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Journal articles on the topic 'Holy Roman Empire. Reichshofrat'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Schenk, Tobias. "Vom Reichshofrat über Cocceji zu PEBB§Y: Epochenübergreifende Überlegungen zu gerichtlichen Urteils- und Vergleichsquoten aus institutionengeschichtlicher Perspektive." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 137, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 91–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2020-0003.

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AbstractJudicial Decision-Making from the Perspective of Institutional History. A Diachronic Comparison of Court Procedures and Amicable Settlements in the Holy Roman Empire, Prussia, and the Federal Republic of Germany. Amicable settlements were a core practice in judicial courts of the early modern period. While recent studies tend to focus on strategies of litigants, this article shifts the attention to the process of decision-making from an institutional perspective. To that end, the author examines working procedures and tools of political influencing at court using examples of civil cases at judicial courts in the Holy Roman Empire (particularly the Imperial Aulic Council), in Prussia under the reign of Frederick the Great, and in the Federal Republic of Germany. As will be shown, throughout times institutional dispositions influence the outcome of judgements and amicable settlements at least to the same degree than strategies of litigants do.

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2

Berkvens, A. M. J. A. "'Zur Abkurtzung unnötiger Processualweitläufigkeiten', Een bijdrage over de geschiedenis van het Hof van Appel te Thorn 1718–1795." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 74, no. 1-2 (2006): 121–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181906776931180.

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AbstractUntil the end of the War of the Spanish Succession, the constitutional status of the former kaiserlich freie Reichsstift Thorn in the present Dutch province of Limburg was disputed. After the Emperor Charles VI had established its constitutional position as a member of the Holy Roman Empire in 1718, a Court of Appeal was established to symbolise Thorn's sovereignty and serve as an intermediary court between the local lower jurisdictions and the Reichskammergericht and the Reichshofrat. The organisation and jurisdiction of the Court of Appeal were laid down in ordinances by the sovereign abbess Francisca Christina of Paltz-Sulzbach (1717–1776). Since the Court's judges did not reside in Thorn – they lived predominantly in the free imperial town of Aachen – complaints about undue delay in civil proceedings and the high cost involved urged the sovereign abbess to directly intervene in the Court's jurisdiction. The ensuing conflicts negatively affected the Court's credibility, as is evidenced by the number of revision petitions and appeals lodged with the Reichskammergericht from ca. 1775 onwards. Reform efforts undertaken by the sovereign abbess Maria Cunegonda of Saxony (1776–1795) arrived too late to restore the credibility and authority of the Court of Appeal.

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3

Milton, Patrick. "Imperial Law versus Geopolitical Interest: The Reichshofrat and the Protection of Smaller Territorial States in the Holy Roman Empire under Charles VI (1711–1740):." English Historical Review 130, no. 545 (July 25, 2015): 831–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cev201.

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4

Forster, Marc R. "The Holy Roman Empire Reconsidered." Social History 36, no. 4 (November 2011): 537–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2011.620245.

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5

Renna, Thomas. "The Holy Roman Empire was Neither Holy, Nor Roman, Nor an Empire1." Michigan Academician 42, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7245/0026-2005-42.1.60.

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ABSTRACT “The Holy Roman Empire was neither Holy nor Roman, nor an Empire.” For the historian, Voltaire's famous quip has three aspects: 1) What did Voltaire mean by it in 1756 when he wrote the line in his Essay on Customs? 2) How did contemporaries, including the Austrian Habsburgs, understand it? 3) Does the quote accurately describe the events the Philosophe is discussing (Charles IV of Bohemia and the Golden Bull of 1356)? Voltaire in fact exaggerates the weakness of the Empire in both 1356 and 1756, and uses an anachronistic standard to evaluate both: the quasi nation states of the 1750s. The three parts of the imperial title had changed in meaning during the four centuries after 1356. The jibe nonetheless reflects something of the thought of Voltaire and the French Enlightenment.

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6

Scott, T. "The Holy Roman Empire 1495-1806/ The Holy Roman Empire, 1495-1806: A European Perspective." German History 31, no. 3 (April 9, 2013): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ght026.

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7

Kaufmann, Thomas Dacosta. "A Census of Drawings from the Holy Roman Empire, 1540–1680, in North American Collections." Central European History 18, no. 1 (March 1985): 70–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900016915.

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The following checklist contains references to drawings by artists active in the lands comprised by the Holy Roman Empire, 1540–1680, regardless of their place of birth. All drawings found in North American collections of which the compiler is aware have been included. This census is intended to complement the exhibition and catalogue Drawings from the Holy Roman Empire 1540–1680: A Selection from North American Collections (Princeton, 1982). The choice of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation as a framework for the selection of drawings is explained in “Drawings from the Holy Roman Empire 1540–1680: An Essay Toward Historical Understanding” (ibid., 3–30). An asterisk (*) marks works that were presented in the exhibition, and discussed at length in the accompanying catalogue.

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8

Palmitessa, James R., and Peter H. Wilson. "The Holy Roman Empire 1495-1806." German Studies Review 25, no. 1 (February 2002): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1433251.

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9

Pan, D. "European Union and Holy Roman Empire." Telos 2016, no. 176 (September 1, 2016): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3817/0916176202.

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10

Dippel, Horst. "The Holy Roman Empire 1495–1806." European Legacy 20, no. 5 (April 13, 2015): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2015.1036516.

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11

Blackbourn, D. "Germany and the Holy Roman Empire." Common Knowledge 20, no. 1 (December 6, 2013): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-2374988.

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12

Rebitsch, R. "The Holy Roman Empire 1495-1806." German History 30, no. 4 (April 2, 2012): 602–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghs028.

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13

Whaley, Joachim. "The Holy Roman Empire, Reconsidered (review)." German Studies Review 35, no. 2 (May 2012): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gsr.2012.a478053.

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14

Kumin, B. "Political Culture in the Holy Roman Empire." German History 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghn080.

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15

Thornhill, Chris. "The Holy Roman Empire and the Law." German History 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0266355406gh366ra.

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16

Kuin, Roger. "Philip Sidney's Travels in the Holy Roman Empire." Renaissance Quarterly 74, no. 3 (2021): 802–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2021.101.

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After his stay in Paris in the summer of 1572, Philip Sidney (1554–86) spent nearly three years abroad, partly at the University of Padua and partly traveling through the Holy Roman Empire. His mentor Hubert Languet (1518–80) made him free of his large international network of friends and acquaintances, so that when the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre forced him to leave France, the seventeen year old could count on a benevolent reception in many places. This essay shows the various politico-religious cultures and structures Sidney learned on his travels through the empire, and incidentally confirms the historical identity of his equestrian mentor Pietro Pugliano.

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17

Popper, N. "Alchemy and Authority in the Holy Roman Empire." Social History of Medicine 22, no. 2 (May 28, 2009): 396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkp018.

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18

Ingrao, Charles, and Jonathan W. Zophy. "An Annotated Bibliography of the Holy Roman Empire." German Studies Review 10, no. 1 (February 1987): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1430457.

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19

Whaley, Joachim. "Central European History and the Holy Roman Empire." Central European History 51, no. 1 (March 2018): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938918000067.

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Central European History (CEH) began to appear at a crucial juncture in the historiography of the Holy Roman Empire. Of course its remit was much broader. Founded sixteen years before the British journal German History, Central European History, together with the Austrian History Yearbook (founded in 1965) and the East European Quarterly (founded in 1967), took over the role occupied between 1941 and 1964 by the Journal of Central European Affairs. Each of these US journals shared an openness to new approaches and to work on all periods since the Middle Ages, as well as a desire—in the words of CEH's inaugural editor, Douglas Unfug—to keep “readers abreast of new literature in the field …,” with “reflective, critical reviews or review articles dealing with works of central importance … [and] bibliographical articles dealing with limited periods or themes…”

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20

Scott, Hamish. "The Changing Face of the Holy Roman Empire." Austrian History Yearbook 48 (April 2017): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237816000680.

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Few institutions have possessed as enduring importance in Europe's history as the Holy Roman Empire. Dating its foundation to Charlemagne's coronation in 800, it survived for a millennium, being dissolved only in 1806 in the face of the overwhelming threat from Napoleonic imperialism. Its geographical extent was equally remarkable: at its peak, imperial territory stretched eastward from the North Sea as far as Poland, and southward from the shores of the Baltic deep into the Italian Peninsula. Around 1800, shortly before its nemesis, the Empire was Europe's second largest polity, with a territorial area of around 687,000 square kilometers. It was eclipsed only by Russia, which during the later-seventeenth and eighteenth century had expanded spectacularly. Its population too was impressive: with around twenty-nine million inhabitants, its only rivals were France and Russia. Claiming descent from ancient Rome, the Empire long embodied the idea of a unified Christendom, while its defensive role against Ottoman expansion from the late fifteenth century onward sustained its religious mission even after the Protestant Reformation. Yet it is often squeezed out of accounts of Europe's past, an exclusion which is particularly evident for the early modern centuries.

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21

Brand, P. "Alchemy and Authority in the Holy Roman Empire." German History 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghp010.

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22

Peterson, Luther D., and Jonathan W. Zophy. "An Annotated Bibliography of the Holy Roman Empire." Sixteenth Century Journal 18, no. 3 (1987): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2540754.

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23

Senchenko, Mykola. "Civilization project "Papal Empire of Rome": from the Holy Roman Empire to the Crusades." Вісник Книжкової палати, no. 6 (June 27, 2022): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36273/2076-9555.2022.6(311).12-19.

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The third article, devoted to the Vatican's desire for world domination, examines the period of implementation of the civilizational project "Papal Empire of Rome" from the Holy Roman Empire to the Crusades.

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24

Keller, Katrin. "Hidden Figures: The Holy Roman Empire as a “Realm of Ladies”." Central European History 55, no. 3 (September 2022): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938922000024.

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AbstractThe aim of this article is to make clear that, although men largely dominated the institutions of the Holy Roman Empire, beyond these constitutional institutions we can find many examples of women's agency. In particular, women of noble and princely families assumed political roles, both in relation to territories and to the empire as a whole. While it would not be correct to reinterpret the Holy Roman Empire as a “realm of ladies,” it seems clear that the empire, as a communicative context and dynastic network, was constituted with the participation of elite women, and that women were important for the ritual perpetuation of the constitution of the empire. In short, it was not only law and the constitution and the actions of men that held the empire together, but also the actions of women, who helped shape networks and politics just as they influenced the transfer of knowledge and culture.

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25

Senchenko, Mykola. "Civilization project "Papal Empire of Rome": from the catacomb period to the Holy Roman Empire." Вісник Книжкової палати, no. 5 (May 26, 2022): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36273/2076-9555.2022.5(310).3-9.

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The second article on the Vatican's aspirations for world domination examines the period from the birth of the civilizational project "Papal Empire of Rome" to the creation of the Holy Roman Empire by the Germans.

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26

SCHWARZ, HANS. "Luther and the Turks." Unio Cum Christo 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.35285/ucc3.1.2017.art8.

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Abstract: Confronted with the military advance of the Turkish Ottoman Empire against the Holy Roman Empire, including the siege of Vienna, Martin Luther wrote several treatises on the Turks. Luther rejected the idea of a war in the name of religion against the Ottoman onslaught, seeing instead the defense of the Holy Roman Empire as the duty of the Emperor. Luther understood the Turkish threat as God’s punishment for the laxity of Christians and so called for repentance and a return to the gospel. Luther wanted the Christians to have ﬁrsthand information about Islam and promoted a translation of the Qur’an in German against many obstacles. The Protestant church in Germany is very cautious about deﬁning a present-day application of Luther’s approach.

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27

Malatsay, I. "RUDOLF I OF HABSBURG – EMPEROR OF HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 133 (2017): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2017.133.2.11.

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28

WILSON, PETER H. "PRUSSIA'S RELATIONS WITH THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, 1740–1786." Historical Journal 51, no. 2 (June 2008): 337–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x08006742.

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ABSTRACTMost writers have taken Frederick II at his word and interpreted his sparse and generally derogatory comments about the Holy Roman Empire as indications of its low priority in Prussian policy after 1740. This article offers a reappraisal, based on a re-examination of his writings and his policy towards the Empire and its principal dynasties. Despite his distaste for the imperial constitution, Frederick swiftly appreciated its significance to his goals of security and international recognition. Certainly, relations with the imperial Estates remained secondary to diplomatic and military engagement with Austria and the other major European powers. Nonetheless, the Empire remained more than an arena in which Austro-Prussian rivalry was played out. The imperial constitution offered a means to neutralize threats to Prussia's more vulnerable provinces and a framework to constrain Habsburg ambitions, while ties to minor German dynasties offered avenues to maintain or improve relations with Europe's leading monarchies that were likewise bound within the elite kinship of the Christian old world. For this to be effective, however, Frederick had to engage in all aspects of imperial politics and not just representation in formal institutions.

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29

Mertens, Bernd. "IV. Die Erbfolgegesetzgebung der Reichstage – zum Rechtsquellenverständnis in der frühen Neuzeit." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 133, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 147–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga-2016-0106.

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Abstract The succession legislation of the Holy Roman Empire - On the understanding of the sources of law in early modern times. Though the succession legislation of the Holy Roman Empire 1498−1529 affected only a small part of private law, it is excellently suited to examine the understanding of the sources of law in early modern times, the interaction between the imperial and territorial legislators, imperial and territorial courts as well as the relationship of imperial law and common law to particular law and customary law. A closer look is also given to the context of this succession legislation, the institutions involved and the final consequences.

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30

Kaufmann, Thomas DaCosta. "Introduction." Central European History 18, no. 1 (March 1985): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900016873.

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This issue of Central European History may at first seem some-what unexpected. All the following papers pertain to the early modern period. All of them moreover originated in connection with an exhibition of works of art, “Drawings from the Holy Roman Empire, 1540–1680. A Selection from North American Collections,” its published catalogue, and a symposium, “The Culture of the Holy Roman Empire, 1540–1680,” held on the occasion of the exhibition's opening. The papers published in this issue are accordingly essays in art, literary, intellectual, and, more generally, cultural history; some words may be needed to explain how they come to appear here now.

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31

Evans, R. J. W. "Culture and Anarchy in the Empire, 1540–1680." Central European History 18, no. 1 (March 1985): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900016885.

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Drawings from the Holy Roman Empire 1540–1680 must have appeared to the untutored eye as a fairly miscellaneous exhibition of drawings, themselves a very miscellaneous genre. Perhaps their only common ground lies in that even more ineffable geographical expression: the Holy Roman Empire. Yet for all the accidental quality of its provenance, the show possessed a certain logic. Let us note two crude facts about it: firstly the threefold and almost equal division between religious and classical subjects and a third group of “modern” topics, landscape and genre—what might be called the new “inquisitive eye”; secondly the clear focus on the years around 1600 and the area of southern Germany and Bohemia. To both of these aspects I shall return in due course.

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32

Hathaway, Ian F. "Luca Scholz, Borders and Freedom of Movement in the Holy Roman Empire, Oxford University Press 2020." Cromohs - Cyber Review of Modern Historiography 23 (March 24, 2021): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/cromohs-12729.

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33

Galina, Talina. "Imperial National Conscience as International Recognition." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 1 (February 1, 2022): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2022-0-1-45-55.

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In the second half of the 17th century and under the conditions of the Westphalian system based on the principles of national state sovereignty, the relations between the empires existing since Middle Ages and Russia, that came to the imperial development scenario only in the New times, entered a new stage. The most morbid reaction to Russian imperial ambitions was demonstrated by the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire. The most important task of Moscow tsars and their diplomats became the task to obtain the Roman Empire’s recognition of the equal status of its rulers and that of the Russian sovereigns. The present article describes how Moscow solved that problem. Special attention is paid to the issue of the Russian tsars titles; to the nuances of diplomatic etiquette related to the work of Russian embassies in the Holy Empire, as well as the reception of the imperial authorized representatives in Russia. In Russian domestic practice the titling of Russian tsars as emperors started with the Latin translation in the official documents addressed to the tsars of the Full Royal title. The specific problem in the relations of the two states remained their affiliation with different confessions. The article describes the attempts of the Holy Roman Empire to recognize the higher international status of Russian tsars in exchange for the permission to hold Catholic services in Russian territory without difficulty.

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34

Banić, Josip. "The Mystery of Merania: A New Solution to Old Problems (Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Croatia-Dalmatia during the Investiture Controversy)." Zgodovinski časopis 75, no. 1-2 (June 20, 2021): 42–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56420/zgodovinskicasopis.2021.1-2.03.

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This paper deals with issues concerning the historical background that engendered the imperial (titular) Duchy of Merania and the modality by which this mysterious territory became part of the Holy Roman Empire. The second part outlines interpretations regarding how this patch of land became part of the Holy Roman Empire. Since there is still no satisfying answer as to how, when precisely, and why this change of jurisdictions took place and who were the main protagonists of this takeover, the author proposes a new solution to this age-old mystery. The takeover of Merania is posited in the second half of the 1070s, that is in the period of Croatian king Zvonimir who fostered enmity with the Holy Roman emperor Henry IV by ofﬁ cially taking the side of the reform papacy and pope Gregory VII during the polarizing Investiture Controversy. It is in this context that the attacks from the direction of Istrian march and the Duchy of Carinthia ensued against Zvonimir’s kingdom, led by a noble knight Wezelin whose identity is discussed in detail; this marks the beginning of the imperial takeover of Merania.

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35

Evans, R. J. W. "COMMUNICATING EMPIRE: THE HABSBURGS AND THEIR CRITICS, 1700–1919." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 19 (November 12, 2009): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440109990065.

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ABSTRACTIn the vibrant current debate about European empires and their ideologies, one basic dichotomy still tends to be overlooked: that between, on the one hand, the plurality of modern empires of colonisation, commerce and settlement; and, on the other, the traditional claim to single and undividedimperiumso long embodied in the Roman Empire and its successor, the Holy Roman Empire, or (First) Reich. This paper examines the tensions between the two, as manifested in the theory and practice of Habsburg imperial rule. The Habsburgs, emperors of the Reich almost continuously through its last centuries, sought to build their own power-base within and beyond it. The first half of the paper examines how by the eighteenth century their ‘Monarchy’, subsisting alongside the Reich, dealt with the associated legacy of empire. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 the Habsburgs could pursue a free-standing Austrian ‘imperialism’, but it rested on an uneasy combination of old and new elements and was correspondingly vulnerable to challenge from abroad and censure at home. The second half of the article charts this aspect of Habsburg government through an age of international imperialism and its contribution to the collapse of the Dual Monarchy in 1918.

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36

Flood, John. "Neglected heroines? Women poets laureate in the Holy Roman Empire." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 84, no. 3 (September 2002): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.84.3.3.

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37

Whaley, Joachim. "The Holy Roman Empire: A Thousand Years of Europe's History." Common Knowledge 23, no. 3 (September 2017): 542–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-3988395.

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38

Poley, Jared. "The Holy Roman Empire: A Thousand Years of Europe’s History." German History 36, no. 1 (March 16, 2017): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghx003.

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39

Keller, Katrin. "Gender and Ritual: Crowning Empresses in the Holy Roman Empire*." German History 37, no. 2 (October 18, 2018): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghy097.

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40

Dixon, C. S. "Political Culture and the Reformation in the Holy Roman Empire." German History 14, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 354–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/14.3.354.

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41

Janacek, Bruce. "The Historic Role of Alchemy in the Holy Roman Empire." Ambix 67, no. 4 (September 18, 2020): 408–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2020.1806518.

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42

Whaley, Joachim. "Borders & Freedom of Movement in the Holy Roman Empire." German History 38, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghaa051.

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43

Janacek, Bruce. ":Alchemy and Authority in the Holy Roman Empire." Sixteenth Century Journal 40, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 1001–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj40540917.

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44

Ellis-Marino, Elizabeth. ":The Holy Roman Empire: A Very Short Introduction." Sixteenth Century Journal 50, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 939–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj5003149.

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45

Serrano del Pozo, Joaquin. "Relics, Images, and Christian Apotropaic Devices in the Roman-Persian Wars (4th-7th Centuries)." Eikon / Imago 11 (March 1, 2022): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/eiko.76706.

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This paper analyses the military use of holy relics, images, and other Christian apotropaic devices in the Roman-Persian wars. I examine a wide range of literary evidence from the 4th to the 7th century exploring where, why, and how different Christian objects were used in military contexts. Moreover, I consider different factors, as the local religious practices or the rivalry between the Christian Roman Empire and Zoroastrian Persia. I argue that the earliest military uses of relics and holy images happened in the context of the Roman-Persian conflict and frontier region, and that, during the 4th-7th centuries, these uses were much more common there than anywhere else. Also, that some local practices of this region could have been adopted by military officers and the Imperial elite. I propose that three factors could explain this: First, the intensity of the cult of relics and images in Syria and the Near East. Second, the growing identification of the Roman Empire as a Christian power between the 4th and 7th centuries. Finally, the Roman-Persian conflict and the climate of religious confrontation that grew over the course of the Byzantine-Sassanian wars.

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46

Spruce, Damian. "Empire and Counter-Empire in the Italian Far Right." Theory, Culture & Society 24, no. 5 (September 2007): 99–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276407081285.

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What old Fascisms and new nationalisms circulate in the political spaces of Europe? Through an analysis of their split on immigration policy in 2003, this article examines the myths and ideologies of the two major far right parties in Italy, the Lega Nord and the Alleanza Nazionale. It argues that the anti-imperial mythology of the Lega, based on the defence of Lombardy against the Holy Roman Empire, has led it into a modernist politics of territoriality, borders and homogeneity. On the other hand, the Alleanza Nazionale has used its Fascist heritage, and in particular the mythologizing of the Roman empire, to open up a postmodern imperial politics, involving the expansion of borders, and the incorporation of new peoples and territories. Through the use of interviews with militants and deputies, it looks at how the Alleanza has re-articulated imperial Fascist mythologies within a new pro-European Union discourse, while the Lega has maintained its role of protest against deterritorialization despite the seeming inevitability of the territorial integration.

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47

Pierce, Robert A. ":Animating Empire: Automata, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Early Modern World." Sixteenth Century Journal 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj5002158.

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Marinčič, Marko. "The Roman Empire as a paradigm in politics and literature." Ars & Humanitas 16, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ars.16.1.5-6.

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This thematic issue is not simply about political appropriations of Rome and its empire in later times (e. g. Byzantium as a New Rome, the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation, the US as the final goal of the translatio imperii from the East to the West, etc.). Instead, it is dedicated to the role specific paradigmatic patterns related to the Roman Empire played in political imaginaries and literature. The initiative for this collection of papers originated in the research project “Empire and Transformation of Genre in Roman Literature”, funded by the Slovenian Research Agency (J6-2585). A live conference on the topic was planned for 2021 but had to be called off for obvious reasons. In spite of this, the virtual exchange of ideas between the contributors amounted to forming an ad hoc research group that is supposed to come together again, in person, at a forthcoming international event.

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Hamza, Gábor. "The Life and Scientific Work of James Bryce, Author of "The Holy Roman Empire"." Polgári szemle 19, no. 1-3 (2023): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24307/psz.2023.0919.

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Dr. iur. DDr. h. c. Gábor Hamza, professor of law, full member of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, analyses James Bryce’s work titled The Holy Roman Empire, pointing out its significance in the first half of the 21st century.

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Bezhuk, O. M. "Religious relics of Italy." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 91 (November 16, 2018): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9123.

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Religions have always played a significant role in the formation of the statehood and development of such powerful states as the Byzantine Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kievan Rus, or the Empire of Charlemagne. Peculiarities of the national culture are dictated by its faith. This is due to the fact that folk traditions, mentality, political structure, peculiarities of the historical trajectory of each nation including the religious development, have a tremendous influence on the religious aspects of nations and states. Religious attitudes, religious morality, practice of ceremonies, and church institutions deeply penetrate into everyday lives of people and countries in particular, largely determine their local originality as well as national and cultural identity. In general, the influence of religious-confessional factors is felt at all levels of organization of society’s life. The diversity of its manifestations is unlimited, and basically, it is not the impact on the life, but the life itself. This thesis should always be remembered either when illuminating the tourist resources of the country or the conditions of organization of the tourism business. The article is referred to the religious tourism in Italy – the country on the territory of which Christianity (Holy Roman Empire) arose. The article concideres such religious objects of Rome as Vatican, the Basilica of St. Peter, the area around the Capitol, religious practices of the city of Loreto called the Holy House, as well as the worship of sacred Turin Shroud.

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