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Journal articles on the topic 'Hollow sandcrete block'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Quadri, Ajibola Ibrahim, and Lawrence Irobekhian Ijesoh. "Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of Some Selected Sandcrete Hollow Blocks in Kogi State." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 11 (2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.11.526.

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The current wave of the collapse of building structure all over Nigeria necessitates the need to carry out research on the mechanical properties of sandcrete hollow blocks. This study looks into the quality of blocks produced by block industries in Kogi state, Nigeria to ascertain its water absorption ratio, compressive strength and sieve analysis. In order to clarify these problems, the study is directed towards testing the strength properties of commercially produced sandcrete blocks; to verify whether the sandcrete block can be improved to achieve good quality in the building industries. A

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Quadri, Ajibola Ibrahim, and Lawrence Irobekhian Ijesoh. "Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of Some Selected Sandcrete Hollow Blocks in Kogi State." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 2, no. 11 (2017): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2017.2.11.526.

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The current wave of the collapse of building structure all over Nigeria necessitates the need to carry out research on the mechanical properties of sandcrete hollow blocks. This study looks into the quality of blocks produced by block industries in Kogi state, Nigeria to ascertain its water absorption ratio, compressive strength and sieve analysis. In order to clarify these problems, the study is directed towards testing the strength properties of commercially produced sandcrete blocks; to verify whether the sandcrete block can be improved to achieve good quality in the building industries. A

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3

Olaniyi, Alake, and Abolude Abiodun. "Assessment of Compressive Strength of Hollow Sandcrete Block Produced in Akure Ondo State." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, no. 2 (2024): 944–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).83.

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This study aimed at evaluating the properties of sandcrete hollow blocks produced by block industries in Ondo State. The study focused on assessing the compressive strength, water absorption, and dimensional properties of sandcrete blocks obtained from five different producers. The blocks samples were collected from each producer and subjected to compressive strength, water absorption, and dimensional analysis. Also sieve analysis and specific gravity tests were conducted on the sand samples to determine their suitability for block production. The results of these tests indicated that the fine

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Olofinnade, Oluwarotimi Michael, Iyinoluwa E. E. Davies, and Ifeoma W. Egwuonwu. "Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Wastes in Production of Hollow Sandcrete Blocks for Sustainable Construction." Solid State Phenomena 318 (May 2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.318.49.

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This study investigates the suitability of crushed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste, which is a non-biodegradable generated waste as a substitute material for natural sand in the production of hollow sandcrete blocks for sustainable infrastructure. The physical properties of the natural sand and crushed PET aggregate materials used in the batching mixtures which include; specific gravity, water absorption, bulk density and particle size distribution were determined. While the mechanical properties; density, compressive strength, and the water absorption of the produced hollow sandcrete b

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Alake, Olaniyi, and Abiodun Abolude. "Assessment of Compressive Strength of Hollow Sandcrete Block Produced in Akure Ondo State." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, no. 2 (2024): 944–52. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).83.

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This study aimed at evaluating the properties of sandcrete hollow blocks produced by block industries in Ondo State. The study focused on assessing the compressive strength, water absorption, and dimensional properties of sandcrete blocks obtained from five different producers. The blocks samples were collected from each producer and subjected to compressive strength, water absorption, and dimensional analysis. Also sieve analysis and specific gravity tests were conducted on the sand samples to determine their suitability for block production. The results of these tests indicated that the fine

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6

Olofinnade, Oluwarotimi M., Joshua U. Anwulidiunor, Kunle E. Ogundipe, and David A. Ajimalofin. "Recycling of Periwinkle Shell Waste as Partial Substitute for Sand and Stone Dust in Lightweight Hollow Sandcrete Blocks towards Environmental Sustainability." Materials 16, no. 5 (2023): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051853.

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Global consumption of nonrenewable natural aggregate for construction activities is now becoming a significant concern. Reusing agricultural or marine-based wastes could offer a promising alternative to achieve natural aggregate conservation and a pollution-free environment. This study investigated the suitability of using crushed periwinkle shell (CPWS) as a reliable constituent material for sand and stone dust in producing hollow sandcrete blocks. The CPWS was used to partially substitute river sand and stone dust at 5, 10, 15 and 20% in sandcrete block mixes using a constant water–cement ra

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7

F., A. Olutoge. "Effects of Glass Wool Fibre on the Strength Properties of Hollow Sandcrete Block." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 21, no. 3 (2017): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/33142.

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Blocks are widely used in construction industry for both load and non-load bearing walls, blocks are of different forms and shapes and the most common is hollow sandcrete blocks. Glass wool fibre is an industrial waste product which can be turned to a useful material in the construction industry. The effect of glass wool fibre on the strength properties of hollow sandcrete blocks was investigated. Sieve analysis was done on the sand used. The batching of the materials were done by weight and the mix ratio used was 1:8 with an average water-cement ratio of 0.5. Block samples of 150×225×450 mm (

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8

Adeyokunnu, A. T., F.O. Adeyemi, and L.A. Afolabi. "Rheological Study on Strength Characteristics of Sandcrete Hollow Block Admixed with Oil Palm Stem Ash." Engineering and Technology Journal 07, no. 09 (2022): 1497–503. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7100555.

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The study investigated the use of oil palm stem ash as partial replacement of OPC for sandcrete hollow block production which ranges from 0 to 25% (at 5% interval). Ninety six (96) sandcrete blocks were cast using 1:6 as mix ratio of cement: sand with 0.45 water cement ratio. The compressive strength, density, porosity and abrasion test were carried-out on sandcrete block were tested at curing age 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The oil palm stem ash was analysed for chemical composition of (SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) in which the summation is 75.3%. i

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9

Ayodele, Elijah, Adeleye O. AKINMUSIRE, Samuel O. WILLIAMS, et al. "A Study of The Quality of Cement Sand Mix in Sandcrete Block Moulding in Ondo State Nigeria." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 1 (2021): 552–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.81.9620.

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This study determined the quality of the mix ratio of sand and cement in sandcrete block in Ondo State of Nigeria. This involved the determination of number of headpans of sand that are mixed with one headpan of cement and the ratio of cement sand mix in sandcrete blocks produced in Ondo State. This study was carried out through interview of labourers at the 90 spots of block moulding in Ondo State. Thirty spots were taken each of the three senatorial districts in Ondo State. The study showed the cement sand mix ratio to be 1:11. This implies that there is 83% increase of sand in the mix above

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10

Awodiji, Awodiji, C. T. G, Arimanwa JI, and Sule S. "Utilization of Quarry Dust and Sludge in Sandcrete Block Production." Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 4 (2022): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjet.2022.v07i04.003.

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This paper illustrates the hypothetical study conducted when using quarry dust (QD) and sludge in producing 225mm x 225mm x 450mm hollow sandcrete blocks. QD and wastewater treatment sludge (WWTS) were used to replace river sand at 10%, 20% and 30%. Proportions of 50%QD:50%WWTS and 75%QD:25%WWTS were considered for a standard cement to sand combination of 1:6. Water-cement ratio (w/c) was increased as the percentage replacement increased. Specimens were produced and cured via sprinkling for 28 days. They were subjected to compression and water absorption tests. Mix A2 having 75%QD:25%WWTS at 0

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11

Akor, J.A, Y.D Amartey, S.P Ejeh, and L.A Onjefu. "Suitability of Crushed Sandcrete Block (Csb) as Fine Aggregate for Masonry Works." International Journal of Engineering Research & Science 7, no. 12 (2021): 09–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5809748.

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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong>—</strong> <em>This paper focuses on the prospects of recycled broken sand Crete hollow blocks as fine aggregate for masonry works. Sandcrete hollow blocks were taken from dealers in Zaria and tested for density, water absorption, dimension tolerances, drying shrinkage, wetting expansion and compressive strength as compared to hand moulded blocks which were moulded in the laboratory to NIS 87(2004) specification. Density ranges from 1797.37Kg/m<sup>3</sup> – 1974.00Kg/m<sup>3</sup>, water absorption ranges from 5.38% - 10.38%, dry

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12

Olaniyan, Sule Adeniyi. "ADOBE BRICKS TO HOLLOW SANDCRETE BLOCK WALLING IN TROPICAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION: MATERIAL IMPACT ON SUSTAINABLE INDOOR THERMAL COMFORT ATTAINMENT." Architecture and Engineering 8, no. 4 (2023): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2023-8-4-68-81.

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Introduction: Tropical climate is characterized by high temperature, the consequence of which induces indoor thermal discomfort. This is attributed to high solar gains through various elements of the building envelope, including windows, walls, and roof among others. However, in an attempt to optimize indoor thermal comfort with minimal or no recourse to mechanical installations, this study explores the roles of the walling fabrics by comparing varying thermo-physical properties of two identified masonry units in the study area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria (adobe bricks and hollow sandcrete blocks), w

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13

Alutu, O. E., and M. O. Ihimekpen. "Utilization of Calcite and Calcite-Cement in the Stabilization of Laterites for Low-Cost Hollow Blocks." Advanced Materials Research 18-19 (June 2007): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.27.

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This paper examines the production of calcite and calcite-cement stabilized laterite hollow blocks as low-cost masonry units. First, is the production of laterite hollow blocks solely stabilized with finely ground limestone or calcite followed by the production of laterite hollow blocks stabilized with calcite-cement composite. Laterite was sourced from three locations: Asoro, Evbuotubu and Ugbowo. Blocks were produced using a specially constructed machine with percentages of calcite and calcite-cement content varying from 4% to 16% respectively at compactive pressures of 10.32 and 13.75N/mm2.

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14

Auyo, Hassan, Stephen Ejeh, Adamu Lawan, and Ibrahim Aliyu. "EFFECT OF MIX RATIO AND CURING ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SANDCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 30, no. 3 (2023): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/nje.2023.30.03.07.

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ABSTRACT The standards of the materials used in a building’s construction greatly influence its strength and durability. In Nigeria, hollow sandcrete block is the most common material used in buildings. This study evaluates the effect of the water-cement ratio and then the aggregate-cement ratio (mix ratio) on the compressive strength and density of hollow sandcrete blocks of size 9" (225 X 225 X 245mm). Six water–cement ratios (0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55 and 0.60) and five mix ratios (1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9 and 1:10) were used and the compressive strength and density of the blocks were determin

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15

Olutoge, F. "Effects of Glass Wool Fibre on the Strength Properties of Hollow Sandcrete Block." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 21, no. 3 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/33142.

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16

Anifowose, Mukaila Abiola, and Akeem Ayinde Raheem. "Review on Application of Rice Husk Ash for Production of Hollow Sandcrete Blocks: Towards Sustainable Construction." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 72 (December 26, 2024): 97–116. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-zqj5yl.

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The search for cement substitutes will significantly lower building costs and contribute to a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from cement production. In mortar and concrete, rice husk ash (RHA) has been extensively researched as a partial cement substitute. The improper usage and disposal of recyclables (rice husk and RHA) produced during rice production is one of the main issues that negatively impact the rice industry. One way to address this is by incorporating waste into construction materials. In this study, past research on sandcrete blocks was reviewed to ascertain the suitable use

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17

Duna, Samson, and Fwangmun B.Wamyil. "Effect of Acidic Environment on Hollow Sandcrete Blocks." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 47, no. 7 (2017): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v47p266.

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18

Alutu, O. E., and A. Omorogie. "The Influence of Vibration Time and Sand Type on the Compressive Strength of Sandcrete Hollow Blocks." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.24.

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The purpose of this study is to see if varying the vibration time and sand type during moulding of blocks would affect the strength of the blocks. To this end, seven types of sands: Okhuahie and Ovia river sands; Okhuahie, Ovia, Ikpoba flood and Okhoro erosion sands were collected for the study. A total of 315 blocks each in 150mm and 225mm sizes with cement to sand ratios of 1:6 were made using the seven brands of sand. The blocks were vibrated for 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 seconds and tested for compressive strength at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days respectively. The result showed that the relatio

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19

Kumar, Dhiraj, and Mr Rajneesh. "Compressive Strength of Blocks Made of Hollow Sandcrete Using Portland Limestone Cement and Rabbish." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (2022): 836–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46757.

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Abstract: As we know that construction is a very important and basic part of development. In today’s scenario, every developing country is more focused on developing its infrastructure. we should be aesthetically beautiful, durable and Economical also. especially, India which is a developing nation is going through lots of infrastructure development and needs durable and also economical construction materials especially sand, cement, and concrete. so, in this project, more focus is on making the construction cheaper and more affordable to all classes of society. so, in this, we have used rabbi

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20

Davies, I. E. E., and O. M. Olofinnade. "Suitability of using post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate wastes in cement-based hollow sandcrete blocks." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1036, no. 1 (2021): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1036/1/012046.

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21

Sojobi, A. O., T. F. Awolusi, G. B. Aina, O. L. Oke, M. Oladokun, and D. O. Oguntayo. "Ternary and quaternary blends as partial replacement of cement to produce hollow sandcrete blocks." Heliyon 7, no. 6 (2021): e07227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07227.

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22

Agunwamba, JC, JC Ezeokonkwo, and ME Onyia. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HOLLOW SANDCRETE BLOCKS WITH DIFFERENT CAVITIES ARRANGEMENT." Nigerian Journal of Technology 35, no. 2 (2016): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v35i2.3.

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23

Adebakin, I., and A. Adeyemi. "Uses of sawdust as admixture in production of lowcost and light-weight hollow sandcrete blocks." American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 3, no. 6 (2012): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5251/ajsir.2012.3.6.458.463.

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24

Edun, Bose Mosunmola, Oluseyi Olanrewaju Ajayi, Sunday Adeniran Afolalu, Samuel Obinna Nwankwo, and Atinuke Afolabi Fajugbagbe. "Recycling of animal bone as partial replacement for coarse aggregate in lightweight hollow sandcrete blocks." E3S Web of Conferences 430 (2023): 01219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001219.

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Animal bone waste (ABW) is hazardous to the environment and necessitates a sizable area for disposal. This study aims to employ animal bone waste (ABW) in functionalised compact concrete as a partial substitution for cementitious materials, the source of which are both unswerving and appropriate for substitute preventive solutions promotes the industry’s ecological sustainability by minimizing and reducing the negative impact of the concrete industry due to the explosive usage of raw materials. As a result, this paper examines the impact of using crushed animal bones as coarse aggregates in pl

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25

C., Nwadike Ethelbert, Chiemela Chijioke, Chukwudi Prince E., and Onyewuchi Chibueze M. "Strength Property Of Sandcrete Hollow Blocks Produced With Sludge As A Partial Replacement For River Sand." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 12, no. 5 (2022): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.12.05.2022.p12532.

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26

Arasa, Fredrick Onyancha, Richard Onchiri, and Zachary C. Abiero-Gariy. "Experimental Investigation on the Compressive Strength and Durability Performance of Modified Dry-Stack Hollow Sandcrete Blocks." OALib 08, no. 12 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108216.

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27

Agunwamba, JC, JC Ezeokonkwo, ME Onyia, E. Ojiogu, and A. Amadou. "THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF STRESSES DISTRIBUTIONS IN HOLLOW SANDCRETE BLOCKS DUE TO VARIATION OF CAVITY SIZES AND NUMBER WEB THICKNESS." Nigerian Journal of Technology 35, no. 2 (2016): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v35i2.4.

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28

M., Abdullahi, Sadiku S., S. Mohammed Bashar, and I. Aguwa J. "Quality Assessment of Hollow Sandcrete Blocks in Minna, Nigeria." August 1, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1108787.

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The properties of hollow sandcrete blocks produced in Minna, Nigeria are presented. Sandcrete block is made of cement, water and sand binded together in certain mix proportions. For the purpose of this work, fifty (50) commercial sandcrete block industries were visited in Minna, Nigeria to obtain block samples and aggregates used for the manufacture, and to take inventory of the mix composition and the production process. Sieve analysis tests were conduction on the soil sample from various block industries to ascertain their quality to be used for block making. The mix ratios were also investi

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29

Akanbi, Toyin Y., Joy A. Waziri, and David I. Brown. "Properties Assessment and Application of Regression analysis on the compressive strength of Hollow Sandcrete Blocks." FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 4 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v7i4.908.

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The study focuses on the properties assessment and application of regression analysis on the compressive strength of hollow sandcrete blocks. A total of ten (10) block producers were visited and fine aggregates used in the production of sandcrete block collected, a total number of 10 blocks per producer was collected with a curing period of 7 days and transported to the laboratory of civil and environmental engineering, Air force institute of technology Kaduna, where it was further cured for an additional period of 7 days making it a total curing period of 14 days. The test carried out on the

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30

Salman, A. M., M. A. Akinpelu, A. Abdulrasaq, and A. I. Raheem. "Impact of Waste Foundry Sand as a Partial Substitute for Sharp Sand on Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Hollow Sandcrete Block." LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies 9, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/2202.90.0120.

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The need for habitable and affordable shelter cannot be overemphasized but the high cost of components of shelter such as hollow sandcrete blocks, bricks etc. posed a challenge to our ability to access affordable and habitable shelter. Utilization of already discarded waste foundry sand (WFS) as eco-friendly construction material for production of hollow sandcrete blocks, will save cost and preserve our environment. In this study, impact of locally available waste foundry sand as partial substitute for sharp sand in production of hollow sandcrete blocks was investigated. Sharp sand was partial

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31

Olagunju, O. S., and A. A. Raheem. "Effects of Hollow Sizes on the Properties of Sandcrete Blocks." Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences 7, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/1202.70.0260.

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Two-cell hollow sandcrete blocks constitute the dominant wall construction material for modern shelter in many African countries, especially Nigeria. The hollow cavities in the block have adverse effect on its mechanical characteristics. This study investigated the effects of hollow sizes on the properties of sandcrete blocks. Sandcrete blocks of size 225 × 225 × 450 mm with varying hollow sizes of 175 × 187.5, 173 ×190 and 180 × 210 mm and web thickness 25, 35 and 15 mm respectively; were produced using cement: sand ratio of 1:12. The blocks were tested for compressive strength, density and w

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32

Kazeem, K. Adewole, M. Ayininula Gbenga., O. Ajagbe Wasiu, and Akinade Olabisi. "Effect of the Portland-Limestone Cement Grades on the Compressive Strength of Hollow Sandcrete Blocks." June 1, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1093770.

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The commercial sandcrete block makers in Nigeria use the same cement-sand mix ratio for sandcrete blocks production irrespective of the cement grade. Investigation revealed that the compressive strengths of hollow sandcrete blocks produced with Portland-limestone cement grade 42.5 are higher than the sandcrete blocks produced with cement grade 32.5. The use of stronger sandcrete blocks produced with cement grade 42.5 will ensure the construction of stronger buildings and other sandcrete blocks-based infrastructures and reduce the incessant failure of building and other sandcrete blocks-based i

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33

Muhammed, Adamu, Clement Oluwole Folorunso, and Gabriel Fadairo. "Assessment of sandcrete hollow blocks’ thermal performance as a walling material for tropical buildings in Lokoja, Nigeria." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, March 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-07-2021-0096.

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PurposeUnderstanding the thermal performance of sandcrete hollow block walls in the tropic is very essential for occupants' well-being, productivity and efficiency, due to its widespread application in buildings in the study area. Lokoja, in Nigeria, lies in the warm humid zone with its attendant's high temperatures all year round. Thus, providing an acceptable walling material that will control the high indoor air temperature becomes imperative. This paper assessed sandcrete hollow blocks as a walling material used in Lokoja, to determine the thermal performances for effective thermal comfort

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34

A. T., Adeyokunnu,. "Rheological Study on Strength Characteristics of Sandcrete Hollow Block Admixed with Oil Palm Stem Ash." Engineering and Technology Journal 07, no. 09 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/etj/v7i9.10.

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The study investigated the use of oil palm stem ash as partial replacement of OPC for sandcrete hollow block production which ranges from 0 to 25% (at 5% interval). Ninety six (96) sandcrete blocks were cast using 1:6 as mix ratio of cement: sand with 0.45 water cement ratio. The compressive strength, density, porosity and abrasion test were carried-out on sandcrete block were tested at curing age 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The oil palm stem ash was analysed for chemical composition of (SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3) in which the summation is 75.3%. it was observed that compressive strength and bulk densi

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35

"GUINEA CORN HUSK ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN HOLLOW SANDCRETE BLOCK PRODCTION." International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering & Research 5, no. 6 (2018): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21884/ijmter.2018.5163.xljyk.

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36

Wilson, U. N., H. I. Aliyu, S. O. Odeyemi, O. Adediji, A. O. Durosinlorun, and P. Abubakar. "Quality evaluation of sandcrete blocks produced in selected local government areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Technology 43, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v43i4.3.

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Nigeria has witnessed problems in the construction industry such as the collapse of buildings which is a consequence of the use of substandard materials in building construction, poor supervision, negligence to standard code of practice, poor maintenance culture, and faulty design amongst others. Quality assurance and quality control are highly imperative to take cognisance of while examining building companies. This research examined the quality of nine-inch hollow concrete blocks produced using machine moulding in Kaduna Metropolis, which includes Kaduna North, Kaduna South, parts of Igabi,

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37

Obiora, C. O., I. S. Ezennia, C. B. N. Bert-Okonkwo, and O. E. Chukwuemerie. "An Assessment of Causative Factors of Building Collapse using Physical Analysis Tests: The Case of Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, January 5, 2022, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2022/v22i117512.

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Incessant building collapses in Anambra State Nigeria is posing serious challenges to all the stakeholders in the building industry - building consultants, governments, developers, landlords and users. This has evoked great concern to all key players of the building industry. Thus, this study assessed the causative factors of building collapses in one of the cases, a collapsed uncompleted 3-story building which was reported in Oko town, Anambra State, Nigeria. A qualitative methodology involving subsoil and geotechnical investigation and also destructive testing of collapsed structural element

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38

Shittu, Sheriff Adekola. "The Effects of Coarse Sand on Sandcrete Blocks." July 15, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8149845.

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The construction industry in developing countries faces challenges due to high costs of building materials, often imported. Nigeria, where construction costs are high, is increasingly aware of the need for local materials for functional but low-cost dwellings. Sandcrete hollow blocks, a common walling material in Nigeria, are made from a mixture of river sand, cement, and water. However, the strength of some sandcrete blocks has been found to be below recommended standards, resulting in expensive repair works and reconstructions. Several low-cost materials have been identified as strategies to

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39

Oyebisi, Solomon. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CORNCOB ASH-BASED LATERITIC INTERLOCKING AND SANDCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS." International Journal of GEOMATE 15, no. 51 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.21660/2018.51.45918.

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