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1
ΤΣΙΟΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ. "ΣΧΟΛΙΑ ΣΕ ΜΙΑ ΧΑΡΤΙΝΗ ΕΙΚΟΝΑ ΤΟΥ ΒΟΡΤΟΛΙ". Μνήμων 27 (1 січня 2005): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mnimon.819.
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<p>Stephanos Tsiodoulos, Comments on a copper engraving of Bortoli</p><p>In this article we present a copper engraving of the Transfiguration of Christ, printed in the printing house of Bortoli, and we attempt to relate it with the village Kalota in Zagori of Epirus. In the central church of the village Kalota we found copies of the afore-mentioned copper engraving. This engraving bears under the representation the inscription: Η ΜΕΤΑΜΟΡΦΩΣΙΣ TOY ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΕΙΣ ΚΑΛΟΤΑ. Also, under the decorative border that surrounds the representation, on the left side, there is the following inscription: Ε'νετίηση Παρά Άντωνίω τω Βόρτολι. The engraving should be dated before the year 1788, in which Bortoli printed his last book. It should be indicated that the central church of the village, which was built or restored in 1736, is dedicated to the Transfiguration of Christ. According to oral testimonies of the inhabitants of Kalota, in the past, every year on the 6th of August, day of the patronal feast of the church, the church wardens used to carry the collection-plare around the churchyard, in which they had placed the copper engraving of the Transfiguration of Christ. Afterwards, according to the procedure of the auction, the person who would offer the largest sum of money would become the possessor of the engraving. The above-mentioned custom stopped in the mid 1950's. The engraving used to be offered aswell to the person who would give the largest sum of money, in order to hold the cross during the procession of the Epitaph on the evening of Good Friday or in order to hold the icon of the Resurrection on the evening of Holy Saturday. Also, this engraving used to be given as a blessing by the church to the newly married couples. According to what we mentioned above, the copper engraving of the Transfiguration of Christ should be related closely with the village Kalota of Epirus.</p>
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Beck, Peter J. "Fifty years on: putting the Antarctic Treaty into the history books." Polar Record 46, no. 1 (2009): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247409990210.
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Recent media coverage of the threatened collapse of the vast Wilkins ice shelf highlights the manner in which the established focus on global warming and the ozone hole has led Antarctica to be well and truly accepted as playing an integral role in global environmental systems. By contrast, histories of the 1950 and 1960s continue still to treat Antarctica largely as, to quote Philip Quigg (1983), ‘a Pole Apart’, that is a marginal region struggling for inclusion on most world maps. Despite the occasional newsworthy item, like the 1952 Anglo-Argentine clash at Hope Bay (Beck 1987: 18–21) or the 1955–1958 British Trans-Antarctic Expedition (Fuchs and Hillary 1958), Antarctic affairs have not been regarded, except perhaps in Argentina, Australia, Chile and New Zealand, as sufficiently mainstream during the 1950s and 1960s to warrant inclusion in national or global histories covering that period. As a result, it remains easy still to gloss over the 1959 Antarctic Treaty as possessing rather limited contemporary significance, and hence to dismiss it as a limited purpose agreement confined to a relatively marginal area. Indeed, for some commentators, the treaty was even interpreted as a lost opportunity in terms of failing either to internationalise the region or to resolve the longstanding Antarctic sovereignty problem.
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Somorjai, Ádám. "Báthory András római bíborosi címtemploma, a pannóniai szláv misszió és Szent Adorján kultuszának összefüggései." Studia Theologica Transsylvaniensia 23, no. 1 (2020): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52258/stthtr.2020.1.01.
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In the year 2019 were celebrated the thousand years of the foundation of the Zalavár Benedictine Monastery under the Patrocinium of Saint Hadrian the Martyr on the western shore of the Lake Balaton in Hungary, and this is an occasion to contemplate the significance of this place and of this heritage. Though the Abbey is not existent after 1950, its beginnings are more important in the Carolingian Empire, after the Avar Period, as the Salzburg Benedictine missionaries christianized the territory and as the Slavic Prince Pribina came under Carolingian rule. It was this time to found the first church of Saint Hadrian, a Martyr in Nicomedia in the times of Diocletian’s persecution and which relics were translated to Rome in the 5th or 6th Century. The cult became important in this Church, which building was identical with the Roman Curia, i. e. the Senate, and the consecration of this church on September 8th became the feast of the Saint in the Occident. This became a titular church and was the titular church of the Transylvanian Cardinal András Báthory, in the 16th century. Turning to Pribina, he gathered Saints Cyril and Methodius and their pupils in this church and against the opposition of the Archbishops of Salzburg, gained Pontifical permission of Pope Hadrian II to celebrate Christian liturgy in Slavic language in his Province and the nomination of Methodius to Metropolite of Pannonia. This early beginnings were important for the Hungarian christianization and explain why Saint Stephen the first King of Hungary received so easily the Roman blessings, i. e. the Holy Crown and the erection of the Metropoly of Esztergom in his kingdom. In medieval Hungary the name of the kingdom was alternating “Hungary” and “Pannonia”, in Christian inter- pretation “Pannonia Sacra”. This aspect could help to concile Slavic (e. g. Slovakian) and Hungarian interpretation of their common history. This history is living today in the use of the word “Church”, which originates of the Latin word “Castellum” (etymon of the city name “Keszthely” at the Lake Balaton), which is in the Western Slavic languages: “Kosciól” (Polish), “Kostel” (Czech and Slovak). In Polish means both as building and as gathering of people, in Czech and Slovak only as building. In Hungarian the use of the Latin word “templum” is rooted, as building. Common heritage of the ancient Roman word “Castellum”.
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Hardy, Hugh W. "On: “Well logging—A 25‐year perspective,” by D. D. Snyder and D. B. Fleming (GEOPHYSICS, 50, 2504–2529, December 1985)." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 7 (1986): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442200.
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In reading the review by Snyder and Fleming in which they emphasized “those developments which we deem significant or which we have learned are held significant by our colleagues,” I was dumbfounded by the total absence of any mention of Humble Oil & Refining Co.’s leadership in the development of the two‐receiver, continuous velocity logging tool. That tool employed the techniques contained in W. D. Mounce’s patent number 2 200 476 on “Measurements of acoustical properties of materials” which was applied for in December, 1935, and approved in May, 1940. The Humble Seismic Velocity Logger was used to log a shallow core hole near Ozona, TX, on October 18, 1949, and the first deep hole velocity logging operation was achieved on March 5, 1951, in the Ida Rosenbaum no. 1 well in Washington County, Texas. The formal announcement of Humble’s success was in the paper “Seismic velocity logging” by W. D. Mounce, C. L. Hubbard, C. J. Charske, and H. P. Kuppers of Humble’s Geophysics Research Section, presented on November 20, 1951, at the Fifth Annual Midwestern Meeting of the SEG in Dallas, TX.
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Proshutinsky, A. Yu, J. M. Toole, R. A. Krishfield, et al. "90 years of Arctic Ocean Exploration at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution." Journal of Oceanological Research 48, no. 3 (2020): 164–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2020.48(3).10.
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In 2020, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) celebrates 90 years of research, education, and exploration of the World Ocean. Since inception this has included Arctic studies. In fact, WHOI’s first technical report is on the oceanographic data obtained during the submarine “Nautilus” polar expedition in 1931. In 1951 and 1952, WHOI scientists supervised the collection of hydrographic data during the U.S. Navy SkiJump I & II expeditions utilizing ski-equipped aircraft landings in the Beaufort Sea, and inferred the Beaufort Gyre circulation cell and existence of a mid-Arctic ridge. Later classified studies, particularly concerning under-ice acoustics, were conducted by WHOI personnel from Navy and Air Force ice camps. With the advent of simple satellite communications and positioning, WHOI oceanographers began to deploy buoys on sea ice to obtain surface atmosphere, ice, and upper ocean time series data in the central Arctic beginning in 1987. Observations from these first systems were limited technologically to discrete depths and constrained by power considerations, satellite throughput, as well as high costs. As technologies improved, WHOI developed the drifting Ice-Tethered Profiler (ITP) to obtain vertically continuous upper ocean data several times per day in the ice-covered basins and telemeter the data back in near real time to the lab. Since the 1980s, WHOI scientists have also been involved in geological, biological, ecological and geochemical studies of Arctic waters, typically from expeditions utilizing icebreaking vessels, or air supported drifting platforms. Since the 2000s, WHOI has maintained oceanographic moorings on the Beaufort Shelf and in the deep Canada Basin, the latter an element of the Beaufort Gyre Observing System (BGOS). BGOS maintains oceanographic moorings via icebreaker, and conducts annual hydrographic and geochemical surveys each summer to document the Beaufort Gyre freshwater reservoir that has changed significantly since earlier investigations from the 1950s–1980s. With the experience and results demonstrated over the past decades for furthering Arctic research, WHOI scientists are well positioned to continue to explore and study the polar oceans in the decades ahead
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Patek, Artur. "Kolekcja Czesława Horaina w zbiorach Archiwum Instytutu Polskiego i Muzeum im. gen. Sikorskiego w Londynie jako źródło do badań nad dziejami Polaków w Ziemi Świętej." Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny 47, no. 1 (179) (2021): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.21.011.13323.
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The Czesław Horain collection in the Archive of the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum in London as a source of studies on the history of Poles in the Holy Land Czesław Horain (1904–1966), an engineer and amateur historian, resided in Palestine from 1940 until his death, arriving there as a war refugee. He collected materials about Poles in the Holy Land for many years. He was the author of the pioneering unpublished work entitled Bio-bibliografia polsko-palestyńska generalna (A.D. 990–1950), which he wrote in Jerusalem. The biobibliography contains lists of printed works and manuscripts, as well as documentation concerning any Poles who ever visited the Holy Land. The Horain collection, in the form of index cards and the collector’s notes and comments, included over 15,000 items. In 1993, part of the collection, previously kept in Jerusalem, was brought to the Archive of the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum in London. It is kept in the fonds with the reference number Kol. 551. The article aims to provide a closer look at this fonds, to answer what its subject matter is and what type of materials it contains, as well as where and when the group of documents was created and according to what criteria it was assembled. So far, the collection has not been studied or cited by historians. It should be introduced into scientific circulation because it considerably improves the current state of knowledge about the history of Poles in Palestine. Streszczenie: Czesław Horain (1904–1966), z wykształcenia inżynier, z zamiłowania historyk, przebywał w Palestynie od 1940 r. aż do śmierci. Trafił tam jako uchodźca wojenny. Przez wiele lat zbierał materiały dotyczące Polaków w Ziemi Świętej. W czasie pobytu w Jerozolimie opracował pionierską, ale nieogłoszoną drukiem „Bio-bibliografię polsko-palestyńską generalną (A.D. 990–1950)”. Zawierała ona wykazy prac drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych, a także dokumentację dotyczącą Polaków, którzy kiedykolwiek przewinęli się przez Ziemię Świętą. Biobibliografia, w formie fiszek i materiałów warsztatowych, obejmowała ponad 15 tys. pozycji. W 1993 r. część zbiorów, przechowywana dotąd w Jerozolimie, trafiła do Archiwum Instytutu Polskiego i Muzeum im. gen. Sikorskiego w Londynie. Stanowi zespół oznaczony sygnaturą Kol. 551. Artykuł jest próbą przybliżenia tego zespołu. Stara się odpowiedzieć, co jest przedmiotem zbioru i jakiego rodzaju materiały zawiera, gdzie i kiedy ten zbiór powstał, jakie były kryteria jego gromadzenia. Jak dotąd kolekcja nie została rozpoznana przez badaczy. Powinna wejść w obieg naukowy, ponieważ w znaczącym stopniu uzupełnia stan wiedzy o dziejach Polaków w Palestynie.
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Prokofiev, Alexander I. "“THE HOLY ALLIANCE OF IDEOLOGY AND HISTORY”: DISCOURSE OF SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY 1940-1955 ABOUT THE THIRTEEN YEARS' WAR 1654-1667." Voprosy vseobshchei istorii, no. 24 (2021): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26170/2413-872x_2021_24_12.
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Coffey, Joan L. "Of Catechisms and Sermons: Church-State Relations in France, 1890–1905." Church History 66, no. 1 (1997): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3169632.
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The years from 1890 to 1905 were tumultuous ones for church-state relations in France. The Third Republic (1870–1940) sought a more secular state while remaining ever mindful that the majority of French were at least nominally Roman Catholic. Anticlericalism became the unifying theme of an otherwise factious government, and a formal separation of church and state took place in 1905. The church in France, for its part, dreamed of reviving its former power and influence. Some in the church looked back and saw the restoration of the monarchy as the way to realize the dream; others worked to establish a presence in the modern world of factories and department stores. All were concerned with the decline in the number of communicants and the growth of socialism. Feeling threatened and increasingly forced into a defensive stance, the church determined to hold ground and, periodically, even to go on the offensive.
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Liu, Jianghua. "COHORT MARRIAGE KINETICS IN THE CONTEXT OF MIGRATION, WITH A CASE STUDY OF JAPAN, 1920–1940." Journal of Biosocial Science 48, no. 5 (2015): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932015000437.
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SummaryThe concept of marriage squeeze expects a positive association between marriage formation and the availability of preferred mates. Previous research to test the hypothesis has had mixed results owing to inconsistent marriage measures, inconsistent age focuses and insufficient attention to migration. This study derives kinetics equations of marriage formation to link cohort age-specific mate availability to migration-adjusted marriage rate/incidence, a measure in contrast to nominal marriage rate. On testing the equations with Japanese census data for 1920–1940, it is found that, in female cohorts, mate availability impacts first marriage rate at the life-course stage from 15–19 to 20–24 years, but not at later stages. Among young females, the decline in mate availability accounted for about 21% of the decline in first marriage rate over the period 1920–1940, when there was a trend towards later but not less marriage in Japan. The study suggests that the flexibility of mate/spouse choice in females varies along the marriageable life course and is more manifest at older ages. At young ages, however, the marriage squeeze hypothesis could hold, presumably because young women are evolutionarily shaped to be choosier, perhaps postponing their marriages when preferred mates are in short supply.
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Barry, Carolina. "Girls from Argentine provinces: notes about the inclusion and representation of women in constitutional legislatures and conventions between 1951 and 1955." Quinto Sol 25, no. 1 (2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19137/qs.v25i1.4163.
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This article analyzes the numbers of women elected to hold positions in the provincial legislatures and the constitutional conventions of three new provinces since the first election in which they voted until the fall of the Juan Domingo Perón government. The elections of 1951, 1953, 1954 and 1955 are examined. At the same time, the figures obtained in these elections are compared with the national ones and those stipulated years later with the Quota and Gender Parity law.
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Dallavalle, Nancy A. "In Memory of Catherine Mowry LaCugna (1952-97)." Horizons 24, no. 2 (1997): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900017175.
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Catherine Mowry LaCugna died on Saturday, May 3, 1997, at the age of forty-four, after a long battle with breast cancer. She was the Nancy Reeves Dreux Professor of Theology at the University of Notre Dame, the recipient of the Sheedy award for excellence in teaching, and the author of God for Us: The Trinity and Christian Life, which won the First Place Award from the Catholic Press Association in 1992. She edited the collection Freeing Theology: The Essentials of Theology in Feminist Perspective, and published numerous articles as well as her dissertation on the methodology of Hans Küng. At the time of her death, she had received a Lilly grant to work on a book on the Holy Spirit during the academic year 1997-98.As her doctoral student I had the privilege of listening to her think aloud over a number of years, and found that her formidable intellect and deep sense of pastoral compassion were not complementary powers but the fruits of a single-minded focus on the Holy. For Catherine, the movement of creation from God and to God (exitus-reditus) was no mere model, but a deeply held conviction about the origin and end of the world and its creatures, herself included. Her theological writings reflected the directness of her engagement with the reality of God and, indeed, her disposition before this mystery had a monastic familiarity in its combination of fearlessness and utter humility. Her view of the world was both precise and thoroughly undomesticated; despair, artifice, and sentiments were sins against the Spirit that ignored the factum of the abiding presence of God.
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Peterson, Richard A. "Why 1955? Explaining the advent of rock music." Popular Music 9, no. 1 (1990): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000003767.
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At the time, 1929, 1939, 1945 and 1968 all seemed important turning points in the track of our civilisation. By contrast, as anyone alive at the time will attest, 1955 seemed like an unexceptional year in the United States at least. Right in the middle of the ‘middle-of-the-road’ years of the Eisenhower presidency, 1955 hardly seemed like the year for a major aesthetic revolution. Yet it was in the brief span between 1954 and 1956 that the rock aesthetic displaced the jazz-based aesthetic in American popular music. Frank Sinatra, Tommy Dorsey, Patty Page, Perry Como, Nat King Cole, Tony Bennett, Kay Starr, Les Paul, Eddie Fisher, Jo Stafford, Frankie Lane, Johnnie Ray and Doris Day gave way on the popular music charts to Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, The Platters, Bill Haley, Buddy Holly, Little Richard, Carl Perkins and the growing legion of rockers.
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Rogozny, Р. G. "Bolsheviks and the Holy Relics." Modern History of Russia 10, no. 4 (2020): 989–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2020.411.
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The article explores the opening of religious relics in the first years of Soviet power and the reaction to this opening by “popular оrthodoxy”. Holy relics — the bones and imperishable remains of holy people — are revered in both the Orthodox and Catholic churches. In 1918–1920, the Bolsheviks, knowing popular belief in the incorruption of Holy relics, organized the opening of Church relics, and instead of imperishable relics found only bones. Government officials, priests, and doctors were appointed to the Commission responsible for opening relics of saints. Thus, the Soviet authorities tried to discredit the Church. The organizers of the company for opening relics were those who before the Revolution were linked to the Orthodox Church. These were either former priests or people who served in the Synod. The opening of the relics was a great shock for the faithful and a great success for the new authorities. Instead of imperishable relics, the tombs were found at best with rotted bones. The results of this campaign were published in the press and were actively used by Soviet power later.
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Kornat, Marek. "Stolica Apostolska w polskiej polityce zagranicznej na uchodźstwie (Wrzesień 1939 – czerwiec 1940)." Polski Przegląd Stosunków Miedzynarodowych, no. 5 (May 3, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/ppsm.2015.05.02.
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The Holy See In Polish Foreign Policy of the Government on exile (September 1939 — June 1940) The article is devoted to the reexamining of the policy of Polish Government on exile toward the Holy See after Poland’s defeat in September 1939 and the reestablishment of the legal authorities of Poland in France, under President Raczkiewicz and General Sikorski as Prime Minister. Terminus ad quem of the narration is the collapse of France and transfer of the Government of Poland to London in June 1940. Problems of Vatican’s perception of Polish Question is discussed on the basis of Polish archival documents, especially those of Polish Embassy to the Holy See. Vatican-Polish relations at the beginning of the World War II require special attention because the last treatment of this highly debatable problem was made in historiography by Zofia Waszkiewicz more than thirty five years ago in her monograph Polityka Watykanu wobec Polski 1939–1945 [Policy of the Vatican toward Poland 1939—1945] (Warsaw 1980). How much Polish diplomacy achieved fighting for the Holy See’s support against Nazi Germany? Two things must be said. Firstly, the Holy See recognized the legal continuity of Polish State after the German-Soviet occupation of Poland’s territory in September 1939, but did not sent the papal nuncio to Angers, when Polish Government resided. Secondly, Polish thesis on the special significance of Polish Question as the test-case of international justice received the positive response of the Pope Pius XII in his encyclical Summi Pontificatus published on October 20 1939, but the guidelines of Vatican’s policy were based on the doctrine of strict neutrality of the Papacy in the international relations. It did not permit for Papal condemnation ex officio of the Nazi crimes and criminal policy of extermination in Poland.
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Williams, Paul D. "How Did They Do It? Explaining Queensland Labor's Second Electoral Hegemony." Queensland Review 18, no. 2 (2011): 112–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/qr.18.2.112.
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Australia's entrenched liberal democratic traditions of a free media, fair and frequent elections and robust public debate might encourage outside observers to assume Australia is subject to frequent changes in government. The reality is very different: Australian politics have instead been ‘largely unchanged’ since the beginning of our bipolar party system in 1910 (Aitkin 1977, p. 1), with Australians re-electing incumbents on numerous occasions for decades on end. The obvious federal example is the 23-year dominance of the Liberal-Country Party Coalition, first elected in 1949 and re-endorsed at the following eight House of Representatives elections. Even more protracted electoral hegemonies have been found at state level, including Labor's control of Tasmania (1934–82, except for 1969–72) and New South Wales (1941–65), and the Liberals' hold on Victoria (1952–82) and South Australia (1938–65, most unusually under one Premier, Thomas Playford). It is therefore not a question of whether parties can enjoy excessively long hegemonies in Australia; it is instead one of how they achieve it.
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MUROTANI, KENTA, BIN ZHOU, HIDEAKI KANEDA, et al. "SURVIVAL OF CENTENARIANS IN JAPAN." Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 06 (2014): 707–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932014000388.
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SummaryThe objective of the study was to explore the survival trends of centenarians in Japan. A cohort of centenarians born between 1881 and 1900 was analysed based on national census data, and the average life expectancy at 100 years of age, risk of death and maximum age were estimated. An analysis of covariance and a Cox regression analysis were performed to explore the factors associated with life expectancy and risk of death. The death rates in centenarians tended to decrease with birth year, and the average life expectancy from the age of 100 slightly increased at a rate of 0.013 years (95% CI: 0.007–0.019) by birth year in men and 0.026 in women. Women had a longer life expectancy than men, with a difference of 0.174 years (95% CI: 0.071–0.277) at birth year 1881 and increasing by 0.013 years per year thereafter. The risk of death in both sexes decreased significantly by birth year over the course of the period analysed, and the risk of death in men was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.14–1.19) times that of women. In women, death rates at every age significantly decreased with birth year over the course of the period analysed until age 104. However, this trend did not hold true for ages 105 and older. The average life expectancy of centenarians at the age of 100 in Japan increased by birth year in the 1881–1900 birth cohort. In addition, Japanese centenarians had the lowest death rates among several countries.
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Zazulie, Natalia, Matilde Rusticucci, and Susan Solomon. "Changes in Climate at High Southern Latitudes: A Unique Daily Record at Orcadas Spanning 1903–2008." Journal of Climate 23, no. 1 (2010): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3074.1.
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Abstract The climate observations at Orcadas represent the only southern high-latitude site where data span more than a century, and its daily measurements are presented for the first time in this paper. Although limited to a single station, the observed warming trends are among the largest found anywhere on the earth, facilitating the study of changes in extreme temperatures as well as averages. Factors that may influence Antarctic climate include natural variability; changes in greenhouse gases; and, since about the mid-1970s, the development of the ozone hole. The seasonality of observed warming and its temporal evolution during the century are both key for interpretations of Antarctic climate change. No statistically significant climate trends are observed at Orcadas from 1903 to 1950. However, statistically significant warming is evident at Orcadas throughout all four seasons of the year since 1950. Particularly in austral fall and winter, the warming of the cold extremes (coldest 5% and 10% of days) substantially exceeds the warming of the mean or of the warmest days, providing a key indicator for cold season Antarctic climate change studies. Trends in the summer season means and extremes since 1970 are approximately twice as large as those observed earlier, supporting suggestions of additional regional warming in that season because of the effects of ozone depletion on the circulation. Further, in the spring and summer seasons, significant mean warming also occurred prior to the development of the Antarctic ozone hole (i.e., 1950–70), supporting an important role for processes other than ozone depletion, such as greenhouse gas increases, for the climate changes.
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Becker, Kyle M., Robert H. Headrick, and Thomas C. Weber. "“Mud acoustics” and the ocean acoustics program." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015675.
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Shallow water acoustics is one of the major thrusts of the Office of Naval Research Ocean Acoustics Program and has been an important area of interest to Navy programs since at least the work of Pekeris, Ewing, and Worzel in the 1940’s. In the 1950’s and early 1960’s, there was a flurry of activity both in the US and UK focused on propagation within and reflection from the seabed and the acoustical characteristics marine sediments. This work formed the basis of a research program carried out by the applied ocean acoustics branch of the acoustics division at the Naval Research Laboratory in the 1970’s. In April 1991, with the Cold War coming to an end, and a shift in interest from blue water to the littorals, ONR sponsored a workshop on shallow water acoustics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. This meeting, including underwater acousticians, geologists, geophysicists, and physical oceanographers, largely set the stage for the next 30 years of shallow water acoustics research supported by ONR. Prominent efforts include the ONR Geoclutter Program and the Shallow Water 2006 experiments, both focused on regions dominated by sandy bottoms. This talk describes more recent efforts in regions characterized by muddy bottoms.
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O’Mahony, Anthony. "The Vatican, Palestinian Christians, Israel, and Jerusalem: Religion, Politics, Diplomacy, and Holy Places, 1945–1950." Studies in Church History 36 (2000): 358–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400014534.
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The years 1945–9 were a time of profound political and social transformation for Palestine. Few other periods in its history match these changes, which left no community unaffected. The overwhelming Palestinian-Arab Christian and Muslim community was reduced from a majority to a minority, subject to the rule of a staunchly nationalistic Jewish and Zionist state. The events of 1948–9 were particularly devastating. A large number of Palestinians became refugees, including approximately fifty to seventy per cent of the Palestinian Christian population. Nearly half of the Christian community of Jerusalem had lived and had their businesses in the more modern and developed western sector of the city until Israeli occupation; their property was sequestered after they fled or were compelled to leave. Most of them were forced to seek refuge in the Old City, in monasteries and other Church buildings. Many others were forced to flee elsewhere, some leaving the former Mandate territory altogether.
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Bon, Oleksandr. "Sofia committee of AUAC: archaeological explorations in Sofia Kyivska in 1920-th." Materials and studies on archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian area 24 (December 24, 2020): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/mdapv.2020-24-458-466.
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Sofia committee of the All-Ukrainian Archaeological Committee lead by the VUAN academician Oleksa Petrovych Novytskyi, made a lot to research and preserve the most important Rus`-Ukrainian memorial – Sofia Kyivska. Significant efforts have been done to preserve the icons, frescos, and mosaics of the cathedral. Effort of AUAC and Sofia committee to reconstruct and restore the memorial in 1920–1930-th is also analysed. Archaeological field works carried out in 1920-th still remain not well known despite the fact that they were exceptionally important, although not supported by authorities. It is confirmed that planned extensive archaeological excavations were not carried out because of lack of funds. Archaeological works were strongly needed when some parts of the building were ruined by collapses on its territory. For example, in July 1924 a great hole was appeared between the bell tower and Small Sofia. Regretfully, Sofia Committee scientists could not analyse the hole, because without their knowledge the hole was filled out with trash by workers who repaired the cathedral. Next year one more hole near the North wall of Sofia appeared. It is stated that scientists with material and organizational support of the communal department (workers and instruments were provided) archaeological excavation were completed. Sofia Committee created a separate commission lead by O Novytskyi to explore places of hole and underpasses, which were opened to understand the first priority steps needed to begin the research. It is noted that archaeological part was lead by Petro Kurinnyi, Valeria Kozlovska, Kateryna Melnyk-Antonovych, Mykhailo Rydnytskyi, Vasyl Lyaskoronskyi. Later, due to emigration of others researchers, excavation has been led by M. Lyaskoronskyi. He published the short summary in which the main results of works were shown, materials of which belonged to ХІХ century and construction (cellar) was dated back to XVII–XVIIІ centuries. O Novytskyi in his short note, which is stored in the archive of Sofia Committee, described main architectural elements of the cellar and the underpasses that lead to it. It is confirmed that Sofia Committee want to create a cover over the memorial for research and touristic purposes but was not granted with sufficient funds. Despite the absence of new excavations at the site existing results are interesting and important for modern researchers. Key words: All-Ukrainian Archaeological Committee, Sofia Kyivska, Sofia Committee, archaeological excavations, Oleksa Novytskyi, Vasyl Lyaskoronskyi.
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Bailey, James A. "Reproductive success in female mountain goats." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 12 (1991): 2956–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-416.
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Kid production by marked females, age ratios from a 24-year study, and the literature are used to evaluate hypotheses that three intrinsic and three extrinsic factors affect reproduction by female Rocky Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus). On Sheep Mountain – Gladstone Ridge, Colorado, mountain goat age ratios declined while the herd grew during 1966–1979, and continued to decline with population stability during 1980–1989, suggesting a continued increase in ecological density of goats 39 years after they were introduced in 1950. Among intrinsic factors, age and persisting individual characteristics have influenced reproductive success of females. Reproductive success in any year has not limited success in the following year, except in 4-year-olds. Among extrinsic factors, reproductive success of female mountain goats has been negatively influenced by density or ecological density and by snowpack during gestation. Reproductive success of females may have been positively influenced by snowpack that enhanced forage conditions prior to breeding. The relative importance of these six factors in determining reproductive success of females may vary among and (temporally) within herds. Most hypotheses regarding reproductive success in female mountain goats remain poorly tested. Short-term observational studies hold little promise for testing hypotheses, owing to large among-years variation in reproductive success. Long-term, intensive observational studies, or manipulative experiments, are suggested.
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Wheeler, Geraldine. "Frank Wesley: The Queensland years." Queensland Review 28, no. 1 (2021): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2021.1.
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AbstractA little-known piece of Queensland’s art history is that the Indian artist Frank Wesley lived and worked in Queensland for nearly thirty years. From Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Wesley completed his art studies in India, Japan and the United States. He won the competition to design the urn that would hold the ashes of Mahatma Gandhi and had paintings exhibited in the Vatican Museum in Rome in 1950. His Blue Madonna painting was reproduced on the first UNICEF Christmas card. Wesley spent the last third of his life in Nambour. While he may chiefly be considered a watercolourist in the Indian Lucknow style, his media and practice were far more diverse. This article seeks to provide a brief overview of the work achieved by Wesley over this time, featuring biblical and Christian themes, and also landscapes and figurative pieces in a wide range of media and styles from various traditions. Among these are styles that emerged in more distinctive ways during his Nambour years, including the incorporation of the human figure or the hand of God in the landscape after seeing Indigenous rock art, and also the contrasting designs for two stained-glass windows.
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Kgatle, Mookgo Solomon. "SOCIOLOGICAL AND THEOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT CAUSED SCHISMS IN THE APOSTOLIC FAITH MISSION OF SOUTH AFRICA." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 42, no. 1 (2016): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/1216.
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The Apostolic Faith Mission (AFM) of South Africa has experienced schisms from the year 1910 to 1958. The schisms were caused by sociological and theological factors. These are schisms by the Zionist churches (Zion Apostolic Church, Christian Catholic Apostolic Holy Spirit Church in Zion, Zion Apostolic Faith Mission); Latter Rain; Saint John Apostolic Faith Mission and Protestant Pentecostal Church. The sociological factors that led to the schisms by the Zionist churches and the Protestant Pentecostal Church are identified as racial segregation and involvement in politics respectively. The theological factors that caused these schisms by Latter Rain and Saint John Apostolic Faith Mission are manifestations of the Holy Spirit and divine healing respectively. After comparison of the factors, it is concluded that racial segregation is the main factor that caused schisms in the AFM.
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Prothero, Stephen. "On the Holy Road: The Beat Movement as Spiritual Protest." Harvard Theological Review 84, no. 2 (1991): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000008166.
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For the beat generation of the 1940s and 1950s, dissertation time is here. Magazine and newspaper critics have gotten in their jabs. Now scholars are starting to analyze the literature and legacy of the beat writers. In the last few years biographers have lined up to interpret the lives of Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William Burroughs, and publishers have rushed into print a host of beat journals, letters, memoirs, and anthologies. The most recent Dictionary of Literary Biography devotes two large volumes to sixty-seven beat writers, including Neal Cassady, Herbert Huncke, Gary Snyder, Gregory Corso, John Clellon Holmes, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Philip Lamantia, Peter Orlovsky, Michael McClure, and Philip Whalen.
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Cody, Martin. "Monitoring Breeding Bird Populations in Grand Teton National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 20 (January 1, 1996): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1996.3273.
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This report covers year 2 of a three year project, 1995-1997 inclusive, to instigate a permanent program of monitoring landbird species composition and densities in a variety of representative habitats within Grand Teton National Park (GTNP). Habitats range from grassland and sagebrush on the valley floor of Jackson Hole (around 1900 m) through a range of scrub, woodland, and tall foothill forest vegetation types to montane sites of subalpine fir and tundra (ca. 3000 m). The monitoring program is intended to provide data on year-to-year fluctuations in breeding bird species and densities, and document longer-term changes (if any) in the local avifauna of resident and migratory species. The data base will document variability in size of breeding populations among years, local shifts in distribution and abundance over habitat types, and potentially form an information source on which management and conservation decisions might be based.
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Pataki, Márta, Kamilla Polyák, Dezső Németh, and Ágnes Szokolszky. "80 years’ history of psychology in the University of Szeged (1929–2009)." Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle 64, no. 4 (2009): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/mpszle.64.2009.4.3.
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Imre Sándor, a pedagógia professzora az 1920-as évek közepén felismerte, hogy külön intézetet kellene alapítani a pszichológiaoktatás számára a szegedi egyetemen. 1926 októberében felterjesztette kérelmét a bölcsészkari vezetés felé, Málnási Bartók György, a Filozófia Tanszék professzora támogatása mellett. 1929. december 18-án Klebelsberg Kuno vallás- és közoktatásügyi miniszter megalapította a Pedagógia Lélektani Intézetet a szegedi egyetemen, és kinevezte az új intézet élére Várkonyi Hildebrand Dezső (1988–1971) bencés paptanárt. Ezzel Magyarországon elsőként alakult pszichológiai intézet egyetemi kereteken belül. A cikk a szegedi lélektan intézményes történetét követi végig a Várkonyi vezette intézet megalakulásától napjainkig.
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Wibowo, Eka Yudha. "Ibadah Haji dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Berbagai Bidang Sosial Masyarakat Di Indonesia (Tahun 1900-1945)." SHAHIH: Journal of Islamicate Multidisciplinary 4, no. 2 (2019): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/shahih.v4i2.1866.
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The implementation of the pilgrimage in the mid-19th century experienced a significant increase. Various purposes and activities they do while in the holy land. For those who have high dedication to the fate of their people, they prefer to live there for several years and study various fields of religion and other sciences. For those who go straight home after performing the pilgrimage, of course it also has a psychological impact on themselves and gives a better understanding of Islam for others. Those who studied in the holy land in the 19th century generally had a purpose other than to be able to obtain sufficient knowledge there was also to seek support from various parties to expel invaders in Indonesia through the formation of Islamic organizations. This study is examined by looking at the contribution of the Hajj in various social fields that occur after performing the worship for the people in Indonesia.
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Shapovalov, Mikhail S., and Dzmitry L. Shevelev. "“Do Not Allow Common People ... to Saunter Abroad without Purpose Year on Year”: The Privy Councillor A. I. Temnitsky’s Note on Russian Pilgrims (1910)." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2020): 414–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-2-414-426.
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The article introduces a note about Russian pilgrims, written by the privy councillor A. I. Temnitsky on January 26, 1910. The original text is stored in the files of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire. Substantial analysis of the source accompanies its publication. The document is being introduced into scientific use for the first time with minor abbreviations that do not affect its style or content. The identity of the note’s author has not been established; it is known that Temnitsky owned land in the Minsk gubernia and lived in Kiev for a time. The article is to characterize this source on the pilgrimage policy of the Russian Empire found in the archival file “Correspondence on transportation of pilgrims and on pilgrims’ daily routine en route to Jerusalem, 1897-1914.” The hypothesis about the crisis of the pilgrimage policy of the Russian Empire on the eve of the First World War has been tested with traditional methods of historical science: comparative, historical, problem-chronological, retrospective. The note of Temnitsky enables to correct the existing ideas on pilgrimage practices of the Orthodox believers from the Western gubernias of the Russian Empire. The document offers a different view on the Russian pilgrimage policy of the early 20th century, undermines the researchers’ arguments that it was the conservative part of that Russian society that supported the activation of pilgrimage activities in Russia. The publishers underscore the value of the suggestion made by Temnitsky: Russia should have its own chapel in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher and extend the activities of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission to Egypt. The publishers conclude that Temnitsky’s note gives researchers an alternative point of view on the organization of Russian pilgrimages on the eve of the First World War and demonstrates systemic problems in the implementation of the Russian pilgrimage policy that contrast with increased statistics on the entry of Russian subjects in Palestine.
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Mróz, Franciszek, Alfred Krogmann, Magdaléna Nemčíková, and Daša Oremusová. "Religious and museum tourism to Museum of the Holy Father John Paul II Family Home in Wadowice." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 35, no. 4 (2021): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.354.9.
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The research was aimed at identifying changes in tourist traffic – religious tourism and museum tourism to the Museum of the Holy Father John Paul II Family Home in Wadowice in 1996–2019. The museum was opened in 1984 in the house where Karol Wojtyła, Pope John Paul II, was born in 1920. The thorough reconstruction between 2010 and 2014 resulted in the establishment of a museum with a modern multimedia narrative exhibition. In recent years, the museum has been visited by more than 200 thousand tourists a year, including 40 thousand foreigners from more than 100 countries worldwide. During the years 1996–2019 the number of international tourists rose more than twice. The greatest boom in the visits to the museum was noted in 2005 and was associated with the disease, death, funeral, and increasing worship of Pope John Paul II. Following decreased interest in visits to the museum during the period of 2010–2014, which was due to the museum renovation, a revival and increase in visits to the museum was observed again. Changes that were observed in the museum during the last twenty-five years were identified, among other things, thanks to field research involving observations and interviews with museum curators and staff. Analyses of tourist visits to the museum were based on detailed data provided by the museum managers. In the elaboration of the collected research results descriptive-analytical, dynamic-comparative and cartographic methods were used.
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LANDA, MÓNICA M. SALAS. "Enacting Agrarian Law: The Effects of Legal Failure in Post-revolutionary Mexico." Journal of Latin American Studies 47, no. 4 (2015): 685–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x15000437.
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AbstractThe agrarian body of law created by government legislators and jurists in the aftermath of the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920), sought to restore pueblos’ juridical standing by allowing communities to hold land collectively in the form of ejidos. Yet, state efforts to restructure property relations in the countryside often articulated with local alternative territorial projects that challenged the implementation of these redistributive legal measures. During the course of 50 years, cattle ranchers from the community of El Huanal in Nautla, Veracruz, defended private property, resisted land expropriation, and prevented the establishment of an ejido in the community. How did rancheros achieve this? How did they respond to the pressures of ‘peasant’ mobilisation? How did post-revolutionary legal discourse come to frame this struggle over land? What changes did this failed attempt to implement land reform trigger in the region? Looking closely at the conflicts, interactions, negotiations, and everyday practices that unfolded among a variety of actors around the interpretation and the applicability of ‘the law’, this article demonstrates how the agrarian reform, despite never having been implemented, altered both the material landscape and the social configuration of this community of coastal Veracruz.
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Aghajani, Mojtaba, and Goldis Seyedi Jalali. "A Comparative Study of Three English Translations of Yasin Surah Regarding Vinay and Darbelnet Strategies." International Journal of English Language Teaching 6, no. 1 (2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijelt.v6n1p36.
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Over the past few years, the Persian and English translations of Quran have been studied from different standpointsThroughout the centuries, Muslim and non-Muslim translators have been very concerned to convey the meaning ofthe Quran into languages other than Arabic. The holy Quran is a divine book and its translation into other languagesmust be done meticulously. In this regard, Persian and English translation of one of the surahs of this magnificentbook was selected to be compared. the present study has gone through the investigation of the Persian translation ofone of the surahs of this holy book “Yasin” by Dr. Elahi Ghomshei (1361) and its English translation by threefamous translators Yusuf Ali (2000), Pickthall (1930) and Sarwar (2011) to see discrepancies. Also, this study triesto find out the unit of translation and classify different kinds of Vinay and Darbelnet’s procedures used by theEnglish translators.
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Біницька К. M., Нагорний Я. В., and Загородня A. A. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF THE FUTURE TRANSPORT SPECIALISTS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE (LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES)." ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ АЛЬМАНАХ, no. 49 (October 30, 2021): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37915/pa.vi49.279.
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The article on the basis of theoretical generalizations considers the main aspects of the development of the system of professional training of the future specialists of the transport industry in educational institutions of Ukraine in the late XIX – early XX centuries.The retrospective analysis of the development of professional training of the future specialists for the transport industry in Ukraine in the late XIX – early XX century was conducted on the example of the most progressive and highly paid at the time specialties in this sphere, namely: training of maritime specialists and railway workers.We found out that the period of the end of the XIX – 1917 is the time of creation of educational institutions for the training of the future specialists in maritime affairs. Thus, in the late XIX – early XX century there were more than 20 educational institutions in Ukraine, which provided training for the future sailors for the military and commercial fleet in the Black Sea. During this period, one of the key links in vocational education were maritime schools and long-distance sailing schools, in particular in the Kherson province, they were located in the cities of Beryslav, Oleshky and Hola Prystan, as well as Kherson. It is generalized that in the period of 1921–1941 the professional training of the future specialists for the fleet was done in corps (schools), in which the priority direction of professional training was defined as wide universalization.It is generalized that the development of railway transport took place in connection with the construction of the Kursk-Kharkiv-Azov railway in Slobozhanshchyna, which in turn needed qualified specialists of various professions who somehow interact with this industry. As a result, Kharkiv, an important railway junction, soon became a training center for the future railway specialists. Therefore, on December 1, 1870 at the station of Kharkiv opened a railway school for the training of technicians, which was reorganized into the Kharkiv Technical Railway School. In 1917, the Kharkiv Technical Railway School was reorganized into a Secondary Railway Vocational School. On its basis in 1921 the Kharkiv technical school of ways of a combination of a mechanical specialty with a four-year course of training was created.On its basis in 1921 the Kharkiv technical school of ways of connection of the mechanical specialty with a four-year course of training was created.In 1920, the Operational Technical School for the training of operational specialists was opened at the Southern Railway.On April 1, 1926, specialist training courses for engineers began to function in Kharkiv. On August 17, 1927, they were renamed into the Higher Technical Courses of the People’s Commissariat of Railways in Ukraine.In 1929, three railway technical schools (Technical School of Mechanical Railways, Operational Technical School and Evening Workers’ Mechanical Technical School) were merged into one professional technical institution - Kharkiv United Technical School of Railways.In the late 1920-s – early 1930-s the economy of the USSR gained momentum, but the transport industry did not keep up with the high rate of industrial development. Therefore, on March 23, 1930, the Kharkiv Institute of Railway Engineers began its work. Already in 1940–1941 academic year it became one of the largest railway institutions of higher education in the USSR.Thus, the retrospective analysis of the activities of educational institutions that provided training for the future transport professionals showed that during the period (late XIX – early XX century), in connection with the development of scientific and technological progress in society there was a need to train qualified future maritime specialists and railway workers. During this period, educational institutions were established, which actively developed in the system of professional training of transport specialists.
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Park, J. H., J. C. Kim, M. K. Cheoun, et al. "14C Level At Mt Chiak and Mt Kyeryong in Korea." Radiocarbon 44, no. 2 (2002): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220003191x.
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We have observed A14C concentrations in the northern hemisphere temperate region in the bomb pulse period, using cross-dated tree ring samples. The tree-ring samples were taken from one 70-year-old and two 50-year-old red pines (Pinus densiflora) on Mt Chiak, Korea and from a 50-year-old red pine (Pinus densiflora) on Mt Kyeryong, Korea. Twenty-two tree-ring samples from four red pines ranging from 1950 to 2000 AD were pretreated to obtain holo-cellulose, combusted to CO2 by an element analyzer (EA) and converted to graphite for δ14C measurement using the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facility at Seoul National University. Our results for δ14C showed good agreement with those measured by other researchers at similar latitudes. The observed steady decrease of δ14C from 1965 to 2000 AD is described by a single exponential function with a lifetime τ = 15.99 ± 0.43 yr. This lifetime is similar to that of the high-latitude region in Europe.
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Kutzik, Jordan. "American Hasidic Yiddish Pedagogical Materials: A Sociological and Sociolinguistic Survey of 50 Years of Post-War Publishing." Journal of Jewish Languages 6, no. 1 (2018): 60–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-06011136.
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Abstract After arriving in the United States after WWII, Hasidic Jews quickly established educational publishing houses in Yiddish in New York. How these publications developed and changed from the 1950s to the present day reveals a great deal about how Hasidim adjusted to American life, how their Yiddish changed during this period, and how competing linguistic ideologies emerged to address these changes. This article provides an overview of three generations of American Hasidic Yiddish pedagogical materials, using a sample of books, oral-medium games, and a family magazine’s children’s section. It uses close reading and sociolinguistic analysis to examine how the perception of Yiddish among Hasidim evolved into perceiving the language as a semi-holy tongue uniquely capable of transmitting religious and cultural values. This article will explore how this changing perception has caused Hasidic communities to reevaluate how they seek to transmit the language to future generations.
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Kuruvilla, Samuel J. "Church–State Relations in Palestine: Empires, Arab Nationalism and the Indigenous Greek Orthodox, 1880–1940." Holy Land Studies 10, no. 1 (2011): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2011.0003.
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The need to negotiate and resolve ethno-nationalistic aspirations on the part of dependent and subject communities of faith-believers is a complex issue. The Ottoman Empire formed a classic case in this context. This article is a historical-political reflection on a small group of Christians within the broader Arab and ‘Greek’ Christian milieu that once formed the backbone of the earlier Byzantine and later Ottoman empires. The native Arab Orthodox of Palestine in the twilight years of the Ottoman Empire found themselves in a struggle between their religious affiliations with Mediterranean Greek Orthodoxy and Western Christendom as opposed to the then ascendant star of nationalist pan-Arabism in the Middle East. The supersession of the Ottoman Empire by the British colonial Mandatory system in Palestine and the loss of imperial Russian support for the Arab Orthodox in the Holy Land naturally meant that they relied more on social and political cooperation with their fellow Palestinian Muslims. This was to counter the dominance extended by the ethnic Greek ecclesiastical hierarchy in the Holy Land over the historically Arab Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem with support from elements within the Greek Republic and the British Mandatory authorities.
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Andreev, Alexander Alexeevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Nikolai Alexandrovich VELYAMINOV – leib-medic, academician of medicine, Professor of the Imperial Military medical Academy (to the 165th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 13, no. 1 (2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2020-13-1-72.
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Nikolai Alexandrovich Velyaminov was born in 1855 in St. Petersburg. He studied at the gymnasiums of Wiesbaden and Warsaw. In 1872 he entered the Moscow University in physics and mathematics, and in 1873 transferred to the faculty of medicine. In 1877 he was sent to the army in the Caucasus. In 1878-1879, Nikolai Alexandrovich became ill with typhus, developing a chronic process in the lungs, which requires long-term treatment abroad. After recovery in the years 1880-1881 N. And. Velyaminov works in Central Asia as a surgeon of the Akhal-Teke expedition, develops a system of medical sorting and evacuation of the wounded, writes "Memories of the surgeon from the Akhal-Teke expedition." In 1883 he received the degree of doctor of medicine and worked as an assistant to Professor K. K. Reyer, lectured on operative surgery in Women's medical courses. In 1884 N. Ah. Velyaminov becomes an assistant to the chief physician and surgeon of the Holy cross community of sisters of mercy. In 1885 he founded the first in Russia authoritative scientific surgical journal "Surgical Bulletin". Since 1887 N. Ah. Velyaminov as a Junior doctor of the life guards of the Preobrazhensky regiment heads the surgical Department in Krasnoselsky hospital, since 1893 works as the Director of the Maximilian hospital in St. Petersburg, since 1894 the senior doctor of the Semenovsky regiment, is appointed the life-physician and honorary surgeon of the Highest Court, and then the senior doctor of the Imperial headquarters. In 1889 he defended his doctoral thesis. In 1894 N. Ah. Velyaminov is elected Professor of the Military medical Academy. In 1896 he designs the device for the first time in St. Petersburg service of "Ambulance", organizing children's sanatoriums. In 1900, Velyaminov was elected an honorary member of the Royal medical College in London, the Chief Commissioner of the Russian red cross society for assistance to the sick and wounded in the far East. In 1905 N. Ah. Velyaminov was awarded the rank of privy Councilor, and in 1907 was awarded the order of St. Anne of the 1st degree. In the same years N. Ah. Velyaminov was the first in Russia to study occupational injuries, insurance of workers and organized the "Bureau of medical examination for workers" (1907). In 1910 1912 N. Ah. Velyaminova works as the head of the Imperial Military medical Academy in St. Petersburg. In 1913, the conference of the Military medical Academy elected him academician of medicine. At the beginning of World war I. Ah. Velyaminov took part in the work of the Main Directorate of the red cross, and from the end of August he was a surgeon-consultant at the Headquarters of the commander-in-Chief to inspect the surgical case in the army. By the beginning of 1917 N. Ah. Velyaminov held many positions: Director of the Mariinsky hospital for the poor, Alexandrinsky women's hospital and Maximilian hospital; Chairman of the Medical Commission for reception in the sanatorium "khalila", the Russian Society for the protection of public health, the Interdepartmental Commission for the revision of medical legislation; Vice-Chairman of the Committee of the Community of the Seaside sanatorium for chronically ill children; editor of the magazines "Surgical archive" and "Hygiene and sanitary Affairs"; inspector of the court medical unit; honorary consultant of the Alexander-Mariinsky hospital and hospital for incoming patients; consultant of the Royal office for the institutions of the Empress Maria Feodorovna, member of the Board of the Community. Kaufman red cross and the Medical Council of the interior Ministry. In 1919-1920 he headed the Department of surgical pathology with desmurgy at the Women's medical Institute. In March 1920, he was offered the post of Chairman of the Commission for the reform of medical education, from which N. Ah. Velyaminov refused. By this time the new government took away the Professor's apartment, and he found refuge in the utility room of the Petrograd hospital named after Peter the Great. N. And. Velyaminov author of over 100 scientific medical works, including 8 monographs. He described thyrotoxic polyarthritis, gave the classification of diseases of the joints and thyroid gland, one of the first pointed to the importance of the endocrine glands in the development of surgical diseases, used phototherapy; opened the first Russian light therapy room. A lot of new N. And. Velyaminov contributed to the doctrine of surgical treatment of bone tuberculosis and abdominal surgery. April 9, 1920 N. Ah. Velyaminov died and was buried at the Volkov cemetery.
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Karić, Enes. "Ignatij Julijanovič Kračkovski (Ignatij Ûlianovič Kračkovskij) and His Translation of the Qur'an." Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 6, no. 4(17) (2021): 109–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2021.6.4.109.
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This year marks the seven decades of the death of Игна́тий Юлиа́нович Крачко́вский, (1883-1951), Russian Orientalist and one of the translators of the Qur'an. His translation is one of the most famous translations of this holy book. This essay deals with Крачко́вский primarily as Arabist and Islamicist who published over 500 works, and one of the foremost names in Russian Oriental Studies. His studies of Arabic literature, both contemporary and classical, as well as Arabic history and geography served Крачко́вский as a background for his translation of the Qur'an done at the end of his life. His famous translation was published posthumously, in 1963. The edition was supported by the Russian Academy of sciences in Moscow.
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Davenport, Nancy. "The Holy Spirit and the Soul as Revealed in Nature." Religion and the Arts 19, no. 3 (2015): 163–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-01903001.
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The artist Anna Lea Merritt (1844–1930) was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and spent most of her professional life in London and in a rural village in Surrey. She settled in England in 1871 and soon became a friend of the members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in their mature years, the art critic John Ruskin, the late Victorian artists George Frederick Watts and Frederick, Lord Leighton, and others in the London artistic and literary community. In the milieu she had chosen, her intimate and spiritual relationship with nature and her sympathy for all mankind, ingrained in her in childhood among Unitarians and Quakers in Philadelphia, developed into paintings, murals, and etchings that were at once academic, naturalistic, and mystical. In re-introducing this little known woman artist today, this article focuses on her work as one that evokes the spirit and beauty of the natural world and sympathy for the plight of the suffering, both eloquent testimonials to the ideals and beliefs of her renowned friend and contemporary, John Ruskin and to late Victorian liberal sensibilities.
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TAYLOR, LYNNE. "Occupied France Remembered." Contemporary European History 13, no. 3 (2004): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777304001778.
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Robert Gildea, Marianne in Chains – In Search of the German Occupation, 1940–1945 (Henry Holt: New York, 2002) 524 pp., £20.00 (hb), ISBN 0-33-378230-5.Michael Curtis, Verdict on Vichy: Power and Prejudice in the Vichy France Regime (Arcade Publishing: New York, 2003) 419 pp., $27.95 (hb), ISBN: 1-55-970689-9.Julian Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 690 pp., £12.99 (pb), ISBN 0-19-925457-5.Andrew Shennan, The Fall of France, 1940 (Harlow: Longman, 2000), 181 pp., $22.99 (pb), ISBN 0-582-29081-3.Henry Rousso, The Haunting Past. History, Memory, and Justice in Contemporary France (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002), 136 pp., $29.95 (hb), ISBN 0-8122-3645-9.
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Ranft, Richard. "Natural sound archives: past, present and future." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 76, no. 2 (2004): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652004000200041.
Full textAbstract:
Recordings of wild animals were first made in the Palearctic in 1900, in the Nearctic in 1929, in Antarctica in 1934, in Asia in 1937, and in the Neotropics in the 1940s. However, systematic collecting did not begin until the 1950s. Collections of animal sound recordings serve many uses in education, entertainment, science and nature conservation. In recent years, technological developments have transformed the ways in which sounds can be sampled, stored and accessed. Now the largest collections between them hold altogether around 0.5 million recordings with their associated data. The functioning of a major archive will be described with reference to the British Library Sound Archive. Preserving large collections for the long term is a primary concern in the digital age. While digitization and digital preservation has many advantages over analogue methods, the rate of technology change and lack of standardization are a serious problem for theworld's major audio archives. Another challenge is to make collections more easily and widely accessible via electronic networks. On-line catalogues and access to the actual sounds via the internet are already available for some collections. Case studies describing the establishment and functioning of sound libraries inMexico, Colombia and Brazil are given in individually authored sections in an Appendix.
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Balik, Robert, and Jamshid Mehran. "Benjamin Graham Revisited." Journal of Finance Issues 6, no. 2 (2008): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.58886/jfi.v6i2.2399.
Full textAbstract:
Warren Buffett read the first edition of Benjamin Graham’s book, The Intelligent Investor, in 1950. According to Buffett (Graham, Revised, 2003) “I thought then that it was by far the best book about investing ever written. I still think it is.” Can a buy and hold defensive investor use this stock selection criteria and earn a positive abnormal risk adjusted rate of return? To test this hypothesis data for 2000 and prior years are used to select stocks that meet the defensive investor criteria. Nine stocks from an original list of more than 9,000 satisfy the criteria. Buy and hold is the investment strategy and these stocks are held from the end of June 2001 until the end of December 2007. The performance measure is the time-series regression intercept, or alpha, for the four-factor model. The estimated alpha is negative but not statistically significant.
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Jalkanen, Risto E., Tarmo O. Aalto, John L. Innes, Timo T. Kurkela, and Ian K. Townsend. "Needle retention and needle loss of Scots pine in recent decades at Thetford and Alice Holt, England." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 4 (1994): 863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-113.
Full textAbstract:
Fourteen Scots pines (Pinussylvestris L.) were felled in Thetford and Alice Holt forests, southern England, for needle retention studies. In the field, the main stem of each tree was divided into annual sections, with each section being reduced to 30 cm long bolts or less, omitting branch whorls and using the internodal part of each annual shoot. The bolts were then planed one annual ring at a time to reveal the location of needle traces. In the summers of 1950–1990, the average needle retention was 2.6. Average needle retention varied annually from 1.5 to 3.3. There was a slight reduction in needle retention following high values at the end of the 1960s, and this accelerated during the 1980s. Needle retention history was similar at both Thetford and Alice Holt. The amount of annual needle loss varied between 0.3 and 1.6 needle sets, and the 40-year average of 1.02 sets indicated a long-term reduction in the number of needle sets during the lifetime of the trees.
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Carboni, Luca. "Nascita e morte delle rappresentanze pontificie e dei loro archivi nell’Europa centro-orientale. Dalla “grande guerra” alla “guerra fredda” (1918–1952)." Textus et Studia, no. 2(2) (May 8, 2017): 117–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/tes.01206.
Full textAbstract:
Birth and death of pontifical representatives and their archives in Central Eastern Europe. From the “great war” to the “cold war” At the end of World War I in the Central Eastern Europe new national states replaced the multinational empires. The international policy of the Holy See aimed at the recognition of the new nation-states, which had numerous non-native minorities on its territory. The Holy See, despite the difference in approaching to the Eastern issues between Benedict XV and his successor Pius XI, opened new apostolic nunciatures (and where it was not possible new apostolic delegations) whose main purpose was to sign concordats to define the generality of relations between State and Church, mainly by ensuring the freedom of ecclesiastical appointments (against the ancient rights of patronage) and dissolving the conflict between local hierarchy and the Holy See in favor of the latter, thanks to the new role assigned to the papal nuncios. The article traces the vicissitudes that had to face during the interwar period the pontifical representatives in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, often in situations where national identity was identified with the religious one. With the outbreak of World War II and the advent of the new pope Pius XII, the Holy See had to face the sad period of the war, trying to maintain a benevolent neutrality towards someone and a critical one towards others. At the end of the conflict, with the birth of the “Iron Curtain”, the strong action against the danger of an “impassive omnipotence of a materialistic state, without a celestial ideal, no religion and no God” assumed, in the eyes of the pope, the perspective of an apocalyptic struggle between good and evil, which led in a few years to close all the pontifical representatives.
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Higgins, Judge Rosalyn. "MacDermott Lecture 2008: Litigating international disputes – the work of the International Court of Justice in a changing world." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 59, no. 4 (2020): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v59i4.519.
Full textAbstract:
The MacDermott Lecture is delivered annually at Queen’s University Belfast. Previous speakers in recent years have included Lord Hutton and Rabinder Singh. Lord John MacDermott studied at Queen’s in the early years of the twentieth century and went on to pursue a distinguished political and legal career, later returning to Queen’s to teach and to hold the position of pro-vice chancellor. He was Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland from 1951 to 1971.
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Shapiro, Julie. "100 Years of Adhesives: Knowing What Sticks." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e26147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26147.
Full textAbstract:
Can you distinguish glue dating from 1890, from another developed in 1940? What happens to glue as it ages? Why does glue for plant specimens need to be “archival”? What is the best way to use this seemingly unstable substance? How was glue invented, for what uses, and with what ingredients? Is it possible that each year 40 lb (18.2 kg) of glue are used for every person in America? What do we use it for? What do I use it for! Julie McIntosh Shapiro, Curatorial assistant and plant specimen technician from the Harvard University Herbaria, will describe the qualities of adhesives, and how they are used to affix dried plant specimens to paper in order to keep them static, relevant, and preserved for at least a century. She will roll out the history of glues, show samples of adhesives used to glue plant to paper over time, and explain where botanists come into the picture. Knowledge in the composition of these ubiquitous adhesives will provide you with the tools to hold fast.
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Vacek, S., and K. Matějka. "Vegetation changes in beech and spruce stands in the Orlické hory Mts. in 1951–2001." Journal of Forest Science 49, No. 10 (2012): 445–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4718-jfs.
Full textAbstract:
Plant cenological surveys on the basis of Braun-Blanquet&rsquo;s seven-point scale were made on 34 research plots in the course of studies of vegetation changes in beech and spruce stands in the Orlick&eacute; hory Mts. over period of 1951&ndash;2001. The acquired data were processed not only by traditional plant coenological methods but also by numerical analyses (agglomerative and divisive classification, ordination, species diversity). The results document marked changes that occurred in species-rich spruce communities of the association Athyrio alpestre-Piceetum (Aa-P) as well as in species-poorer communities of the associations Vaccinio myrtilli-Piceetum (Vm-P), Calamagrostio villosae-Piceetum (Cv-P) and Deschampsio flexuosae-Piceetum (Df-P). The developmental trend of these communities in 1971&ndash;1991 converged on types very poor in species (Df-P association). On the contrary, the period 1991&ndash;2001 was characterised by a marked increase in the number of species, especially in the herb layer. An increase in coverage and number of tree species seedlings was very high after the productive seed years 1992 and 1995. The acceleration of changes in beech stands in 1971&ndash;1991 led to a species number diminution in herb-rich types of the association Dentario enneaphylli-Fagetum (De-F), and/or to their transition to species-poorer acidophilous types Calamagrostio villosae-Fagetum (Cv-F). Similarly like in spruce stands the number of species in beech stand relev&eacute;s increased in 1991&ndash;2001. But a majority of typical species of herb-rich beech stands returned to the communities under study very slowly.
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Afanasev, Alexandr L. "Temperance Societies in Yekaterinburg and Yekaterinburg Uyezd of Perm Governorate in 1907–1914." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 458 (2020): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/458/15.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the article is to show the importance of temperance societies in Yekaterinburg Uyezd of Perm Governorate, a geopolitically significant region of Russia, during the peaceful period between the end of the revolution of 1905–1907 and the beginning of the First World War. The objectives of the study are to identify the significant characteristics of the temperance societies: (1) the time when they appeared; (2) their number, size, social composition, and ideological orientation; (3) their activities; (4) their significance. The author used a combination of authentic and representative sources: the notes of Yekaterinburg Ecclesiastical Consistory secretary to the Clerical Office of the Holy Synod Chief Procurator of 10 February 1911, about church temperance societies of the eparchy with the charters of nine of them; the biweekly journal Ekaterinburgskie Eparkhial’nye Vedomosti [Yekaterinburg Eparchy Journal]; the materials and reports of all-Russian temperance congresses and unions; reference books. The methodology of the study included the compilation of a list of temperance societies on the basis of a dedicated questionnaire, the analysis and synthesis of the resulting data. The temperance movement was young; as of 01 January 1911, the average age of the society was two and a half years, which means they appeared somewhere in mid-1907. By 01 January 1911, 17 societies (1682 members), or 3.6 societies per 100,000 people, were identified. Sixteen of them were Orthodox parochial, and one, in Yekaterinburg, was non-religious (secular). Out of ten known leaders of societies, six (60%) were priests, two (20%) peasants, one was a worker (10%), and one was a teacher (10%). As for the members of 16 church societies, nine rural societies (56.2%) had mostly peasants, six factory settlements (37.5%) had workers, one (6.25%), in Konevsky village, had mostly peasants and alluvial miners. Thus, most members of the societies were workers and peasants. The main activities of the societies in 1907–1910 were: anti-alcoholic talks, sermons, and the acceptance of temperance vows. In 1911–1914, some societies started to implement mutual help and charity activities, hold public events: sacred processions, temperance festivals, sober weddings; they inspired public censures against bootlegging (illegal wine sale), state-owned wine shops, and private beerhouses. During this period, the number of temperance societies and their membership grew, their influence increased. In the spring of 1914, there were as many as 40 societies with more than 5,000 members. Apart from external reasons, this was facilitated by the support of Mitrophan, the active governing Archbishop of Yekaterinburg and Verkhoturye (1910–1914). Thus, temperance societies in Yekaterinburg Uyezd, as well as in the whole Russia, had a protective and reforming character. They counteracted alcoholic and other (acts of violence, etc.) destruction of the community. As a result, the territories in which these societies were spread and active experienced the gradual physical and spiritual recovery of the community on the local and regional levels.
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Mizutani, Sayaka. "A Study on the Bibliography of Documentation on Gisaeng and Changgi and the Domestic and Overseas Performance Activities of Gisaeng: Focusing on the gisaeng-related records composed in May 1910." Barun Academy of History 13 (December 31, 2022): 231–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.55793/jkhc.2022.13.231.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, a detailed and accurate analysis was conducted on the contents of these gisaeng-related documents while maintaining academic objectivity and neutrality, focusing on the Japan tour of the gisaeng of Hanseong Gisaeng Association and domestic Gaeseong performance (May 1910), which is the only record delineating the entire process and relevant details, from the planning of the Japan tour of the gisaeng of Hanseong Gisaeng Association and domestic Gaeseong performance to the petition and approval of the Japanese Superintendent's Metropolitan Police Agency among four document record groups that constitute documentation on Gisaeng and Changgi.
 Regarding the Hanseong Gisaeng Association's Japan Tour, an article on the Japanese negotiating and contracting process with eight gisaengs from the Hanseong Gisaeng Association for Performance was first published on April 14, 1910 in Hwangseong Newspaper and Daehan Maeil Newspaper Korean-Chinese Edition. A month later, by May 9, 1910, a contract signing was under way, as the personnel composition and employment costs of the Japan tour group (KRW 1,500 → 1,580 → 1,550) were adjusted, and a contract and a petition were prepared, in the order of petition for a performance in Japan by two Japanese and eight gisaeng from the Hanseong Gisaeng Association on May 11, 1910 (4th year of Yunghee), → approval on May 12 → consultation and decision on May 13, and sent to the western and central police chiefs.
 Regarding the Hanseong Gisaeng Association’s Gaeseong performance, the plan to hold a Wongaksa Dance was first mentioned on May 9, 1910 in the report on the status of negotiations on performances in Japan with eight gisaengs of the Hanseong Gisaeng Association and the plan to hold a dance at Wongaksa. It was revealed that the performance was carried out in the following order: Submission of Wongaksa owner's petition and contract for the Gaesong performance and a petition and contract for 10 gisaengs to perform in Gaeseong on May 20, 1910; Metropolitan Police Agency's Order No. 77 Wongaksa owner and 10 gisaengs of the Hanseong Gisaeng Association's Gaeseong performance petition approved on May 24, 1910; Wongaksa owner's employment of 10 gisaeng of the Hanseong Gisaeng Association and approval and order of the petition for the Gaeseong performance on May 24; and the approval order issued to An Chun-min, a clerk of Wongaksa, on May 25, 1910.
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Taylor, David. "New drugs and the NHS: square pegs and a round hole." Psychiatric Bulletin 22, no. 11 (1998): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.22.11.709.
Full textAbstract:
Drug development in psychiatry has famously been something of a stop–start process. First, there were no truly effective psychotherapeutic agents, then, in the 1950s, phenothiazines, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclics all appeared in the space of a few years. Then, virtually nothing: no substantial developments for 25 years. In the mid–1980s the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors appeared, heralding a new era in psychopharmacology. Then, in 1990 clozapine was re-introduced, to be followed by other atypical antipsychotics and by drugs such as donepezil and acamprosate for entirely new indications. In addition, research into antidepressant therapy has produced new agents with varied modes of action and new strategies for the treatment of refractory depression.
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Dixon, Martin. "ESTOPPEL, UNCONSCIONABILITY AND FORMALITIES IN LAND LAW." Cambridge Law Journal 59, no. 3 (2000): 421–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300310200.
Full textAbstract:
KEN Holt was a wealthy farmer in Lincolnshire. In 1952 he befriended Geoffrey Gillett and then persuaded the young man to work on the farm instead of continuing at school. For nearly 40 years, Gillett was Holt’s right arm, a relationship that did not falter when Gillett married. Over these years, when Gillett managed the farm and eventually entered into partnership with Holt, Holt repeatedly promised that Gillett would be the principal beneficiary of his will. These were no idle boasts, but were repeated often, in public, and were given effect in several versions of Holt’s will. In 1992, Holt formed a friendship with Mr Wood (a trainee solicitor), the result of which was the eventual breakdown of his relations with the Gillett family and their exclusion from his will. In Gillett v. Holt [2000] 3 W.L.R 815 Geoffrey Gillett asserted that Holt was estopped from changing his will so as to deny Gillett his expected legacy. As we might think, a simple case of proprietary estoppel based on assurance, reliance and detriment. However, Carnwath J. at first instance thought otherwise and rejected estoppel because first, Gillett could not establish that Holt had made an irrevocable promise not to change his will (and everyone knows that wills may be changed), and secondly, Gillett had suffered no detriment.