belonging to one family member; for the conduct of private peasant farms belonging to individual family members on private property; for gardening and individual cottages belonging to one of the family members for the right of use; for the cultivation of horticulture and mowing, which are temporarily allocated for the right of use from the lands of communal property; for grazing livestock used as a public pasture owned by a rural community; leased or transferred to the household for free use of other land for agricultural purposes. Keywords: economic forms, marketability, purpose, ownership, human needs, family farms, personal, peasant farms, subsistence farming.
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Gadzirayi, C. T., E. Mutandwa, and J. F. Mupangwa. "Holistic Environmental Management in a Communal Grazing Scheme: From isolation to consolidation." Rangelands 29, no. 1 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_rangelands_v29i1_gadzirayi2.
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L. Stanley, Paige. "A Holistic Approach To Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Grazing Management Systems For Beef Production." Science Trends, April 25, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31988/scitrends.16258.
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Lalampaa, Priscilla K., Oliver V. Wasonga, Daniel I. Rubenstein, and Jesse T. Njoka. "Effects of holistic grazing management on milk production, weight gain, and visitation to grazing areas by livestock and wildlife in Laikipia County, Kenya." Ecological Processes 5, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13717-016-0061-5.
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Brown, Cate, Alison Joubert, Toriso Tlou, et al. "The Pongola Floodplain, South Africa – Part 2: Holistic environmental flows assessment." Water SA 44, no. 4 October (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v44i4.22.
Full textAbstract:
A holistic environmental flows (EFlows) assessment, undertaken as part of Ecological Reserve determination studies for selected surface water, groundwater, estuaries and wetlands in the Usuthu/Mhlatuze Water Management Area, South Africa, led to recommendations for modified releases from the Jozini Dam to support the socially, economically and ecologically important Pongola Floodplain situated downstream of the dam. The EFlows study analysed various permutations of flow releases from the dam based on the recommendations of pre-dam studies, and augmented by more recent observations, inputs from farmers and fishermen who live adjacent to the floodplain and discussion with the operators of Jozini Dam. The EFlows method used, DRIFT, allowed for the incorporation of detailed information, data and recommendations from a decades-old research project on the Pongola Floodplain that was undertaken prior to the construction of the Jozini Dam into a modern-day decision-making framework. This was used to assess the impact of a series of different flow releases on nature and society downstream of the dam. It was concluded that, within historic volumetric allocations to the floodplain, a release regime could be designed that considerably aided traditional fishing and grazing without necessarily prejudicing other uses, such as agriculture.
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Munita, Maria Pia, Rosemary Rea, Ana Maria Martinez-Ibeas, et al. "Liver fluke in Irish sheep: prevalence and associations with management practices and co-infection with rumen fluke." Parasites & Vectors 12, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3779-y.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The present study aimed to identify the national prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in Irish sheep and to conduct a risk analysis assessment based on management and treatment practices in participating flocks. Also, co-infection with rumen fluke was quantified and its association with liver fluke and management practices was assessed. Methods A total of 305 sheep flocks were selected ensuring even national representation of the sheep population. Participating farms were asked to complete a survey questionnaire on farm management practices and submit faecal samples during the winter of 2014–2015. Pooled faecal samples were analysed for the presence of F. hepatica and co-infection with rumen fluke. Apparent and true prevalence were calculated, additionally, the rate of co-infection with rumen fluke was also obtained. Correlation and regression analyses were used for assessing associations between management practices, liver fluke infection and co-infection with rumen fluke. Results The national true prevalence of F. hepatica was 50.4% (n = 305). Regional prevalence varied from 41% in the east to 52% in the south. Co-infection with rumen fluke was observed in 40% of the studied population and correlated with increased F. hepatica egg counts (OR = 2.9; P ≤ 0.001). Predominant breeds were Suffolk, Texel and Horned Mountain breeds. Beef cattle were the most frequent type of other livestock present on farms and mixed species grazing was frequently reported (73%). More than half of the flocks reported a mid-to-late lambing period (March-April). Use of mountain land for grazing was of 32%. Flukicides were most commonly used twice over the autumn-winter period. Regression analyses highlighted significant association of F. hepatica status, with the presence of other livestock on farm, frequency of flukicides used during the winter and clinical presentation of liver fluke. A significant increase in eggs per gram of faeces was observed in Charollais sheep in comparison with all other breeds. Co-infection with F. hepatica and Calicophoron daubneyi was also significantly associated with the presence of other livestock on the farm, type of flukicide used and clinical fasciolosis. Conclusions The present study provides up-to-date information on the prevalence of F. hepatica in Irish sheep and adds insight to the epidemiology of the disease. These findings will be useful for designing new holistic control measures for F. hepatica infection.