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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Home loans'
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Sharma, Satish. "Consumer credit scoring : an empirical study involving home loans within the Nepalese banking sector." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2009. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1974/.
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Nepalese banks have witnessed a considerable shift in recent years towards its loans and advances by focussing on consumer credit. The traditional method of evaluating applicants that is based on the judgmental system is increasingly becoming inappropriate for the large volume of applicants. As a result of the shift in the lending market and the increased emphasis placed by the regulator on risk management, Nepalese banks have to rethinking on the way they assess their applicants for credit. Traditionally, the credit decision whether to accept/reject an applicant has been based on the subjective evaluation of the credit application forms and supporting documents. The literature advocates an objective approach on the lines of credit scoring which is fast, reliable, consistent and risk-based. On the strengths of this argument, this thesis presents the qualitative and quantitative considerations including issues relating to data capture, model development and implementation of a formal credit scoring model within the Nepalese Banking sector. The questionnaire was administered with the non-managerial level staff, the respondents in the expert interviews were managerial level staff and the database for model development were taken from a home loans customer database of a typical Nepalese bank. The findings of this work point to the fact that it is possible to develop such an objective model using six key characteristics and jointly produce a model that will predict the quality of loan with an acceptable degree of confidence.
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Lörtscher, Sandro. "Impact of student loans on home equity in the United States : An empirical model." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160997.
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Between 2004 and 2017, the aggregated amount of outstanding student loans in the United States increased from $345 billion to $1,38 trillion, an increase of 300% over a little more than a decade. While this study partly explains the above increase, its aim is to determine whether outstanding student loans adversely affect a household’s ability to accumulate home equity. Median regression results of the 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th percentile all show negative association between home equity and outstanding student loans, with a decrease of -$0.32 to -$0.92 in homeequity for every $1 in outstanding student loans. The increasing burden of outstanding studentloans may pose a threat to the short- and long-term financial health of households in the United States.
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Lee, Kyubang. "The demand for owner-occupied housing : a study of the simultaneity among housing demand, the choice of loan-value ratio and the length of stay /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1278610468.
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Lee, Yun Sang. "The impact of high-leverage home loans on racial/ethnic segregation among homebuyers in the mortgage boom." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47672.
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Residential racial segregation has been perennially viewed as a major urban problem in the United States. Meanwhile, the single-family mortgage market has been an influential factor in determining segregation since at least the 1930s. Although many prior studies rightly have focused on the very real individual and social costs of subprime loans and related loan features, the greater leverage they afford also may have allowed some, especially minority, homebuyers to purchase properties they otherwise would not have been able to afford. Limited loan-to-value and payment-to-income ratio requirements have constrained borrowers from prime, conventional lenders, and relaxing these standards might allow some borrowers to purchase more expensive homes, possibly in higher quality neighborhoods.
Additionally, if minority borrowers disproportionately obtained high-leverage loans, the effect of these loans on neighborhood choice may be greater for minorities than non-Hispanic whites. Since higher-quality neighborhoods are disproportionately non-Hispanic white or racially diverse, the increase in high-leverage mortgages might mitigate the neighborhood quality gap between minorities and non-Hispanic whites and reduce levels of racial/ethnic segregation. Accordingly, this dissertation focuses on two research questions: 1) whether high-leverage home purchase loans enabled borrowers to purchase more expensive homes and homes in higher-quality neighborhoods; and 2) whether these loans affected the racial/ethnic segregation of homebuyers at the metropolitan level. Since blacks and Hispanics comprise significant minorities in many metropolitan areas in the 2000s, I examine the questions for three racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanics whites, blacks, and Hispanics.
To answer the first question, household housing demand and neighborhood quality models are estimated using the American Housing Survey data. To answer the second question, metropolitan area segregation models are estimated primarily using the American Community Survey and the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act. Both cross-sectional and fixed-effect panel segregation models are estimated using a two-stage least squares approach with chosen instruments.
I find that the use of high-leverage loans increases housing demand and neighborhood quality, holding other household characteristics constant. I also find that high-leverage loans have a substantial, negative effect on black segregation, while the effect on Hispanic segregation is somewhat ambiguous. The findings suggest that policymakers should consider the impact of regulations affecting allowable loan-to-value and payment-to-income ratios on borrowers' residential choice and urban form, as well as on default risk.
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Skelton, Ross Alexander. "The impact of home loan key facts sheets on borrowers' comparisons of loan costs." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/91053/4/Ross_Skelton_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of the prescribed design and distribution requirements of the Australian Government's home loan key facts sheets (KFS) aimed at helping borrowers compare loan costs. The findings show that despite effectively improving borrower decision-making, few borrowers were aware of their existence and function. It was also demonstrated that KFS have had limited market impact over the four year window since introduction, likely due to the requirement that KFS provision is not required unless formally requested by a borrower. Recommendations include transferring the burden of disclosure to lenders in the first instance to address this information gap.
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McElroy, Mathew S. "Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac lending patterns along the Texas-Mexico border." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Mafra, Fábio Dieguez Barreiro. "Classificação de risco dos certificados de recebíveis imobiliários - estruturação de um processo de rating da perda potencial da carteira securitizada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-22072007-162217/.
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O trabalho apresenta um processo de classificação de risco dos Certificados de Recebíveis Imobiliários (CRIs), quanto à expectativa de perda presente na carteira de créditos imobiliários, objeto de securitização. O texto, primeiramente, descreve o andamento das operações de securitização no Brasil e no mundo, além de aspectos particulares dessas operações. Em seguida, com maior ênfase, são descritas as principais etapas do processo de rating praticado pelas instituições classificadoras, assim como também, são identificados e analisados os riscos presentes nos CRIs. Riscos estes de origem mercadológica, macroeconômica, legal, e também, associados aos atributos dos créditos que compõem a carteira. Vale destacar, que o processo de classificação proposto tem como foco o investidor que compra o título, aplicando-se ainda, apenas aos CRIs lastreados em créditos imobiliários residenciais. Quanto ao processo de classificação em si, este envolve a simulação do fluxo de caixa da operação; a arbitragem de fronteiras de flutuação do comportamento das variáveis de risco manipuladas no cenário de referência; a geração randômica de uma amostra de laboratório, seguida da análise estatística do nível de perda presente na mesma e; enquadramento do resultado da análise estatística em uma matriz classificatória para obtenção da nota de risco dos CRIs. Portanto, ao fim do trabalho terão sido apresentados procedimentos que se entendem como válidos à análise da perda potencial de carteiras de créditos imobiliários residenciais, além de recomendações e orientações quanto a sua real aplicabilidade no mercado brasileiro.The work presents a classification process of risk of Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) in relation to the loss expectation in the housing loans portfolio that is object of securitization. Firstly, it is described how the operations of securitization are accomplished in Brazil and in the world, and beyond it is showed particular aspects of these operations. After that, it is emphasized the main stages of the risk classification process carried out by rating agencies, as well as are identified and analyzed the risks in the MBS. Those risks arise from areas as marketing, macroeconomics, legal origins, and also they are associated with the credits attributes that comprise the portfolio. It is important to consider that the risk classification process focus on the investor who purchases the stock quotes and it is applied only to the MBS collateralized in housing loans. How much to the process of classification in itself, this involves the simulation of the cash flow of the securitization operation for certain expected scene; the arbitration of borders of fluctuation for each variable of risk manipulated in the reference scene; use of laboratory sample, generated by the random method, for analysis statistics of the level of present loss in the same and; framing of the result of the analysis statistics in a matrix of classification to obtain the note of risk of the MBS. As main conclusions, some procedures are presented that enable the analysis of the portfolio potential loss of residential home loans, beyond recommendations and orientations in regard to its real applicability in the Brazilian market.
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Petrovic, Dario. "Bostadsköp - en studie om lånekulturen bland unga hushåll i Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146613.
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Det finansiella systemet är nära sammanlänkat med bolånemarknaden, tillgången till finansiering har blivit större och allt fler hushåll väljer att belåna sig. Det medför fördelar med även nackdelar då det finansiella systemet är ytterst känsligt för störningar på bolånemarknaden. Det är även svårt att konstatera vad som menas med en övervärderad bostadsmarknad då olika definitioner ges av olika aktörer. Prisutvecklingen ligger idag över sin långsiktiga trend vilket har gett upphov till spekulation om en eventuell bostadsbubbla. Enligt aktuella utredningar ser dock bostadspriserna ut att ha anpassat sig till nya tillväxtvillkor i form av sjunkande räntenivåer, lägre bostadsbyggande samt ökade hushållsinkomster och anses därmed i stor utsträckning kunna förklaras av fundamentala faktorer. I syfte att förhindra en osund utveckling på kreditmarknaden infördes ett bolånetak och sedan införandet har belåningsgraden för nya lån sjunkit, utöver det har även andelen bolån med belåningsgrad över 85 procent minskat. Det talas dock om huruvida belåningsgraden är hållbar och om säkerhetsmarginalerna är tillräckliga. Sammanfattningsvis redovisar studien att alltfler unga hushåll får hjälp av familj för att kunna etablera sig på bostadsmarknaden. Dessa unga hushåll har ofta irrationella förväntningar gällande bostadspriserna då de extrapolerar bakåt vid slutsatser om framtiden, samtidigt som merparten anser att priserna är övervärderade. Men till skillnad från den allmänna debatten där bolånetagare ofta framställs som oansvariga, visar studien på det motsatta. Huvudparten amorterar enligt bankens rekommendationer och är medvetna om eventuella ränteförändringar vilket tyder på en sund belåning. Den hårt reglerade hyresmarknaden begränsar dock alternativen för de som egentligen inte vill ta sig in på ägarmarknaden och kan därmed innebära riskfyllda bostadsköp. Således visar studien på en splittrad inställning avseende bostadsköpet då många hellre hade valt att hyra om det fanns ett större utbud av hyresrätter till skäliga priser.The financial system is closely linked to the mortgage market, the availability of financing has become greater and increasingly more households choose to own and borrow. It brings advantages and disadvantages when the financial system is extremely sensitive to disturbances in the mortgage market. It is difficult to determine the meaning of an overvalued housing market due to the different definitions given by different actors. The price trend is currently above its long-term trend that has given rise to speculation about a possible housing bubble. However according to recent investigations housing prices appear to have adapted to the new growth conditions in the form of falling interest rates, lower housing and increased household incomes and is thus largely explained by fundamental factors. In order to prevent an unhealthy trend in the credit market, a mortgage limit has been introduced and since its introduction the value ratio for new loans has dropped, beyond that, the proportion of mortgages with LTV above 85 percent has also declined. There is a discussion, however, about whether the leverage is sustainable and whether the safety margins are adequate. In conclusion, the study shows that more and more young households receive help from family in order to establish themselves in the housing market. These young households tend to have illogical expectations about prices on the housing market because they extrapolate backward regarding conclusions about the future, while the majority believes that prices are overvalued. But unlike the general debate where mortgage holders are often portrayed as irresponsible, the study shows the opposite. The majority amortizes according to the bank's recommendations and are aware of any changes in interest rates, indicating a healthy leverage. The highly regulated rental market, however, limits the options for those who don’t really want to enter the ownership market and can thus involve risky home purchases. Thus, the study shows a fragmented approach regarding home purchases when many would rather have chosen to rent if there was a greater range of rental units at reasonable prices.
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Dey, Shubhasis. "Essays on consumer lines of credit credit cards and home equity lines of credit /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5num=osu1091811947.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 97 p. : ill. Advisor: Lucia Dunn, Department of Economics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-97).
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Siu, Yee-lin Richard, and 蕭爾年. "Landuse, home-ownership and development: feasibility of tax relief on housing mortgages in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257732.
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Ondrašíková, Kristýna. "Uplatnění matematických a statistických metod v řízení podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400132.
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Ondrašíková, K. Application of Mathematical and Statistical Methods in Business Management. Thesis. Brno: Brno University of Technology, 2019. This thesis deals with the analysis of the mortgage market and the identification of factors that influence its growth. The thesis proposes using the available mathematical and statistical methods of measures for the bank at the level of mortgage sales based on the market analysis.
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Shand, Jennifer M. "The Impact of Early-Life Debt on Household Formation: An Empirical Investigation of Homeownership, Marriage and Fertility." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1219932449.
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Yam, Ya-may Lily, and 任雅薇. "Home purchase loan scheme: is it a feasible scheme?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257604.
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Sin, Pui-wah Leo. "An analysis of the policy orientation and effectiveness of the home purchase loan scheme." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13553033.
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Chan, Wai-lin Rose. "Effectiveness of the home purchase loan scheme as a tool of government's market-led housing policy on assisted home ownership." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31969306.
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Leung, Wing-hong, and 梁永康. "A critical assessment of the home purchase loan scheme in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976335.
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Kwong, Hay-yin Freda. "Housing for the middle income group : sandwich class housing loan scheme (1993) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19738389.
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Heyns, Sias. "Home loan profitability optimisation in the financial industry / by Sias Heyns." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/768.
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Product profitability needs to remain a competitive advantage to a bank's home loan product. Ever changing customer needs and even more demanding customers today enforce reasons to investigate the profitability of home loans. Other aspects to consider includes transfer pricing, ROA, cost to deliver product to market areas (marketing and distribution cost) and break-even period. Banks are facing immense challenges to achieve sustainable profitability. Historically low interest rates are compressing margins and forcing banks to enhance performance management capabilities (Convery, 2003:39). The presence of both fixed and variable costs make it very difficult to evaluate the real profitability of a product. In the banking environment the normal way of measuring profitability is to deduct the fixed cost and variable cost on average from the income generated through interest and non-interest income per home loan account.
Home loan profitability is influenced by various factors like interest rates, origination fees, fixed cost, variable cost, bad debt, inflation rates, house prizes and income levels of the customer base. The mix of income levels per household in a geographic area influence the profitability of a home loan in that area. A customer that earns a high income is usually more demanding regarding the interest payable on the home loan, for example interest rates of mortgage bond rate (MBR) less 2 percent are demanded. Customers that earn a lower income normally pay interest as set by the bank according to an interest rate matrix that is used in relation to loan to value (LTV).
"Banks' profit margin is increasingly under pressure due to higher interest rates. This necessarily means that banks will have to increase non-interest income." (Gavin Opperman, ME Home loans, 18 March 2007). The sources of home loan applications are originators (65%), channels (25%) and estate agents (10%). At Absa bank who is the leader in home loan finance with 33% market share the channels is represented by Retail Banking, Bank Brokers and Private Bank.
By measuring home loan profitability on a branch level will give a bank the benefit of capitalizing on the strengths of the different product offerings, limiting weaknesses, create more opportunities internally and externally, whilst eliminating threats. The focus will be on operating income, operating expenses versus profitability and ROA (defined as return on net income after tax / balances).
Corporate and Business banking, Small Business and Foreign Exchange will be excluded. The profitability model of a bank has been discussed. It is hoped that through this research the key elements have been identified to optimize product profitability for home loans. The variable interest rate home loan is the most common form of home loan. It is however very difficult to evaluate the real profitability of a home loan due to variable and fixed cost components that might differ from time to time. This apparently prevent banks from offering better home loan rates since the cost to income decreased due to higher variable cost. Banks use mortgage originators because it offers an additional marketing channel in a highly competitive home loan market. The National Credit Act rules dictate that customers have to declare all information pertaining to income and expenditure before a home loan can be approved. The competition further expand on client potential, acquisition costs, product attrition, market penetration and market segmentation as elements that influence the marketing mix problem. When used as a measurement of profitability reporting, contribution margin more clearly shows how cost behaviour impacts on profitability.
In taking a contribution margin approach when reporting profitability focuses the user directly on fixed and variable cost behaviour. While fixed expenses stay the same as volume increases, fixed unit costs actually go down within the relevant volume tolerance range.
The higher the loan value the higher the risk and expected losses in bad debt. Higher capital amounts lend to customers increase the unexpected losses.
"Economic capital" is the capital banks set aside as a buffer against potential losses inherent in any business activity - mortgage lending.
The purpose of the Home Loans Value model is to provide Home Loans business units with a tool to reach some of the most important objectives listed above. This model projects the economic value1 of new retail mortgage business and enables the business to make strategic and tactical decisions based on future profitability.
The dependable variables used for analysis are average economic profit (EP) per account and return on assets (ROA) per account. The different independent variables are expected to have an influence on home loan profitability and if closer attention can be given to each of these aspects the profitability of home loans in the financial industry will be optimized. The independent variables are categorized in demographical variables, operational variables, financial variables and channel distribution.
The cost components allocated to business generated by mortgage originators and estate agents are high and should impact the profitability of home loans generated through these channels. One of the ways to optimise home loan profitability is to have special sales drives that have the objective of increasing the home loan book and increase market share. Market analyses per area in the different provinces gives a better understanding of your customer base and enable better quality credit decisions to optimise profitability of home loans.
The study showed an inverse relationship between ROA and EP due to credit impairments and overhead costs.Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
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Sin, Pui-wah Leo, and 冼沛華. "An analysis of the policy orientation and effectiveness of the home purchase loan scheme." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964357.
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Chan, Wai-lin Rose, and 陳惠蓮. "Effectiveness of the home purchase loan scheme as a tool ofgovernment's market-led housing policy on assisted home ownership." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969306.
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Kwong, Hay-yin Freda, and 鄺希姘. "Housing for the middle income group: sandwichclass housing loan scheme (1993)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967772.
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Yeung, Yuk-chun Mimi. "An analysis of the assisted home purchase scheme." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13236350.
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Cooper, David J. "Liquidity of depository institutions and the use of federal home loan bank advances." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 1999. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/56.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Business Administration
Finance
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Aleknavičius, Deimantas. "Būsto paskolų įmokų poveikio namų ūkių biudžeto lygiui analizė ir vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101108_154330-36693.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuoti ir susisteminti įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių namų ūkių biudžeto bei finansinių įsipareigojimų aspektai. Atsižvelgus į literatūros šaltiniuose autorių siūlomą problemos tyrimo metodologiją, būsto paskolų įmokų poveikio namų ūkių biudžetų lygio įvertinimui sukuriamas scenarijų modelis. Darbe išsamiai analizuojami skirtingų tipų šalies namų ūkių finansiniai duomenys ir jų dinamika, taikant santykinių rodiklių analizę kiekybiškai įvertinamas šalies namų ūkių įsiskolinimo lygis. Taikant scenarijų modelį, įvertinamas būsto paskolų įmokų poveikis namų ūkių biudžetų lygiui. Iš dalies patvirtinama autoriaus suformuluota mokslinio tyrimo hipotezė, kad didėjančios būsto paskolų įmokos didina nemokių namų ūkių skaičių.Various Lithuanian and foreign authors’ household budget and financial obligations aspects have been analysed and systematized in the final Master’s work. Considering to the authors’ suggested methodology of problem investigation which is given in literature source, scenarios model has been created for the reason of influence of home loans deposits’ to the level evaluation of households’ budgets. Different types of country household financial data, their dynamic have been properly analysing in the work and applying analysis of comparative indexes indebtedness level of country households is evaluated quantitatively. Applying scenarios model, deposits influence of home loans has been evaluated to determine budget level of households. Partly the author’s formulated hypothesis of scientific research has been confirmed that growing deposits of home loans increase the number of insolvent households.
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Othman, Shizatul Fazrina Binti. "The Prohibition of Riba and the alternative methods of home financing : a case study of Malaysian Muslim home buyers." Lincoln University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2343.
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The objective of the "The Probihition of Riba and the alternative methods of home financing: a case study of Malaysian Muslim home buyers" thesis is to analyze the Islamic home loan financing offered by banks and financial institutions in Malaysia and the characteristics of Malaysian home buyers and/or home owners towards the product. In the thesis, consideration has been given to economic, social and environmental parameters which selection and factors influencing have been ranked accordingly. This study uses quantitative study similar to what was employed in previous researches. A self-administered survey questionnaire to 320 respondents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia was held in October 2007 which 301 respondents returned the survey with a response rate of 89 percent. In this study, the results were presented from mean analysis, indepedent t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis. The study presents interesting findings on Al-Bay Bithaman Ajil (BBA) concept of home loan financing to the alternative Musharakah Mutanaqisah (MM) home loan financing, which MM home loan financing has more benefit than BBA home loan financing. Currently, only BBA home loan financing has been widely used within bank and/or financial institutions in Malaysia. The study also indicated that despite of religion or race, every respondent has their own view provided they were given sufficient information and/or know of the Islamic home loan financing. The logit model developed in this study identified "education" and "sources of Islamic home loan financing" as having an influence on purchasing home behavior with "home cost" variable taken into account. Hitherto with Bumiputra privileges and certain pro-Bumiputra policies in Malaysia, Malays community has more opportunities than non-Malays community in buying homes due to Bumiputra Laws which have been established in the Malaysian New Economic Policy (NEP) since 1971. The NEP adopts the goal of poverty eradication and economic restructuring so as to eliminate the identification of ethnicity with economic function. Bumiputra privileges and quotas are based on Article 153 of the Constitution that provided special rights for the Malays. With all privileges given by the Government abovementioned, it may affect the socio-economic characteristics which influence to the decision to purchase a home. Nevertheless, regardless of ethnicity or religion, Islamic banks have greater social and moral responsibility to ensure that their principles of financing are fair to everyone. The Malaysian Islamic financial sector is seen as one of the most progressive and atrractive in the world given the numerous incentives planned and further liberation in the coming years. Malaysia has a comprehensive regulatory and supervisory framework that caters to the unique charactertics of Islamic finance with the strong financial standards, such as that corporate governance, transparency, disclosure, accountability, market discipline, risk management and customer protection. With these elements, new attractive schemes can be developed to meet Malaysian bank customers' needs. This study provides various views of Islamic home loan financing in Malaysia as an alternative to conventional home loan financing.
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Burkhalter, Jenna M. "A climate assessment of Pulte Homes Mortgage Department." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007burkhalterj.pdf.
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Bau, Siu-man Sylvia. "Sandwich class housing scheme & loan schemes : a solution to ease Hong Kong's housing problem? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21028783.
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Wright, John Beric. "A computer software model for the assessment of commercial property loans." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49683.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The development of computer software is a complex and laborious task, further complicated by the fact that copyright legislation is vague, at best. If the software is being developed for commercial exploitation then speed to market is essential and, even then, there is little to prevent skilled competitors from copying or even cloning the model. During the course of the year 2000 a team of developers, c ompr t s tn g Phillip Munday, Chris Vietri and the writer, not only managed to develop and prototype a complex loan evaluation software model, but have carried it through to the initial stages of a phased implementation and are presently involved in negotiations to sell the intellectual property rights (IPR) to a firm which specialises in the marketing of software to the banking industry internationally. It is virtually impossible for a single person to develop a model of this nature as it requires a comprehensive skills asset, including broad-based financial knowledge, specialised banking skills as well as a sound knowledge of information systems architecture, not to mention software p rogramming skills. The implementation and subsequent sale of the model further required comprehensive project management skills as well as the human resources understanding required for the substantial change management involved. Each of these 3 parties brought not only their particular exp ert i se to the table, but also a holistic view of the final shap e and form of the model. As is the case with projects of this magnitude numerous difficulties were encountered. These were, however, all overcome, via a series of iterations, and the model was introduced to the business on schedule. The implementation itself was fraught with difficulty, but the combination of a phased approach, together with comprehensive training and support, has led to the acceptance of the model by business users. There remain some technical difficulties which require to be resolved, particularly the disappointing performance of the model over a wide area network and also its integration with existing systems, but the model itself has exceeded expectations. It is simple to use, allows for a comprehensive and focused loan assessment and offers the ability to perform sophisticated sensitivity analysis in a fraction of a second. The model is now in its final shape and has been formally named Version 1.0, yet a great deal of work remains. We, as a bank, are not ideally suited to become purveyors of software and need to expedite the transfer of the IPR to a neutral party, to avoid local banks who might wish to purchase it from viewing our involvement with suspicion. Once this has been done, and the final phase of implementation concluded in March 2001, we will be able to move on to the exciting task of creating derivatives of the model, aimed at meeting the needs of other elements of the industry.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van rekenaar-sagteware is 'n lang en intensiewe proses. Hierdie proses word voorts bemoeilik deur onvoldoende en ongetoetsde patentreg-wetgewing. Wanneer die doel van sagtewareontwikkeling winsbejag is, is leweringspoed na gebruikers van die uiterste belang aangesien menige mededinger die vermoë het om 'n model na te boots en te verbeter. Gedurende die afgelope jaar het 'n ontwikkelingspan bestaande uit Phillip Munday, Chris Vietri en die skrywer 'n werksmodel van 'n gesofistikeerde, krediet-evalueri ng sagteware modelontwikkel. Nie net is hierdie model deurgevoer tot 'n gefasseerde, interne implementering nie; dit is nou vêr genoeg ontwikkel om die intellektuele eiendomsreg te verkoop aan 'n groep wat toegespits is op die bemarking van bankgerigte sagteware op 'n wêreldwye basis. Dit is bykans onmoontlik vir een persoon om 'n soortgelyke model te ontwikkel weens die omvattende finansiëIe - en bankpraktyk kennis wat vereis word. Verdere vereistes is 'n deeglike kennis van sagteware argitektuur en programmering. Die implimentering en verkoop van die program vereis ook wye kundigheid op die gebiede van projekbestuur en vernuwingsbestuur weens die potensiële strukturele veranderinge in 'n nuwe gebruiker. Elkeen van die 3 partye het benewens sy eie kundigheid ook 'n oorsigtige bydrae gelewer tot die finale model. Soos met elke projek van hierdie omvang was daar groot struikelblokke. Die uitdagings is oorkom deur menige probeerslae en die model is betyds aan die besigheid bekendgestel. Die implimentering was moeiliker as verwag maar deur 'n gefasseerde proses en omvattende opleiding en ondersteuning is aanvaarding deur gebruikers verseker. Daar is enkele, onopgelosde tegniese probleme soos die swak werkverrigting oor 'n wye' area-netwerk en die moeilike integrasie met bestaande stelsels. Desnieteenstaande het die model die meeste verwagtinge oortref. Dit is maklik om te gebruik, dit verseker deeglike krediet-evaluering en dit skep die geleentheid om veelvuldige sensitiwiteitsanalises tegelykertyd te doen. Die modeI is nou in sy finale weergawe en is bekend as " Version 1.0 " maar dit vereis nog heelwat skaafwerk. As 'n bank is ons nie geskik om sagteware te voorsien nie en daarom moet die verkoop van die intellektuele eiendomsreg na 'n tussenparty bespoedig word. Dit sal verhoed dat ons bank se betrokkenheid met agterdog deur plaaslike banke bejeën word. Wanneer dit bewerkstellig is en die finale implimenteringsfase is voltooi teen Maart 2001, kan ons beweeg na die opwindende taak om afgeleide modelle te ontwikkel wat sal voldoen aan wyer sektor-behoeftes.
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Frizell, Julie Dolan. "The Causes and Effects of Commercial Bank Participation in the Federal Home Loan Bank System." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29347.
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The 1990s saw significant increases in commercial bank membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) System and extensive growths in FHLB assets and outstanding advances. Since FHLB policies may enable risk-taking behavior by the System's member institutions, this research evaluates the impact of the FHLBs on community bank members, local consumers, and local markets.
Results suggest that commercial bank liquidity is enhanced by and managed with the use of System advances, and investments in loans and mortgage-related assets increase with FHLB participation, particularly by small bank members. Credit quality and bank financial conditions improve after participating in the FHLB program, and cost savings from borrowing System funds may contribute to higher rates paid on deposits in local markets. However, banks with greater exposure to interest rate risk are more likely to become FHLB members, and interest rate risk exposure further increases after membership attainment, as the amount of advances borrowed increases, and the longer members remain in the FHLB program. Long-term advances have not been used to lengthen liability duration to offset growth in long-term asset investments, which makes the FHLB System more highly susceptible to rising rates.Ph. D.
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Amini, Pay Noura. "Patient handling activities by informal caregivers: Informal caregiver’s biomechanical loads during patient repositioning." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563462946325851.
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Gormbley, Edward Z. "The hope and lifetime learning credits: the political sociology of federal financial aid for undergraduate education." Thesis, Boston University, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32868.
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Thesis (B.A.)--Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-01
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Anuebunwa, Ugonna R. "Behavioural Demand Response for Future Smart Homes: Investigation of Demand Response Strategies for Future Smart Homes that Account for Consumer Comfort, Behaviour and Cybersecurity." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17359.
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Smart metering and precise measurement of energy consumption levels have brought more detailed information and interest on the actual load profile of a house which continues to improve consumer-retailer relationships. Participation in demand response (DR) programs is one of these relationships but studies have shown that there are considerable impacts resulting to some level of discomfort on consumers as they aim to follow a suggested load profile. This research therefore investigates the impact on consumers while participating in DR programs by evaluating various perspectives that includes:
Modelling the causes discomfort during participation in DR programs;
Evaluation of user participation capabilities in DR programs;
Identification of schedulable and non-schedulable loads and opportunities;
Application of load scheduling mechanism which caters for specific user concerns.
Investigation towards ensuring a secure and robust system design.
The key source of information that enhances this work is obtained from data on historical user behavior which can be stored within a smart controller installed in the home and optimised using genetic algorithm implemented on MATLAB. Results show that user participation in DR programs can be improved and effectively managed if the challenges facing home owners are adequately understood. This is the key contribution of this work whereby load schedules created are specifically tailored to meet the need of the users hence minimizing the impact of discomfort experienced due to participation in DR programs.
Finally as part of the test for robustness of the system design in order to prevent or minimize the impact of any event of a successful cyber-attack on the load or price profiles, this work includes means to managing any such attacks thereby mitigating the impact of such attacks on users who participate in demand response programs. Solutions to these attacks are also proffered with the aim of increasing robustness of the grid by being sufficiently proactive.
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Yeung, Yuk-chun Mimi, and 楊玉珍. "An analysis of the assisted home purchase scheme." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964187.
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Bau, Siu-man Sylvia, and 鮑小曼. "Sandwich class housing scheme & loan schemes: a solution to ease Hong Kong's housing problem?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968375.
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Deacle, Robert. "Three Essays on Financial Institutions and Real Estate." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/154269.
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EconomicsPh.D.
This dissertation examines several aspects of U.S. financial institutions’ real estate-related activity. The first two essays examine the impact of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) membership and funding on bank and thrift holding company (BHC and THC) risk and returns. The first essay uses risk measures derived from BHC and THC stock prices, while the second essay uses risk measures based upon BHC and THC bond prices. The third essay studies the impact of BHC investment in real estate on risk and returns using measures based on stock prices. In the first essay, BHC and THC stock portfolios are formed along several dimensions. Bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models are estimated to produce measures of total risk, market risk, and interest rate risk for the time period from the beginning of 2001 through 2009. Two sets of results related to FHLB activity are obtained. First, FHLB membership is found to be associated with lower total risk and market risk while having no association with interest rate risk. Second, and similarly, greater reliance on FHLB advances is associated with lower total risk and market risk but is not associated with interest rate risk. These results are consistent with the view that the risks created by government backing of the FHLB system and some of the system’s policies are mitigated by FHLB policies and products that reduce risk. In addition, THC stocks are found to have lower total and market risk than the portfolio of BHC stocks. The second essay investigates the relationship of both FHLB membership and funding with BHC and THC risk by using the cost of uninsured debt as a measure of risk. These relationships are analyzed in a simultaneous equation regression framework using data from the start of the third quarter of 2002 through the end of the first quarter of 2009. The cost of uninsured debt is proxied by yield spreads calculated from trading data on holding company (HC) bonds. Several interesting results are obtained. Reliance on advances is found to have a negative effect on the cost of debt throughout the sample period (the third quarter of 2002 through the first quarter of 2009). Cost of debt has a significant effect on the level of advances only during the recent financial crisis (the third quarter of 2007 through the first quarter of 2009), when the effect is negative. The negative association between cost of debt and the level of advances suggests that BHCs and THCs, on the whole, do not use FHLB advances to make unusually risky loans and supports the argument that FHLB policies and services have some risk-reducing effects. FHLB membership, independent of advances, is found to have no influence on HC cost of debt. Additional analysis indicates that THC status is associated with higher cost of debt than BHC status. The third essay examines the influence of real estate investment by BHCs from the third quarter of 1990 through the fourth quarter of 2010 on their risks and returns. Portfolios are formed of BHC stocks according to BHCs’ ratio of real estate investment to total assets and according to the type of regulation - lenient or strict - under which they invest in real estate. Tests of differences in median portfolio returns between these portfolios are performed. In addition, the effects of real estate investment on risk and return are estimated using univariate GARCH models of portfolio returns. The main results are as follows: 1) BHCs that invest in real estate have greater total risk and lower risk-adjusted returns than those that do not; 2) greater real estate investment is associated with lower returns and greater market risk for some types of BHCs while it is not associated with significant differences in total risk or risk-adjusted returns; and 3) BHCs that invest in real estate under relatively lenient rules have lower returns, greater total risk, and lower risk-adjusted returns than those that invest in real estate under relatively strict rules. The results indicate that benefits from real estate investment by banks - such as diversification of cash flows, economies of scale and scope, and increased charter value - are outweighed by greater variability of returns and lower returns due to BHCs’ lack of expertise in the field. The findings also provide evidence that rules granting banks greater freedom to invest in real estate result in increased risk but not increased returns.
Temple University--Theses
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Rahman, Md Moshiur. "Design and Implementation of a Web-based Home Energy Management System for Demand Response Applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23689.
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The objective of this work is to design and implement an architectural framework for a web-based demand management system that allows an electric utility to reduce system peak load by automatically managing end-use appliances based on homeowners\' preferences. The proposed framework comprises the following components: human user interface, home energy management (HEM) algorithms, web services for demand response communications, selected ZigBee and smart energy profile features for appliance interface, and security aspects for a web-based HEM system. The proposed web-based HEM system allows homeowners to be more aware about their electricity consumption by allowing visualization of their real-time and historical electricity consumption data. The HEM system enables customers to monitor and control their household appliances from anywhere with an Internet connection. It offers a user-friendly and attractive display panel for a homeowner to easily set his/her preferences and comfort settings.
An algorithm to autonomously control appliance operation is incorporated in the proposed web-based HEM system, which makes it possible for residential customers to participate in demand response programs. In this work, the algorithm is demonstrated to manage power-intensive appliances in a single home, keeping the total household load within a certain limit while satisfying preset comfort settings and user preferences. Furthermore, an extended version of the algorithm is demonstrated to manage power-intensive appliances for multiple homes within a neighborhood.
As one of the demand response (DR)-enabling technologies, the web services-based DR communication has been developed to enable households without smart meters or advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) to participate in a DR event via the HEM system. This implies that an electric utility can send a DR signal via a web services-enabled HEM system, and appropriate appliances can be controlled within each home based on homeowner preferences. The interoperability with other systems, such as utility systems, third-party Home Area Network (HAN) systems, etc., is also taken into account in the design of the proposed web services-based HEM system. That is, it is designed to allow interaction with authorized third-party systems by means of web services, which are collectively an interface for machine-to-machine interaction.
This work also designs and implements device organization and interface for end-use appliances utilizing ZigBee Device Profile and Smart Energy Profile. Development of the Home Area Network (HAN) of appliances and the HAN Coordinator has been performed using a ZigBee network. Analyses of security risks for a web-based HEM system and their mitigation strategies have been discussed as well.
Master of Science
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Chattopadhyay, Jacqueline. "Representation and Household Risk Exposure: Attention to Access and Quality in Domestic Policy." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10196.
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This project defines a concept, “attention to quality,” and proposes that legislative attention to quality is a dependent variable that political science can use to evaluate the content of representation the political system offers, specifically to trace a means by which politics may influence household exposure to financial risk and possibly income inequality. Upstream of regulation or other formal policy solutions, attention to quality is observable consideration of the possibility that a good poses risk, or fails to shield consumers from risk, due to features of its own design. The project studies congressional attention to quality for three privately-vended, middle-class goods with the capacity to impact household risk exposure: health insurance, home loans, and prescription drugs. It also examines attention to quality in risk-modulating pieces of the welfare-state, taking Medicare as an example. The project explicitly contrasts attention to quality with attention to access for each good. Second, based on original datasets, this project reports robust evidence that legislative attention to access exceeds legislative attention to quality for the privately vended goods, particularly insurance and loans. It finds the reverse true of welfare-state goods. In doing so, the project contributes new quantitative evidence to the emergent body of research in American politics on how political processes, as opposed to strictly the macro-economy, may influence household financial insecurity. Third, the project makes progress in uncovering the underpinnings of quality attention. It finds senator attention to quality linked to partisan considerations—particularly the other political party’s degree of dominance in quality talk—in ways that appear to depress quality attention for privately-vended goods but buoy it for welfare-state goods. Quality’s visibility to the public appears to heighten the degree to which legislators consider the other party’s degree of dominance in quality talk when deciding whether to give quality attention. These patterns occur against a backdrop of what appears to be electorally-minded access attention: incumbents attend to the access facet of privately-vended goods as reelection dates approach, while not exhibiting such behavior around the quality facet. These findings have implications for research on congressional agenda setting and representation.
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Ren, Qingyun. "Quantitative Risk Assessment for Residential Mortgages." Digital WPI, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/628.
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The crisis of the mortgage market and the mortgage-backed security (MBS) market in 2008 had dramatic negative effects in dragging down all of the economy on a worldwide scale. Many researches have, therefore, attempted to explore the influencing factors on mortgage default risk. This project, in cooperation with the company EnerScore, revolves around discovering a correlation between portfolios of mortgages to underlying energy expenditures. EnerScore€™s core product provides an internal dataset related to home energy efficiency for American homes and gives their corresponding home energy efficiency rating to every home, which is called an €œEnerScore.€� This project involves discovering a correlation between default within portfolios of mortgages based on underlying energy expenditures. The goal is to show that energy efficient homes potentially have lower default risks than standard homes because the homes which lack energy efficiency are associated with higher energy costs. This leaves less money to make the mortgage payment, and thereby increases default risk. The first phase of this project involves finding a foreclosure dataset that will be used to design the quantitative model. Due to limited availability and constraints related to default data, Google search query data is used to develop a broad based and real-time index of mortgage default risk and establish a meaningful scientific correlation. After analyzing several statistical models to explore this correlation, the regression tree model showed that the EnerScore is a strong predictor for mortgage default risk when using city-level mortgage default risk data and EnerScore data.
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Yusupov, Timor. "The effect of occupant comfort preferences and use patterns on the space heating loads in the context of the next home unit." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43916.
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The occupant plays an important role in residential energy consumption, and likewise, a critical part in energy conservation. Studies have shown that energy consumption in similar houses can vary significantly due to the occupant’s behaviour and household characteristics. Nevertheless, very few studies have focused on identifying the occupant driven parameters responsible for energy variations or on quantifying their impact.
This study analyzes the impact of the occupant’s preferences of temperature settings, the number of thermostats used, the door operations, the use of window curtains, and the fenestration’s effect on the heating loads of a residential unit. This analysis quantifies the impact of each occupant related parameter as a function of various factors, including occupancy patterns, interior layouts, orientation, and volumetric occupation.
The research answers the following questions: How significant is the influence of occupant behaviour on space heating loads? How does this vary with changes in occupancy patterns and spatial configurations? How significant is the influence of changes in fenestration on space heating loads relative to occupant behaviour?
Seventeen design scenarios are generated, through which the impact of the occupant behaviour and her/his design preferences is evaluated. The results, which are generated using IES VE software, identify the impact of each occupant related parameter on the heating loads using the Next Home Unit as a model house, located in a Toronto climate.
In general, the results show that the occupancy patterns, interior layout, and volumetric occupation can significantly change the impact of each occupant related parameter on a unit’s heating loads. On average, reducing a unit’s
temperature from 23℃ to 18℃ or installing low e double glazed windows, most significantly reduces the heating loads. The lowest impact on the heating loads is found when changing the fenestration area and leaving the doors open.
The study shows that an occupant’s actions -- such as keeping doors close, heating the room only when occupied, reducing the unit’s temperature, and installing low e glazing -- can reduce the energy required for heating. However, as the research shows, the effect of the above actions can significantly vary due to occupancy patterns, interior layout, and volumetric occupation.
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Milani, Martinho Camargo. "Percival Farquhar, um homem quase sem nenhum caráter entre oligarcas e nacionalistas de muita saúde (1898-1952)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-14062017-082204/.
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A presente tese procurou retratar o período da República Velha entre 1898 e 1931. Entender o papel da dependência econômica do Brasil para com um produto: o café; e os constantes endividamentos realizados pela nação para cobrir os constantes rombos orçamentários. Deu-se atenção especial aos empréstimos tomados com instituições estrangeiras, em especial europeias, os denominados funding loans ( 1898, 1914, 1931). Tais condições econômico-financeiras foram combatidas com as políticas recessivas da corrente Metalista. Saneado o país, novos períodos Papelistas se instalavam na economia, metaforicamente como o mito de Sísifo. Nesses ciclos intermináveis, o Brasil passava por profundas transformações socioeconômicas decorrentes da adoção do regime republicano, da abolição da escravidão e da industrialização e urbanização crescentes. Foi nesse contexto que um empresário norte-americano, Percival Farquhar tornou-se um dos maiores empresários da história do Brasil. Construiu um imenso império industrial em atividades como ferrovias, portos, serrarias, frigoríficos e hotéis ( entre outras). Não sem sofrer profunda oposição de nacionalistas e agraristas. Procurou-se por último, demonstrar por meio dos relatórios do ministério da Fazenda entre 1898 e 1915 que, ao contrário do pretendido, foram as políticas Metalistas uma das grandes responsáveis pela industrialização do Brasil. Contra a própria vontade de seus ideólogos. Num Brasil em convulsão e transformação completa as classes dominantes se acomodam em velhos estofados, trocando apenas o couro embrutecido pelo tempo.The present thesis sought to portray the period of the Old Republic between 1898 and 1931. Understand the role of Brazil\'s economic dependence on a product: coffee; And the constant indebtedness carried out by the nation to cover the constant budgetary rhythms. Special attention was given to borrowing from foreign institutions, especially European institutions, the so-called funding loans (1898, 1914, 1931). Such economic-financial conditions were countered with the recessive policies of the Metalist chain. Once the country was rediscovered, new periods of time were established in the economy, metaphorically as the myth of Sisyphus. In these interminable cycles, Brazil underwent profound socioeconomic transformations resulting from the adoption of the republican regime, the abolition of slavery and increasing industrialization and urbanization. It was in this context that an American businessman, Percival Farquhar became one of the greatest entrepreneurs in Brazilian history. He built an immense industrial empire in activities such as railroads, ports, sawmills, refrigerators and hotels (among others). Not without deep opposition from nationalists and agrarians. Finally, it was tried to demonstrate through the reports of the Ministry of Finance between 1898 and 1915 that, contrary to what was intended, Metalist policies were one of the great responsible for the industrialization of Brazil. Against the will of its ideologues. In Brazil in convulsion and complete transformation the ruling classes settle in old upholstery, exchanging only the weathered leather.
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Setterqvist, Viktor, and Jacob Bergman. "The Implementation of Reverse Mortgage in Sweden : A Financial Institution Perspective." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-85355.
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The purpose of this research is to understand and describe the causes affecting the financial institutions’ implementation of reverse mortgage in Sweden as well as the consequences of a large scale implementation, shedding some new light upon the issue of reverse mortgages. This was done from a financial institution point of view. As existent literature in this field of research is currently small in extent, especially in a Swedish context where almost no academic literature has been written, it serves as an exploratory research. From a researcher’s point of view it could hopefully give interesting insights on how new financial products are implemented in general, shedding some light on possible difficulties that may arise during these processes. The research was designed using a qualitative research method. In order to investigate the issues presented several individuals were interviewed from different financial institutions offering various kinds of reverse mortgages in Sweden. Interviews were semi-structured and only the six financial institutions that offer reverse mortgage in Sweden were included. The findings made, as well as the interview questions, were divided into several different sections adopted from the theoretical framework so as make the research more comprehensible and stringent. Because the research design is of exploratory nature it evolved over time, as the authors did not know initially what they would find. The findings provided many interesting insights that were not thought of before. Three major themes were found that could help explain the causes affecting the financial institutions’ implementation of reverse mortgage in Sweden as well as the consequences of a large scale implementation. These themes were age, generation, mentality, macro economical factors, and financial institutions offering reverse mortgage.
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Šimek, Pavel. "Návrh systému financování výstavby rodinného domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222468.
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The diploma thesis analyzes available methods of financing of a new housing construction with the focus on the possibilities of concurrent investment. The above analysis is demonstrated in a model case study. Practical part contents selection of the products to be analyzed from each evaluated field: suitable mortgage loan, finance market investment, the investment to the alternate heating equipment of the home and photovoltaic power plant. Than demonstrate the possibilities of decreasing the price of the loan with the assistance of concurrent investment into the financial markets or the alternative investment. The risk of investing has been taken into consideration as well. At the end are demonstrated comparative analysis and evaluation of all financing possibilities resulting in suggesting the most suitable method of home loan financing.
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Alayan, Sophia. "Design of a PV-Diesel Hybrid System with Unreliable Grid Connection in Lebanon." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-24465.
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This thesis is a study on integration of photovoltaic generators into an existing diesel-unreliable grid connected system at the Lebanese village of Khiam. The main goal of implementing PV-diesel hybrid system is to reduce diesel consumption and the import of fossil fuel used in electricity power supply. Before designing the system, it is necessary to create a load profile for 120 households and pre-design the size of the PV generator, the capacity of storage system and inverter type/size selection. The load profile data is based on the average of monthly energy consumption gathered from Khiam village households. Detailed simulations and financial analysis are performed with HOMER to compare different systems and their viability. The simulations include four different designs starting from the existing system, diesel generator with unreliable grid, followed by PV generator and unreliable grid, PV and diesel generator and ended with the complete hybrid system. Once the Hybrid system is determined a detailed design is done to optimize the lowest cost PV-diesel hybrid system. The final simulated PV-diesel hybrid system is suggested with a PV capacity of 270 kWp, existing diesel capacity with 200 kVA, an inverter output of 115 kW and battery bank nominal capacity is 1872 kWh. The system renewable fraction is 53% and the project life cycle is 25 years. The PV-diesel hybrid system is projected to produce electricity at a cost of 0.12 USD/kWh. This cost is significantly lower than the 0.26 USD/kWh paid to the diesel operator, as well as lower than 0.13 USD/kWh paid to the utility grid. In addition, and according to the given information from the owner, an estimated diesel consumption of 104000 ltr/year, the simulation result shows diesel consumption at 40000 ltr/year. The reduced carbon dioxide production by 65%, from 776 to 272 tons per year, provides further justification for the PV installation in a commercial PV-diesel hybrid system.
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Almeida, Alexandre Otomo de. "Financiamento ao consumo: efeito de parcelamento e juros sobre a demanda de eletroeletrônicos de consumidores com restrição de acesso a crédito." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18030.
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This paper consists of a study over the impact of interest rates and maturities of loans for electronics and home appliances in Brazil, designed for consumers with credit constraints. Using micro data on loans of one of the largest retailers in the Brazilian market, some econometric models were built using conditional and nested logit approach, in order to estimate elasticities of loan demand with respect to the interest rate, the maturity of the loan and the terms value. Moreover, marginal substitution rates were also estimated between those attributes to evaluate consumer’s propensity to choose different combinations of loan conditions. Given the number of different product categories sold by this retailer, two of the most important were selected. The results suggest that the interest rate, the payment terms and the loan maturity are important factors on consumer decision. Loan demand is leveraged by loan’s smaller interest rates and payment terms. However, there is a material marginal substitution rate between payment terms and loan maturity or interest rate. This means that consumers are highly prone to change from loans with higher payment terms to others with lower ones, even if they face higher interest rates and longer terms to maturity. Results also suggest that consumers are not really aware of the real value paid for these products.
O trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo do impacto da taxa de juros e dos prazos de financiamento sobre a demanda de eletroeletrônicos no Brasil para os públicos com restrição de acesso a crédito. Utilizando dados de vendas por meio de crédito direto ao consumidor (CDC) de um grande varejista brasileiro, foram construídos modelos logit condicional e aninhado para dimensionamento das elasticidades da demanda às taxas de juros, aos prazos de parcelamento e ao valor das parcelas. Além disso, foram dimensionadas as subsequentes taxas marginais de substituição entre os atributos dos planos de financiamento oferecidos aos clientes, para avaliar a propensão à troca de condições de planos de financiamento pelos consumidores. Dada a extensão das categorias de produtos existentes no varejista em questão, foram selecionadas duas categorias de alta representatividade no resultado de vendas. Para as duas categorias selecionadas, foi constatado que a taxa de juros é fator importante na decisão de compra, bem como o número e valor das parcelas. A demanda se mostrou positivamente impactada por taxas de juros menores, bem como por valores de parcela menores. No entanto, os consumidores se mostraram altamente dispostos à substituição de planos com prazos de financiamento e taxas de juros menores por planos com valores menores das parcelas. Por fim, foi constatado que os consumidores têm baixa consciência do valor real pago pelos produtos comprados.
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Bing, Lee Chun, and 李俊彬. "A Study of Home Loans in Mainland China." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22377606404956125793.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
大陸研究所
90
Title of Thesis： Total pages：135 A Study of Home Loans in Mainland China Key Word：Mainland China, Home Loans, Housing Reform, Financial Crisis Name of Institute：Graduate Institute of China Studies， Economic-Trade Division，Tamkang University Graduate date：June 2002 Degree conferred：MBA Name of student：Lee Chun Bing Advisor：Dr. Lee Chi-Cheung 李 俊 彬 李 志 強 博士 Abstract： In 1998, the Chinese government declared to implement to commercialize the housing market, which defines the direction of housing reforms. The main focus is to process housing commercialization, capitalization and market expansion through stopping the welfare of housing distributions. The Chinese home loans have increased since 1999 due to the cease of housing distribution system and the policy of increasing rents of public houses. Thus, this essay uses the Chinese home loans as the main research to further discuss each level of home loans. There are four purposes as following： 1) Discuss the history and the current condition of the Chinese home loans. 2) Analyze elements of home loans development. 3) Research risks and preventions of home loans. 4) Influences of home loans to Mainland China. Conclusion 1) The total amount of individual home loans was from 190 billion RMB dollars in 1997 to 5598 billion RMB dollars in 2001 increasing remarkably. Individuals have replaced the nation and units to become the subject participating the trading, consumption and production of the housing market. 2) From 1997 to 2000,the major amount of selling on housing came from the population of townships and their individual savings. The securitization of housing mortgage-backed can prevent risks effectively when commercial banks apply home loans. 3) With new mortgage products coming out in the market, like home loans, commercial banks can adjust their asset structures and improve their asset quality; therefore, the portion of less efficient banks would be reduced, which may lower the possibility of financial crisis in China.
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"A study of the home mortgage market in Hong Kong." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886023.
Full text
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Thang, Doreen Chze-Lin. "Household wealth accumulation: impact of tenure choice and home equity loans." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6212.
Full textAbstract:
The existing literature on household wealth accumulation has hitherto recognized the lifecycle
effects, household socio-economic characteristics, bequest motives, and intergenerational
transfers as important factors affecting household net wealth. The two empirical essays in this
thesis expand the literature by emphasizing the likely roles that a household's tenure choice and
home equity borrowing decisions have in its wealth accumulation process.
The first essay, entitled "Homeownership and Household Wealth Accumulation", tests
whether homeownership has placed the owner household on a more favorable wealth
accumulation path, based on past observations that the values of owner-occupied housing have
grown at a real rate greater than those of financial or other tangible assets. The premise is that,
while the tenure choice decision is affected by a household's net wealth, the housing tenure
chosen could place a household on different wealth accumulation paths over its life-cycle.
Controlling for selection bias arising from tenure status, the results indicate that typical
homeowners and renters have distinct wealth accumulation processes. While homeownership
improves the wealth position of homeowners, the renter households are, however, better off in
their existing tenure than otherwise. It appears that households self-select themselves into the
appropriate tenure that optimizes their wealth accumulation paths.
The second essay on "Household Consumption/Investment Behavior and Home Equity
Loans" investigates which behavioral model underpins the homeowners' consumption and
investment decisions of home equity loan funds, and how these decisions impact portfolio
decisions and wealth accumulation. It concludes that the 'life-cycle model' and the 'precautionary
savings model' prevail over the 'bequest motive model' in motivating the household
consumption/investment decisions of home equity loans. Home equity loans alter the illiquid
nature of housing investment through convenient tapping of housing equity, and reduce
household preference to hold liquid assets to meet precautionary needs. Their presence
encourages loan users to hold smaller shares of liquid cash and financial assets in total assets,
and to diversify from housing asset to business, real estate and illiquid nonhousing assets. They
generally reduce homeowners' net wealth, reflecting a tendency for borrowed funds to be
consumed or invested in loss-incurring assets.
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"Demand for home mortgage loans in Hong Kong: an empirical study." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895364.
Full textAbstract:
by Ng Pui-wah, Gary.Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991.
Bibliography: leaf 76.
ABSTRACT --- p.i
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter ´Ø --- Objectives
Chapter ´Ø --- Application of Demand Forecast
Chapter ´Ø --- Organisation of Paper
Chapter II. --- THE RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY MARKET --- p.4
Chapter ´Ø --- An Overview of the Hong Kong Property Market
Chapter ´Ø --- The Small-to-medium Sized Residential Property Market
Chapter III. --- THE HOME MORTGAGE MARKET IN HONG KONG --- p.15
Chapter ´Ø --- Definitions
Chapter ´Ø --- Typical types of Mortgage Payments
Chapter ´Ø --- Source of Fund
Chapter ´Ø --- Market Structure 一 A Commercial Bank Perspective
Chapter IV. --- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK --- p.26
Chapter ´Ø --- Consumer Demand Theory
Chapter ´Ø --- Economic Model
Chapter ´Ø --- The Dependant Variable
Chapter ´Ø --- The Independent Variables
Chapter V. --- DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS --- p.37
Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.65
Chapter ´Ø --- Income and Substitution Effect
Chapter ´Ø --- Elasticity of Demand
Chapter ´Ø --- Commercial Bank Prospect
Chapter ´Ø --- Other Application
Chapter ´Ø --- Limitations
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.76
APPENDICES --- p.78
Chapter 1. --- List of Professionals Interviewed
Chapter 2. --- Data on Independant Variables
Chapter 3. --- Regression Results Using December Data
Chapter 4. --- Regression Results Using June Data
Chapter 5. --- Regression Results Using both December & June Data
Chapter 6. --- Regression Results Using Nominal Interest Rate
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Powell, Robert John. "Development of a model for the measurement of home loan risk." Diss., 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15809.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objective of the study was to develop a model which allowed banks to
measure home loan risk and determine prices accordingly.
A survey among banks revealed:
1. belief that the home loan market is more risky than 5 years ago
2. belief that lending in the "black" market is riskier than lending in the
"white" market
3. no model is used which allows risk-measurement for the purpose of home
loan pricing
4. mixed feeling as to the value of the proposed model - value, to a large
extent, would depend on flexibility.
A practical, flexible model has been developed which allows:
1. risk classification of loans in terms of geographical areas, product/client
characteristics, and loan performance
2. risk measurement in terms of potential losses relating to each loan
category
3. determination of appropriate pricing levels for each risk category.Department of Economics
M. Com. (Accounting )
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I, HSIAO, and 蕭義忠. "How to investigate the home equity loans and second lien loans with the effects of the geographical for commercial banks." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80109018498589211429.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
財務金融研究所
96
Banks play the role of credit intermediary in overall economic activities, and have become the pioneer in consumer finance. Banks usually rely on individuals and households to provide deposits as sources of funding; meanwhile, individuals and households also finance from banks when they need loans. According to the latest institutional reports showed that consumer finance has been one of the highest profitable items in credit business. However, consumer finance is called “the item” of highest indirect cost and the biggest risk due to it’s lent to individuals whose financial situations are vulnerable to disease, unemployment and so on. Therefore, banks need to pay more attention to consumers’ financial credit qualities, and strengthen the management of assets and liabilities in order to obtain reasonable profits under taking moderate risks. Real estates’ prices change for several times in economic cycle in Taiwan, and they make the price of real estates rising and even soaring. Therefore, the prices directly impact on the borrower’s burden of housing loans. Finally the borrowers need to rely on the housing loans from banks. According to the latest statistics of Taiwan central bank show that there are as much as 4.6 trillion NTD of housing loans accounted for 69.48 percent of consumer loans; as much as 849.9 billion NTD of housing repair loans accounted for 12.71 percent of consumer loans, and the above are accounted for 82.19 percent of consumer loans at the end of March, 2008. It’s obviously that housing loans is major profit source in consumer finance. To satisfy the highly competition of housing loans business and the needs of house purchaser, banks have to take business strategy of higher credit limits and lower borrowers’ qualities to create high market shares and make more profits. Therefore, there are “Second Lien Loans” and “Home Equity Loans” in the market, they are different from traditional mortgages with credit, and provide more flexibility and liquidity of loans. However, the domestic economy remains in recession in recent years, leading to the overdue loans of banks surged and the risks of housing loans continuing increased. In this study, ''branches'' are investigated to their “Home Equity Loans” and “Second Lien Loans” with using ANOVA and regression analysis. Empirical results show that: overdue loan ratios have significant relationship to do with self-related variances such as "the loans balance of second lien loans/ loans", "the loans balance of home equity loans/ loans", "saving-loan ratios", "deposit-saving ratios", and "regional branches location".