Relevant bibliographies by topics / Holothurians – Reproduction

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Academic literature on the topic 'Holothurians – Reproduction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Holothurians – Reproduction"

1

Dolmatov, Igor Yu. "Asexual Reproduction in Holothurians." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/527234.

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Aspects of asexual reproduction in holothurians are discussed. Holothurians are significant as fishery and aquaculture items and have high commercial value. The last review on holothurian asexual reproduction was published 18 years ago and included only 8 species. An analysis of the available literature shows that asexual reproduction has now been confirmed in 16 holothurian species. Five additional species are also most likely capable of fission. The recent discovery of new fissiparous holothurian species indicates that this reproduction mode is more widespread in Holothuroidea than previously believed. New data about the history of the discovery of asexual reproduction in holothurians, features of fission, and regeneration of anterior and posterior fragments are described here. Asexual reproduction is obviously controlled by the integrated systems of the organism, primarily the nervous system. Special molecular mechanisms appear to determine the location where fission occurs along the anterior-posterior axis of the body. Alteration of the connective tissue strength of the body wall may play an important role during fission of holothurians. The basic mechanism of fission is the interaction of matrix metalloproteinases, their inhibitors, and enzymes forming cross-link complexes between fibrils of collagen. The population dynamics of fissiparous holothurians are discussed.
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2

Dolmatov, Igor Yu. "Molecular Aspects of Regeneration Mechanisms in Holothurians." Genes 12, no. 2 (2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12020250.

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Holothurians, or sea cucumbers, belong to the phylum Echinodermata. They show good regenerative abilities. The present review provides an analysis of available data on the molecular aspects of regeneration mechanisms in holothurians. The genes and signaling pathways activated during the asexual reproduction and the formation of the anterior and posterior parts of the body, as well as the molecular mechanisms that provide regeneration of the nervous and digestive systems, are considered here. Damage causes a strong stress response, the signs of which are recorded even at late regeneration stages. In holothurian tissues, the concentrations of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes increase. Furthermore, the cellular and humoral components of the immune system are activated. Extracellular matrix remodeling and Wnt signaling play a major role in the regeneration in holothurians. All available morphological and molecular data show that the dedifferentiation of specialized cells in the remnant of the organ and the epithelial morphogenesis constitute the basis of regeneration in holothurians. However, depending on the type of damage, the mechanisms of regeneration may differ significantly in the spatial organization of regeneration process, the involvement of different cell types, and the depth of reprogramming of their genome (dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation).
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3

Tyler, P. A., K. Eckelbarger, and D. S. M. Billett. "Reproduction in Bathyplotes natans (Holothurioidea: Synallactidae) from bathyal depths in the north-east and western Atlantic." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74, no. 2 (1994): 383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400039400.

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The gross morphology, histology, ultrastructure and periodicity of gonad development of the bathyal aspidochirote holothurian Bathyplotes natans is described and compared with the ‘tubule recruitment model’ proposed for aspidochirote holothurians. As B. natans grows, additional gonad tubules develop at the anterior end of the gonad basis. Oocyte development in these tubules is non-seasonal and the population of oocytes consists of both pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes as well as some large oocytes undergoing phagocytic breakdown. Vitellogenesis is similar to that described previously for holothurians, although the follicular inner epithelium cells surrounding the developing oocytes are different from those previously reported. In males the unique acrosomal complex consists of three depressions with the acrosome lying in the central depression. The tubule recruitment model of Smiley does not apply to B. natans. We do not feel this model has widespread applicability in the Aspidochirotida or the Holothurioidea in general.
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4

Kazanidis, Georgios, Paul A. Tyler, and David S. M. Billett. "On the reproduction of the simultaneous hermaphrodite Paroriza prouhoi (Holothuroidea: Synallactidae) in the Porcupine Abyssal Plain, north-east Atlantic." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94, no. 4 (2013): 847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413001537.

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Long-term studies in the abyssal north-east Atlantic (1989–2005) have revealed large-scale changes in the benthic ecosystem and especially in some megafaunal invertebrate taxa over the period 1996–2002, termed the ‘Amperima Event’. Holothurians dominated the megafaunal samples. Temporal patterns in the abundance of holothurians showed a wide spectrum of responses, possibly related to the feeding and reproductive characteristics of the various species. One of the holothurians, the synallactid Paroriza prouhoi, is a simultaneous hermaphrodite, providing a distinct comparison with dioecious reproductive patterns more typical of deep-sea holothurian species. The reproductive biology and abundance/biomass patterns of P. prouhoi were investigated over the period 1989–2005. Paroriza prouhoi produces oocytes with a maximum diameter of ~370 µm. It has asynchronous patterns of gametogenesis both at the individual and population levels. Mean oocyte diameter and the ratio between previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes showed no significant differences between the periods prior to and after the Amperima Event. There were no significant differences in abundance or biomass over the time series. We conclude that the energy investment into gamete production by this hermaphrodite did not change over the 16 years examined. It is hypothesized that the feeding characteristics of P. prouhoi lead to a slow, steady and consistent production of gametes despite large-scale changes in organic matter supply to the seabed evident at the time series locality.
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5

Kazanidis, Georgios, Chryssanthi Antoniadou, Alexios P. Lolas, et al. "Population dynamics and reproduction of Holothuria tubulosa (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) in the Aegean Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 5 (2010): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410000251.

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The Atlanto-Mediterranean holothurian Holothuria tubulosa is among the conspicuous benthic invertebrates in the shallow sublittoral zone. It is an edible species, harvested at the Aegean Sea and utilized as fishing bait. Considering the lack of information for the Aegean populations, a one-year survey, based on monthly or semimonthly samples, was carried out focusing on population structure, allometric relationships and reproductive status of H. tubulosa stocks in Pagasitikos Gulf. Population density varied around 9.93 individuals/100 m2. This value was rather low compared with other studied Mediterranean populations of the species, possibly due to the scarcity of seagrass meadows in the area studied. All measured biometric characters showed high plasticity, and all the examined morphometric relationships followed negative allometry indicating a change to the shape of the animal's body as it grows. Holothurians’ length was a moderate predictor of biomass since r values reached 60%; in contrast a very strong relation was observed between drained and gutted weight. Size–frequency distribution analysis was unimodal with the exception of spring where a second mode of larger sized individuals appeared. The gonadosomatic index showed a single spawning season per year, in late summer; accordingly the reproductive cycle of the species showed a clear annual pattern which was highly correlated with the seasonal variations of temperature.
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6

Indriana, Lisa Fajar, Muhammad Firdaus, Supono, and Fawzan Bhakti Soffa. "FISSIPAROUS SEA CUCUMBER (Holothuria atra) POPULATION IN NORTH LOMBOK, INDONESIA." Marine Research in Indonesia 43, no. 1 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v43i1.242.

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Sea cucumbers belonged to the species of Holothuria atra are one of the holothurians that could reproduce asexually through fission particularly when their ambient environments are not optimum to reproduce sexually. The reproductive pattern of H. atra has been shown to correlate with to the condition of H. atra population as well as their habitats and environments. This study aims to investigate the asexual reproduction and fission rate of H. atra in Tanjung, North Lombok, Indonesia. We conducted surveys in February, May, July, August, September and December 2016 by applying the free collection method. A total of 1,383 individual H. atra were collected consisting of 931 intact or normal individuals, 174 anterior individuals, 261 posterior individuals and 17 uncategorized individuals. Fissioned H. atra were found in every sampling conducted in the six different months with fission rates range from 5.53 to 30.40%. This research shows that the population of H. atra in Tanjung, North Lombok, are susceptible to asexual reproduction (fission). Fission rate value of > 5% is associated with an adaptation mechanism of H. atra to maintain their population in the wild. Further investigation on the environmental conditions stimulating H. atra fission is needed to understand the reproduction and population dynamic of this species in Tanjung waters.
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7

Tyler, P. A., C. M. Young, D. S. M. Billett, and L. A. Giles. "Pairing behaviour, reproduction and diet in the deep-sea holothurian genus Paroriza (Holothurioidea: Synallactidae)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 72, no. 2 (1992): 447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400037814.

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Deep-sea holothurians of the genus Paroriza (Family Synallactidae) have often been observed or photographed in pairs or triplets. Observations of tracks on the sea floor suggest that pairs may remain together for some time. We explored the reasons for pairing in a study of reproductive condition and diet, using animals collected by trawl from the bathyal and abyssal north-east Atlantic and by manned submersible from the bathyal slope of the Bahamas. Both species of Paroriza studied were found to be simultaneous hermaphrodites producing yolky oocytes. Oocytes of Paroriza pollens were about 350μm in diameter, whereas those of P. prouhoi were up to 450μm. Examination of oocyte size-frequency distributions suggests that reproduction is continuous for both species. Neither mean oocyte size, nor shape of the oocyte size-frequency distribution differed significantly between paired and unpaired P. pallens collected during the same season. These deposit-feeding holothurians appear to take food from the nutrient-rich phytodetrital layers on the surface of the sediment. Because their food resources are probably not patchy on small scales, the observed pairs are not likely to be feeding aggregations. We hypothesize that pairing increases the likelihood of external fertilization and that spawning in these species may be induced at any time by the presence of a conspecific rather than by seasonal cues.
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8

Uthicke, S. "Influence of asexual reproduction on the structure and dynamics of Holothuria (Halodeima) atra and Stichopus chloronotus populations of the Great Barrier Reef." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 2 (2001): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00064.

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To determine the effect of asexual reproduction by transverse fission on the population structure of holothurians, ensities and individual weights of Holothuria atra (JÄÄger,1833)and Stichopus chloronotus (Brandt, 1835)were measured over a 26-month period on near-shore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef. Densities of H.atra (0.01—0.69 individuals m –2 )and S. chloronotus (0.11—1.67) did not increase during periods of intense asexual reproduction, and the density on each reef remained relatively stable.The effect of fission was clearly visible in the weight —frequency distributions of both species. The average individual wet weight in each population declined (H. atra from 105/134 g to 64/94 g in two respective populations;S. chloronotus from 128/302 g to 82/190 g in two respective populations) with the onset of fission in early winter, and more individuals in the weight range of fission products were found. The biomass followed the seasonal trend of the average weights for both species, with minimum values in winter. A conceptual model based on these and previous findings identified five possible factors (mortality, habitat stability, optimum individual size, food availability, larval supply) involved in promoting or repressing transverse fission, and the model indicated the consequences for the population.
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9

Dolmatov, I. Yu. "New data on asexual reproduction, autotomy, and regeneration in holothurians of the Order Dendrochirotida." Russian Journal of Marine Biology 40, no. 3 (2014): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063074014030031.

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10

Kremenetskaia, Antonina, Olga Ezhova, Anatoliy L. Drozdov, Elena Rybakova, and Andrey Gebruk. "On the reproduction of two deep-sea Arctic holothurians, Elpidia heckeri and Kolga hyalina (Holothuroidea:Elpidiidae)." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 64, no. 1 (2019): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2019.1692915.

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