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Journal articles on the topic 'Holocène – Europe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Auffray, Jean-Christophe, Jacques Cassaing, and Serge Legendre. "Anthropisation et biosphère : impact de l'homme sur la guilde des souris et les communautés de mammifères en Europe au Pléistocène et Holocène." Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 88, no. 4 (1991): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1991.9468.

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2

Buczkó, Krisztina, and Enikő Magyari. "The Holocene diatom flora of Lake Saint Anna (Eastern Carpathians, Europe)." Algological Studies 124 (July 1, 2007): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2007/0124-0001.

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3

Castel, Ilona, Eduard Koster, and Rudolf Slotboom. "Morphogenetic aspects and age of Late Holocene eolian drift sands in Northwest Europe." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 33, no. 1 (April 5, 1989): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/33/1989/1.

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4

Allen, Judy R. M., Antony J. Long, Chris J. Ottley, D. Graham Pearson, and Brian Huntley. "Holocene climate variability in northernmost Europe." Quaternary Science Reviews 26, no. 9-10 (May 2007): 1432–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.02.009.

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5

Forestier, Hubert, Michel Grenet, Antony Borel, and Vincenzo Celiberti. "Les productions lithiques de l’Archipel indonésien." Journal of Lithic Studies 4, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 231–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.v4i2.2544.

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Proposer une synthèse sur la préhistoire d’un archipel et de ses assemblages lithiques n’est pas chose facile, d’une part à cause de l’immensité de l’espace concerné mesurant 2 millions de km2, d’autre part du fait que la notion de Paléolithique y est difficilement applicable et notamment celles de « Paléolithique supérieur » ou d’Epipaléolithique-Mésolithique établies en Eurasie occidentale. L’Indonésie et ses myriades d’îles et îlots (environ 18000) s’inscrivent dans un rectangle 5000 km sur 2000 km de part et d’autre de l’équateur ce qui en fait le plus grand archipel du monde. Cette aire géographique immense s’étirant sur un espace maritime d’environ 6 millions de km2, ne nous permet pas aujourd’hui de traiter exhaustivement l’ensemble des groupes industriels, des faciès ou des cultures préhistoriques, c’est pour cela que nous aborderons les principaux. L’Indonésie occupe une place privilégiée pour l’histoire des hommes fossiles qui la rend incontournable dans les connaissances de la variabilité des comportements des hominidés en contexte intertropical. Cette contribution a pour objectif de dresser un bilan critique et objectif des différentes méthodes de taille rencontrées depuis 1 million d’années sur les principales îles à partir d’une sélection de sites dont la stratigraphie est bien établie et bien datée. Rares sont les technocomplexes bien définis avant l’Holocène, période où l’insularité de cette aire géographique s’est fixée avec la remontée marine marquant progressivement le début de l’histoire des archipels insulindiens. Parmi ceux-ci nous citerons le « Toalien » à Sulawesi (faciès à pointes), le « Sampungien » (faciès à pointes) et les industries sur éclats de Song Keplek ou « Keplekien » (débitage orthogonal) dans l’Est de l’île de Java. Hormis ces trois traditions techniques qui restent individualisables sur un plan typo-technologique, il n’y a pas dans l’ensemble du matériel rencontré, de faciès différentiables associés à une dénomination d’outils spécifiques. En règle générale, les industries lithiques du Pléistocène supérieur et de l’Holocène indonésien répondent à une production basique d’éclats et d’outils sur éclats avec de multiples variantes régionales. Le mode de débitage est très largement à la pierre dure, non Levallois, rarement Discoïde, non lamino-lamellaire tel qu’on peut le rencontrer en Europe de l’Ouest ou au Proche et Moyen-Orient. Contrairement à l’Asie du Sud-Est continentale où il est encore plus difficile de discerner un Paléolithique ancien, moyen et récent du fait de la continuité d’industries toutes réalisées sur galet (Hoabinhien et autres), l’Indonésie qui devient insulaire à la marge du Pléistocène et de l’Holocène propose une hétérogénéité des assemblages lithiques sans précédent. C’est-à-dire une diversité dans les modalités de production lithique selon différentes chaînes opératoires de façonnage (galet, pointe de type de Sampung, biface...) ou de débitage (discoïde, orthogonal et laminaire). Le but de cet article est donc de présenter de façon synthétique les principaux ensembles lithiques de l’Archipel indonésien à partir d’une sélection d’îles sur lesquelles des assemblages lithiques ont pu être correctement documentés. Nous nous intéresserons ainsi aux îles de Sumatra, de Java, de Kalimantan (Bornéo), de Sulawesi, et à quelques autres plus orientales qui, comme Timor et Flores, ont, ces dernières années, livré des découvertes de premier plan en paléoanthropologie et en préhistoire. Par commodité, nous avons été obligés de procéder à des coupures régionales et chronologiques (Pléistocène ancien-moyen et Pléistocène supérieur final-Holocène ancien) qui permettent d’exposer au mieux cette synthèse sur des assemblages lithiques qui n’ont pas tous fait l’objet d’études technologiques approfondies au sens où nous pouvons l’entendre en Europe avec l’utilisation du concept de chaîne opératoire.

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6

Goudie, A. S., H. A. Viles, and A. Pentecost. "The late-Holocene tufa decline in Europe." Holocene 3, no. 2 (June 1993): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968369300300211.

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7

Robson, Harry K. "The early settlement of Northern Europe." Antiquity 93, no. 367 (February 2019): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.264.

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This three-volume publication presents an up-to-date overview on the human colonisation of Northern Europe across the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in Scandinavia, the Eastern Baltic and Great Britain. Volume 1, Ecology of early settlement in Northern Europe, is a collection of 17 articles focusing on subsistence strategies and technologies, ecology and resource availability and demography in relation to different ecological niches. It is structured according to three geographic regions, the Skagerrak-Kattegat, the Baltic Region and the North Sea/Norwegian Sea, while its temporal focus is Late Glacial and Postglacial archaeology, c. 11000–5000 cal BC. These regions are particularly interesting given the long research history, which goes back as far as the nineteenth century (see Gron & Rowley-Conwy 2018), and the numerous environmental changes that have taken place throughout the Holocene: the presence of ice until c. 7500 cal BC, isostatic rebound alongside sea-level rise and the formation of the Baltic Sea, all of which have contributed to the preservation of outstanding archaeology.

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8

Kern, Zoltán, Attila Demény, Aurel Perşoiu, and István Gábor Hatvani. "Speleothem Records from the Eastern Part of Europe and Turkey—Discussion on Stable Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes." Quaternary 2, no. 3 (September 18, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat2030031.

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The region comprising of East Central Europe, South East Europe and Turkey contributed to the SISAL (Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and AnaLysis) global database with stable carbon and oxygen isotope time-series from 18 speleothems from 14 caves. The currently available oldest record from the studied region is the ABA-2 flowstone record (Abaliget Cave; Hungary) reaching back to MIS 6. The temporal distribution of the compiled 18 records from the region points out a ~20 kyr-long period, centering around 100 ka BP, lacking speleothem stable isotope data. The regional subset of SISAL_v1 records displays a continuous coverage for the past ~90 kyr for both δ13C and δ18O, with a mean temporal resolution of ~12 yr for the Holocene, and >50 yr for the pre-Holocene period. The highest temporal resolution both for the Holocene and the pre-Holocene was achieved in the So-1 record (Sofular Cave; Turkey). The relationship between modern day precipitation δ18O (amount weighted annual and winter season mean values; 1961–2017) and climatological parameters was evaluated. The strong positive correlation found in East Central Europe reinforces the link between modern day precipitation δ18O, temperature and large-scale circulation (North Atlantic Oscillation) expected to be preserved in the speleothem δ18O record; while a negative relationship was documented between precipitation amount and oxygen isotope compositions in South East Europe. Variations of δ13C values are primarily interpreted as reflecting dry/wet periods across the region. Elevation gradients from three non-overlapping periods of the last ~5 kyr indicated elevation gradients around −0.26‰ per 100 m−1 for calcite δ18O.

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9

Affolter, Stéphane, Anamaria Häuselmann, Dominik Fleitmann, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, and Markus Leuenberger. "Central Europe temperature constrained by speleothem fluid inclusion water isotopes over the past 14,000 years." Science Advances 5, no. 6 (June 2019): eaav3809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3809.

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The reasons for the early Holocene temperature discrepancy between northern hemispheric model simulations and paleoclimate reconstructions—known as the Holocene temperature conundrum—remain unclear. Using hydrogen isotopes of fluid inclusion water extracted from stalagmites from the Milandre Cave in Switzerland, we established a mid-latitude European mean annual temperature reconstruction for the past 14,000 years. Our Milandre Cave fluid inclusion temperature record (MC-FIT) resembles Greenland and Mediterranean sea surface temperature trends but differs from recent reconstructions obtained from biogenic proxies and climate models. The water isotopes are further synchronized with tropical precipitation records, stressing the Northern Hemisphere signature. Our results support the existence of a European Holocene Thermal Maximum and data-model temperature discrepancies. Moreover, data-data comparison reveals a significant latitudinal temperature gradient within Europe. Last, the MC-FIT record suggests that seasonal biases in the proxies are not the primary cause of the Holocene temperature conundrum.

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10

Ponomarev, D. V., Kolfschoten van, and der van. "Late Glacial and Holocene micromammals of northeastern Europe." Russian Journal of Theriology 11, no. 2 (December 27, 2012): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.11.2.02.

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11

Zimmermann, Andreas. "Cultural cycles in Central Europe during the Holocene." Quaternary International 274 (October 2012): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.05.014.

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12

HYVARINEN, HANNU. "Holocene vegetation dynamics in Europe at continental scale." Boreas 13, no. 4 (June 28, 2008): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1984.tb00952.x.

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13

Long, D., A. G. Dawson, and D. E. Smith. "Tsunami risk in northwestern Europe: a Holocene example." Terra Nova 1, no. 6 (November 1989): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1989.tb00429.x.

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14

Seppä, H., A. E. Bjune, R. J. Telford, H. J. B. Birks, and S. Veski. "Last nine-thousand years of temperature variability in Northern Europe." Climate of the Past 5, no. 3 (September 18, 2009): 523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-523-2009.

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Abstract. The threat of future global warming has generated a major interest in quantifying past climate variability on centennial and millennial time-scales. However, palaeoclimatological records are often noisy and arguments about past variability are only possible if they are based on reproducible features in several reliably dated datasets. Here we focus on the last 9000 years, explore the results of 36 Holocene pollen-based July mean and annual mean temperature reconstructions from Northern Europe by stacking them to create summary curves, and compare them with a high-resolution, summary chironomid-based temperature record and other independent palaeoclimate records. The stacked records show that the "Holocene Thermal Maximum" in the region dates to 8000 to 4800 cal yr BP and that the "8.2 event" and the "Little Ice Age" at 500–100 cal yr BP are the clearest cold episodes during the Holocene. In addition, a more detailed analysis of the last 5000 years pinpoints centennial-scale climate variability with cold anomalies at 3800–3000 and 500–100 cal yr BP, a long, warmer period around 2000 cal yr BP, and a marked warming since the mid 19th century. The colder (warmer) anomalies are associated with increased (decreased) humidity over the northern European mainland, consistent with the modern high correlation between cold (warm) and humid (dry) modes of summer weather in the region. A comparison with the key proxy records reflecting the main forcing factors does not support the hypothesis that solar variability is the cause of the late-Holocene centennial-scale temperature changes. We suggest that the reconstructed anomalies are typical of Northern Europe and their occurrence may be related to the oceanic and atmospheric circulation variability in the North Atlantic – North-European region.

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15

Seppä, H., A. E. Bjune, R. J. Telford, H. J. B. Birks, and S. Veski. "Last nine-thousand years of temperature variability in Northern Europe." Climate of the Past Discussions 5, no. 3 (May 27, 2009): 1521–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-5-1521-2009.

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Abstract. The threat of future global warming has generated a major interest in quantifying past climate variability on centennial and millennial time-scales. However, palaeoclimatological records are often noisy and arguments about past variability are only possible if they are based on reproducible features in several reliably dated datasets. Here we focus on the last 9000 years, explore the results of 35 Holocene pollen-based July mean and annual mean temperature reconstructions from Northern Europe by stacking them to create summary curves, and compare them with a high-resolution, summary chironomid-based temperature record and other independent palaeoclimate records. The stacked records show that the "Holocene Thermal Maximum" in the region dates to 8000 to 4800 cal yr BP and that the "8.2 event" and the "Little Ice Age" at 500–100 cal yr BP are the clearest cold episodes during the Holocene. In addition, a more detailed analysis of the last 5000 years pinpoints centennial-scale climate variability with cold anomalies at 3800–3000 and 500–100 cal yr BP, a long, warmer period around 2000 cal yr BP, and a marked warming since the mid 19th century. The colder (warmer) anomalies are associated with increased (decreased) humidity over the Northern European mainland, consistent with the modern high correlation between cold (warm) and humid (dry) modes of summer weather in the region. A comparison with the key proxy records reflecting the main forcing factors does not support the hypothesis that solar variability is the cause of the late-Holocene centennial-scale temperature changes. We suggest that the reconstructed anomalies are typical of Northern Europe and their occurrence may be related to the oceanic and atmospheric circulation variability in the North Atlantic–North-European region.

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16

Clemmensen, Lars B., Aslaug C. Glad, Kristian W. T. Hansen, and Andrew S. Murray. "Episodes of aeolian sand movement on a large spit system (Skagen Odde, Denmark) and North Atlantic storminess during the Little Ice Age." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 63 (April 24, 2015): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2015-63-03.

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Late Holocene coastal dune successions in north-western Europe contain evidence of episodic aeolian sand movement in the recent past. If previous periods of increased sand movement can be dated sufficiently precisely and placed in a correct cultural and geomorphological context, they may add to our understanding of storminess variation and climate change in the North Atlantic during the later part of the Holocene.

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17

Souto, Castro, García-Rodeja, and Pontevedra-Pombal. "The Use of Plant Macrofossils for Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions in Southern European Peatlands." Quaternary 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat2040034.

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The analysis of plant macrofossils in peatland ecosystems has been widely used for the climatic and ecological reconstruction of the Holocene in the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere. By contrast, perhaps associated with rarity of these ecosystems, this proxy has barely been explored for southern Europe. In this work, a compilation and review of existing knowledge on the study of plant macrofossils of peatlands in southern Europe has been carried out, both from a paleoenvironmental perspective and in terms of biodiversity dynamics. Although small in surface area, the peatlands of southern Europe stand out for their diversity (botanical, edaphogenic, morphological, etc.), which has allowed the recovery of a large number of macrofossils from both vascular plants and bryophytes. The southern zone of Europe contains refuge zones with a high plant diversity that have not suffered the intense glaciation of the northern zones, this allows a continuous record since the beginning of the Holocene and the detection of climatic events in lower latitudes, where the ice recession was earlier.

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18

Feurdean, Angelica, Boris Vannière, Walter Finsinger, Dan Warren, Simon C. Connor, Matthew Forrest, Johan Liakka, et al. "Fire hazard modulation by long-term dynamics in land cover and dominant forest type in eastern and central Europe." Biogeosciences 17, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1213-2020.

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Abstract. Wildfire occurrence is influenced by climate, vegetation and human activities. A key challenge for understanding the risk of fires is quantifying the mediating effect of vegetation on fire regimes. Here, we explore the relative importance of Holocene land cover, land use, dominant functional forest type, and climate dynamics on biomass burning in temperate and boreo-nemoral regions of central and eastern Europe over the past 12 kyr. We used an extensive data set of Holocene pollen and sedimentary charcoal records, in combination with climate simulations and statistical modelling. Biomass burning was highest during the early Holocene and lowest during the mid-Holocene in all three ecoregions (Atlantic, continental and boreo-nemoral) but was more spatially variable over the past 3–4 kyr. Although climate explained a significant variance in biomass burning during the early Holocene, tree cover was consistently the highest predictor of past biomass burning over the past 8 kyr. In temperate forests, biomass burning was high at ∼45 % tree cover and decreased to a minimum at between 60 % and 70 % tree cover. In needleleaf-dominated forests, biomass burning was highest at ∼ 60 %–65 % tree cover and steeply declined at >65 % tree cover. Biomass burning also increased when arable lands and grasslands reached ∼ 15 %–20 %, although this relationship was variable depending on land use practice via ignition sources, fuel type and quantities. Higher tree cover reduced the amount of solar radiation reaching the forest floor and could provide moister, more wind-protected microclimates underneath canopies, thereby decreasing fuel flammability. Tree cover at which biomass burning increased appears to be driven by warmer and drier summer conditions during the early Holocene and by increasing human influence on land cover during the late Holocene. We suggest that long-term fire hazard may be effectively reduced through land cover management, given that land cover has controlled fire regimes under the dynamic climates of the Holocene.

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19

Hercman, Helena, Michał Gąsiorowski, Jacek Pawlak, Marcin Błaszczyk, Michał Gradziński, Šárka Matoušková, Paweł Zawidzki, and Pavel Bella. "Atmospheric circulation and the differentiation of precipitation sources during the Holocene inferred from five stalagmite records from Demänová Cave System (Central Europe)." Holocene 30, no. 6 (February 12, 2020): 834–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620902224.

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Five stalagmites from the Demänová Cave System (DCS, Western Carpathians, Slovakia), spanning the period from 13,000 to 500 a BP, were analyzed for their oxygen and carbon stable isotopic composition of the calcite. The isotopic data obtained from several stalagmites located in one cave system allow us to separate the changes of regional/global importance from the local changes. Oxygen isotope ratios point to dynamic changes in the environment at the onset of the Holocene. Despite the local differences, carbon isotope data express the gradual and steady development of vegetation on the surface above the cave from the beginning of the Holocene until 6,000 a BP. The oxygen isotope values in the DCS stalagmites are higher than that derived from the Rayleigh distillation model until approximately 9,000 a BP, suggesting (1) an increase in the isotopic gradient to the east of Europe, probably caused by a different seasonality in precipitation amount or (2) different sources of meteoric water, transported from the Mediterranean and Black Sea region, in Central and Eastern Europe compared to the Western, circum-Atlantic part of the continent. The younger part of the DCS records falls in the range described by the model and points to the increasing role of the westerlies in the determination of the climatic conditions of Central Europe during middle- and late-Holocene.

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20

Magny, Michel, Urs Leuzinger, Sigmar Bortenschlager, and Jean Nicolas Haas. "Tripartite climate reversal in Central Europe 5600–5300 years ago." Quaternary Research 65, no. 1 (January 2006): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.06.009.

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AbstractThe history of variations in water level of Lake Constance, as reconstructed from sediment and pollen analysis of a sediment sequence from the archaeological site of Arbon-Bleiche 3, shows an abrupt rise in lake level dendrochronologically dated to 5375 yr ago (5320 yr relative to AD 1950). This event, paralleled by the destruction of the Neolithic village by fire, provoked the abandonment of this prehistoric lake-shore location established in the former shallow bay of Arbon-Bleiche, and was the last of a series of three episodes of successively higher lake level, the first occurring at 5600–5500 cal yr B.P. The dendrochronologically dated rise event was synchronous with an abrupt increase in atmospheric 14C. This supports the hypothesis of an abrupt climate change forced by varying solar activity. Moreover, the three successive episodes of higher lake level between 5600 and 5300 cal yr B.P. at Arbon-Bleiche 3 coincided with climatic cooling and/or changes in moisture conditions in various regions of both hemispheres. This period corresponds to the mid-Holocene climate transition (onset of the Neoglaciation) and suggests inter-hemispheric linkages for the climate variations recorded at Arbon-Bleiche 3. This mid-Holocene climate reversal may have resulted from complex interactions between changes in orbital forcing, ocean circulation and solar activity. Finally, despite different seasonal hydrological regimes, the similarities between lake-level records from Lake Constance and from Jurassian lakes over the mid-Holocene period point to time scale as a crucial factor in considering the possible impact of climate change on environments.

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21

Kaplan, Jed O. "Integrated modeling of Holocene land cover change in Europe." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.530.

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22

Magri, Donatella. "Some questions on the late-Holocene vegetation of Europe." Holocene 5, no. 3 (September 1995): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968369500500312.

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23

Waller, Richard. "Holocene book review: Iceland (Classic Geology in Europe 3)." Holocene 25, no. 4 (March 2, 2015): 727–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683615569111.

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24

Roman, Dídac, Célia Fat Cheung, and Mathieu Langlais. "Cultures of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Western Europe." Quaternary International 564 (October 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.039.

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25

Clark, Geoffrey A. "A Mesolithic Tapestry—Holocene Europe Prior to the Neolithic." Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 4, no. 2 (October 14, 2009): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564890903083541.

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26

Emeis, Kay-Christian, and Alastair G. Dawson. "Holocene palaeoclimate records over Europe and the North Atlantic." Holocene 13, no. 3 (April 2003): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683603hl622ed.

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27

Harrison, Sandy P., I. Colin Prentice, and Joël Guiot. "Climatic controls on Holocene lake-level changes in Europe." Climate Dynamics 8, no. 4 (March 1993): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00207965.

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28

Dubatolov, Vladimir, and Oleg Kosterin. "Nemoral species of Lepidoptera (Insecta) in Siberia: a novel view on their history and the timing of their range disjunctions." Entomologica Fennica 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84061.

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Distributions in Siberia of nemorallepidopteran species, trophically or cenotically tied to broad-leaved (nemoral) forests or their phytocenotic derivates, display seven main types of range: Amphipalaearctic; Europe – West-Siberia – Far-East disjunctive; East-Europe – Altai – Far-East disjunctive; Altai – Far-East disjunctive; South-Siberia – Far-East; Transbaikalia – Far-East; Europe- Transuralia. An eastern origin can be traced for most of these species, with the exception of the last-mentioned type. According to palynological data, a continuous belt of broad-leaved forests was re-established during the Quaternary in North Eurasia at least twice: at the beginning of the Late Pleistocene and in the Middle Holocene. During the former the range of oak, as well as the fauna connected with it, was continuous through the Palaearctic. There is no reliable evidence for refuges of nemoral flora and fauna in Siberia during the last glaciation. We assume that the period since the Late Pleistocene (Kazantseva) Optimum (about 100,000-110,000 years) was sufficient for taxonomic divergence to species rank of western and eastern Palaearctic populations of Lepidoptera. During the Holocene climatic optimum the lepidopteran nemoral fauna could expand into a transpalaearctic distribution as a consequence of westward migration of eastern species due to an earlier optimum of broad-leaved forests in the eastern parts of Asia than in West Siberia and Eastern Europe. Disjunctive types of nemoral species range may have resulted from depletion of the forests with broad-leaved trees in Central Siberia during the Sub boreal period of the Holocene. Thus, they should not be dated to the late Pliocene - early Pleistocene, as was done earlier.

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29

Andersson, C., F. S. R. Pausata, E. Jansen, B. Risebrobakken, and R. J. Telford. "Holocene trends in the foraminifer record from the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean." Climate of the Past Discussions 5, no. 4 (July 30, 2009): 2081–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-5-2081-2009.

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Abstract. The early to mid-Holocene thermal optimum is a well-known feature in a wide variety of paleoclimate archives from the Northern Hemisphere. Reconstructed summer temperature anomalies from across northern Europe show a clear maximum around 6 ka. For the marine realm, Holocene trends in sea-surface temperature reconstructions for the North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea do not exhibit a consistent pattern of early to mid-Holocene warmth. Sea-surface temperature records based on alkenones and diatoms generally show the existence of a warm early to mid-Holocene optimum. In contrast, several foraminifer and radiolarian based temperature records from the North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea show a cool mid-Holocene anomaly and a trend towards warmer temperatures in the late Holocene. In this paper, we revisit the foraminifer record from the Vøring Plateau in the Norwegian Sea. We also compare this record with published foraminifer based temperature reconstructions from the North Atlantic and with modelled (CCSM3) upper ocean temperatures. Model results indicate that while the seasonal summer warming of the sea-surface was stronger during the mid-Holocene, sub-surface depths experienced a cooling. This hydrographic setting can explain the discrepancies between the Holocene trends exhibited by phytoplankton and zooplankton based temperature proxy records.

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30

Andersson, C., F. S. R. Pausata, E. Jansen, B. Risebrobakken, and R. J. Telford. "Holocene trends in the foraminifer record from the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean." Climate of the Past 6, no. 2 (March 30, 2010): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-179-2010.

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Abstract. The early to mid-Holocene thermal optimum is a well-known feature in a wide variety of paleoclimate archives from the Northern Hemisphere. Reconstructed summer temperature anomalies from across northern Europe show a clear maximum around 6000 years before present (6 ka). For the marine realm, Holocene trends in sea-surface temperature reconstructions for the North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea do not exhibit a consistent pattern of early to mid-Holocene warmth. Sea-surface temperature records based on alkenones and diatoms generally show the existence of a warm early to mid-Holocene optimum. In contrast, several foraminifer and radiolarian based temperature records from the North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea show a cool mid-Holocene anomaly and a trend towards warmer temperatures in the late Holocene. In this paper, we revisit the foraminifer record from the Vøring Plateau in the Norwegian Sea. We also compare this record with published foraminifer based temperature reconstructions from the North Atlantic and with modelled (CCSM3) upper ocean temperatures. Model results indicate that while the seasonal summer warming of the sea-surface was stronger during the mid-Holocene, sub-surface depths experienced a cooling. This hydrographic setting can explain the discrepancies between the Holocene trends exhibited by phytoplankton and zooplankton based temperature proxy records.

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Pandolfi, Luca, Carmelo Petronio, and Leonardo Salari. "Bos primigenius Bojanus, 1827 from the Early Late Pleistocene Deposit of Avetrana (Southern Italy) and the Variation in Size of the Species in Southern Europe: Preliminary Report." Journal of Geological Research 2011 (June 22, 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/245408.

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Very abundant remains of Bos primigenius have been recovered in the early Late Pleistocene site of Avetrana (southern Italy). The site is characterized by a karst filling originated from a series of almost coeval depositional events. This discovery represents a rare record in the early Late Pleistocene of southern Europe. Biometrical analysis of the metapodial bones of aurochs from Avetrana gave the cue to examine the evolutive trend of the species in southern Europe, from the Middle Pleistocene to Holocene. This trend is characterized by an increase in size of the metapodial bones from Middle Pleistocene to early Late Pleistocene and to a decrease in size of the same during the late Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Also, the variations in size are competed by change in shape of the metapodial bones. These variations seem to be related with climatic fluctuations and competitions with Homo and Bison. At least, five evolutive stages are recognized; they constitute an important tool for the biochronological correlations among the Pleistocene sites of southern Europe.

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32

Fischer, N., and J. Jungclaus. "Effects of orbital forcing on atmosphere and ocean heat transports in Holocene and Eemian climate simulations with a comprehensive Earth system model." Climate of the Past Discussions 5, no. 5 (October 13, 2009): 2311–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-5-2311-2009.

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Abstract. Orbital forcing does not only exert direct insolation effects but also alters climate indirectly through feedback mechanisms that modify atmosphere and ocean dynamics and meridional heat and moisture transfers. We investigate the regional effects of these changes by detailed analysis of atmosphere and ocean circulation and heat transports in a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice-biosphere general circulation model (ECHAM5/JSBACH/MPI-OM). We perform long term quasi equilibrium simulations under pre-industrial, mid-Holocene (6000 years before present – yBP), and Eemian (125 000 yBP) orbital boundary conditions. Compared to pre-industrial climate, Eemian and Holocene temperatures show generally warmer conditions at higher and cooler conditions at lower latitudes. Changes in sea-ice cover, ocean heat transports, and atmospheric circulation patterns lead to pronounced regional heterogeneity. Over Europe, the warming is most pronounced over the north-eastern part in accordance with recent reconstructions for the Holocene. We attribute this warming to enhanced ocean circulation in the Nordic Seas and enhanced ocean-atmosphere heat flux over the Barents Shelf in conduction with retreat of sea ice and intensified winter storm tracks over northern Europe.

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Deininger, Michael, Martin Werner, and Frank McDermott. "North Atlantic Oscillation controls on oxygen and hydrogen isotope gradients in winter precipitation across Europe; implications for palaeoclimate studies." Climate of the Past 12, no. 11 (November 28, 2016): 2127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2127-2016.

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Abstract. Winter (October to March) precipitation δ18OP and δDP values in central Europe correlate with the winter North Atlantic Oscillation index (wNAOi), but the causal mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we analyse the relationships between precipitation-weighted δ18OP and δDP datasets (δ18Opw and δDpw) from European GNIP and ANIP stations and the wNAOi, with a focus on isotope gradients. We demonstrate that longitudinal δ18Opw and δDpw gradients across Europe (“continental effect”) depend on the wNAOi state, with steeper gradients associated with more negative wNAOi states. Changing gradients reflect a combination of air temperature and variable amounts of precipitable water as a function of the wNAOi. The relationships between the wNAOi, δ18Opw and δDpw can provide additional information from palaeoclimate archives such as European speleothems that primarily record winter δ18Opw. Comparisons between present-day and past European longitudinal δ18O gradients inferred from Holocene speleothems suggest that atmospheric pressure configurations akin to negative wNAO modes dominated the early Holocene, whereas patterns resembling positive wNAO modes were more common in the late Holocene, possibly caused by persistent shifts in the relative locations of the Azores High and the Icelandic Low.

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Fischer, N., and J. H. Jungclaus. "Effects of orbital forcing on atmosphere and ocean heat transports in Holocene and Eemian climate simulations with a comprehensive Earth system model." Climate of the Past 6, no. 2 (March 25, 2010): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-155-2010.

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Abstract. Orbital forcing does not only exert direct insolation effects, but also alters climate indirectly through feedback mechanisms that modify atmosphere and ocean dynamics and meridional heat and moisture transfers. We investigate the regional effects of these changes by detailed analysis of atmosphere and ocean circulation and heat transports in a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice-biosphere general circulation model (ECHAM5/JSBACH/MPI-OM). We perform long term quasi equilibrium simulations under pre-industrial, mid-Holocene (6000 years before present – yBP), and Eemian (125 000 yBP) orbital boundary conditions. Compared to pre-industrial climate, Eemian and Holocene temperatures show generally warmer conditions at higher and cooler conditions at lower latitudes. Changes in sea-ice cover, ocean heat transports, and atmospheric circulation patterns lead to pronounced regional heterogeneity. Over Europe, the warming is most pronounced over the north-eastern part in accordance with recent reconstructions for the Holocene. We attribute this warming to enhanced ocean circulation in the Nordic Seas and enhanced ocean-atmosphere heat flux over the Barents Shelf in conduction with retreat of sea ice and intensified winter storm tracks over northern Europe.

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Pató, Zsuzsanna Anna, Tibor Standovár, Mariusz Gałka, Gusztáv Jakab, Mihály Molnár, Ferenc Szmorad, and Enikő Magyari. "Exposure matters: Forest dynamics reveal an early Holocene conifer refugium on a north facing slope in Central Europe." Holocene 30, no. 12 (August 20, 2020): 1833–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620950452.

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Although several studies provide a broad overview of vegetation changes in the Carpathian Basin during the Holocene, stand-scale vegetation changes are lesser known because of the rarity of suitable sampling sites. In this study we investigated the sediment of a small closed-canopy site (Nagy-forrás forest hollow, 685 m a.s.l., 0.1 ha), located in the Mátra Mountains, on the north facing slope of Kékes (1014 m a.s.l.). We carried out detailed pollen, conifer stomata and plant macrofossil analyses, as well as radiocarbon dating to examine Late Glacial and Holocene dynamics of vegetation development. The site dates back to ca. 15,500 cal yr BP, when open boreal forests and wet tundra-like habitats occurred around the hollow. Closed forest cover developed around 14,600 cal yr BP, when a boreal European larch-Swiss stone pine ( Larix decidua-Pinus cembra) forest surrounded the hollow. This vegetation type remained stable up to 7700 cal yr BP. We observed a hiatus between 7700 and 2710 cal yr BP, followed by a beech ( Fagus sylvatica) dominated mixed temperate deciduous forest. Our results confirmed that the area was covered by a primary forest, as human influence was visible only from 175 cal yr BP. The relatively long lasting persistence of Pinus cembra in the Holocene at relatively low altitude was documented, which has never been found in Holocene sediments in the Pre-Carpathians before. We hypothesize that the north facing slope acted as a cold-stage refugium in the Early Holocene and could play the same role for the present-day beech forest that is threatened by recent climate change.

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Edwards, Kevin J., and Glen M. MacDonald. "Holocene palynology: II human influence and vegetation change." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 15, no. 4 (December 1991): 364–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339101500402.

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Much palynological research has focused upon the role of humans in influencing the development of vegetation. This continues to be the case in Europe and anthropogenic studies in pollen analysis now extend to most parts of the world. An attempt is made to present some of the major research published between 1985 and mid-1991. The material selected represents a broad range of palynological applications and geographical areas. Methodological aspects include fine resolution, spatial and absolute pollen studies. Area studies concentrate upon Europe (with particular emphasis on the Corylus maximum, the Alnus rise and the Ulmus decline horizons in northwest European pollen diagrams), and to a lesser extent on North America, although available literature from other continents is also examined. It is concluded that a relatively small quantity of literature is devoted to methodology, but that it points the way to likely advances in elucidating human involvement in vegetation change. Fine resolution investigations may enable temporally precise changes in pollen spectra to be discerned and hence remove some of the inadequacies of coarse sampling procedures. Spatial studies reveal the complexity of palaeovegetational landscapes and the role of humans in their disturbance. Optimizing methods in the detection of cereal-type pollen grains provides challenges to both palynologists and archaeologists concerning the evidence for early agriculture. The potential of absolute data in examining human activity in forested areas is also shown. The palynological demonstration of hunter-gatherer and agricultural impacts beyond Europe is welcomed. The increasing use of microscopic charcoal data for investigating fire-vegetation relationships in cultural contexts is promising.

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Linseele, Veerle. "SIZE AND SIZE CHANGE OF THE AFRICAN AUROCHS DURING THE PLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE." Journal of African Archaeology 2, no. 2 (October 25, 2004): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/1612-1651-10026.

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Several assumptions on the size of the African aurochs have been tested primarily using measurements assembled from the literature. During the Holocene, the African aurochs was indeed smaller than its European and Near Eastern cousins and it appears also to have been more gracile. The available African aurochs measurements of this period probably derive mostly from male animals, since many females may have been misidentified as domestic cattle. Therefore, the degree of sexual dimorphism remains unknown, although iconographic evidence suggests that it may have been marked. Male Holocene aurochs probably reached a height of about 160 cm at the withers and is not taller than Pleistocene female aurochs, which grew to between 140 and 160 cm. The height at the withers of the Pleistocene male individuals is estimated at between 150 and 170 cm. As in Europe, the aurochs in Africa underwent a size decline between the Pleistocene and the Holocene. The Pleistocene African aurochs moreover seems to have been more robust than its Holocene successor.

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Huntley, Brian. "Dissimilarity Mapping Between Fossil and Contemporary Pollen Spectra in Europe for the Past 13,000 Years." Quaternary Research 33, no. 3 (May 1990): 360–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90062-p.

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AbstractThe degree of analogy between fossil and contemporary pollen spectra in Europe has been investigated using the chord-distance dissimilarity measure. No-analog pollen spectra represent vegetation without a modern analog and hence, by inference, represent macroclimatic conditions different from any occurring in the region today. Such spectra have minimum chord distances that exceed a threshold value assessed using contemporary samples from the same and different vegetation u units. Contoured maps of minimum chord distance portray the changing patterns of analogous and no-analog pollen spectra, and hence vegetation units, since 13,000 yr B.P. No-analog vegetation units have been extensive in some regions for much of the Holocene, persisting as recently as 1000 years ago in many areas. The chord-distance measure has also been used to explore the patterns, extent, and rates of change in European pollen spectra since 13,000 yr B.P. Pollen spectra changed rapidly during late-glacial and early Holocene times and during the last millennium. Paleoclimatic changes have brought about the major changes in the Holocene paleovegetation of Europe. Human impact upon European vegetation has obscured neither the contemporary relationship between pollen spectra and vegetation nor the climatically determined long-term changes of vegetation across the continent since 13,000 yr B.P.

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Aldhouse-Green, Stephen, Paul Pettitt, and Christopher Stringer. "Holocene humans at Pontnewydd and Cae Gronw caves." Antiquity 70, no. 268 (June 1996): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00083423.

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Pontnewydd, in north Wales, is known as a rare Middle Pleistocene site in northern Europe with human remains. Radiocarbon AMS dates identify human specimens, deriving from later use of the cave at Pontnewydd and its neighbour Cae Gronw, that have no part in its earlier story.

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Bartosiewicz, László, and Janez Dirjec. "Camels in antiquity: Roman Period finds from Slovenia." Antiquity 75, no. 288 (June 2001): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00060919.

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Camels were not native to Europe during the Holocene and were evidently imported by conquering peoples. The discovery of camel bones at two sites in Slovenia is an important contribution to understanding the distribution and function of these animals during the Roman Imperial Period.

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Cullen, Tracey. "Mesolithic mortuary ritual at Franchthi Cave, Greece." Antiquity 69, no. 263 (June 1995): 270–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00064681.

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Mesolithic sites are rare in the Aegean, and Mesolithic burials are uncommon throughout Europe. The Mesolithic human remains from Franchthi Cave, that remarkable, deeply stratified site in southern Greece, offer a rare glimpse into the burial practices of early Holocene hunter-gatherers of the Mediterranean.

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42

Rushby, Greg T., Geoff T. Richards, W. Roland Gehrels, William P. Anderson, Mark D. Bateman, and William H. Blake. "Testing the mid-Holocene relative sea-level highstand hypothesis in North Wales, UK." Holocene 29, no. 9 (June 12, 2019): 1491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619854513.

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Accurate Holocene relative sea-level curves are vital for modelling future sea-level changes, particularly in regions where relative sea-level changes are dominated by isostatically induced vertical land movements. In North Wales, various glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models predict a mid-Holocene relative sea-level highstand between 4 and 6 ka, which is unsubstantiated by any geological sea-level data but affects the ability of geophysical models to model accurately past and future sea levels. Here, we use a newly developed foraminifera-based sea-level transfer function to produce a 3300-year-long late-Holocene relative sea-level reconstruction from a salt marsh in the Malltraeth estuary on the south Anglesey coast in North Wales. This is the longest continuous late-Holocene relative sea-level reconstruction in Northwest Europe. We combine this record with two new late-Holocene sea-level index points (SLIPs) obtained from a freshwater marsh at Rhoscolyn, Anglesey, and with previously published regional SLIPs, to produce a relative sea-level record for North Wales that spans from ca. 13,000 BP to the present. This record leaves no room for a mid-Holocene relative sea-level highstand in the region. We conclude that GIA models that include a mid-Holocene sea-level highstand for North Wales need revision before they are used in the modelling of past and future relative sea-level changes around the British Isles.

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Mikkelsen, Naja, Antoon Kuijpers, and Jette Arneborg. "The Norse in Greenland and late Holocene sea-level change." Polar Record 44, no. 1 (January 2008): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247407006948.

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ABSTRACTNorse immigrants from Europe settled in southern Greenland in around AD 985 and managed to create a farming community during the Medieval Warm Period. The Norse vanished after approximately 500 years of existence in Greenland leaving no documentary evidence concerning why their culture foundered. The flooding of fertile grassland caused by late Holocene sea-level changes may be one of the factors that affected the Norse community. Holocene sea-level changes in Greenland are closely connected with the isostatic response of the Earth's crust to the behaviour of the Greenlandic ice sheet. An early Holocene regressive phase in south and west Greenland was reversed during the middle Holocene, and evidence is found for transgression and drowning of early-middle Holocene coast lines. This drowning started between 8 and 7ka BP in southern Greenland and continued during the Norse era to the present. An average late Holocene sea level rise in the order of 2–3 m/1000 years may be one of the factors that negatively affected the life of the Norse Greenlanders, and combined with other both socio-economic and environmental problems, such as increasing wind and sea ice expansion at the transition to the Little Ice Age, may eventually have led to the end of the Norse culture in Greenland.

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Brewer, S., J. Guiot, and F. Torre. "Mid-Holocene climate change in Europe: a data-model comparison." Climate of the Past Discussions 2, no. 6 (November 20, 2006): 1155–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-2-1155-2006.

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Abstract. We present here a comparison between the outputs of a set of 25 climate models run for the mid-Holocene period (6 ka BP) with a set of palaeo-climate reconstructions from over 400 fossil pollen sequences distributed across the European continent. Three climate parameters were available (moisture availability, temperature of the coldest month and growing degree days), which were then grouped together using cluster analysis to provide regions of homogenous climate change. Each model was then investigated to see if it reproduced 1) the same directions of change and 2) the correct location of these regions. A fuzzy logic distance was used to compare the output of the model with the data, which allowed uncertainties from both the model and data to be taken into account. The initial comparison showed that the models were only capable of reproducing regions of little climate change, as the data-based reconstructions have a much larger range of changes due to their local nature. A correction for the model standard deviation was then applied to allow the comparison to proceed, and this second test shows that the majority of models simulate all the observed patterns of climatic change, although most do not simulate the observed magnitude of change. The models were then compared by distance to data, and by the amount of correction required. The majority of the models are grouped together both in distance and correction, suggesting that they are becoming more consistent. A test against a set of zero anomalies (no climate change) shows that, whilst the models are unable to reproduce the exact patterns of change, they all produce the correct direction of change for the mid-Holocene.

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Chambers, Frank M., and JRG Daniell. "Peatland archives of late-Holocene climate change in northern Europe." PAGES news 18, no. 1 (April 2010): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22498/pages.18.1.4.

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Satkūnas, Jonas, and Miglė Stančikaitė. "Pleistocene and Holocene palaeoenvironments and recent processes across NE Europe." Quaternary International 207, no. 1-2 (October 2009): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2009.07.003.

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Vannière, Boris. "Quantitative and regional reconstructions of Holocene fire history in Europe." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1783.

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PUZACHENKO, Andrei Yurievich, and Anastasia Konstantinovna MARKOVA. "Mammal diversity during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Eastern Europe." Integrative Zoology 9, no. 4 (August 2014): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12059.

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García-Artola, Ane, Pierre Stéphan, Alejandro Cearreta, Robert E. Kopp, Nicole S. Khan, and Benjamin P. Horton. "Holocene sea-level database from the Atlantic coast of Europe." Quaternary Science Reviews 196 (September 2018): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.07.031.

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Dabkowski, Julie. "The late-Holocene tufa decline in Europe: Myth or reality?" Quaternary Science Reviews 230 (February 2020): 106141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106141.

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