Academic literature on the topic 'Holy Year in art'

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Journal articles on the topic "Holy Year in art"

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Ivanova, Maria, and Michelle R. Viise. "Dissimulation and Memory in Early Modern Poland-Lithuania: the Art of Forgetting." Slavic Review 76, no. 1 (2017): 98–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2017.13.

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The most well-known practitioner of dissimulation among early modern Christians of the Eastern Rite is Meletii Smotryts'kyi (ca. 1577–1633), the Orthodox archbishop of Polatsk (in modern-day Belarus), who was suspected of being a Uniate for several years before he was openly charged with apostasy during a council of the Orthodox hierarchy of Poland-Lithuania in August of 1628. For the previous year Smotryts'kyi had lived a double life, outwardly an Orthodox archbishop but secretly a Uniate, having formally accepted the Union with Rome on July 6, 1627. In this period of clandestine Uniatism and the years leading up to it, during which he flirted with conversion, Smotryts'kyi fulfilled his official duties, playing a leading role in Orthodox synods and risking exposure that would bring public disgrace and even physical harm. Smotryts'kyi had a positive reason for keeping his conversion secret: he argued that the Congregation of the Holy Office of the Inquisition should allow him to remain in office as an Orthodox bishop so that he might convene a council of the Orthodox hierarchy and elite and, “received as a schismatic [an Orthodox], would be able to set forth and to explain the twofold causes of the present discord of the Church & and to cause doubt for them in the schismatic faith (through the reasons that had taught him himself that there was no contradiction in thing [essence], only in words, between the holy Greek and Latin fathers).” Smotryts'kyi concluded his request for secrecy by comparing his situation with that of Jesuits engaged in mission work with non-Christians: “Wherefore, indeed, if the fathers of the Society of Jesus and the other priests in India can live with the heathens in secular habit, this should cause no one scandal, especially since, with God’s help, we will hope for the much greater fruit of holy Union from his hidden Catholicism & than if he were now known by all.”
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Armstrong, David. "On revolutionary chickens and international eggs." Review of International Studies 27, no. 4 (October 2001): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210501006696.

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The fascination of revolutions is one shared by the worlds of scholarship and art and literature alike. For the latter, revolutions appear to hold out hope that a new order will sweep aside the decay, oppression and corruption they perceive as omnipresent in society. For the former, revolutions come tantalizingly close to the holy grail sought by social scientists for two hundred years, offering sequences of events and patterns of interaction that share sufficient similarities across continents and centuries to suggest the possibility of a true science of human affairs, including predictive hypotheses.
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Watenpaugh, Keith. "“Opening the Doors” One Year Later: Reflections on the Iraq War and the Middle East Studies Community." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 38, no. 1 (June 2004): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400046381.

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Word began to trickle out of Baghdad in mid-April 2003 that the Iraqi National Library and Archives and the library of the Ministry of Holy Endowments and Religious Affairs (al-Awqaf) had been burned and looted during the paroxysm of aggravated mayhem that followed the collapse of the Baathist regime. Soon, it became clear that in addition to the damage to those libraries, universities, research centers and private institutions had also been harmed or destroyed, and that additional elements of Iraq's rich cultural heritage in the form of historic buildings, musical archives and contemporary art were at risk. These were moments of deep and profound sadness that ultimately gave way to conversations about ways to work to assess, rebuild and restore what had been lost.
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Freiberg, Jack. "The Lateran Patronage of Gregory XIII and the Holy Year 1575." Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 54, no. 1 (1991): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1482516.

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Mazurczak, Urszula. "List apostolski Duodecimum saeculum Ojca Świętego św. Jana Pawła II z okazji tysiąc dwusetnej rocznicy Soboru Nicejskiego II. Miejsce ikony w wierze i rozumieniu św. Jana Pawła II." Roczniki Humanistyczne 68, no. 4 Zeszyt specjalny (2020): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh20684-4s.

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The letter of the Holy Father John Paul II written in Rome in 1987, in the tenth year of His pontificate, on December 4th, on the day of memorial of Saint John Damascene, the doctor of the Church, on the Twelfth Centenary of finishing the controversy over the icon, is of great importance for the Pope’s program of ecumenism. The Holy Father indicated various directions of the dialogue, however, the one of the utmost importance concerned the agreement with the Orthodox Church, which was confirmed in the letters and in His other documents quoted in this paper. The image used to be essential for religious practice, for illustrating the word of prayer and of the song, in order to preserve the tradition of the Church. The strict prohibition introduced by the iconoclasm depreciated not only the artistic tradition of paintings but also the basic dogmas of Christ’s Incarnation and the one which introduced Virgin Mary as the Theotokos (the God-bearer). The ban constituted a threat not only for the icons but also for the Christian faith. In His Letter, the Pope underlined the important role of the Second Council of Nicaea which reintroduced icons and maintained and deepened the meaning of the cult in the faith of believers. Furthermore, the Holy Father indicated the connection with the Second Vatican Council in understanding the function and form of images in contemporary Church. Contemporary trends are overwhelmed by the impotence of the spiritual expression of sacral art, which is a great concern for the Pope. The Letter is, therefore, a dramatic warning of the threats for religious art in contemporary time, expressed by the Holy Father with these words: ‘The rediscovery of the Christian icon will also help in raising the awareness of the urgency of reacting against the depersonalizing and at times degrading effects of the many images that condition our lives in advertisements and the media.’ (DS, 11).
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Leone, Stephanie C., and Paul A. Vierthaler. "Innocent X Pamphilj's Architectural Network in Rome." Renaissance Quarterly 73, no. 3 (2020): 897–952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2020.122.

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This study employs network analysis and microhistory to challenge the standard narrative about architecture and patronage in Baroque Rome, that of celebrity patron-artist relationships. It investigates the artists and artisans below this elite team and the plurality of relationships that developed among them. The subject is Innocent X Pamphilj's monumental works of art and architecture, at the Vatican, Piazza Navona, Campidoglio, Lateran, and Janiculum Hill, commissioned for the 1650 Holy Year. It argues that competent artisans and their relationships influenced the operation of building sites and presents Innocent X as the patron of an industrious architectural enterprise.
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Kurniawan, Bagus Ananda, and Chusnul Abady. "Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Kabupaten Sumenep Dalam Rangka Pengembangan dan Pelestarian Kesenian Musik Tradisional Tong - Tong." Kanal: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 8, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/kanal.v8i1.151.

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This qualitative descriptive research method is to describe and discuss a policy of the Sumenep Regency Government to implement the Sumenep Regency Government Policy in the Context of the Development and Preservation of Traditional Music Art of Tong-Tong Madura Island, East Java Province. At the beginning of the development of traditional Tong-Tong art music which was used as a sahur patrol music was played in waking people to perform the sahur worship in the holy month of Ramadan and Calling the Dwarf who wanted to go home to his cage. In accordance with the Sumenep Regent's Regulation No. 28/2008 concerning the duties and functions of the Regional Office, the Sumenep District Youth and Sports Culture Service, has the task and function of fostering and preserving the Tong-Tong Traditional Music culture in the Sumenep district. The Tong - Tong se Madura Music Contest and the Sumenep Regency Tong - Tong Festival from 2016-2018 is in the context of fostering efforts as well as preserving the cultural heritage of the ancestors which is held regularly every year starting. The cost of conducting the Tong - Ton Traditional Arts Music Kirab Music Festival, the Tong Se Madura Music Contest and the Tong-Tong Festival is annually charged to the Sumenep Regency Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD). The aim is to hold the Tong Tong Se Madura Music Competition and the Tong-Tong Festival every year in Sumenep Regency to improve and develop Sumenep Regency tourism promotion and marketing through the Madura tong-tong music competition.
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Litvinova, Olga. "BIBLE QUOTES AND IMAGES IN THE POETRY OF MARIA SHKAPSKAYA." Проблемы исторической поэтики 19, no. 2 (May 2021): 198–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j9.art.2021.9462.

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This article is the first to examine in detail the complete corpus of Biblical quotations in the poetry of Maria Shkapskaya, including unpublished handwritten texts. The article uses the material in books Mater dolorosa (1921), Chas vecherniy (1913—1917) (The Evening Hour (1913—1917), 1922), Baraban Strogogo Gospodina (The Drum of the Strict Master, 1922), Krov’-ruda (Blood-ore, 1922), Zemnye remyosla (The Earthly Crafts, 1925) and the poem “Yav’” (“Reality,” 1923), as well as texts from the notebooks of 1903—1907, 1913—1920 and Vcherashnee, a project of a book of poems (Yesterday, 1916) with a preface by Z. Gippius. The intention is to explain the role and significance of the biblical corpus of texts for the author's poetry. The task is to consider in chronological order all the poems by Maria Shkapskaya that are somehow related to the texts of the Holy Scripture, while clarifying the author’s basic principles of working with these texts. The thematic inversions characteristic of Shkapskaya’s poetry are revealed. The general thesis states that the nature of Shkapskaya’s appeal to the texts of Holy Scripture has changed over the years, and her attitude to them has consistently shifted from neutral-calm to a tense one that requires dialogue. Growing increasingly more conflicted and questioning over time, Shkapskaya’s quoting of biblical texts assumes the nature of a personal experience, which clearly indicates the author’s reflections in this direction and a deeply religious understanding of the surrounding reality and poetic creativity as such.
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Веретенников, Макарий. "Holy Seven Youths of Ephesus." Theological Herald, no. 3(42) (October 15, 2021): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/gb.2021.3.41.011.

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В настоящей статье в контексте эпохи гонений на христиан при императоре Декии в III в. прослеживаются основные свидетельства события, описанного в жизнеописании христианских святых семи отроков, прославившихся в V в. в Ефесе при императоре Феодосии Младшем. Семь отроков, прячась от гонения, уснули в пещере и проснулись через несколько сотен лет. Приводится свидетельство свт. Филарета Черниговского о причинах чудесного успения. Рассказывается о разных аспектах богослужебного почитания святых семи отроков в греческой и русской церкви, а также описываются сохранившиеся памятники в христианском изобразительном и монументальном искусстве, у святых отцов и христианских поэтов. Завершается статья свидетельством игумена Даниила, совершившего в XII в. паломничество в Святую землю. In this article, in the context of the era of persecution of Christians under the emperor Decius in the III century traces the main evidence of the event described in the biography of the Christian saints of seven youths who became famous in the Vth century in Ephesus under the emperor Theodosius the Younger. Seven youths, hiding from persecution, fell asleep in a cave and woke up more than two hundred years later. The testimony of St. Filaret of Chernigov is given on the reasons for the miraculous dormition. It tells about different aspects of the liturgical veneration of the holy seven youths in the Greek and Russian churches, and also describes the surviving monuments in Christian visual and monumental art, among the holy fathers and Christian poets. The article ends with the testimony of hegumen Daniel, who committed in the XII century pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
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Kuin, Roger. "Philip Sidney's Travels in the Holy Roman Empire." Renaissance Quarterly 74, no. 3 (2021): 802–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2021.101.

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After his stay in Paris in the summer of 1572, Philip Sidney (1554–86) spent nearly three years abroad, partly at the University of Padua and partly traveling through the Holy Roman Empire. His mentor Hubert Languet (1518–80) made him free of his large international network of friends and acquaintances, so that when the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre forced him to leave France, the seventeen year old could count on a benevolent reception in many places. This essay shows the various politico-religious cultures and structures Sidney learned on his travels through the empire, and incidentally confirms the historical identity of his equestrian mentor Pietro Pugliano.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Holy Year in art"

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Kucera, Patrick James Zachary. "Themes on the cross and redemption sermons based on liturgical year 'B' /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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Deacon, Vivien. "The rock-art landscapes of Rombalds Moor, West Yorkshire : standing on holy ground." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21345/.

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This study adopts a landscape approach to all the rock-art sites on Rombalds Moor in West Yorkshire, 252 unmoved sites, to consider views of and from the sites. British rock-art is generally believed to date from the later Neolithic to the later Bronze Age, but a case is made for it perhaps beginning in the later Mesolithic. What is known of environments for the Moor over this whole period provides a basis for a reconstruction of rock-art landscapes. A case is made for the applicability of ethnography from the whole circumpolar region to the personal construction of people’s landscapes in prehistoric Britain. All sites were visited, and the sites and their views recorded, both as written records and as photographs. The data was analysed at four spatial scales, from the whole Moor down to the individual rock. Several large prominent carved rocks, interpreted as natural monuments, were found to be visible from many much smaller rock-art sites. Several clusters of rock-art sites were identified. An alignment was also identified, composed of carved stones perhaps moved into position, and other perhaps-moved carved stones were also identified. The possibility that far-distant views might be significant was also indicated by some of the findings. The physicality of carving arose as a major theme. The natural monuments are all difficult or dangerous to carve, leading to considerations of risk, including being seen to embrace risk. Conversely, the more common, simple sites mostly required the carver to kneel or crouch down. This leads to comparisons with what is known of North American rock-art, where some highly visible sites were carved by religious specialists, and others, much smaller and inconspicuous, were carved by ordinary people. This was not an expected finding for British rock-art, and further research is indicated.
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Bell, Aileen E. "The white knight: Edwin Austin Abbey's "Quest for the Holy Grail" in the Boston Public Library." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278796.

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The Boston Public Library was founded on the principle that it would serve the needs of Boston's entire populace, without respect to class, race, or gender. However, despite this democratic ideology, the nineteenth-century library, in its practices and artistic expressions, articulated an elite conception of the perfect American. Edwin Austin Abbey's Quest for the Holy Grail (1890--1902), painted for the library building of McKim, Mead, and White (begun 1883), embodies the cosmopolitan, Protestant, Anglo-Saxon, and masculine values of Boston's elite through its American Renaissance style, its subject, and its iconography. In particular, the figure of Galahad, the hero of Abbey's mural, conforms to models of spirituality, race, and manhood that legitimated the power and social position of the financial, political, and cultural elite that administered and constructed the library.
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Premack, Laura Chasteen John Charles. "The Holy Rollers are invading our territory Southern Baptist missionaries and the early years of Pentecostalism in Brazil, 1910-1935 /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1068.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History." Discipline: History; Department/School: History.
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Waltz, Connie Lou. "Sources and iconography of the figural sculpture of the Church of the Holy Cross at Aght'amar." Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228504313.

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Greenwood, Toby. "What Makes Art Good?A Case Study of Children’s Aesthetic Responses to Art Works." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Educational Studies and Human Development, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5751.

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This study explores what 10-12-year-old students say they like and value in works of visual art. As the participants talk about their own and other people‟s art works they are formulating and expressing aesthetic responses and beginning to shape their individual aesthetic awareness. Because of the age of the participants, the exploration is framed in terms of “what makes art good”. The research was prompted by the introduction and implementation of the New Zealand Curriculum (2007), which not only positions art as a core area of learning, but also outlines values and key competencies that characterise a constructivist approach to knowledge. Such an approach requires active engagement by learners and suggests that it is important for teachers to understand their students‟ values and views. However, in the field of art education there is little published material that examines the views and reactions of students. A broadly qualitative approach to the case study was taken, drawing particularly on phenomenography and narrative. The study found that 10-12 year-old students do actively make judgements about art works, and while there are common themes that occur repeatedly, the bases of such judgement vary from student to student. The study also found students‟ ways of approaching art-making varied, with some, for example, concerned predominantly with the technical process while others were more interested in imagery or narrative intention. The thesis argues that it is important for teachers to be aware of how their students individually process their aesthetic responses in order to develop relevant and appropriate programmes.
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Sadovski, Katarina. "Slovenian Art after the year 1980 and the group Irwin." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze. Filmová a televizní fakulta AMU. Knihovna, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-78097.

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Ve své diplomové práci se zabývám slovinským uměním po roce 1980. V první části přibližuji politické pozadí tehdejší doby a jeho vliv na Interrupted Histories, subkultury a slovinské umělce, kteří vzešli z této scény. Ve druhé části hodnotím NSK a NSK state, skupinu Laibach a především kolektiv Irwin, kterému věnuji ve své práci větší pozornost. Zaměřila jsem se na jejich činnost a na jejich hlavní myšlenku, která říká, že žádný totalitní systém se nesmí opakovat. Snaží se přenášet svůj uhel pohledu na veci tím, že oživují původní totalitní systémy. V roce 1980 získala slovinská fotografie svou nezávislost.
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Wehmeier, Jennifer ML. "Constructing a pantheon of allies princely portraits and all'antica palace decorations in Renaissance Italy during the reign of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1610113721&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Anderson, Kathy. "Making their marks : teachers' understandings of art assessment at Year 11." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Christchurch College of Education, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3616.

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This thesis investigates understandings that secondary school art teachers hold about assessment of year 11 students' artwork. My experience as an art educator has lead to my interest in this area. Boughton (1997) also argues that there is a need for more systematic investigation to underpin the practices of assessment in art. An analysis of the fields of art education and assessment provided the context for the study and also informed the research process and research question. The field of art and art education is historically and theoretically contested and this influences curricula design and examination prescriptions creating a complex field for teachers to be involved in. A qualitative approach was chosen using unstructured interviews, participant observations in classroom settings and document analysis. Three female and three male teachers participated. The schools were similar sizes and included state, private, co- educational, single sex and semi rural. All teachers were trained and three were practising artists. Kvale cited in Hill (2001) explains how unstructured interviews allow openness to changes in sequences and forms of questions in order to follow up the answers given and stories told by participants. This was important in this study as the conversations of teachers refocused discussions during follow-up visits. Assessment events were videoed and replayed to participants to stimulate discussion. A qualitative approach was seen as appropriate for this project as the field of art education that teachers work in is continually being redefined and reconstructed. The writing process continually evolved as I read the literature. Burr (1995:4) provided insights into social constructionist methods describing how II our current accepted ways of understanding the world is a product not of objective observation of the world, but of the social processes and interactions in which people are constantly engaged with each other." As my writing evolved, the research question was redefined. Originally the research focus had been to find out how teachers went about assessing art. This was refocused into how they position themselves and are affected by the competing discourses in art education. It seemed that the data analysis and writing processes informed each other. The findings revealed three interconnecting layers, which provided insights into teachers' assessment practices. These layers included new assessment discourses such as standards based and formative assessment methods, summative assessment and national examination discourses, and traditional views about intelligence. The teachers' assessment methods were dominated by summative pressures, which resulted in professional concerns for teachers. These included: knowing what was acceptable practice,; needing to have agreement; maintaining standards; and establishing subject status for art education. The influence of traditional ideas about academic intelligence also seemed important to these teachers and contributed to maintaining the status of art education. These teachers used ideas about academic intelligence to categorize students' abilities and to inform assessment judgements. The thesis concludes by asking why art teachers have continued to value summative assessments, which have resulted in a narrow formalist approach in classroom practice and continual controversy about assessment judgements. It seems that the status of art education is validated through examination results. It appeared from this study that positioning art within an academic examination structure has compromised the curriculum basis for art education.
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Fleming, Miri 1947. "First year of discipline-based art education implementation by classroom teachers." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276746.

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The subject of art in Arizona elementary schools is often taught by general classroom teachers with no art training. In an attempt to rectify this situation, The 1986 Arizona Institute for Elementary Art Education, following the example of the Getty Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts, created Staff Development and Curriculum Implementation Programs for these teachers. This study evaluates the Curriculum Implementation Program of Year One of the Arizona Institute. Data for the study were compiled from 10 classroom observations and 23 interviews of Institute participants by two evaluators. The components of discipline-based instruction taught during Summer Staff Development were implemented by all participants. Implementation was on at least a mechanical level of use, and the evaluators' results showed interrater agreement.
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Books on the topic "Holy Year in art"

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1967-, Rossi Sergio, Vuolasto Johanna, and Amos Andersonin taidemuseo, eds. The art of the Jubilees in Papal Rome 1500-1750: Exhibition at the Amos Anderson Art Museum, 30.11.2000 - 28.1.2001. Helsinki: Amos Anderson Art Museum, 2000.

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Maurizio, Calvesi, and Canova Lorenzo, eds. Rejoice!: 700 years of art for the Papal Jubilee. New York: Rizzoli, 1999.

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Canova, Lorenzo, and Maurizio Calvesi. Arte a Roma: Pittura, scultura, architettura, nella storia dei Giubilei. [Milano]: Rizzoli, 1999.

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Snyder, Bernadette McCarver. Cycle B, decorating for Sundays & holy days. Mystic, Conn: Twenty-third Publications, 1990.

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Smith, Ila Nunnelley. Christian symbols, special holy days, and floral arrangements: Altar interpretations. Cullman, Ala. (P.O. Box 1045, Cullman 35056-1045): Gregath Pub. Co., 1994.

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Viterbo e i Giubilei del Rinascimento (1450-1550): Storia, personaggi, opere. Roma: GBE/Ginevra Bentivoglio editoriA, 2017.

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Holidays are holy days: Sermons for special Sundays. Lima, Ohio: CSS Pub. Co., 2004.

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Hidryma, Trapeza Kyprou Politistiko, and Hiera Mētropolis Morphou (Church : Morphou, Cyprus), eds. Holy Bishopric of Morphou: 2000 years of art and holiness. Nicosia: Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation, 2002.

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Marina, Righetti Tosti Croce, ed. Bonifacio VIII e il suo tempo: Anno 1300 e il primo giubileo. Milano: Electa, 2000.

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Marina, Righetti, Italy. Ministero per i beni e le attività culturali., Italy. Soprintendenza per i beni artistici e storici di Roma., Lazio (Italy). Assessorato alle politiche e promozione della cultura, dello spettacolo, del turismo e dello sport., Rome (Italy). Assessorato alle politiche culturali., and Palazzo Venezia (Rome Italy), eds. Bonifacio VIII e il suo tempo: Anno 1300 il primo Giubileo. Milano: Electa, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Holy Year in art"

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Crawshaw, Julie. "Holy Island." In Art Worlding, 71–92. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003046752-4.

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Atkinson, Nancy E., and Dan E. Burton. "Harrowing the Houses of the Holy: Images of Violation in Wulfstan’s Homilies." In The Year 1000, 49–62. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-11559-1_5.

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Destounis, Nicholas. "The Psychosomatic Medicine in the Year 2000." In Psychiatry the State of the Art, 503–8. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4697-5_83.

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Simopoulos, Aris M. "Psychotherapy of Psychosomatic Conditions in the Year 2000." In Psychiatry the State of the Art, 509–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4697-5_84.

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Kühnel, Bianca. "The Holy Land as a Factor in Christian Art." In Cultural Encounters in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, 463–504. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.celama-eb.3.3201.

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Hundley, Catherine E. "The people of Holy Sepulchre, Cambridge, in the 12th century." In Medieval Art, Architecture and Archaeology in Cambridge, 69–85. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003244981-4.

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Junkelmann, Marcus. "Bonaparte's Egyptian Campaign in Contemporary French Art." In Napoleon and the French in Egypt and the Holy Land, edited by Aryeh Shmuelevitz, 143–54. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225643-018.

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Achté, Kalle, Osmo Visuri, and Heikki Katila. "Use of TV for Clinical Training: A Fifteen Year Perspective." In Psychiatry The State of the Art, 333–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1853-9_52.

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Fernie, Eric. "The Anglo-Saxon Church of the Holy Trinity at Great Paxton." In Medieval Art, Architecture and Archaeology in Cambridge, 392–94. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003244981-19.

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Adorni, Giovanni, Andrea Bonarini, Giorgio Clemente, Daniele Nardi, Enrico Pagello, and Maurizio Piaggio. "ART’00 - Azzurra Robot Team for the Year 2000." In RoboCup 2000: Robot Soccer World Cup IV, 559–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45324-5_86.

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Conference papers on the topic "Holy Year in art"

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Loboda, M., and L. Litvinova. "RICHARD THE LIONHEART, THE ENGLISH KING." In Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_140-142.

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The article is dedicated to the English King Richard the Lionheart. The authors explore the reasons for the popularity of this king with the English, they made Richard the hero of countless English medieval ballads and songs. The article provides general biographical information on Richard the Lionheart, examining the dynastic grounds for his ascension to the English throne. Opposite to other English kings, Richard received his second noble name “Lionheart” as a result of the Crusade. His amazing courage and even rage for the Holy Sepulchre struggle, sacrifice, energy, commitment to the holy ideals, the talent of a warrior, human kindness are considered the undoubted positive qualities of the king. As the British think these are the basis for this English king to become famous in the history of the country and in the memory of the people. But some historical sources are rather critical towards well-established opinion about Richard the Lionheart, however, the fact of popular recognition of him as a real king, warrior and defender remains unquestionable.
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Dean, Lionel Theodore. "Holy Ghost." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 Art Gallery. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1667265.1667282.

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Erixån, Annika. "Holy Cow." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Art gallery. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1185884.1185911.

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Imam, Ayman, and Josep Roca Cladera. "Mapping land cover changes of pilgrimage sites in Mecca using multi-temporal satellite imagery." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8140.

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The Pilgrimage sites (Mina, Arafat and Muzdalifah) located in the southeast part of the holy city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia, or “Hajj Sites” as it is known, are one of the most important annual assembly areas for Muslims from all over the world and being visited by millions of pilgrims every year to perform the Islamic pilgrimage (Hajj). The sites have undergone significant change in land cover since the government embarked on a course of intense development projects 20 years ago, as a result of the increase in the number of pilgrims every year. Considering lack of studies that measure and evaluate land cover changes of the sites, this study detects, analyzes and evaluates land cover changes in Hajj sites from 1997 to 2013 using Landsat images of four different time periods, i.e., Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) of 1998, and Lamdsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus(ETM+) of 2003, 2008 and 2013. The supervised classification methodology has been employed through testing its different techniques to obtain the best possible result; the images of the study area were categorized into five different classes’ namely Built-up areas, Street, Mountain, un built-up and Vegetation. The comparison (pixel by pixel) was used to land cover changes detection. Generally, the results show a noticeable increase in area on both built-up and street due to the rapid development in the areas with decrease in vegetation and un built-up. The provided information, combined with the field observation work is essential for assist future planning and decisions in one hand, and on the other hand can play an important role in quantifying and understanding the relationship between population growth (pilgrims) and land cover changes.
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Kerrigan, Christian. "The 200 year continuum." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 Art Gallery. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1667265.1667269.

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Tjandradipura, Carina, Imam Santosa, and Gregorius Adhitama. "Lighting Aspect in Supporting Religiosity at The Holy Spirit Cathedral Denpasar Bali." In International Conference on Aesthetics and the Sciences of Art. Bandung, Indonesia: Bandung Institute of Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51555/338632.

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Adhoni, Zameer Ahmed, Zaheer Ahmed Adhoni, Abdul AhadSiddiqi, and Latifa El Mortaji. "Transliteration of knowledge retrieval in Urdu from Holy Quran using state of the art information technologies." In 2014 International Conference on Optimization, Reliabilty, and Information Technology (ICROIT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icroit.2014.6798354.

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Lavrentyeva, Elena. "The Church of the Holy Sepulchre during the Time of Constantine the Great: The Question of the Golgotha." In 2017 International Conference on Art Studies: Science, Experience, Education (ICASSEE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icassee-17.2018.10.

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Flores, José Antonio. "En Femenino." In Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura (JIDA). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/jida.2022.11630.

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The presence of women is already the majority in architecture students, with a growing trend for years; not so, for now, in the teaching staff. Architecture, like other disciplines in the Western world, has traditionally been male, but today the classrooms are full of young women who want to be architects. Teaching in architecture schools, despite the abundance of feminist studies, does not generally take into account the gender perspective. The study plans do not provide specific spaces for this matter, which favors the invisibility of women's work in the discipline and does not offer enough non-male references to students. This paper presents a two-year teaching experience that includes the gender perspective in the teaching of History of art and architecture for first-year students. La presencia de mujeres es ya mayoritaria en el estudiantado de arquitectura, con una tendencia creciente desde hace años; no así, por ahora, en el claustro docente. La arquitectura, como otras disciplinas en el mundo occidental, ha sido tradicionalmente masculina, pero hoy las aulas están llenas de chicas que quieren ser arquitectas. La docencia en las escuelas de arquitectura, pese a la abundancia de estudios feministas, no tiene generalmente en cuenta la perspectiva de género. Los planes de estudio no prevén espacios específicos para este asunto, lo que favorece la invisibilidad del trabajo de las mujeres en la disciplina y no ofrece suficientes referentes no masculinos a los/las estudiantes. Esta comunicación presenta una experiencia docente de dos años que incluye la perspectiva de género en la enseñanza de la Historia del arte y de la arquitectura para estudiantes de primer curso.
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Huangfu, Juan. "Digital Inheritance of the Art of Folk New Year Pictures." In 2015 2nd International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Intercultural Communication (ICELAIC-15). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icelaic-15.2016.134.

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Reports on the topic "Holy Year in art"

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Nyirongo, Godwin, Chiya Mangwele, Hugh Bagnall-Oakeley, Callum Northcote, Jacqueline Chalemera, Mphatso Nowa, Phindile Lupafaya, et al. Malawi Stories of Change in Nutrition: Funding for Nutrition. Save the Children, Civil Society Agriculture Network (CISANET), and Institute of Development Studies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.078.

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Malawi has strong policies and frameworks for nutrition but insufficient funding to implement them. Analyses of government budgets at national level and in 10 districts from financial years 2016/17 to 2022/23, found that domestic budget allocations for nutrition are still well below the 5% of national budget target set by the government. National budget allocations ranged between 0.5% to 3.7% depending on the year. At district level, they ranged from 0.2% to 1.6%, with only one district, in one financial year, exceeding the 1.5% target for district level nutrition budget allocations. Over 95% of nutrition activities in Malawi are currently funded by external donors. The absence of sufficient, consistent and dedicated domestic budget for nutrition at national and district level, means nutrition policies and plans will continue to be driven by, and dependent on, externally funded pilot-scale projects without national reach or ownership. Budget tracking is essential, as it provides data, which all actors can use to hold government to account on their commitments and funding targets.
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Frydman, Roman, and Nicholas Mangee. Expectations Concordance and Stock Market Volatility: Knightian Uncertainty in the Year of the Pandemic. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp164.

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This study introduces a novel index based on expectations concordance for explaining stock-price volatility when historically unique events cause unforeseeable change and Knightian uncertainty in the process driving outcomes. Expectations concordance measures the degree to which nonrepetitive events are associated with directionally similar expectations of future returns. Narrative analytics of daily news reports allow for assessment of bullish versus bearish views in the stock market. Increases in expectations concordance across all KU events leads to reinforcing effects and an increase in stock market volatility. Lower expectations concordance produces a stabilizing effect wherein the offsetting views reduce market volatility. The empirical findings hold for ex post and ex ante measures of volatility and for OLS and GARCH estimates.
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Chen, Gengbin, Tuo Lin, Manfeng Wu, Guiyuan Cai, Qian Ding, Jiayue Xu, Wanqi Li, Cheng Wu, Hongying Chen, and Yue Lan. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper-limb and finger function in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0121.

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Review question / Objective: P:Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) diagnosed with stroke based on relevant clinical examination; I:Intervention group with rTMS alone or in combination with other treatments with rTMS; C:Control group received sham treatment or no rTMS; O: Upper extremity function:the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE); Hand function:box and block test(BBT), nine-hole peg test(NHPT), and Purdue pegboard test(PPT); S:Randomized controlled trials (rather than crossover designs). Condition being studied: In Europe, more than 1 million new cases of stroke are reported each year. The absolute number of stroke patients is expected to increase in the near future due to the progressive aging of the population. Approximately 50-80% of stroke survivors present with upper extremity dysfunction. Recovery of upper extremity function is associated with improvements in activities of daily living and mental health. However, few stroke survivors show full recovery of upper extremity function 6 months after stroke. In addition, rehabilitation has a limited impact on the recovery of hand motor function.
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McCulloch, Neil. Energy Protests and Citizen Voice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.062.

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Recent years have seen energy protests erupt in many countries around the world. Globally, countries are wrestling with the need to achieve a just transition away from fossil fuels while at the same time ensuring access to affordable energy. Protests often have a common root cause: the undemocratic nature of energy policymaking. This Policy Briefing describes findings from research conducted in Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan, as well as from a global, cross-country study, and the insights from an International Roundtable. It asks how and under which conditions do struggles over energy in fragile and conflict-affected settings empower citizens to hold public authorities to account?
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DeAnna, Dixon, and Hodo Wayne. Finite element analysis of quoin block deterioration and load transfer mechanisms in miter gates : pintle and pintle connections. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40842.

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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) currently operates and maintains approximately 193 commercially active lock sites with 239 locks and dams spanning nearly 12,000 miles. These networks of water channels are used to transport 600 million tons of domestic cargo, generating $405 billion in revenue annually. Nearly 60% of these structures in operation are over 50 years old and have reached design life. A failure of the miter gates could result in a major negative impact on the economy and on the ability to maintain flood control. Administrators need recommendations to better prioritize maintenance and repair of the USACE miter gates. This work investigated the influence of miter gate’s quoin block degradation on load transfer to the pintle and/or pintle connections. Results of finite element analysis are reported for the quoin block degradation simulated levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%. The parametric study shows the overstressed regions are the pintle neck and bolt-hole regions. To improve pintle designs so they may better mitigate detrimental environmental based deterioration effects, this work recommends (1) increasing the thickness of the bolt-hole connection region and (2) adding ribbing reinforcement around the neck area of the pintle.
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Ray, Laura, Madeleine Jordan, Steven Arcone, Lynn Kaluzienski, Benjamin Walker, Peter Ortquist Koons, James Lever, and Gordon Hamilton. Velocity field in the McMurdo shear zone from annual ground penetrating radar imaging and crevasse matching. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42623.

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The McMurdo shear zone (MSZ) is strip of heavily crevassed ice oriented in the south-north direction and moving northward. Previous airborne surveys revealed a chaotic crevasse structure superimposed on a set of expected crevasse orientations at 45 degrees to the south-north flow (due to shear stress mechanisms). The dynamics that produced this chaotic structure are poorly understood. Our purpose is to present our field methodology and provide field data that will enable validation of models of the MSZ evolution, and here, we present a method for deriving a local velocity field from ground penetrating radar (GPR) data towards that end. Maps of near-surface crevasses were derived from two annual GPR surveys of a 28 km² region of the MSZ using Eulerian sampling. Our robot-towed and GPS navigated GPR enabled a dense survey grid, with transects of the shear zone at 50 m spacing. Each survey comprised multiple crossings of long (> 1 km) crevasses that appear in echelon on the western and eastern boundaries of the shear zone, as well as two or more crossings of shorter crevasses in the more chaotic zone between the western and eastern boundaries. From these maps, we derived a local velocity field based on the year-to-year movement of the same crevasses. Our velocity field varies significantly from fields previously established using remote sensing and provides more detail than one concurrently derived from a 29-station GPS network. Rather than a simple velocity gradient expected for crevasses oriented approximately 45 degrees to flow direction, we find constant velocity contours oriented diagonally across the shear zone with a wavy fine structure. Although our survey is based on near-surface crevasses, similar crevassing found in marine ice at 160 m depth leads us to conclude that this surface velocity field may hold through the body of meteoric and marine ice. Our success with robot-towed GPR with GPS navigation suggests we may greatly increase our survey areas.
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Evans, Julie, Kendra Sikes, and Jamie Ratchford. Vegetation classification at Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Mojave National Preserve, Castle Mountains National Monument, and Death Valley National Park: Final report (Revised with Cost Estimate). National Park Service, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279201.

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Vegetation inventory and mapping is a process to document the composition, distribution and abundance of vegetation types across the landscape. The National Park Service’s (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) program has determined vegetation inventory and mapping to be an important resource for parks; it is one of 12 baseline inventories of natural resources to be completed for all 270 national parks within the NPS I&M program. The Mojave Desert Network Inventory & Monitoring (MOJN I&M) began its process of vegetation inventory in 2009 for four park units as follows: Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE), Mojave National Preserve (MOJA), Castle Mountains National Monument (CAMO), and Death Valley National Park (DEVA). Mapping is a multi-step and multi-year process involving skills and interactions of several parties, including NPS, with a field ecology team, a classification team, and a mapping team. This process allows for compiling existing vegetation data, collecting new data to fill in gaps, and analyzing the data to develop a classification that then informs the mapping. The final products of this process include a vegetation classification, ecological descriptions and field keys of the vegetation types, and geospatial vegetation maps based on the classification. In this report, we present the narrative and results of the sampling and classification effort. In three other associated reports (Evens et al. 2020a, 2020b, 2020c) are the ecological descriptions and field keys. The resulting products of the vegetation mapping efforts are, or will be, presented in separate reports: mapping at LAKE was completed in 2016, mapping at MOJA and CAMO will be completed in 2020, and mapping at DEVA will occur in 2021. The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) and NatureServe, the classification team, have completed the vegetation classification for these four park units, with field keys and descriptions of the vegetation types developed at the alliance level per the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). We have compiled approximately 9,000 existing and new vegetation data records into digital databases in Microsoft Access. The resulting classification and descriptions include approximately 105 alliances and landform types, and over 240 associations. CNPS also has assisted the mapping teams during map reconnaissance visits, follow-up on interpreting vegetation patterns, and general support for the geospatial vegetation maps being produced. A variety of alliances and associations occur in the four park units. Per park, the classification represents approximately 50 alliances at LAKE, 65 at MOJA and CAMO, and 85 at DEVA. Several riparian alliances or associations that are somewhat rare (ranked globally as G3) include shrublands of Pluchea sericea, meadow associations with Distichlis spicata and Juncus cooperi, and woodland associations of Salix laevigata and Prosopis pubescens along playas, streams, and springs. Other rare to somewhat rare types (G2 to G3) include shrubland stands with Eriogonum heermannii, Buddleja utahensis, Mortonia utahensis, and Salvia funerea on rocky calcareous slopes that occur sporadically in LAKE to MOJA and DEVA. Types that are globally rare (G1) include the associations of Swallenia alexandrae on sand dunes and Hecastocleis shockleyi on rocky calcareous slopes in DEVA. Two USNVC vegetation groups hold the highest number of alliances: 1) Warm Semi-Desert Shrub & Herb Dry Wash & Colluvial Slope Group (G541) has nine alliances, and 2) Mojave Mid-Elevation Mixed Desert Scrub Group (G296) has thirteen alliances. These two groups contribute significantly to the diversity of vegetation along alluvial washes and mid-elevation transition zones.
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Kimhi, Ayal, Barry Goodwin, Ashok Mishra, Avner Ahituv, and Yoav Kislev. The dynamics of off-farm employment, farm size, and farm structure. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695877.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Preparing panel data sets for both the United States and Israel that contain a rich set of farm attributes, such as size, specialization, and output composition, and farmers’ characteristics such as off-farm employment status, education, and family composition. (2) Developing an empirical framework for the joint analysis of all the endogenous variables of interest in a dynamic setting. (3) Estimating simultaneous equations of the endogenous variables using the panel data sets from both countries. (4) Analyzing, using the empirical results, the possible effects of economic policies and institutional changes on the dynamics of the farm sector. An added objective is analyzing structural changes in farm sectors in additional countries. Background: Farm sectors in developed countries, including the U.S. and Israel, have experienced a sharp decline in their size and importance during the second half of the 20th century. The overall trend is towards fewer and larger farms that rely less on family labor. These structural changes have been a reaction to changes in technology, in government policies, and in market conditions: decreasing terms of trade, increasing alternative opportunities, and urbanization pressures. As these factors continue to change, so does the structure of the agricultural sector. Conclusions: We have shown that all major dimensions of structural changes in agriculture are closely interlinked. These include farm efficiency, farm scale, farm scope (diversification), and off-farm labor. We have also shown that these conclusions hold and perhaps even become stronger whenever dynamic aspects of structural adjustments are explicitly modeled using longitudinal data. While the results vary somewhat in the different applications, several common features are observed for both the U.S. and Israel. First, the trend towards the concentration of farm production in a smaller number of larger farm enterprises is likely to continue. Second, at the micro level, increased farm size is negatively associated with increased off-farm labor, with the causality going both ways. Third, the increase in farm size is mostly achieved by diversifying farm production into additional activities (crops or livestock). All these imply that the farm sector converges towards a bi-modal farm distribution, with some farms becoming commercial while the remaining farm households either exit farming altogether or continue producing but rely heavily on off-farm income. Implications: The primary scientific implication of this project is that one should not analyze a specific farm attribute in isolation. We have shown that controlling for the joint determination of the various farm and household attributes is crucial for obtaining meaningful empirical results. The policy implications are to some extent general but could be different in the two countries. The general implication is that farm policy is an important determinant of structural changes in the farm sector. For the U.S., we have shown the different effects of coupled and decoupled (direct) farm payments on the various farm attributes, and also shown that it is important to take into account the joint farm-household decisions in order to conduct a meaningful policy analysis. Only this kind of analysis explains the indirect effect of direct farm payments on farm production decisions. For Israel, we concluded that farm policy (or lack of farm policy) has contributed to the fast structural changes we observed over the last 25 years. The sharp change of direction in farm policy that started in the early 1980s has accelerated structural changes that could have been smoother otherwise. These accelerated structural changes most likely lead to welfare losses in rural areas.
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Agassi, Menahem, Michael J. Singer, Eyal Ben-Dor, Naftaly Goldshleger, Donald Rundquist, Dan Blumberg, and Yoram Benyamini. Developing Remote Sensing Based-Techniques for the Evaluation of Soil Infiltration Rate and Surface Roughness. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586479.bard.

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The objective of this one-year project was to show whether a significant correlation can be established between the decreasing infiltration rate of the soil, during simulated rainstorm, and a following increase in the reflectance of the crusting soil. The project was supposed to be conducted under laboratory conditions, using at least three types of soils from each country. The general goal of this work was to develop a method for measuring the soil infiltration rate in-situ, solely from the reflectance readings, using a spectrometer. Loss of rain and irrigation water from cultivated fields is a matter of great concern, especially in arid, semi-arid regions, e.g. much of Israel and vast area in US, where water is a limiting factor for crop production. A major reason for runoff of rain and overhead irrigation water is the structural crust that is generated over a bare soils surface during rainfall or overhead irrigation events and reduces its infiltration rate (IR), considerably. IR data is essential for predicting the amount of percolating rainwater and runoff. Available information on in situ infiltration rate and crust strength is necessary for the farmers to consider: when it is necessary to cultivate for breaking the soil crust, crust strength and seedlings emergence, precision farming, etc. To date, soil IR is measured in the laboratory and in small-scale field plots, using rainfall simulators. This method is tedious and consumes considerable resources. Therefore, an available, non-destructive-in situ methods for soil IR and soil crusting levels evaluations, are essential for the verification of infiltration and runoff models and the evaluation of the amount of available water in the soil. In this research, soil samples from the US and Israel were subjected to simulated rainstorms of increasing levels of cumulative energies, during which IR (crusting levels) were measured. The soils from the US were studied simultaneously in the US and in Israel in order to compare the effect of the methodology on the results. The soil surface reflectance was remotely measured, using laboratory and portable spectrometers in the VIS-NIR and SWIR spectral region (0.4-2.5mm). A correlation coefficient spectra in which the wavelength, consisting of the higher correlation, was selected to hold the highest linear correlation between the spectroscopy and the infiltration rate. There does not appear to be a single wavelength that will be best for all soils. The results with the six soils in both countries indeed showed that there is a significant correlation between the infiltration rate of crusted soils and their reflectance values. Regarding the wavelength with the highest correlation for each soil, it is likely that either a combined analysis with more then one wavelength or several "best" wavelengths will be found that will provide useful data on soil surface condition and infiltration rate. The product of this work will serve as a model for predicting infiltration rate and crusting levels solely from the reflectance readings. Developing the aforementioned methodologies will allow increased utilization of rain and irrigation water, reduced runoff, floods and soil erosion hazards, reduced seedlings emergence problems and increased plants stand and yields.
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Lewis, Dustin, Radhika Kapoor, and Naz Modirzadeh. Advancing Humanitarian Commitments in Connection with Countering Terrorism: Exploring a Foundational Reframing concerning the Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/uzav2714.

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The imperative to provide humanitarian and medical services on an urgent basis in armed conflicts is anchored in moral tenets, shared values, and international rules. States spend tens of billions of dollars each year to help implement humanitarian programs in conflicts across the world. Yet, in practice, counterterrorism objectives increasingly prevail over humanitarian concerns, often resulting in devastating effects for civilian populations in need of aid and protection in war. Not least, confusion and misapprehensions about the power and authority of States relative to the United Nations Security Council to set policy preferences and configure legal obligations contribute significantly to this trajectory. In this guide for States, we present a framework to reconfigure relations between these core commitments by assessing the counterterrorism architecture through the lens of impartial humanitarianism. We aim in particular to provide an evidence base and analytical frame for States to better grasp key legal and policy issues related to upholding respect for principled humanitarian action in connection with carrying out the Security Council’s counterterrorism decisions. We do so because the lack of knowledge regarding interpretation and implementation of counterterrorism resolutions matters for the coherence, integrity, and comprehensiveness of humanitarian policymaking and protection of the humanitarian imperative. In addition to analyzing foundational concerns and evaluating discernible behaviors and attitudes, we identify avenues that States may take to help achieve pro-humanitarian objectives. We also endeavor to help disseminate indications of, and catalyze, States’ legally relevant positions and practices on these issues. In section 1, we introduce the guide’s impetus, objectives, target audience, and structure. We also describe the methods that we relied on and articulate definitions for key terms. In section 2, we introduce key legal actors, sources of law, and the notion of international legal responsibility, as well as the relations between international and national law. Notably, Security Council resolutions require incorporation into national law in order to become effective and enforceable by internal administrative and judicial authorities. In section 3, we explain international legal rules relevant to advancing the humanitarian imperative and upholding respect for principled humanitarian action, and we sketch the corresponding roles of humanitarian policies, programs, and donor practices. International humanitarian law (IHL) seeks to ensure — for people who are not, or are no longer, actively participating in hostilities and whose needs are unmet — certain essential supplies, as well as medical care and attention for the wounded and sick. States have also developed and implemented a range of humanitarian policy frameworks to administer principled humanitarian action effectively. Further, States may rely on a number of channels to hold other international actors to account for safeguarding the humanitarian imperative. In section 4, we set out key theoretical and doctrinal elements related to accepting and carrying out the Security Council’s decisions. Decisions of the Security Council may contain (binding) obligations, (non-binding) recommendations, or a combination of the two. UN members are obliged to carry out the Council’s decisions. Member States retain considerable interpretive latitude to implement counterterrorism resolutions. With respect to advancing the humanitarian imperative, we argue that IHL should represent a legal floor for interpreting the Security Council’s decisions and recommendations. In section 5, we describe relevant conduct of the Security Council and States. Under the Resolution 1267 (1999), Resolution 1989 (2011), and Resolution 2253 (2015) line of resolutions, the Security Council has established targeted sanctions as counterterrorism measures. Under the Resolution 1373 (2001) line of resolutions, the Security Council has adopted quasi-“legislative” requirements for how States must counter terrorism in their national systems. Implementation of these sets of resolutions may adversely affect principled humanitarian action in several ways. Meanwhile, for its part, the Security Council has sought to restrict the margin of appreciation of States to determine how to implement these decisions. Yet international law does not demand that these resolutions be interpreted and implemented at the national level by elevating security rationales over policy preferences for principled humanitarian action. Indeed, not least where other fields of international law, such as IHL, may be implicated, States retain significant discretion to interpret and implement these counterterrorism decisions in a manner that advances the humanitarian imperative. States have espoused a range of views on the intersections between safeguarding principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. Some voice robust support for such action in relation to counterterrorism contexts. A handful call for a “balancing” of the concerns. And some frame respect for the humanitarian imperative in terms of not contradicting counterterrorism objectives. In terms of measures, we identify five categories of potentially relevant national counterterrorism approaches: measures to prevent and suppress support to the people and entities involved in terrorist acts; actions to implement targeted sanctions; measures to prevent and suppress the financing of terrorism; measures to prohibit or restrict terrorism-related travel; and measures that criminalize or impede medical care. Further, through a number of “control dials” that we detect, States calibrate the functional relations between respect for principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. The bulk of the identified counterterrorism measures and related “control dials” suggests that, to date, States have by and large not prioritized advancing respect for the humanitarian imperative at the national level. Finally, in section 6, we conclude by enumerating core questions that a State may answer to help formulate and instantiate its values, policy commitments, and legal positions to secure respect for principled humanitarian action in relation to counterterrorism contexts.
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