Relevant bibliographies by topics / Home solid residues

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Home solid residues'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Home solid residues"

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De Oliveira, Layze Braz, Artur Acelino Francisco Luz Nunes Queiroz, Matheus Costa Brandão Matos, João Gabriel Noleto Ferreira de Matos, Carolinne Maranhão Melo Marinho, and Andréia Rodrigues Moura da Costa Valle. "DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED MATERIALS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: NURSING ASSISTANCE GRANTS." Revista Prevenção de Infecção e Saúde 3, no. 1 (September 5, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/repis.v3i0.6076.

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Objective: to analyze how nurses who provide home care discard contaminated materials in primary health care. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out, with 42 nursing professionals working in 21 Basic Health Units of a capital city in the Northeast of Brazil. The statements were processed in the IRaMuTeQ and analyzed by the Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results: Three classes were obtained: Domiciliary Solid Residues produced during the domiciliary visit, How the dynamics of the attendance influence in the production of residues?, Responsibility for the production and Management of Solid Residual Domiciliary. Conclusion: There is a correct conception about the solid waste formation in the health services and consequent adequate disposal of the same, however there is a gap between the knowledge and the implementation of this action in the daily practice of these professionals.
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Nardini Artigas De Oliveira, Gissele, Aline Belem Machado, Kalinkaluei Aparecida Rigo, Micaela Da Silva Constante, Vanusca Dalosto Jahno, Daniela Montanari Migliavacca Osorio, and Daiane Bolzan Berlese. "RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS DE SAÚDE GERADOS POR USUÁRIOS DE INSULINA EM DOMICÍLIO: UMA ANÁLISE DA SEGREGAÇÃO, ACONDICIONAMENTO E DESTINAÇÃO FINAL." Revista Eletrônica de Gestão e Tecnologias Ambientais 9, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/gesta.v9i1.38925.

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<p>Uma dificuldade vivenciada pelos centros urbanos é o gerenciamento adequado dos resíduos sólidos gerados. Os resíduos cujos impactos têm maior alcance requerem atenção especial. Existem resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS) gerados no ambiente domiciliar por pessoas acometidas de alguns tipos de enfermidades. Um destes casos são os portadores de diabetes melito. Para controlar a doença, os pacientes usam insulina injetável em seus domicílios; e os resíduos produzidos pela insulinoterapia são um grande problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como os usuários de insulina manejam os RSS em seus domicílios no que se refere a sua segregação, seu acondicionamento e sua disposição final. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa. Uma amostra de 42 pacientes selecionados a partir de critérios predeterminados respondeu a um questionário elaborado com base em um estudo acadêmico anterior. A análise dos resultados mostra que 28,5% separam os resíduos em domicílio, enquanto 36% os descartam em lixeira comum, e que a maioria não sabe para onde encaminhar os resíduos e apenas 26% receberam algum tipo de orientação sobre esse manejo. Este estudo conclui que há necessidade de implantação de programas educativos eficientes que possam oferecer orientações corretas aos pacientes insulinodependentes e que tenham o olhar voltado para questões ambientais.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave<em>:</em></strong> Descarte; Insulinoterapia; Resíduos dos Serviços de Saúde; Resíduos Sólidos</p><p> </p><p>SOLID HEALTH WASTE GENERATED BY HOUSEHOLD INSULIN USERS: AN ANALYSIS OF SEGREGATION, PACKAGING AND FINAL DESTINATION</p><h2>Abstract</h2><p>One difficulty experienced by the urban centers is the generation of solid waste and its adequate management. Impact wastes with greater reach require special attention. There are waste from health services (HSW) generated in domestic manner by people that have a disease called Diabetes Mellitus. For the control, injectable insulin is used in their homes, and the production of these residues in their residences is a major public health problem. The aim of the study was to analyze how the handling of HSW is carried out, at the household level of insulin users, with regard for segregation, packaging and final disposal. The research was carried out through data collection with a directed questionnaire. 42 patients responded. It was observed that 28.5% separate the residues at home, while 36% discard the residues in a common trash, most do not know where to send the residues and only 26% received some type of guidance on this management. The need to implement efficient educational programs to address this context was identified.</p><strong>Keywords</strong><em>:</em> Disposal; Insulin Therapy; Health Service Waste; Solid Waste
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LePage, Jane T., Vincent R. Hebert, Elizabeth M. Tomaszewska, Joan E. Rothlein, and Linda McCauley. "Determination of Acephate in Human Urine." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 6 (September 1, 2005): 1788–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.6.1788.

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Abstract Acephate is a commonly used organophosphate insecticide applied on agricultural crops and in residential communities. Because very little acephate is metabolized prior to excretion, the parent pesticide compound can be measured in human urine. The residue method must be sensitive enough to determine human exposure and potential health risk for both agricultural workers and their families who may be exposed by pesticide drift or by inadvertent carry-home residues. A reliable and sensitive method was developed to measure acephate concentrations in human urine. Urine was diluted with water and acetone, adjusted to a neutral pH, and partitioned twice in acetone–methylene chloride (1 + 1, v/v), with NaCl added to aid separation. The solvent-reduced organic phase extracts were clarified by activated charcoal solid-phase extraction and then adjusted to a final volume with the addition of a D-xylose analyte protectant solution to reduce matrix enhancement effects. Acephate concentrations in urine were determined by gas chromatography using pulsed flame photometric detection. The method limit of detection was established at 2 μg/L, with a method limit of quantitation of 10 μg/L. The average recovery from urine fortified with 10–500 μg/L was 102 ± 12% (n = 32).
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Kontogiorgis, Christos, Georgia Eirini Deligiannidou, Vasiliki Karamani, Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina, Diamanto Lazari, and Athanasios Papadopoulos. "Antioxidant Profile of Home Prepared Taraxacum Officinale Weber Ex Wigg Beverage." Current Nutraceuticals 1, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2665978601666200212110603.

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Background: Aromatic plants are quite popular for daily use worldwide. However, little is known about the appropriate preparation of beverages in “house conditions” in order to preserve their beneficial characteristics after processing. Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wigg contains a variety of compounds, with well-documented effects against oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the optimum preparation conditions of a Taraxacum beverage in the household setting, with respect to its antioxidant characteristics. Methods: Dried, commercial T. officinale was used to prepare beverages boiling for 1, 3 or 5 min. The beverages were extracted using organic solvents of increasing polarity, and the solid residues of each extraction were examined by in vitro analysis on: the evaluation of total phenolic content (Folin Ciocalteau), the evaluation of antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging), the evaluation of the ability of the tested extracts to compete with DMSO for OH radicals, the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid and soybean lipoxygenase inhibition assay. Results: All preparations had an overall good antioxidant profile. Regarding the chosen solvents, mid polarity solvents were more likely to give better results in all tests conducted, which can be indicative of the compounds extracted in each fraction. Samples prepared under 3 min boiling presented significant interaction with DPPH and strong lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Conclusion: As previously observed in the literature, food processing can greatly affect its biochemical characteristics. In the case of Taraxacum, boiling for 3 min resulted in the best overall profile of the beverage with respect to its antioxidant properties. However, due to a variety of components present in each plant, further investigation and stratification, along with in vivo experiments are needed.
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Pesanha, Luiz Philipe Mota, Gudelia Morales, Josinaldo De Oliveira Dias, and Ana Carla De Souza Gomes Dos Santos. "MODELING OF THE GENERATION OF URBAN ELECTRONIC WASTE: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HOUSEHOLD FLOW IN THE CITY OF CAMPOS-RJ." South American Development Society Journal 5, no. 14 (August 31, 2019): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.24325/issn.2446-5763.v5i14p271-289.

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The management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) has become a major concern for urban communities due to the large volumes of waste generated. In this context, this work seeks to gather information for the implementation of a Reverse Logistics system that is comprehensive and regular for WEEE in Campos - RJ and can be intended as a prototype to be adapted to the reality of other cities in the country. These information correspond to obtaining an estimate of the potential of generating WEEE (such as, cell phones, computers and tablets), characterizing the home flow and its peculiarities. Therefore, an estimation model was proposed based on the indicator of devices present with the users. The data needed for this work were collected through the application of a questionnaire to a sample, random and representative of citizens. It was noticed that the results found would support the decisions to be taken in the design of an efficient management system for WEEE. It is also worth mentioning that this research was carried out under the current considerations of sustainability according to what determines the Brazilian legislation on Solid Waste. The results approximate the global estimates of the specific, researched electronic residues.
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Berríos, Manuel Rolando. "Consumerism and generation of solid residues." GEOUSP: Espaço e Tempo (Online), no. 6 (August 24, 2006): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2179-0892.geousp.1999.123360.

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Desde os tempos mais primitivos, o homem produz resíduos sob diferentes formas, oriundos da açáo de apropria­ ção da natureza para satisfazer suas necessidades. Com o avanço científico e técnico, os resíduos se diversificam e se tornam mais complexos na sua composição. O advento do capitalismo impõe novas necessidades, incentivando o consumo de objetos. Boa parte da humanidade entrou numa verdadeira febre consumista. Esse paper discute a criação de novas necessidades no modelo neoliberal, que empurra o consumidor a adquirir bens e serviços desnecessários, elaborados para ter curta duração ou descartáveis. Assim, o empresariado reproduz seus capitais, mas agride os sistemas ambientais com os objetos transformados em lixo. Sugere-se, aqui, a revisão dos padrões de consumo e o manejo dos resíduos de formas mais condizentes com os requerimentos ambientais
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Bankowski, Krysztof, Alexandra Misicka, Tomislav Barth, and Jiřina Slaninová. "New analogs of arginine-vasopressin containing β-homo-L-amino acid residues." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 10 (1989): 2795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19892795.

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Four new analogs of arginine vasopressin containing β-homo-L-amino acid residue were synthesized by the solid-phase method. The introduced modifications yielded the following peptides:[β-homo Phe3]AVP (I), [β-homoPro7]AVP (II), [Cpp1, Tyr(Me)2, β-homoPhe3]AVP (III), and[Cpp1,Tyr(Me)2, β-homoPro7]AVP (IV). Agonistic properties of I and II, as well as antagonistic properties of III and IV were decreased, more pronouncedly with analogs substituted in the position 3.
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Gervasoni, J. L., N. R. Arista, R. O. Barrachina, and A. Gras-Martí. "Surface and residual-hole effects in electron emission from solids." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 67, no. 1-4 (April 1992): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(92)95894-w.

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Hossain, Sayeed, Ed J. Kingston, Christopher E. Truman, and David John Smith. "Finite Element Validation of the over-Coring Deep-Hole Drilling Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 70 (August 2011): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.70.291.

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The main objective of the present study is to validate a simple over-coring deep-hole drilling (oDHD) residual stress measurement technique by utilising finite element simulations of the technique. A number of three dimensional (3D) finite element analyses (FEA) were carried out to explore the influence of material removal and the cutting sequence during the deep-hole drilling (DHD) residual stress measurement process on the initial residual stress field. Two models were considered in the study. First, the residual stress field predicted in a rapid spray water quenched solid cylinder was used as the initial stress field for the DHD FE model. The DHD reconstructed residual stresses were compared with the initial FE predicted stresses. Different cutting sequences and different dimensions were systematically simulated before arriving at an optimum solution for the oDHD technique. The oDHD technique significantly improved the spatial resolution and was applied in a second model consisting of a 40mm thick butt-welded pipe. The DHD reconstructed residual stresses compared very well with the initial FE predicted weld residual stress thereby validating the oDHD technique.
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Czajczyńska, Dina, Darem Ahmad, Renata KrzyŻyńska, Hussam Jouhara, and Piotr Rutkowski. "Products’ composition of food waste low-temperature slow pyrolysis." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400023.

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Food waste generation is one of the most crucial problems of our constantly developing world. There are several common methods of its treatment, however each one has its own advantages and disadvantages. Pyrolysis attracting attention in this field since a long time, because it allows to utilize this valuable resource with energy and material recovery. Moreover, the environmental impact of the process is relatively low. In this paper, products of low temperature household waste pyrolysis underwent a detailed chemical analysis. Liquid and solid residues was examined. Composition and concentration of particular compounds and elements indicates presence of long chain alkane, alkene and carboxylic acid molecules together with small amounts of aromatics within the bio-oil samples. The presence of heavy metals in residues was detected, too. Since the products are usually described as non-toxic, the idea of waste’ low-temperature thermal treating in household was analyzed. In general, examined residues from the process are safe for the environment, thus pyrolysis can be considered as a legitimate mechanism to treat kitchen waste combined with energy recovery for homes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Home solid residues"

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Ungaretti, Ângela Rossana. "Perspectiva socioambiental sobre a disposição de resíduos sólidos em arroios urbanos : um estudo na sub-bacia hidrográfica Mãe D'Água no município de Viamão - RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27841.

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As cidades brasileiras redefinidas pelo processo de industrialização são configuradas pela lógica dialética capitalista de ocupação das terras urbanas, ou seja, por um lado concentra trabalhadores no entorno das fábricas e outros locais de trabalho e ao mesmo tempo provoca sua segregação espacial em áreas que apresentam problemas de saneamento. A industrialização baseada em baixos salários determinou muitas características do ambiente construído, no qual a concentração de riquezas atrai, facilita e se apropria dos serviços urbanos, em detrimento da maioria empobrecida da população privada dos benefícios destes serviços. É o rápido processo de urbanização que fragiliza o Estado no seu papel de provedor da universalização do atendimento à população com água tratada, resíduos e esgotos coletados e destinados adequadamente. Assim, impossibilitado de atender a todos por igual, reproduz nos grandes centros a degradação ambiental dos mananciais hídricos e a exclusão da população menos favorecida. Este é o contexto no qual se constitui o palco desta pesquisa. É aqui, que situamos o problema a ser analisado e respondido, ao longo deste trabalho, centrado especificamente em uma sub-bacia pertencente à bacia hidrográfica do arroio Dilúvio, situada na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Esta abordagem enfatiza a necessidade de conhecer e compreender as relações entre as percepções e práticas da população face à precariedade da ação do Estado (administração pública municipal) relativa à gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos nas zonas de baixadas do arroio Mãe D’água, com atenção a dois aspectos principais: quais os fatores que contribuem para o descarte inadequado de resíduos sólidos nessas regiões; nos moradores se observam dificuldades de acesso às informações sobre as questões pertinentes a gestão de resíduos implantada pelo poder público, impossibilitando a população local de participar e tomar decisões conjuntas? Para a análise destas questões a estratégia de pesquisa empregada foi o estudo de caso, realizado na mencionada sub-bacia hidrográfica Mãe D’água, na qual foram coletados dados provenientes da aplicação de questionários (a uma amostra de 464 moradores dos domicílios da região), da observação direta da autora, análise de documentos e entrevistas com agentes públicos relacionados à questão dos resíduos sólidos do município. A partir da análise de quatro caracterizações (da área em estudo, socioespacial, ambiental e gestão) verificam-se resultados diferenciados no que diz respeito às condições de vida entre a população, residente em áreas de baixada ou ao longo do arroio Mãe D’água e os demais habitantes localizados mais afastados destas áreas. A população das áreas menos favorecidas mostra uma tendência negativa na sua qualidade de vida, como por exemplo: escolaridade, renda familiar, doenças na família, irregularidades na ocupação e uso do solo, bem como, no uso da água e na destinação do esgoto domiciliar. No que diz respeito à questão das informações disponibilizadas pelo poder público aos moradores, para que contribuam com alternativas para a solução dos problemas da gestão municipal de resíduos, não existe distinção territorial, ou seja, toda a população da região carece de informações que subsidiem sua participação e promova a gestão compartilhada de resíduos sólidos domiciliares. Assim, alternativas são criadas pela população no sentido de minimizar os problemas decorrentes dos resíduos descartados inadequadamente e/ou não coletados pelo serviço público municipal.
The Brazilian cities redefined by the process of industrialization are configured by the dialectics capitalistic logic of urban lands occupancy, which is, by one side it concentrates workers around the factories and other places of work and at the same time it causes the spatial segregation in areas which present with sanitation issues. The industrialization based on low incomes has determined many characteristics of the built ambient, in which the concentration of richness attracts, facilitates and appropriates from the urban services, even when the majority of the poor population does not seize from the benefits of these services. It is the quick process of urbanization that frails the State in its role to provide the global attending to the population with treated water, residues and sewer, collected and destined properly. Thus, being impossible to attend to everybody equally, it reproduces, in large centers, the environmental degradation of the hydric sources and the exclusion of the less favorable population. This is the context which constitutes the field of this research. It is here where we place the problem to be analyzed and answered, throughout this paper, focused specifically on a sub-basin belonging to the hydrographic basin of the Dilúvio streamlet, placed in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State. This approach emphasizes the necessity of knowing and understanding the relationships between the perception and practices of the population facing the State actions’ uncertainty (municipal public administration) related to the administration of urban solid residues in the Mãe D’água streamlet lowlands zones, with attention to two main aspects: what are the factors contributing to the inadequate discard of solid residues in these regions?; is it possible to observe difficulties, on the residents, to access information about the pertinent questions to the administration of residues implanted by the public power, making it difficult for the local population to participate and take decisions together? For the analysis of these questions, the strategy of research implanted was the case study, performed in the mentioned Mãe D’água hydrographic sub-basin, where data were collected from the application of questionnaires (to a sample of 464 residents of the region), the direct observation from the author, analysis of documents and interviews with public agents related to the question of solid residues in the municipal district. From the analysis of four characterizations (the area in study, socialspatial, environmental and administrative) different results are shown in what makes respect to life conditions among the population, living in lowlands areas or along the Mãe D’água streamlet and the other inhabitants located off these areas. The population of the less favorable areas shows a negative tendency in its quality of life, for example: level of study, family income, diseases in the family, irregularities in the occupancy and use of the soil, as well as in the use of water and the destination of the home sewer. In what makes respect to the matter of available information by the public power to the residents, in order to contribute with alternatives for the solution of problems with the administration of municipal district residues, there is no territorial distinction, which is, all the population from the region needs information which may promote their participation and shared administration of home solid residues. Therefore, alternatives are created by the population, aiming at minimizing the problems from the residues which are discarded inadequately and/or are not collected by the municipal district public service.
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Book chapters on the topic "Home solid residues"

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Asch, Chris Myers, and George Derek Musgrove. "Of Slaving Blacks and Democratic Whites." In Chocolate City. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635866.003.0003.

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This chapter describes the founding of Washington, D.C., as the capital of the United States. The area that became Washington was a fully functioning slave society, and the city that grew atop those fields incorporated slavery into every aspect of life. From its inception Washington embodied the contradiction endemic to America itself, the paradoxical juxtaposition of freedom and slavery that bedeviled the nation and ultimately led to the Civil War. Enslaved people worked on public construction projects, they were bought and sold within sight of the Capitol, they drove the hacks that crisscrossed the city, and they waited on the men who ran the nation. Early Washington was a Southern city that was immersed in slavery and benefited immensely from it. Another contradiction embedded into the fabric of the city was that its citizens lacked democracy’s basic unit of currency: the right to vote. The city became a political colony, a district whose fate rested not with the local people who called it home but with the national political leaders who resided there temporarily.
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Zalasiewicz, Jan. "Breaking the surface." In The Planet in a Pebble. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199569700.003.0018.

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The pebble is a small but perfectly integrated part of a metal factory. This factory has produced copper, silver, zinc, lead and gold (real gold, not its iron sulphide facsimile, pyrite). It is about 100 kilometres long and 60 kilometres across, by about 6 kilometres deep. It is called Wales. The metals have sustained, puzzled, frustrated, and finally abandoned many generations of Welsh miners. Many hundreds of generations, indeed, for these metals have been sought, avidly, since at least the Bronze Age, more than 3000 years ago, when shafts were dug through solid rock with little more than hand-held antler bone and rounded cobble. It is no small feat to chase the metal underground, for its path is tortuous, its presence capricious and its surroundings dangerous. The Welsh miners have been celebrated at home in literature and songs, and also in more surprising quarters, as in the Japanese filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki’s portrayal of them in Castle in the Sky (a children’s animé film, perhaps, but deeply serious at core, like everything that Miyazaki has done). So how is a country-sized metal factory created? Tiny fragments of the answer reside within the pebble. A streak of white crosses the pebble, cutting across both the strata and the tectonic cleavage surfaces. Cutting both these fabrics, it must then be younger. Such evidence of what-came-first and what-came-next is at the heart of geology, and has been so since the very beginnings of the science, since before geological time was pinned and measured by the application of atomic clocks and of fossil time-zonations. And for all today’s shiny atom-counting machines and well-stocked libraries and museums, this kind of logic is still the first thing the geologist applies when any new and unfamiliar problem comes into view. But what is it in the pebble that is younger? Peer with the hand lens, and the white streak is resolved as a mineral vein: that is, as a mass of tiny crystals that have grown within a fracture in the rock.
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Ripmeester, John A., and L. S. Kotlyar. "2H NMR and Gel Formation of the Ultrafine Solids Fraction Associated with the Athabasca Oil Sands Fine Tails." In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Environment Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097511.003.0017.

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The two oil sands plants operated by Syncrude Canada Ltd. and Suncor Canada Ltd. near Fort MacMurray, Alberta, use a hot water process for the separation of bitumen from oil sands. In brief, hot water and oil sands, with caustic soda as dispersing agent, are mixed thoroughly, and bitumen is floated to the top of the resulting slurry by streams of air. After secondary bitumen recovery, the remaining tailings are carried to ponds, where the coarse sands are used to form dikes, the fine tails are left to settle, and freed water is recycled. Typical production figures for the Syncrude plant are 390 000 barrels of diluted bitumen per day produced from 325 000 tonnes of oil sand. One complicating factor is that the fine tails dewater only to a solids content of ~30%, requiring ponds of ever increasing size (the Syncrude pond is 22km2) to store the resulting sludge. As the ponded material is toxic to wildlife, it poses a considerable local environmental hazard. In addition, there is the potential hazard of contamination of surface water and a major river system as a result of seepage or potential dike failure. The work reported here was carried out as part of a major project initiated to address the problem of the existing tailings ponds, and also to modify the currently used separation process so as not to produce sludge. Starting with the recognition that the very stable fine tails, consisting of water, silt, clay and residual bitumen, have gel-like properties, we employed the strategy of fractionating the fine tails with the hope of identifying a specific fraction which might show gel-forming propensity. This was done by breaking the gel, and collecting fractions according to sedimentation behavior during centrifugation. Fractions consisting of the coarser solids (>0.5μm) settled rapidly, whereas fractions with smaller particle sizes (termed ultrafines) gave suspensions which set into stiff, thixotropic gels on standing. Gel formation and the sol-gel transition in colloidal clay suspensions are classical problems which have received much attention over the years; however, much remains to be learned. NMR techniques have shown considerable promise in understanding clay-water interactions at a microscopic level.
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"coating layer itself, an d at the interface between the coating and the substrate, causes instant fracturing and separation of coating material from the surface. In general, if a coating or contaminant is CHEMICALLY bonded to a surface, dry ice particle blasting will NOT effectively remove the coating. If the bond is PHYSICAL o r MECHANICAL in nature, such as a coating of rubber residue which is "anchored" into the porous surface of an aluminum casting, then there is a good chance that dr y ice blasting will work. Contaminants which are etched, or stained into the surfaces of metals, ceramics, plastics, or other materials typically cannot be removed with dry ice blasting. If the surface of the substrate is extremely porous or rough, providing strong mechanical "anchoring" for the contaminant or coating, dr y ice blasting may not be able to remove all of the coating, or the rate of removal may be too slow to allow dry ice blasting to be cost effective. The classic example of a contaminant that does NOT respond to dry ice blast-ing is RUST. Rust is both chemically and strongly mechanically bonded to steel substrate. Advanced stages of rust must be "chiseled" away with abrasive sand blasting. Only the thin film of powderized "flash" rust on a fresh steel surface can be effectively removed with dry ice blasting. 4.2.1.1. Inductio n (venturi) and direct acceleration blast systems - the effect of the typ e of system on available kinetic energy In a two-hose induction (venturi) carbon dioxide blastin g system, the medium particles are moved from the hopper to the "gun" chamber by suction, where they drop to a very low velocity before being induced into the outflow of the nozzle by a large flow volume of compressed air. Some more advanced two-hose systems employ a small positive pressure to the pellet delivery hose. In any type of two-hose system, since the blast medium particles have only a short distance in which to gain momentum and accelerate to the nozzle exit (usually only 200 to 300 mm), the final particle average velocity is limited to between 60 and 120 meters per second. So, in general, two-hose systems, although not so costly, are limited in their ability to deliver contaminant removal kinetic energy to the surface to be cleaned. When more blasting energy is required, these systems must be "boosted" a t the expense of much more air volume required, and higher blast pressure is re-quired as well, with much more nozzle back thrust, and very much more blast noise generated at the nozzle exit plane. The other type of solid carbon dioxide medium blasting system is like the "pressurized pot" abrasive blasting system common in the sand blasting and Plas-ti c Media Blasting industries. These systems use a single delivery hose from the hopper to the "nozzle" applicator in which both the medium particles and the compressed air travel. These systems are more complex and a little more costly than the inductive two-hose systems, but the advantages gained greatly outweigh the extra initial expense. In a single-hose solid carbon dioxide particle blasting system, sometimes referred to as a "direct acceleration " system, the medium is introduced from the hopper into a single, pre-pressurized blast hose through a sealed airlock feeder. The particles begin their acceleration and velocity increase." In Surface Contamination and Cleaning, 162–63. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9789047403289-25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Home solid residues"

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Ya, Min, Fulong Dai, and Jian Lu. "Moire interferometry and hole drilling system for residual stress measurement." In Optical Technology and Image Processing fo rFluids and solids Diagnostics 2002, edited by Gong Xin Shen, Soyoung S. Cha, Fu-Pen Chiang, and Carolyn R. Mercer. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.509788.

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Hossain, S., C. E. Truman, D. J. Smith, and M. R. Daymond. "Prediction and Measurement of Residual Stresses Arising From Quenching of Stainless Steels." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2652.

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This paper presents results from an experimental and numerical study examining the creation of highly triaxial residual stresses in stainless steel. This was motivated by a need to model and understand creep in aged power plant. The residual stresses were introduced by rapid spray water quenching of heated solid stainless steel spheres and cylinders. Finite element (FE) simulations predicted high compressive residual stresses around the surface of the specimens and tensile residual stresses near the centre. Surface residual stresses were measured using the incremental centre-hole drilling (ICHD) technique. Neutron diffraction (ND) was used to measure the interior residual stresses. The measurements were in good agreement with FE predictions. The ND measurements confirmed that a highly triaxial residual stress state existed in the core of the specimens.
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Pinto, Rosa Irene Terra, and Telmo Roberto Strohaecker. "Residual Stresses Evaluation on Radial Friction Welded Joints." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67080.

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The Radial Friction Welding (RFW) is a solid-state welding process in which two long elements of several metallic alloys can be joined, without the occurrence of common problems to the conventional welding processes that include fusion. During friction welding the temperature evolution is directly related with the deformation gradient, and these fields govern the joint properties. In this work, the finite element method was used to solve the full coupled termomechanical problem in order to determine the deformation and the stress fields and the variation of the temperature during RFW process. The simulation of the RFW process permitted to establish the influence of the welding parameters, like rotation and approximation speed, on the joint quality. Furthermore, the knowledge of the temperature gradient and cooling rates allowed the prediction of the resulting microestruture and determination of the level of residual stresses of the joint. To verify the analytical results the determination of the residual stresses was accomplished by the hole drilling method in several points along the perimeter of two welded workpieces.
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Walaszek, H., J. Hoblos, G. Bourse, C. Robin, P. Bouteille, and H. P. Lieurade. "Ultrasonic Stress Measurement in Welded Component by Using Lcr Waves: Analysis of the Microstructure Effect." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2829.

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Welding, which is a largely used process in the mechanical manufacturing, is one of the causes of high-level residual stresses. The level of residual stresses has a great importance for the life time of welded components used in mechanical engineering industry. The ultrasonic technique may be used to determine the residual stresses. The technique is based on the acoustoelastic effect, which refers to the change in the velocity of ultrasonic waves propagating in strained solids. Previous studies were carried out to evaluate residual stresses by using ultrasonic methods, but they do not enable to exactly determine the stress values in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the melted zone (MZ). This paper describes the experimental procedure of ultrasonic stress measurements applied to welded manufactured joints for different steel grades such high elastic limit material. It is noticeable that, to take into account of microstructure influence on ultrasonic behavior of the weld, the measurement were calibrated on samples machined in the melted zone and in parent metal. The results obtained by the ultrasonic Lcr waves technique were compared with those obtained by “reference” techniques such as hole-drilling. This work confirms the possibility of evaluating the residual stresses induced by welding using the ultrasonic method, and shows improvements obtained in taking into account of metal microstructure for evaluating stresses in the welds.
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Cohen, Alan S., Shawn Worster, and Michael Brown. "Back to the Future: Lesson Learned in Implementing Emerging Technologies." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2318.

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“Energy cost increases are expected to continue.... The impact of these energy cost increases on attractiveness of energy recovery could be significant.” “A number of new technological developments have been underway over the past few years that are now becoming available as full-scale systems and that are greatly expanding the opportunities for energy recovery from mixed municipal waste.” These sound like statements from today’s headlines or the latest marketing brochures reflecting the promise of emerging waste management technologies. The reality is that these statements were made over thirty years ago. Communities planning on implementing any new technology as part of their solid waste management program should proceed with caution. After all, the second quote above was followed by the following statement. “These systems have generally been developed by firms in private industry as new business ventures. Monsanto, Union Carbide, Devco, Garrett Research and Development (a division of Occidental Petroleum), Hercules, Black-Clawson, Horner-Schiffrin and Combustion Equipment Associates have been some of the most active firms.” Although many communities relied upon performance and financial guarantees offered by these companies, none of projects developed by them were successful. Similarly, there was a wave of optimism and projects that were implemented in the 1990’s involving numerous mixed municipal waste biological (i.e., composting) projects that also failed for economic or technical reasons. From these prior experiences, lessons can be drawn to assist communities evaluate the risks and rewards in procuring and contracting for today’s emerging technologies. The waste being delivered to these failed projects, unlike some of the salespersons, did not go away. These failed projects had to be redeveloped and replacement projects implemented to deal with the daily tide at the curb. A number of consultants, including the authors, started in the solid waste business redeveloping some of these failed initial efforts. From these prior experiences, lessons can be drawn to assist communities evaluate the risks and rewards in procuring today’s emerging technologies. New thermal conversion, pyrolysis, gasification, and bioconversion technologies are being proposed for projects throughout the U.S. based on experience in North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Many communities have issued RFP’s to include emerging technologies in their integrated solid waste management systems. To successfully procure and finance a project involving one of these emerging technologies, the project sponsor or developer will need to: • Locate a politically suitable site for the project; • Acquire waste supply commitments; • Develop energy and material sales approaches and agreements; • Arrange for residue disposal; • Obtain permits to operate; and • Arrange for the financing. In addition to the above components, the efficacy of the technology and the financial backing provided by the technology supplier are critical to a successful project. Not unlike the early 1970’s and 1990’s companies are promoting the advantages and successful applications of new approaches to solid waste management. In doing so, some companies are asking communities to provide a suitable site (usually adjacent to or near an exiting permitted landfill or other solid waste management facility), supply waste, dispose of any residue, and assist in the permitting of a new project. The company may take the responsibility to arrange for energy and material markets, obtain the permits, and finance the project. The company’s objective is to develop a demonstration of their technology using mixed municipal solid waste, or a portion of the waste stream, in a U.S. community from which it can build its business. Before entering into long term obligations associated with such arrangements, it is important that a community consider the following: • How much will it cost to deliver waste to the new facility? • What impact will it have on the balance of the solid waste management system? • If the new system does not work, is there an alternative location, both in the short- and long-run to process/dispose of the waste? • If there are odor or other environmental problems that cannot be mitigated, is there a way to terminate the operation of the facility? • If the project does not succeed, will the company be responsible for razing the facility and returning a clean site? What other obligations will the company have? • What are the obligations of the community if the project does succeed? • What is the definition of success? • How long must the project be successfully demonstrated before it is converted into a fully commercial operation? • If this involves an expansion of the project, is the community obligated to proceed? This presentation compares and contrasts the experiences of the past with the current approaches being taken by firms promoting these technologies and communities implementing them in the hope of learning from our past.. Case studies will be discussed to support the conclusions and recommendations presented.
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Kumar, K. M. Sathish, G. V. Naveen Prakash, K. K. Pavan Kumar, and H. V. Lakshminarayana. "Fracture Mechanics Analysis of Aero-Engine Compressor Disc." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62978.

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Fracture is a natural reaction of solids to relieve stress and shed excess energy. The design philosophy envisions sufficient strength and structural integrity of the aircraft to sustain major damage and to avoid catastrophic failure. However there are inherent limitations in the methodology, resulting in significant under utilization of component lives and an inability to account for non-representative factors. Ductile materials used in aircraft engine are likely to experience fatigue and stable crack growth before the occurrence of fast fracture and final failure. Fatigue crack propagation can be characterized by a crack growth-rate model that predicts the number of loading cycles required to propagate a fatigue crack to a critical size. Stress Intensity Factors under fatigue loading are below the critical value for quasi-static or unstable crack propagation. Under these circumstances, Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics helps to characterize the crack growth-rate model. Stable crack growth and final failure generally occur at the very last loading cycle of the life of aircraft. Crack propagation at this stage involves elastic-plastic stable tearing followed by fast-fracture. Since crack growth is no longer under small-scale yielding conditions, Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics is needed to characterize the fracture behavior and to predict the residual strength. The most likely places for crack initiating and development are bolt holes in a compressor disk. Such cracks may grow in time leading to a loss of strength and reduction of the life time of the disc. The objective of this work is to determine Stress Intensity Factor for a crack emanating from a bolt hole in a disk and approaching shaft hole. The objective is achieved by developing a 2D finite element model of a disk with bolt holes subjected to a centrifugal loading. It was observed that stress concentration at the holes has a strong influence on the value of Stress Intensity Factor. Also, fatigue life prediction was carried out using AFGROW software. Different fatigue crack growth laws were compared. This provides necessary information for subsequent studies, especially for fatigue loads, where stress intensity factor is necessary for the crack growth rate determination and prediction of residual strength.
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Chen Roy, Ting, Kamel Bennaceur, Daniel Markel, Leonard Harp, Casey Harrison, James Shelton, Aaron Hall, et al. "Liners with Bulk Metallic Glass/High Entropy Alloy, Degradable in Formation Fluids for a Skin Free, Clear, Perforating Tunnel, Enabling Enhanced Reservoir Connectivity." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205902-ms.

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Abstract A shaped charge for wellbore perforation includes a solid metal or powder liner pressed onto a case, sandwiching high explosives which may have varying thermal stability, dictated by the expected time of exposure and bottom hole temperature (BHT). It is common knowledge that post detonation, the liner-jet punctures the gun body and casing, continuing forward to perforate the formation until its eventual collapse. The jet debris is deposited on the crushed zone forming an impermeable skin and a slug at the end of the perforation-tunnel. This reduces fracture conductivity, and thus, production. Here we present a game changing innovation, the development of a shaped charge with a novel responsive liner. The jet created from our novel degradable liner, post detonation punctures the casing and progress to penetrate the formation until an eventual collapse. However, this system is designed so that, during detonation, a water disintegrable reaction product, bulk metallic glasses (BMG) and/or high entropy alloys (HEA), are formed. These degradable BMG/HEA or complexions decorate the grain boundaries and domain interfaces of the impermeable skin lining the crushed zone of the perforation tunnel as amorphous intergranular films (AIFs) and plug at end of the pathway. Interacting with flowback fluids the BMG/HEA promotes grain dropping, disintegrating the liner and carrot leaving behind a clean perforation tunnel, improving fracture conductivity thus enhanced productivity. In addition, a clear perf tunnel has zero skin value. As such, compared to a coated tunnel with gun and charge debris, it needs little or no acid to clean-up. This results in a demarked reduction of formation breakdown pressures with improved economics for the client. Last but not least this leads to cost reduction of authorized field expenditure (AFE) to support optimized performance of completion design allowing for increased production. CLEAR shaped charges have been qualified to customer specifications in field conditions and are ready to be commercialized. An extension of this technology is being applied to design charges for "Big-Hole" perforations, for the Plug and Abandonment (P&A) market where an effective cement squeeze, anchoring a plug effectively seals the wellbore, preventing the leakage of residual hydrocarbon and associated contamination and emissions.
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Li, Zhuoqun, and Xin Wu. "Inner Surface Cracking of an Aluminum Alloy in Small-Radius Bending." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42976.

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Aluminum alloys, due to their low density, high strength to weight ratio and formability, are widely used in automotive components. At present, most of the sheet alloy being used is AA6111; an Al-Mg-Si alloy with addition of Cu. AA6111. These alloys contain micrometer sized inclusions and second phase particles, with good combination of strength and formability [1]. However, at the same time, the formability of AA6111 is also limited because of these micro-sized inclusions and second phase particles [2]. To improve the formability of sheet metal used as automotive body such as panels, a newer alloy AA6022 containing nano-sized strengthening precipitates and enhanced formability has been developed. A number of research works have been done on the precipitation sequences and phase development during aging of these alloys. Recently Miao and Laughlin have reported that the precipitation sequence in the AA6022 is in the following reaction: solid solution α → GP zones → β″ → β′ + lath-like precipitate ← β + Si [3, 4]. As to AA6111, the sequence of precipitation is believed to initiate with the metastable phases, β″ and β′ leading to the equilibrium β phase. The structure and composition of the β phase have been well established to be of the fluorite structure with a composition Mg2Si [5–7]. Recent works also report the presence of a quaternary phase, Q and its metastable precursor, Q′ in the precipitation sequence [8]. The aim of this report is to find the relationship between the microstructure and the failure of the hole expanded and small angle bended samples. We will report a finding of inner surface fracture during small-radius bending due to the tensile residual stress development in the inner surface.
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