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Journal articles on the topic 'Holokinetic chromosomes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Manicardi, G. C., D. C. Gautam, D. Bizzaro, E. Guicciardi, A. M. Bonvicini Pagliai, and U. Bianchi. "Chromosome banding in aphids: G, C, AluI, and HaeIII banding patterns in Megoura viciae (Homoptera, Aphididae)." Genome 34, no. 4 (1991): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-101.

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The holocentric mitotic chromosomes of Megoura viciae, a species that has been little studied cytogenetically to date, have been characterized by applying G, C, AluI, and HaeIII banding techniques. C bands have shown the best defined patterns, particularly on the X chromosome. This chromosome, on the other hand, behaved as the most reactive to the various treatments. Uncondensed, prometaphase X chromosomes showed a number of heterochromatic bands, interspersed among the euchromatin, which fused together during metaphase condensation. AluI and HaeIII treatments also produced reproducible bandin

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2

Kuznetsova, Valentina, Snejana Grozeva, Seppo Nokkala, and Christina Nokkala. "Cytogenetics of the true bug infraorder Cimicomorpha (Hemiptera, Heteroptera): a review." ZooKeys 154 (December 12, 2011): 31–70. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.154.1953.

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The Cimicomorpha is one of the largest and highly diversified infraorders of the Heteroptera. This group is also highly diversified cytogenetically and demonstrates a number of unusual cytogenetic characters such as holokinetic chromosomes; m-chromosomes; multiple sex chromosome systems; post-reduction of sex chromosomes in meiosis; variation in the presence/absence of chiasmata in spermatogenesis; different types of achiasmate meiosis. We present here a review of essential cytogenetic characters of the Cimicomorpha and outline the chief objectives and goals of future investigations in the fie

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3

Bardella, Vanessa Bellini, Hélcio Reinaldo Gil-Santana, Francisco Panzera, and André Luís Laforga Vanzela. "Karyotype diversity among predatory Reduviidae (Heteroptera)." Comparative Cytogenetics 8, no. (4) (2014): 351–67. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v8i4.8430.

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Species of infraorder Cimicomorpha of Heteroptera exhibit holokinetic chromosomes with inverted meiosis for sex chromosomes and high variation in chromosome number. The family Reduviidae, which belongs to this infraorder, is also recognized by high variability of heterochromatic bands and chromosome location of 18S rDNA loci. We studied here five species of Reduviidae (Harpactorinae) with predator habit, which are especially interesting because individuals are found solitary and dispersed in nature. These species showed striking variation in chromosome number (including sex chromosome systems)

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4

Kuznetsova, Valentina G., Seppo Nokkala, and Dmitri E. Shcherbakov. "Karyotype, reproductive organs, and pattern of gametogenesis in Zorotypus hubbardi Caudell (Insecta: Zoraptera, Zorotypidae), with discussion on relationships of the order." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 6 (2002): 1047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-074.

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For the first time, the karyotype is described in a representative of the order Zoraptera. Zorotypus hubbardi Caudell (Zorotypidae) have holokinetic chromosomes and male karotype of 2n = 38 (36 + neo-XY). Males possess two follicles in each testis and females have six panoistic ovarioles in each ovary. Oogenesis and, more closely, spermato genesis, including meiosis and sperm formation, have been studied. Based on the presence of panoistic ovaries and holokinetic chromosomes, Crampton's hypothesis that Zoraptera represent a group of Polyneoptera nearest to the origin of Paraneoptera is conside

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5

Fuková, Iva, Petr Nguyen, and Frantiek Marec. "Codling moth cytogenetics: karyotype, chromosomal location of rDNA, and molecular differentiation of sex chromosomes." Genome 48, no. 6 (2005): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g05-063.

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We performed a detailed karyotype analysis in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), the key pest of pome fruit in the temperate regions of the world. The codling moth karyotype consisted of 2n = 56 chromosomes of a holokinetic type. The chromosomes were classified into 5 groups according to their sizes: extra large (3 pairs), large (3 pairs), medium (15 pairs), small (5 pairs), and dot-like (2 pairs). In pachytene nuclei of both sexes, a curious NOR (nucleolar organizer region) bivalent was observed. It carried 2 nucleoli, each associated with one end of the bivale

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6

Sadílek, David, Robert B. Angus, František Šťáhlavský, and Jitka Vilímová. "Comparison of different cytogenetic methods and tissue suitability for the study of chromosomes in Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera, Cimicidae)." Comparative Cytogenetics 10, no. 4 (2016): 731–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v10i4.10681.

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In the article we summarize the most common recent cytogenetic methods used in analysis of karyotypes in Heteroptera. We seek to show the pros and cons of the spreading method compared with the traditional squashing method. We discuss the suitability of gonad, midgut and embryo tissue inCimexlectulariusLinnaeus, 1758 chromosome research and production of figures of whole mitosis and meiosis, using the spreading method.The hotplate spreading technique has many advantages in comparison with the squashing technique. Chromosomal slides prepared from the testes tissue gave the best results, tissues

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7

Sadílek, David, Robert B. Angus, František Šťáhlavský, and Jitka Vilímová. "Comparison of different cytogenetic methods and tissue suitability for the study of chromosomes in Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera, Cimicidae)." Comparative Cytogenetics 10, no. (4) (2016): 731–52. https://doi.org/10.3897/CcompCytogen.v10i4.10681.

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In the article we summarize the most common recent cytogenetic methods used in analysis of karyotypes in Heteroptera. We seek to show the pros and cons of the spreading method compared with the traditional squashing method. We discuss the suitability of gonad, midgut and embryo tissue in Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 chromosome research and production of figures of whole mitosis and meiosis, using the spreading method. The hotplate spreading technique has many advantages in comparison with the squashing technique. Chromosomal slides prepared from the testes tissue gave the best results, tis

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8

Sadílek, David, Robert B. Angus, František Šťáhlavský, and Jitka Vilímová. "Comparison of different cytogenetic methods and tissue suitability for the study of chromosomes in Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera, Cimicidae)." Comparative Cytogenetics 10, no. (4) (2016): 731–52. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v10i4.10681.

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In the article we summarize the most common recent cytogenetic methods used in analysis of karyotypes in Heteroptera. We seek to show the pros and cons of the spreading method compared with the traditional squashing method. We discuss the suitability of gonad, midgut and embryo tissue in Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 chromosome research and production of figures of whole mitosis and meiosis, using the spreading method. The hotplate spreading technique has many advantages in comparison with the squashing technique. Chromosomal slides prepared from the testes tissue gave the best results, tis

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9

Kuta, Elzbieta, Borut Bohanec, Ewa Dubas, Liliana Vizintin, and Leslaw Przywara. "Chromosome and nuclear DNA study on Luzula - a genus with holokinetic chromosomes." Genome 47, no. 2 (2004): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-121.

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Chromosomes and nuclear DNA amount were analyzed in leaf tissues of Luzula nivea, Luzula luzuloides, and Luzula multiflora. Intra- and interspecific karyological variability was stated. Chromosome numbers in diploids ranged 2n = 8-24 in L. nivea and L. luzuloides and 2n = 12-84 in hexaploid L. multiflora. Karyological variability resulted mainly from chromosome fission (agmatoploidy) and aneusomaty; chromosome fusion (symploidy) and polyploidy were also involved. Flow cytometric determination of nuclear genome size using propidium iodide staining gave values of 1.584 pg in L. luzuloides, 1.566

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10

Mola, Liliana M., Iva Vrbová, Daniela S. Tosto, Magda Zrzavá, and František Marec. "On the Origin of Neo-Sex Chromosomes in the Neotropical Dragonflies Rhionaeschna bonariensis and R. planaltica (Aeshnidae, Odonata)." Insects 13, no. 12 (2022): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121159.

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Odonata have holokinetic chromosomes. About 95% of species have an XX/X0 sex chromosome system, with heterogametic males. There are species with neo-XX/neo-XY sex chromosomes resulting from an X chromosome/autosome fusion. The genus Rhionaeschna includes 42 species found in the Americas. We analyzed the distribution of the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) using FISH with rDNA probes in Rhionaeschna bonariensis (n = 12 + neo-XY), R. planaltica (n = 7 + neo-XY), and Aeshna cyanea (n = 13 + X0). In R. bonariensis and A. cyanea, the NOR is located on a large pair of autosomes, which have a seconda

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11

NOKKALA, SEPPO, and CHRISTINA NOKKALA. "N-banding pattern of holokinetic chromosomes and its relation to chromosome structure." Hereditas 100, no. 1 (2008): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1984.tb00105.x.

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12

Hallan, Harkiran Kaur, Gurinder Kaur Walia, and Gagandeep Kaur Dhillon. "A Review on Cytogenetically Studied Species of Family Coenagrionidae (Odonata: Zygoptera)." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 19, no. 4 (2022): 827–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3034.

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ABSTRACT: Cytotaxonomy is useful for separating sister and cryptic species as well as for figuring out the evolutionary relationship between taxa. Family Coenagrionidae is considered as one of the largest zygopteran families under order Odonata. Globally, a lot of investigation has been undertaken on the family Coenagrionidae and significantly contributed by biologists throughout the world. Type number of the family Coenagrionidae is n=14 with XO-XX type of sex determining mechanism. Karyotypic variations within and between species are observed due to chromosome breaks and fusions, absence/pre

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13

McClure, Melanie, Bernard Dutrillaux, Anne-Marie Dutrillaux, Vladimir Lukhtanov, and Marianne Elias. "Heterozygosity and Chain Multivalents during Meiosis Illustrate Ongoing Evolution as a Result of Multiple Holokinetic Chromosome Fusions in the Genus Melinaea (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 153, no. 4 (2017): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000487107.

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Mitotic and meiotic chromosomes from 2 taxa of the genus Melinaea, M. satevis cydon and M. “satevis” tarapotensis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), and from hybrids produced in captivity were obtained using an improved spreading technique and were subsequently analyzed. In one of the taxa, the presence of trivalents and tetravalents at diakinesis/metaphase I is indicative of heterozygosity for multiple chromosome fusions or fissions, which might explain the highly variable number of chromosomes previously reported in this genus. Two large and complex multivalents were observed in the meiotic cells o

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14

YANG, HAILIN, HU LI, XUN DAI, JIAN CHANG, and WANZHI CAI. "New cytogenetic data on Coreoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with special reference to Coreidae." Zootaxa 3313, no. 1 (2012): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3313.1.6.

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Some cytogenetic aspects of six Chinese species of Coreoidea were studied. The material included five species from the familyCoreidae: Hydarella orientalis (Distant), Homoeocerus bannaensis Hsiao, Cletus graminis Hsiao & Cheng, Paradasynus lon-girostris Hsiao, Acanthocoris scaber (Linnaeus), and one species from the family Stenocephalidae: Stenocephalus femoralisReuter. All species show holokinetic chromosomes, post-reductional meiotic division of XO sex chromosomes, a pre-reduc-tional type of meiosis for autosomes and m-chromosomes, intersticial chiasmata in most autosomes, and one chiasm

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15

Tiepo, Angélica Nunes, Larissa Forim Pezenti, Thayná Bisson Ferraz Lopes, et al. "Analysis of the karyotype structure in Ricolla quadrispinosa (Linneus, 1767): inferences about the chromosomal evolution of the tribes of Harpactorinae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae)." Comparative Cytogenetics 10, no. (4) (2016): 719–29. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v10i4.10392.

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The subfamily Harpactorinae is composed of six tribes. Phylogenetic studies bring together some of Harpactorinae tribes, but by and large the data on evolutionary relationships of the subfamily are scarce. Chromosome studies are of great importance for understanding the systematics of different groups of insects. For Harpactorinae, these studies are restricted to some subfamilies and involved only conventional chromosome analysis. This work analyzed cytogenetically Ricolla quadrispinosa (Linneus, 1767). The chromosome number was determined as 2n = 24 + X<sub>1</sub>X<sub>2</sub>Y in males. In

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16

Gokhman, Vladimir E., and Valentina G. Kuznetsova. "Structure and Evolution of Ribosomal Genes of Insect Chromosomes." Insects 15, no. 8 (2024): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15080593.

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Currently, clusters of 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have been studied in about 1000 and 100 species of the class Insecta, respectively. Although the number of insect species with known 45S rDNA clusters (also referred to as nucleolus-organizing regions, or NORs) constitutes less than 0.1 percent of the described members of this enormous group, certain conclusions can already be drawn. Since haploid karyotypes with single 45S and 5S rDNA clusters predominate in both basal and derived insect groups, this character state is apparently ancestral for the class Insecta in general. Nevertheless, t

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17

Bardella, Vanessa, Vanessa Bardella, M. Gaeta, A. Vanzela, and M. Azeredo-Oliveira. "Chromosomal location of heterochromatin and 45S rDNA sites in four South American triatomines (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)." Comparative Cytogenetics 4, no. (2) (2010): 141–49. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.50.

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The Triatominae are distributed in Brazilian regions and are the vector of Chagas disease. This group is also characterized by lower karyotype variability, occurrence of holokinetic chromosomes and inverted meiosis of the sex chromosomes. In this study, we determined the karyotype of four species of the genus <em>Triatoma</em> Laporte, 1832 using chromosome measurement, chromosome banding and FISH with a 45S rDNA probe. All samples showed 2n<em> </em>= 20A+XY with chromosomes sorted by size in decreasing order. Heterochromatin of <em>Triatoma infestans melanosoma</em> Lent, Jurberg, Galvão, Ca

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18

Mola, Liliana M., María Florencia Fourastié, and Silvia Susana Agopian. "High karyotypic variation in Orthemis Hagen, 1861 species, with insights about the neo-XY in Orthemis ambinigra Calvert, 1909 (Libellulidae, Odonata)." Comparative Cytogenetics 15, no. 4 (2021): 355–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i4.68761.

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The American dragonfly genus Orthemis Hagen, 1861 is mainly found in the Neotropical region. Seven of 28 taxonomically described species have been reported from Argentina. Chromosome studies performed on this genus showed a wide variation in chromosome number and a high frequency of the neoXY chromosomal sex-determination system, although the sexual pair was not observed in all cases. This work analyzes the spermatogenesis of Orthemis discolor (Burmeister, 1839), O. nodiplaga Karsch, 1891 and O. ambinigra Calvert, 1909 in individuals from the provinces of Misiones and Buenos Aires, Argentina.

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19

Roa, Fernando, and Marcelo Guerra. "Non-Random Distribution of 5S rDNA Sites and Its Association with 45S rDNA in Plant Chromosomes." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 146, no. 3 (2015): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000440930.

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5S and 45S rDNA sites are the best mapped chromosome regions in eukaryotic chromosomes. In this work, a database was built gathering information about the position and number of 5S rDNA sites in 784 plant species, aiming to identify patterns of distribution along the chromosomes and its correlation with the position of 45S rDNA sites. Data revealed that in most karyotypes (54.5%, including polyploids) two 5S rDNA sites (a single pair) are present, with 58.7% of all sites occurring in the short arm, mainly in the proximal region. In karyotypes of angiosperms with only 1 pair of sites (single si

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20

NOKKALA, SEPPO, and CHRISTINA NOKKALA. "Mitotic and meiotic behaviour of axial core structure of holokinetic chromosomes." Hereditas 103, no. 1 (2008): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1985.tb00489.x.

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21

Chirino, Mónica Gabriela, and Maria José Bressa. "Comparative approach sex cromosomes in Belostoma species by genomic in situ hibridization (GISH) regarding to the evolutionary process." Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde 38, no. 1supl (2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2017v38n1suplp137.

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All Belostoma species studied possess holokinetic chromosomes and an inverse relationship between chromosome number and chromosome size because autosomal and/or sex chromosome fusions and sex chromosome fragmentations have seemingly played the most important role in their karyotype evolution. The modal diploid chromosome number 2n=26+X1X2Y/X1X1X2X2 (male/female) observed in ten species and reduced chromosome numbers (16, 14, and 8) with a simple sex chromosome system XY/XX (male/female) detected in other six species could be indicating two paths of karyotype evolution. In species with a multip

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22

Grozeva, Snejana, Valentina Kuznetsova, and B. Anokhin. "Bed bug cytogenetics: karyotype, sex chromosome system, FISH mapping of 18S rDNA, and male meiosis in Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)." Comparative Cytogenetics 4, no. (2) (2010): 151–60. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.36.

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Bugs (Insecta: Heteroptera) are frequently used as examples of unusual cytogenetic characters, and the family Cimicidae is one of most interest in this respect. We have performed a cytogenetic study of the common bed bug <em>Cimex lectularius</em> Linnaeus, 1758 using both classical (Schiff-Giemsa and AgNO3-staining) and molecular cytogenetic techniques (base-specific DAPI/CMA3 fluorochromes and FISH with an <em>18S rDNA</em> probe). Males originated from a wild population of <em>C. lectularius</em> were found to have 2n = 26 + X1X2Y, holokinetic chromosomes, <em>18S rRNA</em> genes located on

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23

Urbisaglia, Santiago, Anabella Cecilia Massaccesi, Lucila Belén Salanitro, María José Bressa, and Mônica Gabriela Chirino. "A karyotype comparison between Largus fasciatus and L. rufipennis (Heteroptera, Insecta) by conventional, chromosome banding and rDNA-FISH." Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde 38, no. 1supl (2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2017v38n1suplp61.

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The most important economic impact of Largus fasciatus and L. rufipennis is the feeding effect on potato, carrot, tobacco, and bean crops in Argentine. Largidae have a low diploid chromosome number, a sex chromosome system of X0/XX (male/female), except to one species, and a pair of m chromosomes, excluding the genus Largus. Cytogenetic and heterochromatin characterization, and the analysis of the location of rDNA genes between both species were performed. They possess a same diploid number 2n=12+X0/XX and very large chromosomes. The C-banding patterns showed discrete C-positive bands terminal

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24

Adilardi, Renzo Sebastián, Affilastro Andres Ojanguren, Dardo Marti, and Liliana Mola. "Cytogenetic analysis on geographically distant parthenogenetic populations of Tityus trivittatus Kraepelin, 1898 (Scorpiones, Buthidae): karyotype, constitutive heterochromatin and rDNA localization." Comparative Cytogenetics 8, no. (2) (2014): 81–92. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v8i2.6461.

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<i>Tityus trivittatus </i>Kraepelin, 1898 is the most medically important scorpion species of Argentina, and parthenogenetic populations are present in the major cities of this country. We performed a detailed cytogenetic analysis of specimens of three synanthropic parthenogenetic populations, all distant about 900 km from each other, using Ag-NOR, C-banding, DAPI/CMA3 staining and FISH with autologous 28S rDNA probes. The karyotype of females and embryos from the three populations showed 2n=6, with two large and four middle-sized holokinetic chromosomes. Constitutive heterochromatin was found

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25

Mola, Liliana M., María Florencia Fourastié, and Silvia Susana Agopian. "High karyotypic variation in Orthemis Hagen, 1861 species, with insights about the neo-XY in Orthemis ambinigra Calvert, 1909 (Libellulidae, Odonata)." Comparative Cytogenetics 15, no. (4) (2021): 355–74. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i4.68761.

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The American dragonfly genus Orthemis Hagen, 1861 is mainly found in the Neotropical region. Seven of 28 taxonomically described species have been reported from Argentina. Chromosome studies performed on this genus showed a wide variation in chromosome number and a high frequency of the neoXY chromosomal sex-determination system, although the sexual pair was not observed in all cases. This work analyzes the spermatogenesis of Orthemis discolor (Burmeister, 1839), O. nodiplaga Karsch, 1891 and O. ambinigra Calvert, 1909 in individuals from the provinces of Misiones and Buenos Aires, Argentina.

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26

Rebagliati, P. J., L. M. Mola, A. G. Papeschi, and J. Grazia. "Cytogenetic studies in Pentatomidae (Heteroptera): A review." Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 43, no. 3 (2005): 199–213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00312.x.

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The suborder Heteroptera constitutes one of the most important insect groups because most species are plants feeders and cause damage on many plants of economic importance. One of the most important cytogenetic characteristics of Heteroptera is the holokinetic nature of the chromosomes. One particular feature of some species of Pentatomidae is the regular presence of an abnormal meiosis in one testicular lobe (harlequin lobe). From the 28 species cytogenetically analysed from Argentine material, 21 present the diploid number 2n = 14, four species present a reduced number (2n = 12) and another

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27

Sousa, A., A. E. Barros e Silva, A. Cuadrado, Y. Loarce, M. V. Alves, and M. Guerra. "Distribution of 5S and 45S rDNA sites in plants with holokinetic chromosomes and the “chromosome field” hypothesis." Micron 42, no. 6 (2011): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2011.03.002.

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Poggio, M. G., O. Di Iorio, P. Turienzo, A. G. Papeschi, and M. J. Bressa. "Heterochromatin characterization and ribosomal gene location in two monotypic genera of bloodsucker bugs (Cimicidae, Heteroptera) with holokinetic chromosomes and achiasmatic male meiosis." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 6 (2014): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485314000650.

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AbstractMembers of the family Cimicidae (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha) are temporary bloodsuckers on birds and bats as primary hosts and humans as secondary hosts.Acanthocrios furnarii(2n=12=10+XY, male) andPsitticimex uritui(2n=31=28+X1X2Y, male) are two monotypic genera of the subfamily Haematosiphoninae, which have achiasmatic male meiosis of collochore type. Here, we examined chromatin organization and constitution of cimicid holokinetic chromosomes by determining the amount, composition and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin, and number and location of nucleolus organizer regions (

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29

Zedek, František, and Petr Bureš. "Absence of positive selection on CenH3 inLuzulasuggests that holokinetic chromosomes may suppress centromere drive." Annals of Botany 118, no. 7 (2016): 1347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw186.

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30

NOKKALA, SEPPO. "Restriction of kinetic activity of holokinetic chromosomes in meiotic cells and its structural basis." Hereditas 102, no. 1 (2008): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1985.tb00469.x.

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31

Wolf, K. W. "Acetylation of ?-tubulin in male meiotic spindles ofPyrrhocoris apterus, an insect with holokinetic chromosomes." Protoplasma 191, no. 3-4 (1996): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01281812.

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32

Šťáhlavský, František, Petr Nguyen, David Sadílek, et al. "Evolutionary dynamics of rDNA clusters on chromosomes of buthid scorpions (Chelicerata: Arachnida)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 3 (2020): 547–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa118.

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Abstract We examined the distribution of genes for major ribosomal RNAs (rDNA) on holokinetic chromosomes of 74 species belonging to 19 genera of scorpions from the family Buthidae using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our analysis revealed differences between the two main evolutionary lineages within the family. The genera belonging to the ‘Buthus group’, with a proposed Laurasian origin, possess one pair of rDNA mainly in an interstitial position, with the only exceptions being the terminal location found in some Hottentotta and Buthacus species, possibly as a result of chromosome

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Nisha, Patial, and Kaur Harbhajan. "C-Heterochromatin and its Base Composition in Holokinetic Chromosomes of Three Species of Scutelleridae (Hemiptera:Heteroptera)." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 10, no. 2 (2024): 1425–30. https://doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2024.v10i02.143.

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34

Rebagliati, P. J., L. M. Mola, and A. G. Papeschi. "Karyotype and meiotic behaviour of the holokinetic chromosomes of six Argentine species of Pentatomidae (Heteroptera)." Caryologia 54, no. 4 (2001): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2001.10589245.

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35

Kaur, Harbhajan, Rajdeep Kaur, and Vikas Suman. "C-heterochromatin and its base composition in holokinetic chromosomes of two species of Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera)." Nucleus 55, no. 3 (2012): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13237-012-0064-2.

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Golub, Natalia, Boris Anokhin, and Valentina Kuznetsova. "Comparative FISH mapping of ribosomal DNA clusters and TTAGG telomeric sequences to holokinetic chromosomes of eight species of the insect order Psocoptera." Comparative Cytogenetics 13, no. 4 (2019): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v13i4.48891.

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Repetitive DNAs are the main components of eukaryotic genome. We mapped the 18S rDNA and TTAGG telomeric probe sequences by FISH to meiotic chromosomes of eight species of the order Psocoptera considered a basal taxon of Paraneoptera: Valenzuela burmeisteri (Brauer, 1876), Stenopsocus lachlani Kolbe, 1960, Graphopsocus cruciatus (Linnaeus, 1768), Peripsocus phaeopterus (Stephens, 1836), Philotarsus picicornis (Fabricius, 1793), Amphigerontia bifasciata (Latreille, 1799), Psococerastis gibbosa (Sulzer, 1766), and Metylophorus nebulosus (Stephens, 1836). These species belong to five distantly re

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Golub, Natalia, Boris Anokhin, and Valentina Kuznetsova. "Comparative FISH mapping of ribosomal DNA clusters and TTAGG telomeric sequences to holokinetic chromosomes of eight species of the insect order Psocoptera." Comparative Cytogenetics 13, no. (4) (2019): 403–10. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v13i4.48891.

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Repetitive DNAs are the main components of eukaryotic genome. We mapped the 18S rDNA and TTAGG telomeric probe sequences by FISH to meiotic chromosomes of eight species of the order Psocoptera considered a basal taxon of Paraneoptera: Valenzuela burmeisteri (Brauer, 1876), Stenopsocus lachlani Kolbe, 1960, Graphopsocus cruciatus (Linnaeus, 1768), Peripsocus phaeopterus (Stephens, 1836), Philotarsus picicornis (Fabricius, 1793), Amphigerontia bifasciata (Latreille, 1799), Psococerastis gibbosa (Sulzer, 1766), and Metylophorus nebulosus (Stephens, 1836). These species belong to five distantly re

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Marques, André, Tiago Ribeiro, Pavel Neumann, et al. "Holocentromeres in Rhynchospora are associated with genome-wide centromere-specific repeat arrays interspersed among euchromatin." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 44 (2015): 13633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512255112.

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Holocentric chromosomes lack a primary constriction, in contrast to monocentrics. They form kinetochores distributed along almost the entire poleward surface of the chromatids, to which spindle fibers attach. No centromere-specific DNA sequence has been found for any holocentric organism studied so far. It was proposed that centromeric repeats, typical for many monocentric species, could not occur in holocentrics, most likely because of differences in the centromere organization. Here we show that the holokinetic centromeres of the Cyperaceae Rhynchospora pubera are highly enriched by a centro

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Bergmann, Paavo, Michael Laumann, Roy A. Norton, and Michael Heethoff. "Cytological evidence for automictic thelytoky in parthenogenetic oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida): Synaptonemal complexes confirm meiosis in Archegozetes longisetosus." Acarologia 58, no. 2 (2018): 342–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184246.

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Diplo-diploid parthenogenesis (thelytoky) is a widespread phenomenon in the mite taxon Sarcoptiformes, and is unusually frequent in the suborder Oribatida, where it characterizes almost 10% of extant species, including whole genera and families. Based on molecular and cytological data, terminal fusion automixis with an inverted meiotic sequence based on holokinetic chromosomes has been suggested as the reproductive mode in these mites. However, unequivocal structural evidence for meiosis is missing. The model organism Archegozetes longisetosus, a thelytokous member of the parthenogenetic famil

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Kuznetsova, Valentina G., Ilya A. Gavrilov-Zimin, Snejana M. Grozeva, and Natalia V. Golub. "Comparative analysis of chromosome numbers and sex chromosome systems in Paraneoptera (Insecta)." Comparative Cytogenetics 15, no. (3) (2021): 279–327. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i3.71866.

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This article is part (the 4<sup>th</sup> article) of the themed issue (a monograph) "Aberrant cytogenetic and reproductive patterns in the evolution of Paraneoptera". The purpose of this article is to consider chromosome structure and evolution, chromosome numbers and sex chromosome systems, which all together constitute the chromosomal basis of reproduction and are essential for reproductive success. We are based on our own observations and literature data available for all major lineages of Paraneoptera including Zoraptera (angel insects), Copeognatha (=Psocoptera; bark lice), Parasita (=Pht

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LANZONE, Cecilia, and Maria Jose DE SOUZA. "C-banding, fluorescent staining and NOR location in holokinetic chromosomes of bugs of the Neotropical genus Antiteuchus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalinae)." European Journal of Entomology 103, no. 1 (2006): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/eje.2006.026.

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Chirino, Mónica, Alba Papeschi, and María Bressa. "The significance of cytogenetics for the study of karyotype evolution and taxonomy of water bugs (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae) native to Argentina." Comparative Cytogenetics 7, no. (2) (2013): 111–29. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v7i2.4462.

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Male meiosis behaviour and heterochromatin characterization of three big water bug species were studied.<i> Belostoma dentatum</i> (Mayr, 1863), <i>B. elongatum</i> Montandon, 1908 and <i>B. gestroi</i> Montandon, 1903 possess 2n = 26 + X1X2Y (male). In these species, male meiosis is similar to that previously observed in <i>Belostoma</i> Latreille, 1807. In general, autosomal bivalents show a single chiasma terminally located and divide reductionally at anaphase I. On the other hand, sex chromosomes are achiasmatic, behave as univalents and segregate their chromatids equationally at anaphase

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Grozeva, Snejana, Seppo Nokkala, and Nikolay Simov. "Chiasmate male meiosis in six species of water bugs from infraorders Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha (Insecta: Heteroptera)." Comparative Cytogenetics 3, no. (2) (2009): 125–30. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.19.

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The type of male meiosis is a stable character at the family level in the order Heteroptera and provides additional information on the relationships between taxa. The most common pattern, probably ancestral in the order is chiasmate meiosis; however achiasmate meiosis has been described in five families of terrestrial Heteroptera, all belonging to the infraorder Cimicomorpha (Anthocoridae, Microphysidae, Cimicidae, Miridae, Nabidae). Among water bugs, achiasmate meiosis is reported in the families Saldidae (Leptopodomorpha) and Мicronectidae (Nepomorpha). Regarding the third infraorder of wate

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MARYANSKA-NADACHOWSKA, Anna, Valentina G. KUZNETSOVA, Natalia V. GOLUB, and Boris A. ANOKHIN. "Detection of telomeric sequences and ribosomal RNA genes in holokinetic chromosomes of five jumping plant-lice species: First data on the superfamily Psylloidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)." European Journal of Entomology 115 (November 5, 2018): 632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/eje.2018.061.

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Lukhtanov, Vladimir A. "Two types of highly ordered micro- and macrochromosome arrangement in metaphase plates of butterflies (Lepidoptera)." Comparative Cytogenetics 13, no. (1) (2019): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v13i1.32614.

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In karyotype of many organisms, chromosomes form two distinct size groups: macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. During cell divisions, the position of the macro- and microchromosomes is often ordered within metaphase plate. In many reptiles, amphibians, birds, insects of the orthopteran family Tettigoniidae and in some plants, a so called "reptilian" type organization is found, with microchromosomes situated in the center of metaphase plate and with macrochromosomes situated at the periphery. An opposite, "lepidopteran" type is known in butterflies and moths (i.e. in the order Lepidoptera) a

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Guerra, M., G. Cabral, M. Cuacos, et al. "Neocentrics and Holokinetics (Holocentrics): Chromosomes out of the Centromeric Rules." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 129, no. 1-3 (2010): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000314289.

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González-Elizondo, M. Socorro, Anton A. Reznicek, and Jorge A. Tena-Flores. "Cyperaceae in Mexico: Diversity and distribution." Botanical Sciences 96, no. 2 (2018): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1870.

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<p><strong>Background</strong>: Cyperaceae, with about 5,500 species and 90 genera worldwide, are the third largest family among Monocots. A unique combination of morphological and karyotypical features, among which stand holokinetic chromosomes, favors a rapid evolution and diversification and a high level of endemism in some groups. Preliminary checklists of Mexican sedges have been published but an updating of the taxonomy and nomenclature of the group for the country is required.</p><p><strong>Questions</strong>: How many and which species and gene

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Salanitro, Lucila Belén, Anabella Cecilia Massaccesi, Santiago Urbisaglia, María José Bressa, and Mónica Gabriela Chirino. "A karyotype comparison between two species of bordered plant bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Largidae) by conventional chromosome staining, C-banding and rDNA-FISH." Comparative Cytogenetics 11, no. (2) (2017): 239–48. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v11i2.11683.

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A cytogenetic characterization, including heterochromatin content, and the analysis of the location of rDNA genes, was performed in Largus fasciatus Blanchard, 1843 and L. rufipennis Laporte, 1832. Mitotic and meiotic analyses revealed the same diploid chromosome number 2n = 12 + X0/XX (male/female). Heterochromatin content, very scarce in both species, revealed C-blocks at both ends of autosomes and X chromosome. The most remarkable cytological feature observed between both species was the different chromosome position of the NORs. This analysis allowed us to use the NORs as a cytological mar

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Walia, Gurinder Kaur, and Hardeep Singh. "A review on intraspecific karyomorphological variations of m chromosomes in family Libellulidae (Anisoptera: Odonata)." Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology 83, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41936-022-00310-w.

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Abstract Background Family Libellulidae is one of the largest families of suborder Anisoptera (Odonata) including 1035 species of 144 genera throughout the world. Libellulids are distributed all around the globe, while some are cosmopolitan and some are endemic. Cytogenetic data pertains to 258 libellulid species and chromosome number varies from 2n = 6–47. Majority of the species possess 2n (♂) = 25, which is the modal number of the family. The m chromosomes are considered as the fragments of autosomes and are present in 78% of studied libellulid species. Main body Presently, 29 libellulid sp

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Bureš, Petr, and František Zedek. "HOLOKINETIC DRIVE: CENTROMERE DRIVE IN CHROMOSOMES WITHOUT CENTROMERES." Evolution, May 2014, n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.12437.

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