Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Homeopathic preparation'

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 239817 bytes, checksum: 1921cc10636b0f1980cf9299b9b45fac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15<br>The high dilutions applied according to the principles of homeopathy or hormesis are sustainable alternatives in agriculture low cost and can be used to improve water quality. Four experiments were conducted at the Laboratory of Homeopathy, Plant Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. The objective was to investigate the change of physicochemical properties of water in response to action of high dilutions of Alumina and Calcarea carbonica in a completely randomized design with seven treatments (3CH, 5CH, 7CH, 9CH, 11CH, 13CH and distilled water, as control) and four replications. The dynamizations were prepared in distilled water, and were applied in the procedure "double blind". Fifty-six bottles of borosilicate glass with a capacity of 80 mL received 40 mL of distilled water, and twenty-eight in the first experiment and twenty-eight in the second. Fifty-six bottles of borosilicate glass with a capacity of 80 mL received 40 mL of acidic water. In twenty-eight of these were applied 10 drops of Alumina in the remaining twenty-eight were applied 10 drops of Calcarea carbonica. The variables were: potential of hydrogen, electrical conductivity (in &#956;S/cm) and dissolved oxygen (mg/L), measured immediately after treatment (T1) and every 24 hours until 72 hours after (T2, T3, T4). The data were interpreted by analysis of variance, using the program SAEG. The control was compared with other treatments by Dunnett test at 5% probability. Alumina 3 CH in distilled water increased the potential of hydrogen and electrical conductivity and Alumina 7 CH reduced the dissolved oxygen. The Calcarea carbonica 5 CH and 7 CH increased the potential of hydrogen from distilled water. The 7 CH increased dissolved oxygen, the 9 CH and 13 CH reduced it. In the treatment of water acidity caused by aluminum the calcarea carbonica showed efficiency and Alumina not been efficient.<br>As altas diluições aplicadas conforme os princípios da homeopatia ou da hormese são alternativas sustentáveis de baixo custo na agricultura, podendo ser usadas para melhorar a qualidade das águas. Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos no Laboratório de Homeopatia do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Objetivou-se investigar a alteração das propriedades físico-químicas de água em resposta à ação de altas diluições de Alumina e Calcarea carbonica no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos (3 CH, 5 CH, 7 CH, 9 CH, 11 CH e 13CH e água destilada, como testemunha) e quatro repetições. As dinamizações foram preparadas em água destilada e aplicadas no procedimento duplo-cego . Cinquenta e seis frascos de vidro borossilicato com capacidade para 80 mL receberam 40 mL de água destilada, sendo 28 no primeiro experimento e 28 no segundo. Cinquenta e seis frascos de vidro borossilicato com capacidade para 80 mL receberam 40 mL de água ácida. Em 28 desses, foram aplicadas 10 gotas da Alumina, enquanto nos 28 restantes, 10 gotas da Calcarea carbonica. As variáveis avaliadas foram: potencial de hidrogênio, condutividade elétrica (em &#956;S/cm) e oxigênio dissolvido (em mg/L), medidas imediatamente após a aplicação dos tratamentos (T1) e em intervalos de 24 horas até 72 horas após (T2, T3, T4). Os dados foram interpretados por meio de análise de variância, sendo utilizado o Programa SAEG. A testemunha foi comparada com os demais tratamentos pelo teste de Dunnett a 5% de probabilidade. A Alumina 3 CH na água destilada elevou o potencial de hidrogênio e a condutividade elétrica, a Alumina 7 CH reduziu o oxigênio dissolvido, a Calcarea carbonica 5 CH e a 7 CH elevaram o potencial de hidrogênio da água destilada, a 7 CH aumentou o oxigênio dissolvido e a 9 CH e 13 CH reduziram-no. No tratamento da acidez da água causada por alumínio, a Calcarea carbonica foi eficiente e a Alumina não.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV13MA114.pdf: 993447 bytes, checksum: f402b38c12cd41431f69932db13172d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is cultivated in Santa Catarina State(SC) for double propose, consumption and tuber-seed. Potato crop is an activity of the highest importance concerning social-economic situation of small and media farmers in Santa Catarina, that represent more than 17 thousand families farms. Despite the fact of potato crops are conducted in suitable region for their cultivation, phitosanitarian problems has been solved using exclusively chemicals. This has caused serious intoxication to human being and environment as well. The objective of this work was to assess the genetic resistance and the efficacy of high dilution preparations to disease and pest management of potato crops under organic production systems. Experiments were conducted under field conditions at Experimental Station of Agriculture research and Extension Service of Santa Catarina State Agency-EPAGRI and family farm in Lages, SC. Two experiments were conducted at EPAGRI, one about genetic resistance and another about high dilution evaluations. The first experiment was in randomized blocks and subplot statistic design. The main plot were set 10 treatments comprised the homeopathic preparations of Silicia, Hypericum, and biotherapic of Phytophthora infestans at 6, 12 e 60 CH (centesimal hahnemanniana dilution order). Non intervention was the control plot. As subplots were the cv. Ágata (susceptible); BRS Ana e BRS Eliza, (medium susceptible); Cota (resistant). Each plot has 40 plants and ten in the subplot. Treatments were applied in every 15 days with knapsack and manual operation, having a total of four treatments. The disease and insect incidence were weekly evaluated. The second experiment was conducted at Epagri-Lages and consisted of 40 land race and eight commercial cv. of potato. The third field experiment was conducted in family farm of the rural community of Pedras Brancas, Lages, SC, comprising 45 land race of potato. The experiment design was in randomized blocks with four replicates and each plot consisted of 10 plants. Evaluations of disease and insect incidence were done weekly. Post-harvest evaluation of land race experiments consisted of weekly tuber weight during 60 days. The homeopathic preparations of Hypericum 12CH, 60CH and Silicia 6CH e 12CH influenced tuber yields and reduced the occurrence of Systena tenuis and Diabrotica speciosa. The biotherapic of Phytophthora infestans at 6CH and 12CH and Hypericum 60CH favorite tuber conservation until 60 days at room conditions. In the experiment at Epagri, 15 land race showed good yields and six(6) of them with high disease resistance, that were 339, 3, 325, 95, 338, and 136. In the experiment at Pedras Brancas community, the land race of e-196, 33/21, e-184, 43/22, e-195, 45/36 e 52/33, 58/12, 64/11, and 57/16 have high production and six (6) of them they have also high resistence to diseases and insect under organic condition systems<br>No Estado de Santa Catarina a batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) é cultivada tanto para o consumo como para produção de sementes. O cultivo da batateira é atividade de importância econômica e social, pois é realizada por pequenos e médios agricultores, envolvendo mais de 17 mil famílias rurais. Apesar de os cultivos da batata serem realizados em regiões propícias para seu desenvolvimento, ainda assim enfrenta problemas fitossanitários que são contornados com intervenções exclusivamente por agrotóxicos, os quais causam intoxicações a agricultores e impactos negativos sobre meio ambiente, devido ao poder residual que apresentam seus princípios ativos. O objetivo deste trabalho visa avaliar a resistência a doenças e pragas de clones locais de batata e a eficácia de preparados homeopáticos no manejo fitossanitário em variedades comerciais, bem como os seus efeitos no desenvolvimento fenológico das plantas e na produção de tubérculos. Foram conduzidos experimentos a campo na unidade experimental da Epagri-Lages e na comunidade de Pedras Brancas, Lages, SC. Na Epagri, foram realizados dois experimentos, um com aplicação de preparados homeopáticos e outro com avaliação de resistência de clones locais. O primeiro experimento foi em delineamento experimental blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Na parcela principal foram dispostos os preparados homeopáticos em 10 tratamentos (homeopatias de Silicia, Hypericum e bioterápicos de requeima (Phytophthora infestans), combinados, cada qual nas dinamizações 6, 12 e 60 CH (ordem de diluição centesimal hahnemanniana)) sem intervenção foi a testemunha e na sub-parcela quatro variedades comerciais de batata (Ágata (suscetível); BRS Ana e BRS Eliza, (medianamente suscetível); Cota (resistente)). Cada parcela foi constituída por 40 plantas e cada subparcela composta pela respectiva variedade com 10 plantas cada. Os tratamentos foram aplicados a cada quinze dias com auxílio do pulverizador costal manual sobre a planta até o ponto de escorrimento, totalizando quatro aplicações. A incidência de doenças e insetos foi avaliada semanalmente. O segundo experimento realizado na Epagri-Lages constou da avaliação de resistência a doenças e insetos de 40 clones locais e oito variedades comerciais. E outro experimento conduzido na comunidade de Pedras Brancas, Lages, SC compreendendo a avaliação de outros 45 clones locais. Os delineamentos dos ensaios com clones locais foi inteiramente casualizados com quatro repetições, e cada parcela composta por 10 tubérculos cada. Semanalmente, foram avaliadas a incidência de doenças e insetos. Nos experimentos da avaliação de clones, após a colheita, foram realizadas avaliações de peso e número de tubérculos, sendo depois armazenados em ambiente natural por um período de 60 dias, com avaliações semanais da perda de massa fresca de tubérculos. Os preparados homeopáticos com Hypericum 12CH, 60CH e Silicia 6CH e 12CH influenciaram na produtividade de tubérculos, e reduziram a ocorrência e a porcentagem de danos em plantas de batateira por Systena tenuis e Diabrotica speciosa. O bioterápico de Phytophthora infestans 6CH e 12CH e Hypericum 60CH proporcionaram melhor conservação dos tubérculos no período de 60 dias em ambiente natural. Nos clones avaliados na Epagri-Lages 15 se descaram com maior produtividade e destes seis apresentaram mais resistentes a pinta-preta que foram 339, 3, 325, 95, 338 e 136. E nas avaliações realizadas na Comunidade de Pedras Branca, Lages, SC 11 clones locais foram os mais produtivos e-196, 33/21, e-184, 43/22, e-195, 45/36 e 52/33, 58/12, 64/11 e 57/16 e destes seis demonstraram resistência a requeima e três a Diabrotica speciosa em sistema orgânico de cultivo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV08MA075.pdf: 2514308 bytes, checksum: 5a0e94495b6093ef64517b7c72d7304f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-16<br>The Santa Catarina s plateau has a vast variety of different plants that still little known by its inhabitants. The domestication and intensive cultivation of certain native plants species has stimulated the adoption of conventional techniques like the use of organic pesticides that because of its intensive application causes environmental contamination and human intoxication. The objectives of this research were to study the occurrence of Hypericum species at the region of Santa Catarina s plateau and the viability of homeopathic preparations to grow Hypericum species. The studies of Hypericum species occurrence were conducted by 26 field expeditions and consisted of sampling plants in 9 different places. The survey showed the occurrence of four Hypericum species identified as: Hypericum connatum, Hypericum carinatum, Hypericum brasiliense and Hypericum ternum. The effect evaluation of homeopathic preparations in the control of pests and diseases of Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum inodorum Androsaemum was carried out by experiments conducted under greenhouse and field conditions. To test the effects of the treatments on plants of H. inodorum the field experiment was carried on in completely randomized blocks with five replicates and seven treatments (no spray, Cuprum metallicum 30CH, Staphysagria 30CH, Carbo vegetabilis 30CH, Arnica Montana 30CH, rust nosode 30DH and Bordeaux mixture (0,3%). The experimental unit consisted of a plot with 10 H. inodorum Androsaemum plants. The greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five replicates and eight treatments (Staphysagria 30CH, Cuprum metallicum 30CH, Hypericum connatum macerated 30CH, Calcarea sulphurica 30CH, Bordeaux mixture 30CH, water 30CH, rust nosode 30DH and pure water). Each pot with one H. inodorum Androsaemum plant was considered an experimental unit. At the greenhouse conditions Cuprum metallicum, Staphysagria and Hypericum connatum macerated reduced the rust (Melampsora hypericorum) severity and the treatment with Bordeaux mixture 30CH reduced the population of whitefly nymphs. In the field experiment the treatments rust nosode and Carbo vegetabilis reduced the rust incidence, and the Bordeaux mixture (0,3%) reduces the rust severity. The experiments with the medicinal specie Hypericum perforatum under the field conditions was carried on in randomized blocks with 5 replicates and 9 treatments (pure water, Corralium, Staphysagria, Nitricum acidum, Arnica montana, Lycopodium clavatum, Hypericum connatum and Hypericum perforatum macerate, all of them at 8CH). Each experimental unit consisted of a plot with 8 plants. In the greenhouse the experiemt was carryed on in a completely randomized design with 5 replicates and 11 treatments (Arnica montana, Carbo vegetabilis, Phosporus, Hypericum perforatum, Magnesia carbonica, water, Nitricum acidum, Staphysagria, Lycopodium clavatum e macerado de Hypericum perforatum, all of them at 8CH and pure water). Each experimental plot was composed by one H. perforatum plant planted in vase. At greenhouse conditions plants of H. perforatum treated with Carbo vegetabilis 12CH showed the lowest trips population, Hypericum perforatum macerated 12CH showed to increase the biomass production and Staphysagria 12CH increased the production of hipericin glands. In the field experiment there were no significant differences among the treatments. However it was observed that H. perforatum is a promising green soil cover species<br>O Planalto Serrano Catarinense possui uma rica flora ainda pouco conhecida por sua população. A domesticação e o cultivo intensivo de certas espécies nativas tem incentivado contraditoriamente a utilizaçao de técnicas convencionais como o uso de agroquímicos que por serem utilizados de modo indiscriminado causam problemas de intoxicação humana e contaminação ambiental. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo de ocorrência de espécies do genero Hypericum no Planalto Serrano Catarinense, e o efeito de preparados homeopáticos no controle de pragas e doenças em plantas de Hypericum perforatum e Hypericum inodorum Androsaemum . O levantamento foi realizado por 26 expedições técnicas com coletas e identificação de plantas em 9 municípios da região. Verificou-se a presença de 4 diferentes espécies - Hypericum connatum, Hypericum carinatum, Hypericum brasiliense e Hypericum ternum. Os experimentos envolvendo a espécie Hypericum inodorum Androsaemum , foram realizados em casa-de-vegetação e a campo. A campo utilizou-se delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 5 repetições e 7 tratamentos (testemunha sem intervenção, Cuprum metallicum, Staphysagria, Carbo vegetabilis e Arnica montana na 30CH, nosódio da ferrugem 30DH e Calda bordalesa a 0,3%). A unidade experimental era constituída de uma parcela com 10 plantas de H. inodorum Androsaemum . O experimento em casa-de-vegetação foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 repetições e 8 tratamentos (Staphysagria, Cuprum metallicum, macerado de Hypericum connatum, Calcarea sulphurica, calda bordalesa e água na 30CH, nosódio da ferrugem na 30DH e testemunha água pura). A unidade experimental era de um vaso com uma planta de hipérico. Verificou-se que os preparados homeopáticos Cuprum metallicum, Staphysagria e macerado de Hypericum connatum diminuiram a severidade da ferrugem (Melampsora hypericorum), o tratamento calda bordalesa na 30CH diminui a população de ninfas de mosca-branca em plantas de H. inodorum Androsaemum , em casa-de-vegetação. A campo os tratamentos nosódio da ferrugem e Carbo vegetabilis diminuiram a incidência da ferrugem, e a calda bordalesa a 0,3% diminui a severidade de M. hypericorum. O experimento realizado a campo com a espécie medicinal Hypericum perforatum era de blocos ao acaso com 5 repetições e 9 tratamentos (água pura, Corralium, Staphysagria, Nitricum acidum, Arnica montana, Lycopodium clavatum, macerado de Hypericum connatum e de Hypericum perforatum, todos na potência 8CH). Cada unidade experimental era composta por uma parcela com 8 plantas. No experimento em casa-de-vegetação utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 repetições e 11 tratamentos (Arnica montana, Carbo vegetabilis, Phosporus, Hypericum perforatum, Magnesia carbonica, água, Nitricum acidum, Staphysagria, Lycopodium clavatum e macerado de Hypericum perforatum, todos na potência 12CH e água pura). A parcela experimental era composta por um vaso com uma planta de H. perforatum. Verificouse que as plantas tratadas com Carbo vegetabilis apresentaram uma população menor de trips, o tratamento macerado de Hypericum perforatum aumentou a produçao de biomassa e Staphysagria aumentou a produção de glândulas de hipericina. Durante o experimento realizado a campo verificou-se que nao houve differença entre os tratamentos na produçao de biomassa ou na produçao de glandulas de hiperecina. Entretanto, observou-se que a espécie Hypericum perforatum é promissora quanto a sua utilização como cobertura verde do solo

The distribution of yeast fungi has been ascertained as their influence on SCM etiology. Our developed preparation for treatment for yeast and microbe caused mastitis “Gentafung” is composition of wide spectrum antibiotics and antifungal medications. An evaluation was performed of commercially available homeopathic preparations in treating SCM. A new recommended preparation “OrbeScal” was evaluated for drying cows. A comparison of Candida genus commercial identification systems diagnostic accuracy was via classical methods.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV14MA142.pdf: 646523 bytes, checksum: e0bd829f134f5d24d758fee703f47aa9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-27<br>The objectives of the survey and typing traditional orchards subsistence containing fig plants in rural and urban perimeter Catarina were performing. Characterize the roughness of the fig tree clones and evaluate the use of homeopathic preparations in fig rust control in organic production systems. The metodology used for the survey and location of fig germplasm nigger were held through technical visits. We conducted 43 interviews with semi-structured questionnaire, rising information about the history, potential use, ways to use the fruit and procedures for management of fig. For characterization of resistance expedriments were conducted at the Experimental Station of the Agriocultural Research and Rural Extension, Lages, SC and the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina Concord Campus, in the period 2013/2014. The experiments consisted of evaluation of 35 clones in four replication, with and experimental ploto f fours plants, the revews were incidence and severity of rust on the leaves fortnightly. The study wth the use of homeopathic preparations was conducted in the greenhouse and the field at trhe Federal Institute of Santa Catarina Concord Campus, SC, in two cropping cycles, 2012/2014. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications, the field and eight replicates in a greenhouse. The homeopatic treatments were prepared: Belladonna, Ferrum fosforicum, Aconitum napelus and biotherapic of fig leaves, all in CH12 (twelfth order of Hahnemann s centesimal dolution), Bordeaux mixture 0.2% and 0.3% sulfue syruo. Witnesses were water and non-intervention. It was found that the cultivation of the fig tree is associated with the lemon, orange, bergamoteiras, vines, peac, persimmon and plum trees in backyards, near the home. Phytosanitary problems were repprted by 86% of respondentes in rural areas and 14% in the urban áreas. All respondentes (43) figs intended for personal use and also sells only one. The age of the plants of figs were between 8-65 years. Two accessions of purple figs and two accessions of fine purple fig showed less incidence and severity ofrust on the leaves. The availability of Creoles genotypes resistance to rust offers potential for use on a comercial scale in the locations studies. In the greenhouse, fig treated with Belladonna 12CH, 0.2% Bordeaux misture and lime súlfur to 0.3% showed less senescence and showed the lowest área under the disease progress curve. The field, fig treated with Belladonna 12CH, 0.2% Bordeaux mixture and lime súlfur to 0.3% also showed the lowest área under the disease progress curve and a lower incidence of rust average of seven ecaluations. Holders of knowledge about the cultivation and use of fig fruits are prevalente in the elderly. There Creoles genptypes high resistance rust. Belladonna and nosode rust were equivalente to Bordeaux mixture in most trials in the management of rust fig<br>Este estudo teve objetivo de reconhecer germoplasma crioulo de figo, o conhecimento associado e avaliar a resistência da figueira e uso de preparados homeopáticos no manejo da ferrugem. A localização e levantamento de germoplasma de figo crioulo foram realizadas através de visitas técnicas a área rural no Oeste Catarinense e urbana de Lages. Realizou-se 43 entrevistas com questionário semi-estruturado, levantandose informações sobre o histórico, potencial de uso, formas de utilização do fruto e procedimentos de manejo de figueiras. Para caracterização de resistência experimentos foram realizados na Estação Experimental da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural, Lages, SC e no Instituto Federal Catarinense Campus Concórdia, no período de 2013/2014. Os experimentos constaram de avaliação de 35 clones em quatro repetições, sendo a parcela experimental de quatro plantas. As avaliações foram quinzenais de incidência e severidade de ferrugem nas folhas. O estudo com uso de preparados homeopáticos foi realizado em casa de vegetação e a campo no Instituto Federal Catarinense Campus Concórdia, SC, em dois ciclos de cultivo de 2012 a 2014. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, a campo, e oito repetições, em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram os preparados homeopáticos: Belladonna, Ferrum fosforicum, Aconitum napelus, e bioterápico de folhas de figueiras, todas na CH12 (décima segunda ordem de diluição centesimal hahnemanniana). Calda bordalesa a 0,2% e calda sulfocalcica a 0,3% foram os tratamentos padrão. Testemunhas foram a água e não intervenção. Verificou-se que o cultivo da figueira está associado, a limoeiros, laranjeiras, bergamoteiras, videiras, pessegueiros, caquizeiros e ameixeiras em quintais, próximos às residências. Problemas fitossanitários foram reportados por 86% dos entrevistados na área rural e 14% no perímetro urbano. Todos os entrevistados (43) destinam os figos para consumo próprio e apenas um também comercializa. A idade das plantas de figos foi entre 8 a 65 anos. Dois acessos de figo roxo e dois acessos de figo roxo fino mostraram menos incidência e severidade de ferrugem nas folhas. A disponibilidade de genótipos crioulos resistentes a ferrugem oferece potencial de uso em escala comercial nos locais estudados. Em casa de vegetação, figueiras tratadas com Belladonna 12CH, calda bordalesa a 0,2% e calda sulfocálcica a 0,3% apresentaram menor senescência e apresentaram menor índice de área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. A campo, figueiras tratadas com Belladonna 12CH, calda bordalesa a 0,2% e calda sulfocálcica a 0,3% também apresentaram menor índice de área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença e menor incidência da ferrugem, média das sete avaliações. Detentores do conhecimento sobre o cultivo e uso de frutos de figo são predominantes de terceira idade. Belladonna e Nosódio da ferrugem foram equivalentes a calda bordalesa na maioria dos ensaios no manejo da ferrugem da figueira

Ces travaux ont pour but d’identifier des métabolites dans des teintures-mères (TMs) utilisées en homéopathie et en phytothérapie pour mieux contrôler la qualité des TMs et de mieux comprendre leur mode d’action sur la santé humaine. Nous avons étudié, par une approche de métabolomique globale, 19 TMs et un produit leader : le L52, fabriqués par les Laboratoires Lehning. Premièrement, nous avons utilisé des approches non-ciblées en construisant des banques de données GC-MS et UPLC-MS/MS, afin d’identifier un maximum de molécules dans chaque extrait. Puis, nous avons fractionné certaines TMs et purifié des métabolites inconnus pour une identification fine en HRMS. Nous avons identifié de nombreuses molécules dans chaque TM, montrant que ces dernières sont très riches en molécules pouvant être utilisées pour le contrôle-qualité des TMs et valorisées pour la santé humaine<br>Tinctures defined as hydro-alcoholic extracts have been used from centuries in homeopathy and phytotherapy, but their chemical compositions remain still unknown. During my PhD, metabolomics analyses of nineteen tinctures and one leader product, L52, made by Laboratoires Lehning, were conducted using untargeted metabolomic approach. We build GC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS databases to identify a large amount of metabolites. Then, we used semi-preparative HPLC with both UV and mass detection to isolate some compounds from tinctures. We used UPLC-HRMS to obtain chemical formula, a prerequisite for metabolites identification. Finally, we identified a broad range of different metabolites in each tincture, highlighting the metabolic complexity of the TMs. These molecules can now be used for quality-control and valued for a better understanding of these products on human health

The purpose of this study was to explore the possible comparative in-vitro effects of two anthroposophical complex preparations on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The effect of these two anthroposophical complexes, the first being Echinacea/ Quartz Complex Single Dose Eyedrops (Wala), and the second being a preparation called Euphrasia Single Dose Eyedrops (Wala) on Staphylococcus aureus in-vitro had not yet been established. The two methods employed were the agar dilution method and the disc diffusion method. These tests measured the in-vitro susceptibility of the Staphylococcus aureus to the anthroposophical complexes and to chloramphenicol (a broad spectrum allopathic anti-biotic commonly used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection). The experiments were conducted on twenty Staphylococcus aureus isolates, obtained from Van Drimmelin Laboratories. All experimentation was conducted in triplicate in order to eliminate laboratory error. In the agar dilution method, broth cultures of the twenty isolates were prepared and equal amounts of the cultures were plated out onto the agar media individually treated with the antimicrobial of choice, or onto unmedicated agar. After 24 hours of incubation the number of colonies per plate were counted. In the disc diffusion test, discs individually impregnated with the antimicrobial of choice and unmedicated discs were placed onto inoculated nutrient agar plates. After 24 hours of incubation the zone diameters were measured. The results were compared using a two-way analysis of variance. They showed that neither of the anthroposophical complexes had a significant in-vitro effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the agar dilution method, and neither complex displayed any anti-bacterial action in the disc diffusion test. However, studies have shown that patients using these eyedrops to treat bacterial conjunctivitis have experienced significant symptomatic relief. Therefore, it is recommended that a follow on in-vivo study be conducted using these anthroposophical complexes as treatment and then growing bacterial cultures from swabs taken from the patients’ eyes at various stages of treatment to examine any anti-bacterial effects these complexes may have on Staphylococcus aureus in-vivo.<br>Dr. E. Solomon Dr. S. Arstall

A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the Master's Diploma in Technology: Homoeopathy, Technikon Natal, 1995.<br>The aim of this study was to determine the effect of succussion in the preparation of homoeopathic medicine in terms of the methods of succussion and cell culture growth, in order to identify the relevance of succussion in the preparation of homoeopathic medicine.<br>M

A dissertation in partial compliance with the Master's Diploma in Technology: Homoeopathy, Technikon Natal, 1995.<br>The aim of this study was to establish the effect of cotrimoxazole prepared in conventional form , homoeopathic form and a mixture of both forms, on E. coli and S. aureus in terms of maximum specific growth rate, time taken to reach maximum specific growth rate, maximum cell population and metabolic activity for the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of cotrimoxazole when used in a homoeopathic form. Co-trimoxazole used conventionally, homoeopathically (9CH or 15CH) and a mixture containing the conventional and homoeopathic (9CH or 15CH) forms were compared. The growth of E. coli and aureus in the presence of these medications (added separately) was monitored. Enumeration of colony forming units was conducted at 0 i 6 i 12 i 24 and 48 hours , by the serial dilution - spread plate procedure. This was conducted in triplicate. Enzyme activity was used as an indicator of metabolic activity and was done at times 0 i 12 i 24 and 48 hours. The maximum specific growth rate (MSGR) , time taken to reach maximum specific growth rate were calculated and compared for the various preparations. Enzyme reactions were semiquantitively assessed. The conventional antibiotic decreased cell growth of both E. coli and S. aureus when compared to the control. Inhibition of coli growth was most pronounced after 6 hours and that of S.aureus after times 6 and 48 hours. The MSGR for E. coli showed<br>M

A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Technikon NataI, 1996.<br>Delayed onset muscle stiffness (DOMS), a condition characterised by pain and muscle sti:tfuess, as a result of intense or unaccustomed exercise. The effectiveness of the homoeopathic broad spectrum anti-inflammatory, Traumeel S, in the treatment ofDOMS, acquired after a marathon run, was determined. An experimental single variable design before-and-after with control was used. Thirty males between the ages of 20 and 40 years, with previous running experience, were drawn from marathon nmners in the Durban and Johannesburg area. They were randomly assigned to either a placebo or treatment group. An intramuscular injection was administered into the hamstring muscle before and after the race. The placebo group was injected with a 0.9% saline solution, while the treatment group was injected with Traumeel S. Before and after completion of a 42.2 km marathon run the following parameters were measured: creatine kinase blood levels, the strength and power output of muscles, values of static jump, flexibility and pain and soreness perception. The data was analysed using Statgraphics plus version 6.0 incorporating the Wilcoxin Signed Rank Test for determining the statistical significance within the treatment and placebo group and the Mann-Whitney U-Test for determining statistical significance between the two groups. No significance difference was observed in the rate of recovery from DOMS of both treatment and placebo groups<br>M

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Diploma in Technology in Homeopathy at Technikon Natal, 1995.<br>The purpose of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of a homeopathic remedy prepared from Peronospora parasitica in the treatment of downy mildew on cabbage seedlings by measuring the percentage leaf area infected. Four different homeopathic potencies were used. Three fungicidal and a water treatment serving as controls. Special attention was paid to curative and preventative functions.<br>M

M.Tech. (Homeopathy)<br>The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a mother tincture preparation of Vitex agnus-castus and a hornoeopathic 3x preparation of Vitex agnus-castus in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. A sample of 15 subjects suffering from premenstrual syndrome was selected. The subjects were selected according to the diagnostic criteria of premenstrual syndrome and certain other criteria requtred for the study. The subjects were given questionnaires to complete regarding their medical history and menstrual details. All subjects signed a consent form before participating in the study. The subjects recorded their premenstrual symptoms on a PMS chart over two months. After the diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome was made. the subjects were then randomly divided into three equally sized groups by a neutral homoeopath. The first group received placebo medication. the second received a homoeopathic 3x preparation of Vitex agnus-castus and the third received a mother tincture preparation of Vitex agnus-eastus. Each subject was given Instructions on how and when to take her medication. At no stage did either the researcher or the subjects know which medication they were receiving. The subjects took their medication for three months. during which they continued to record their symptoms daily. After three months. the PMS charts were again collected and the scores compared to the pre-treatment scores. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to statistically analyse the results. The homoeopathic 3x preparation of Vitex agnus-eastus was found to bring about a statistically significant improvement in symptoms. while the mother tincture preparation of Vitex agnus-castus was not. The common name of Vitex agnus-castus used in homoeopathy is Agnus castus. For the sake of consistency. the name Vitex agnus cestus. as used in the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia. shall be used throughout.

M.Tech.<br>It is estimated that 59% of South African adult women and 29% of South African adult men are overweight (Department of Health, 2004). Significant risks arise from being overweight including: elevated cholesterol and the development of cardiovascular disease which increases with a greater gain in weight (Duyff, 2006). There is a lack of sufficient evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of many of the herbal weight-loss products currently available thus indicating that more research on herbal products and their efficacy in weight-loss is required (Lenz and Hamilton, 2004). The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of a herbal complex (Aloe ferox, Fucus vesiculosis, Taraxacum officinale and Trigonella foenum– graecum) as an aid in weight loss in females utilising comparative measurements of the participants’ weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage and circumferential measurements of their hips, waist, thighs, upper arms and abdomen. The study was a quantitative, double blind placebo controlled study. The study involved thirty overweight female participants (BMI 25.5 - 30 kg/m²) between the ages of twenty and thirty five. The participants were recruited by means of advertisement posters placed at the University of Johannesburg, Homoeopathy Health Centre. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of fifteen. One group received the herbal complex (Aloe ferox, Fucus vesiculosis, Taraxacum officinale and Trigonella foenum– graecum) and the other group received the placebo. Participants from both groups attended an initial interview where they were screened by means of a questionnaire and physical examination, including the measurement of their height and weight, calculation of their Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage, as well as the circumferential measurement of their hips, waist, thighs, upper arms and abdomen. Each participant was given a weekly diary and instructed to take fifteen drops of the issued medication three times daily, after meals for the duration of the full eight week study. Participants were examined, weighed, and the measurement of their body circumference and fat percentage were recorded every second week for the duration of the eight week study. Data from each participant was collected and analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). From statistical evaluation, it was determined that the herbal complex (Aloe ferox, Fucus vesiculosis, Taraxacum officinale and Trigonella foenum– graecum) was ineffective as an aid in weight loss in females.

A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Technikon Natal, 1997.<br>Most economically important crop plants may become infected with viruses. Several of these virus diseases are limiting factors in agricultural production and have contributed to serious economic and social hardship in many countries, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Homoeopathic microdoses have been investigated for their role in the control of virus diseases, with good results. However, few of the studies contain statistical analyses. The object of this study was to assess the effect of a homoeopathic preparation of a leaf infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TM Viricum) in the contol of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The potencies used were 6CH, 12CH, 30CH and 200CH. iv Trays of 24 tomato seedlings per tray were the subjects of this study. Tomato plants were systemically infected with TMV. Four trays were used per treatment. There was an uninoculated and an inoculated control group. The rest of the test population was divided into two groups. The<br>M

Thesis (M.Tech.: Homoeopathy)-Dept. of Homoeopathy, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 xvii, 92 leaves ; 30 cm<br>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of topical Homoeopathic preparation, with Selenium sulphide 8X shampoo, in the management of dandruff (Pityriasis Capitis).

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Technikon Natal, 2002.<br>The mode of action of homoeopathic remedies is not well understood and is questioned by the scientific community due to the high degree of dilution of such remedies. The method by which remedies are produced is thought to instill the efficacy into these remedies. This research examines whether effective homoeopathic remedies may be prepared by electromagnetic induction, by serial dilution alone, or by conventional Hahnemannian production, which includes succussion. These methods were investigated in terms of the ability of dilutions of gibberellic acid, prepared by the above methods, to induce production of a-amylase by de-embryonated endosperm halves of barley seed.<br>M

Dissertation submitted in part compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homeopathy, Technikon Natal, Durban, South Africa, 2002.<br>The purpose of this study was to expand on the foundations laid by previous homeopathic research, using controlled agricultural experiments as an objective disease system. More specifically, these trials were to investigate and evaluate the efficacy of a fungicide (Previcur') against homeopathic preparations of a plant pathogenic fungus, Pythium, on seedlings infected with this fungus. Pythium is a worldwide problem and continues to cause substantial crop losses. Few chemical methods are available to control this disease and alternatives are being sought which are more cost-effective, safer for the environment and do not lead to pathogenic resistance. Relatively few trials using Homeopathy in plant pathology have been done to date. Furthermore, many of the earlier trials proved to have little scientific credibility, due to poor methods and insufficient data. More recent trials have shown interesting results, which have opened the doors for further investigation. This study compared the effects of Previcur\xAEagainst Homeopathic preparations of Pythium, on infected cabbage and cucumber seedlings. There were 28 trays for each crop and seven treatments per crop: four Homeopathic treatments (9CH, 15CH, 30CH and 200CH), two controls (one inoculated and the other un-inoculated) and Previcur'. The seedlings were treated twice weekly, using a 2.5ml drench per seedling, and were harvested three weeks after planting. The trial was run twice, in succession. Based on the nature of Pythium and the disease it causes, four parameters were measured in this trial. To assess the germination rate, the seedlings were counted three days after planting, to establish how many had broken the surface soil. To assess survival rate, the seedlings were counted at the time of harvesting. To assess growth, the seedlings were initially weighed wet (immediately after harvesting) and then dry (after 24 hours in an oven at 50\xB0C). The data was analysed by two methods: the General Linear Models Procedure (GLMP) produced ANOVA tables, which compared the variation between the four replicates of each of the seven treatments. The data was also analysed with the Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test, to determine the variation between the seven treatments. The results showed that Previcur®consistently produced the best or second best results, in terms of mean wet and dry weights, which was evident in the statistical analysis. However, a noticeable trend emerged with the 30CH treatment: it provided the lowest mean weights in seven of the eight parameters measured while showing evidence of consistent statistical significance from the other treatments throughout both trials. The implications were that this treatment had either enhanced the disease process or had suppressed plant growth. Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test, to determine the variation between the seven treatments. This trial raised issues regarding the effects of homeopathy on disease, as well as the internal mechanisms of disease control within plant structures. Further research into this area is encouraged, to further the platform already laid by statistically valid trials done thus far.<br>M

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, 2011.<br>‘Cigarette smoking is a modern day epidemic that poses a substantial health burden’, it has been proven that smokers die on average fourteen years earlier than non smokers as a direct result of their smoking. An abundance of evidence indicates that the health risks associated with cigarette smoking can however be reversed with a sufficient period of abstinence. Thus achieving life-long abstinence must be a health priority for both developing and developed countries (Caponnetto &, Polosa, 2008). Over 80% of smokers express a desire to stop smoking and 35% of them try to stop each year. However, less than 5% are successful in un-aided attempts to quit (American Psychiatric Association, 1995). The greatest challenge facing smokers who wish to quit are nicotine withdrawal symptoms; these include dysphoric or depressed mood, insomnia, irritability, frustration, anger, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, decreased heart rate and increased appetite or weight gain (American Psychiatric Association, 1995). The aim of this double blind placebo controlled quantitative study was to determine the effectiveness of a homoeopathic complex (Caladium seguinum 30 CH, Nux vomica 30 CH and Staphysagria delphinium 30 CH); a tautopathic preparation and the combined effect thereof, in the treatment of nicotine withdrawal syndrome as determined by the Tolerance Dependence Questionnaire, Smoking History and Perceptions of Treatment Questionnaire. Methodology Forty participants recruited by means of convenience sampling were randomly and equally divided into one of four treatment groups, namely tautopathic group, homoeopathic group, combined tautopathic and homoeopathic group and placebo group. The duration of the study was 2 weeks and two consultations with each participant were conducted. The respective interventions were administered in oral spray format; participants were asked to spray their respective preparations directly into their mouth three times daily and to repeat the dose whenever they had a craving for a cigarette. iv Measurements in the form of the Tolerance Dependence Questionnaire (Appendix D), Perceptions of Treatment Questionnaire (Appendix H), and Smoking History (Appendix G) were used to quantify response to treatment. Non-parametric statistical analysis was conducted to analyse the data. Results All four research groups experienced a statistically significant reduction in the amount of cigarettes smoked, favourable perceptions of their response to treatment and improved tolerance. Statistically however when the groups were compared with each other they were similar with respect to their tolerance to nicotine, perception of response to treatment and reduction in amount smoked. Although interventions were statistically similar in terms of effectiveness, the data does suggest that Tautopathy as an intervention warrants exploration. The Tautopathic group achieved the highest reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked when comparing medians (11 less smoked per day), achieved the highest percentage of participants who experienced reduced cravings, and the highest percentage of participants who would continue using the intervention (90% respectively) as well as improvements in 6/9 variables of the Tolerance Dependence Questionnaire. Conclusions The study concludes that each of the four subject groups (including placebo) proved to be successful in aiding the participant to cease smoking. The results showed a significantly positive perception of the participants to the interventions used. The influence of the placebo effect however was very evident in this study; in addition other factors such as the unique method of administration of the medication (oral spray format on demand) the Hawthorn effect and the participants’ desire/commitment to quit smoking may have contributed to the positive results obtained. Notwithstanding the above and although not statistically significant; positive trends within the data do suggest that the Tautopathic approach used in this study should be further investigated in future.

A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in technology: Homoeopathy, Technikon Natal, 1999.<br>The most common and difficult insect to control in the greenhouse is the whitefly. Sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) was the species of whitefly selected to be investigated in this trial. Sweetpotato whitefly is a major pest on a variety of plants, ranging from ornamental flowers to agricultural crops such as tomato and cotton, resulting in important financial losses. Effective control options of sweetpotato whitefly are limited.<br>M