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Journal articles on the topic 'Homeotherapy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

YANG, J. J., M. H. JI, J. SUN, and Y. G. PENG. "Levosimendan for treatment of septic shock: homeotherapy or inadequate therapy?" Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 55, no. 9 (September 8, 2011): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02503.x.

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2

Кулемзина and T. Kulemzina. "Doctors’ rehabilitation from a position of psychosomatic medicine." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 9, no. 4 (December 8, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17073.

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This article deals with the doctors working in conditions of combat situation. Stressors, effecting on civilian physician in ordinary everyday practical work within the profession are differ from those in combat. Since civilian doctors are in the same combat conditions as other soldiers, they are also exposed to combat stressors specific and non-specific to the combat situation. Civilian doctors in a combat situation, often neglected the risk, assess it inappropriately, violate well-established discipline, as the task of providing emergency assistance reaches. In this context, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the complexity of the use of nonpharmacological methods in psychosomatic disorders in civilian doctors performing their responsibilities in the combat situations. Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive measures were determined on the basis of a holistic approach to patients. The authors used the methods of reflexology, homeotherapy and practical psychology (holodynamics). Therapeutic process was planned in such a way as to reduce the risk of exacerbations, particularly during combined use of methods, as it was the limited by time factor.

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3

Bligh, John. "Mammalian homeothermy: an integrative thesis." Journal of Thermal Biology 23, no. 3-4 (June 1998): 143–258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4565(98)00014-x.

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4

Ibraimov, Abyt. "Cell thermoregulation and origin of homeothermic animals." Current Research in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1, no. 1 (July 23, 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33702/crbmb.2019.1.1.3.

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Temperature has a fundamental influence in all chemical and biochemical reactions. It influences reaction rates, equilibrium amounts, viscosity, solubility, molecular arrangements and numeric other parameters. Temperature is important for all physiological processes. Maintaining the relative constancy of the internal temperature (temperature homeostasis) is a necessary condition for normal life. Some living beings maintain temperature homeostasis in the body due to external sources of energy (poikilothermy), others due to the energy of food consumption (homeothermy). However, it is unknown the origin of homeothermic organisms. Despite the fundamental similarity of the mechanisms of the central organ-based physiological thermoregulation, even among the higher vertebrates exists poikilothermy and homeothermy animals. It is assumed that homeothermy is not the result of the evolution of physiological mechanisms of thermoregulation. Homeothermy is the result of the evolution of non-coding DNAs in the genome, some of which formed the so-called chromosomal heterochromatin regions (HRs). Chromosomal HRs constitutes the material basis of cell thermoregulation, which is responsible for the removal of excess thermal energy from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Homeothermic organisms, unlike poikilotherms capable of faster and more efficient leveling of temperature difference between the nucleus and the cytoplasm with all the ensuing consequences.

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5

Nagy, Z. Michael. "Development of homeothermy in infant C3H mice." Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 31, no. 3 (March 1993): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03337329.

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6

Goldman, Kenneth J., Scot D. Anderson, Robert J. Latour, and John A. Musick. "Homeothermy in adult salmon sharks, Lamna ditropis." Environmental Biology of Fishes 71, no. 4 (December 2004): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-004-6588-9.

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7

Mole, Michael A., Shaun Rodrigues DÁraujo, Rudi J. van Aarde, Duncan Mitchell, and Andrea Fuller. "Savanna elephants maintain homeothermy under African heat." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 188, no. 5 (July 14, 2018): 889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-018-1170-5.

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8

Mitchell, Duncan, Andrea Fuller, and Shane K. Maloney. "Homeothermy and primate bipedalism: Is water shortage or solar radiation the main threat to baboon (Papio hamadryas) homeothermy?" Journal of Human Evolution 56, no. 5 (May 2009): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.03.003.

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9

Watson, JM, and JAM Graves. "Monotreme Cell-Cycles and the Evolution of Homeothermy." Australian Journal of Zoology 36, no. 5 (1988): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9880573.

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We have studied the effects of temperature on the phases of the cell cycle in cells derived from the monotreme mammals, platypus and echidna, which have the unusually low body temperature of 32�C. We report here that M phase and the cycle time conform to expectations, but in the case of cycle time this is due to different effects of high and low temperatures on GI, G2 and S phases. The finding that the G2 and S phases apparently have an inverse linear relationship with temperature up to 37�C (the upper lethal temperature) suggests that the low body temperature of the monotremes is not primitive, but rather has been the result of a lowering of the body temperature during their evolutionary history.

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Harjunpää, Sanna, and Kirsti Rouvinen-Watt. "The development of homeothermy in mink (Mustela vison)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 137, no. 2 (February 2004): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2003.10.015.

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11

Levesque, D. L., and B. G. Lovegrove. "Increased homeothermy during reproduction in a basal placental mammal." Journal of Experimental Biology 217, no. 9 (February 5, 2014): 1535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.098848.

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12

Brown, Mark, and Colleen T. Downs. "Development of homeothermy in hatchling crowned plovers Vanellus coronatus." Journal of Thermal Biology 27, no. 2 (April 2002): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4565(01)00019-5.

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13

Ivanov, K. P. "The development of the concepts of homeothermy and thermoregulation." Journal of Thermal Biology 31, no. 1-2 (January 2006): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2005.12.005.

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14

Trethowan, Paul D., Tom Hart, Andrew J. Loveridge, Anna Haw, Andrea Fuller, and David W. Macdonald. "Improved homeothermy and hypothermia in African lions during gestation." Biology Letters 12, no. 11 (November 2016): 20160645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0645.

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Mammals use endogenously produced heat to maintain a high and relatively constant core body temperature ( T b ). How they regulate their T b during reproduction might inform us as to what thermal conditions are necessary for optimal development of offspring. However, few studies have measured T b in free-ranging animals for sufficient periods of time to encounter reproductive events. We measured T b continuously in six free-ranging adult female African lions ( Panthera leo ) for approximately 1 year. Lions reduced the 24 h amplitude of T b by about 25% during gestation and decreased mean 24 h T b by 1.3 ± 0.1°C over the course of the gestation, reducing incidences of hyperthermia ( T b > 39.5°C). The observation of improved homeothermy during reproduction may support the parental care model (PCM) for the evolution of endothermy, which postulates that endothermy arose in birds and mammals as a consequence of more general selection for parental care. According to the PCM, endothermy arose because it enabled parents to better control incubation temperature, leading to rapid growth and development of offspring and thus to fitness benefits for the parents. Whether the precision of T b regulation in pregnant lions, and consequently their reproductive success, will be influenced by changing environmental conditions, particularly hotter and drier periods associated with climate change, remains to be determined.

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15

Gordon, Christopher J. "Homeothermy: Does it impede the response to cellular injury?" Journal of Thermal Biology 21, no. 1 (February 1996): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(95)00017-8.

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16

Gabaldón, Annette M., David A. Gavel, Jock S. Hamilton, Roger B. McDonald, and Barbara A. Horwitz. "Norepinephrine release in brown adipose tissue remains robust in cold-exposed senescent Fischer 344 rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 285, no. 1 (July 2003): R91—R98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00494.2002.

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Near the end of life, old F344 rats undergo a transition, marked by spontaneous and rapidly declining function. Food intake and body weight decrease, and these rats, which we call senescent, develop severe hypothermia in the cold due in part to blunted brown fat [brown adipose tissue (BAT)] thermogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that this attenuation may involve diminished sympathetic signaling by measuring cold-induced BAT norepinephrine release in freely moving rats using linear microdialysis probes surgically implanted into interscapular BAT 24 and 48 h previously. In response to 2 h at 15°C, senescent rats increased BAT norepinephrine release 6- to 10-fold but did not maintain homeothermy. This increase was comparable to that of old presenescent (weight stable) rats that did maintain homeothermy during even greater cold exposure (2 h at 15°C followed by 1.5 h at 8°C). Tail temperatures, an index of vasoconstrictor responsiveness to cold, exhibited similar cooling curves in presenescent and senescent rats. Thus cold-induced sympathetic signaling to BAT and tail vasoconstrictor responsiveness remain robust in senescent rats and cannot explain their cold-induced hypothermia.

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17

Ricklefs, R. E. "Characterizing the Development of Homeothermy by Rate of Body Cooling." Functional Ecology 1, no. 2 (1987): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389719.

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18

Brown, C. R., and R. P. Prys-Jones. "Development of homeothermy in chicks of sub-Antarctic burrowing petrels." South African Journal of Zoology 23, no. 4 (January 1988): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1988.11448114.

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19

STEEN, J. B., and G. W. GABRIELSEN. "The development of homeothermy in common eider ducklings (Somateria mollissima)." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 132, no. 4 (April 1988): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1988.tb08365.x.

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20

Maloney, Shane K. "Thermoregulation in ratites: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 10 (2008): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08142.

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Laboratory and free-ranging studies on the emu, ostrich and kiwi show ratites to be competent homeotherms. While body temperature and basal metabolic rate are lower in ratites than other birds, all of the thermoregulatory adaptations present in other birds are well established in ratites. The thermoneutral zone has been established for the emu and kiwi, and extends to 10°C. Below that zone, homeothermy is achieved via the efficient use of insulation and elevated metabolic heat production. In the heat, emus and ostriches increase respiratory evaporative water loss and use some cutaneous water loss. Respiratory alkalosis is avoided by reducing tidal volume. In severe heat, tidal volume increases, but the emu becomes hypoxic and hypocapnic, probably by altering blood flow to the parabronchi, resulting in ventilation/perfusion inhomogeneities. Ostriches are capable of uncoupling brain temperature from arterial blood temperature, a phenomenon termed selective brain cooling. This mechanism may modulate evaporative effector responses by manipulating hypothalamic temperature, as in mammals. The implications of thermal physiology for ratite production systems include elevated metabolic costs for homeothermy at low ambient temperature. However, the emu and ostrich are well adapted to high environmental temperatures.

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21

Koga, Kimiya, Satoshi Shiraishi, and Teruaki Uchida. "Acquisition of Homeothermy in the Black-eared Kite, Milvus migrans lineatus." Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 33, no. 3/4 (March 1989): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5109/23934.

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22

Bech, Claus. "Growth and Development of Homeothermy in Nestling European Shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis)." Auk 118, no. 4 (October 2001): 983–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4089847.

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23

Spiers, D. E., and E. R. Adair. "Ontogeny of homeothermy in the immature rat: metabolic and thermal responses." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 1190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.4.1190.

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Steady-state thermoregulatory responses were measured in the immature rat at 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 days of age. Tests were conducted at controlled ambient temperatures (Ta) ranging from 22.5 to 37.0 degrees C. Colonic (Tco) and skin (tail, interscapular, abdominal) temperatures were measured, as was O2 consumption from which metabolic rate (M) was calculated. Significant improvements in homeothermic ability occurred from 5 to 19 days of age. Although the resting level of M (RMR) increased by 6.9 W/m2 and the lower Ta limit for RMR (LCT) decreased by 2.5 degrees C as age advanced from 5 to 19 days, Tco at LCT was 36.8–37.1 degrees C at all ages studied. Below LCT the elevation of M to a given decrease in Tco was greater the older the animal. A comparable response to a change in skin temperature was not age dependent. Improvement in thermal insulation was the primary factor responsible for increases in homeothermic ability between 5 and 19 days of age.

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24

Lindgren, Johan, Peter Sjövall, Volker Thiel, Wenxia Zheng, Shosuke Ito, Kazumasa Wakamatsu, Rolf Hauff, et al. "Soft-tissue evidence for homeothermy and crypsis in a Jurassic ichthyosaur." Nature 564, no. 7736 (December 2018): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0775-x.

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25

Yahav, Shlomo, and Rochelle Buffenstein. "Huddling Behavior Facilitates Homeothermy in the Naked Mole Rat Heterocephalus glaber." Physiological Zoology 64, no. 3 (May 1991): 871–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/physzool.64.3.30158212.

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26

Østnes, Jan Eivind, BjØrn Munro Jenssen, Claus Bech, and D. Nettleship. "Growth and Development of Homeothermy in Nestling European Shags (Phalacrocorax Aristotelis)." Auk 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 983–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.4.983.

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Abstract European Shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) nestlings were studied on a small island off the coast of central Norway. Increase in body mass (BM) with age (t, days) was described by the logistic equation: BM = 1,622 g/[1 + e−0.172(t−19.9)]. All growth parameters measured (body mass, and length of tarsus, wing and head) showed highest relative growth rate when the nestlings were 5–10 days old, that is, before the nestlings had achieved homeothermy. An incipient endothermic response was noted when nestlings were 9 days old, and they became homeothermic at ages of 15–18 days. Respective mass-specific resting metabolic rates for nestlings 0, 15, and 45 days old were 47, 261, and 147% of the predicted value for adult nonpasserine birds of similar body masses. Mass-specific minimal thermal conductance decreased from 366% of predicted adult value at hatching, to 220% of that predicted when nestlings were 21 days old. For nestlings 15 days old, the factorial metabolic scope (resting metabolic rate/peak metabolic rate) was only 1.5, but that increased rapidly thereafter. Rapid increase in the mass-specific RMR and decrease in minimal thermal conductance is suggested to contribute importantly to improve homeothermic ability during the first two weeks of the developmental period. At hatching, leg and pectoral muscles constituted 5.3 and 2.2%, respectively, of total wet body mass. Relative leg-muscle mass increased rapidly and had almost reached adult proportions when the nestlings were 25–30 days old. In contrast, pectoral-muscle mass increased in an almost direct proportion to the body mass during the first 30 days of the growth period, and increased rapidly thereafter. At hatching, the water fraction (water content/lipid-free wet mass) was significantly lower in the leg than in the pectoral muscles (0.920 vs. 0.931). The water fraction of leg muscles also remained lower during the entire growth period. Judging from the proportionately greater mass and higher degree of maturity of the leg compared to pectoral muscles, the former would seem to be the main site of cold-induced heat production during early development of homeothermy in European Shag nestlings.

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27

Mahan, James R., and Dan R. Upchurch. "Maintenance of constant leaf temperature by plants—I. Hypothesis-limited homeothermy." Environmental and Experimental Botany 28, no. 4 (October 1988): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-8472(88)90059-7.

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28

Potter, K., G. Davidowitz, and H. A. Woods. "Insect eggs protected from high temperatures by limited homeothermy of plant leaves." Journal of Experimental Biology 212, no. 21 (October 16, 2009): 3448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.033365.

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29

Visser, G. Henk, and Robert E. Ricklefs. "Relationship between Body Composition and Homeothermy in Neonates of Precocial and Semiprecocial Birds." Auk 112, no. 1 (January 1995): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4088778.

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30

Moe, B., S. Brunvoll, D. Mork, T. E. Brobakk, and C. Bech. "Does food shortage delay development of homeothermy in European shag nestlings (Phalacrocorax aristotelis)?" Journal of Comparative Physiology B 175, no. 1 (November 23, 2004): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-004-0458-9.

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31

Rowan, T. G. "Thermoregulation in neonatal ruminants." BSAP Occasional Publication 15 (1992): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00004055.

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AbstractThis review is directed to thermoregulation in ruminants relative to weather and husbandry conditions of the United Kingdom in which the principal ruminant species are cattle and sheep. The main thermoregulatory demands for neonates, but not necessarily for older animals, are posed by cold rather than heat. Thermoregulation is critical to the survival of neonatal ruminants. On many farms, neonatal deaths are, for example, 20% of lambs born. Neonatal ruminants are precocial compared with many altrical neonatal mammals and have well developed thermoregulation which allows them to maintain homeothermy in many environments. However, at birth the neonatal ruminant moves from a very stable thermal environment, of similar temperature to its core body temperature, to a variable thermal environment which is 10 to 50°C colder than its core temperature. At birth the coat is wet and energy losses can be very high. To maintain homeothermy, heat production can usually be increased 3- to 5-fold above resting heat production. However, there are only limited quantities of tissue substrates available for this and the early intake of sufficient colostrum by the newborn is essential to continued heat production and survival. Nutrition in early and late pregnancy also affects the viability of, at least, young lambs: placental insufficiency may cause chronic prenatal hypoglycaemia and hypoxaemia which, postnatally, inhibits spontaneous respiration and restricts heat production. In calves, dystocia may cause acidosis and decreased heat production.The principal thermoregulatory mechanisms and some factors which affect their efficiency in newborn calves and lambs are presented, with consideration of the limitations of lower critical temperatures.

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32

Hindle, Allyson G., Katharine R. Grabek, L. Elaine Epperson, Anis Karimpour-Fard, and Sandra L. Martin. "Metabolic changes associated with the long winter fast dominate the liver proteome in 13-lined ground squirrels." Physiological Genomics 46, no. 10 (May 15, 2014): 348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00190.2013.

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Small-bodied hibernators partition the year between active homeothermy and hibernating heterothermy accompanied by fasting. To define molecular events underlying hibernation that are both dependent and independent of fasting, we analyzed the liver proteome among two active and four hibernation states in 13-lined ground squirrels. We also examined fall animals transitioning between fed homeothermy and fasting heterothermy. Significantly enriched pathways differing between activity and hibernation were biased toward metabolic enzymes, concordant with the fuel shifts accompanying fasting physiology. Although metabolic reprogramming to support fasting dominated these data, arousing (rewarming) animals had the most distinct proteome among the hibernation states. Instead of a dominant metabolic enzyme signature, torpor-arousal cycles featured differences in plasma proteins and intracellular membrane traffic and its regulation. Phosphorylated NSFL1C, a membrane regulator, exhibited this torpor-arousal cycle pattern; its role in autophagosome formation may promote utilization of local substrates upon metabolic reactivation in arousal. Fall animals transitioning to hibernation lagged in their proteomic adjustment, indicating that the liver is more responsive than preparatory to the metabolic reprogramming of hibernation. Specifically, torpor use had little impact on the fall liver proteome, consistent with a dominant role of nutritional status. In contrast to our prediction of reprogramming the transition between activity and hibernation by gene expression and then within-hibernation transitions by posttranslational modification (PTM), we found extremely limited evidence of reversible PTMs within torpor-arousal cycles. Rather, acetylation contributed to seasonal differences, being highest in winter (specifically in torpor), consistent with fasting physiology and decreased abundance of the mitochondrial deacetylase, SIRT3.

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33

Barrick, Reese E., and William J. Showers. "Oxygen isotope variability in juvenile dinosaurs (Hypacrosaurus): evidence for thermoregulation." Paleobiology 21, no. 4 (1995): 552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300013531.

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Small terrestrial vertebrates are not capable of maintaining a constant body temperature (±2°C) without a relatively high metabolism. The amount of temperature variability during bone growth can be determined using oxygen isotopes from bone phosphate because fractionation of oxygen isotopes between body fluid and bone phosphate is dependent upon temperature. Fluctuation of body temperature during the early phase of growth in juvenile ectotherms should result in high intra- and interbone isotopic variability, whereas juvenile endotherms should have low isotopic variability resulting from the maintenance of homeothermy. Analyses of juvenile Hypacrosaurus individuals indicate a pattern of low isotopic heterogeneity suggestive of endothermy.

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34

Silva, J. Enrique. "Thermogenic Mechanisms and Their Hormonal Regulation." Physiological Reviews 86, no. 2 (April 2006): 435–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00009.2005.

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Increased heat generation from biological processes is inherent to homeothermy. Homeothermic species produce more heat from sustaining a more active metabolism as well as from reducing fuel efficiency. This article reviews the mechanisms used by homeothermic species to generate more heat and their regulation largely by thyroid hormone (TH) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Thermogenic mechanisms antecede homeothermy, but in homeothermic species they are activated and regulated. Some of these mechanisms increase ATP utilization (same amount of heat per ATP), whereas others increase the heat resulting from aerobic ATP synthesis (more heat per ATP). Among the former, ATP utilization in the maintenance of ionic gradient through membranes seems quantitatively more important, particularly in birds. Regulated reduction of the proton-motive force to produce heat, originally believed specific to brown adipose tissue, is indeed an ancient thermogenic mechanism. A regulated proton leak has been described in the mitochondria of several tissues, but its precise mechanism remains undefined. This leak is more active in homeothermic species and is regulated by TH, explaining a significant fraction of its thermogenic effect. Homeothermic species generate additional heat, in a facultative manner, when obligatory thermogenesis and heat-saving mechanisms become limiting. Facultative thermogenesis is activated by the SNS but is modulated by TH. The type II iodothyronine deiodinase plays a critical role in modulating the amount of the active TH, T3, in BAT, thereby modulating the responses to SNS. Other hormones affect thermogenesis in an indirect or permissive manner, providing fuel and modulating thermogenesis depending on food availability, but they do not seem to have a primary role in temperature homeostasis. Thermogenesis has a very high energy cost. Cold adaptation and food availability may have been conflicting selection pressures accounting for the variability of thermogenesis in humans.

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35

Surmik, Dawid, and Andrzej Pelc. "Geochemical Methods of Inference the Thermoregulatory Strategies in Middle Triassic Marine Reptiles – A Pilot Study." Contemporary Trends in Geoscience 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ctg-2012-0013.

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Abstract The oxygen stable isotopes investigation to elucidate thermoregulatory strategies in Middle Triassic basal sauropterygians is currently ongoing at University of Silesia and University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska. The results of similar studies on Late Mesozoic marine reptiles indicate that some of fully aquatic reptiles like plesiosaurs or ichthyosaurs could be warm-blooded animals. Our investigation is an important part of the aim of the research project "The Marine and Terrestrial reptiles in the Middle Triassic environmental background of Southern Poland" to solve the thermoregulation issue in basal marine reptiles and show how, and when did homoiothermy evolve in Sauropterygia.. Homeothermy and gigantothermy were important physiological adaptations which allowed sauropterygian ancestors to leave the shores and conquer the open seas and oceans.

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36

Darwish, R. A., and T. A. M. Ashmawy. "The impact of lambing stress on post-parturient behaviour of sheep with consequences on neonatal homeothermy and survival." Theriogenology 76, no. 6 (October 2011): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.04.028.

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37

Façanha, Débora Andréa Evangelista, Josiel Ferreira, Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira, Talyta Lins Nunes, Maria Gláucia Carlos de Oliveira, José Ernandes Rufino de Sousa, and Valéria Veras de Paula. "Are locally adapted goats able to recover homeothermy, acid-base and electrolyte equilibrium in a semi-arid region?" Journal of Thermal Biology 90 (May 2020): 102593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102593.

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38

Leite, Jacinara Hody Gurgel Morais, Roberto Gomes Da Silva, Wallace Sostene Tavares da Silva, Wilma Emanuela da Silva, Renato Diógenes Macedo Paiva, José Ernandes Rufino Sousa, Luis Alberto Bermejo Asensio, and Débora Andrea Evangelista Façanha. "Locally adapted Brazilian ewes with different coat colors maintain homeothermy during the year in an equatorial semiarid environment." International Journal of Biometeorology 62, no. 9 (July 12, 2018): 1635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-018-1563-x.

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39

Mujahid, Ahmad, and Mitsuhiro Furuse. "Homeothermy in neonatal chicks exposed to low environmental temperature with or without intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor." FEBS Letters 582, no. 20 (August 6, 2008): 3052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2008.07.050.

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40

Röszer, Tamás. "Co-Evolution of Breast Milk Lipid Signaling and Thermogenic Adipose Tissue." Biomolecules 11, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111705.

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Breastfeeding is a unique and defining behavior of mammals and has a fundamental role in nourishing offspring by supplying a lipid-rich product that is utilized to generate heat and metabolic fuel. Heat generation from lipids is a feature of newborn mammals and is mediated by the uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration in specific fat depots. Breastfeeding and thermogenic adipose tissue have a shared evolutionary history: both have evolved in the course of homeothermy evolution; breastfeeding mammals are termed “thermolipials”, meaning “animals with warm fat”. Beyond its heat-producing capacity, thermogenic adipose tissue is also necessary for proper lipid metabolism and determines adiposity in offspring. Recent advances have demonstrated that lipid metabolism in infants is orchestrated by breast milk lipid signals, which establish mother-to-child signaling and control metabolic development in the infant. Breastfeeding rates are declining worldwide, and are paralleled by an alarming increase in childhood obesity, which at least in part may have its roots in the impaired metabolic control by breast milk lipid signals.

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Rey, Benjamin, Andrea Fuller, Duncan Mitchell, Leith C. R. Meyer, and Robyn S. Hetem. "Drought-induced starvation of aardvarks in the Kalahari: an indirect effect of climate change." Biology Letters 13, no. 7 (July 2017): 20170301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0301.

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Aardvarks ( Orycteropus afer ) are elusive burrowing mammals, predominantly nocturnal and distributed widely throughout Africa except for arid deserts. Their survival may be threatened by climate change via direct and indirect effects of increasing heat and aridity. To measure their current physiological plasticity, we implanted biologgers into six adult aardvarks resident in the semi-arid Kalahari. Following a particularly dry and hot summer, five of the study aardvarks and 11 other aardvarks at the study site died. Body temperature records revealed homeothermy (35.4–37.2°C) initially, but heterothermy increased progressively through the summer, with declining troughs in the nychthemeral rhythm of body temperature reaching as low as 25°C before death, likely due to starvation. Activity patterns shifted from the normal nocturnal to a diurnal mode. Our results do not bode well for the future of aardvarks facing climate change. Extirpation of aardvarks, which play a key role as ecosystem engineers, may disrupt stability of African ecosystems.

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Ferreira, Josiel, Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira, José Ernandes Rufino de Sousa, Angela Maria de Vasconcelos, Magda Maria Guilhermino, and Débora Andréa Evangelista Façanha. "Evaluation of homeothermy, acid-base and electrolytic balance of black goats and ewes in an equatorial semi-arid environment." Journal of Thermal Biology 100 (August 2021): 103027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103027.

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Rodrigues, Ladyanne R., Dermeval A. Furtado, Fernando G. P. Costa, José W. B. do Nascimento, and Evaldo de A. Cardoso. "Thermal comfort index, physiological variables and performance of quails fed with protein reduction." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 4 (April 2016): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n4p378-384.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effects of environment and electrolyte balance on environmental, physiological and productive indices of Japanese quails. For the experiment, 288 quails were distributed in a randomized block design with six treatments and six replicates of eight birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of one basal feed with 20.0% of crude protein (CP) and the others with a reduction of 3.0% CP to achieve six electrolyte balance levels (166.54; 153.47; 139.63; 139.63; 117.13 and 166.49). As to the environment, there was an increase in air temperature and temperature-humidity index at the hottest hours of the day, causing discomfort to the birds, which increased respiratory rate, but with the maintenance of homeothermy. Differences were observed in feed consumption, water consumption, production, weight of eggs and mass of eggs, due to the electrolyte levels in the feed. For feed conversion, both per mass and per dozen of eggs, there was no statistical difference. The electrolyte balance and environmental indices at the hottest hours of the day did not affect quail production.

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Barnabé, Janice M. C., Héliton Pandorfi, Nicoly F. Gomes, Marco A. C. Holanda, Mônica C. R. Holanda, and José L. S. Carvalho Filho. "Performance of growing pigs subjected to lighting programs in climate-controlled environments." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 24, no. 9 (September 2020): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n9p616-621.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the thermal comfort, physiological responses and performance of pigs in the growth phase, subjected to supplemental lighting programs in air-conditioned environments, in semiarid region of Pernambuco state, Brazil. Twenty-seven pigs (3/4 Duroc, ¼ Pietrain) were subjected to pens with no climate control, pens with forced ventilation and pens with adiabatic evaporative cooling, associated with 12 h of natural light, 12 h of natural light + 4 h of artificial light and 12 h of natural light + 6 h of artificial light. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement with three repetitions. Meteorological responses, physiological responses and performance variables of the animals were recorded. The evaporative cooling system attenuated the action of the stressors and ensured adequate thermal conditions for the animals. Respiratory rate and rectal temperature indicated that evaporative cooling ensured the maintenance of homeothermy. Weight gain and feed conversion were positively influenced for the animals exposed to evaporative cooling, but without significant effect of lighting programs.

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Sellayah, Dyan, and Devanjan Sikder. "Orexin Restores Aging-Related Brown Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Male Mice." Endocrinology 155, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1629.

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The aging process causes an increase in percent body fat, but the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study we examined the impact of aging on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity as potential cause for the increase in adiposity. We show that aging is associated with interscapular BAT morphologic abnormalities and thermogenic dysfunction. In vitro experiments revealed that brown adipocyte differentiation is defective in aged mice. Interscapular brown tissue in aged mice is progressively populated by adipocytes bearing white morphologic characteristics. Aged mice fail to mobilize intracellular fuel reserves from brown adipocytes and exhibit deficiency in homeothermy. Our results suggest a role for orexin (OX) signaling in the regulation of thermogenesis during aging. Brown fat dysfunction and age-related assimilation of fat mass were accelerated in mice in which OX-producing neurons were ablated. Conversely, OX injections in old mice increased multilocular morphology, increased core body temperature, improved cold tolerance, and reduced adiposity. These results argue that BAT can be targeted for interventions to reverse age-associated increase in fat mass.

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Kaneko, Yayoi, Chris Newman, Christina D. Buesching, and David W. Macdonald. "Variations in Badger (Meles meles) Sett Microclimate: Differential Cub Survival between Main and Subsidiary Setts, with Implications for Artificial Sett Construction." International Journal of Ecology 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/859586.

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Maintaining homeothermy is essential for mammals, but has considerable energetic costs. In this study, we monitored the internal conditions of setts within five European badger (Meles meles) social groups during the cub-rearing season, that is, February to July, in 2004. Sett temperature showed substantial and significant variation over this period, while relative humidity remained stable throughout. Microclimate was least stable during the period for which cubs remain entirely below ground between February and April; however here the instrumented main sett demonstrated a much warmer and more stable temperature regime than did nearby subsidiary outliers. We thus postulate that the energy budget of reproducing females could be affected by even small temperature fluctuations, militating for optimal sett choice. For comparison we also report microclimatic data from two artificial setts and found them to be markedly inferior in terms of thermal insulative properties, suggesting that man-made setts may need more careful consideration in both thermal and spatial setts network in each territory to adequately compensate the loss (e.g., destruction due to development) of a natural sett, especially as a breeding den.

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Ruben, John A., Albert F. Bennett, and Frederick L. Hisaw. "Selective factors in the origin of the mammalian diaphragm." Paleobiology 13, no. 1 (1987): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300008575.

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The origin of endothermic homeothermy and of high metabolic rate in mammals is currently believed to be the result of early (Mesozoic) selection in advanced cynodont therapsids and/or early mammals for either (1) enhanced thermoregulatory capacity or (2) increased powers of endurance and stamina. Selective factors underlying the origin of specialized respiration/ventilation-support systems in mammals are possible indices of the validity of these two hypotheses. One such support structure is the diaphragm, a specialized muscle that facilitates lung ventilation. We tested capacity for maintenance of resting metabolic rate, thermoregulation, and for extended, intense exercise in laboratory rats (Rattus rattus) in which diaphragm function had been completely ablated. The results were virtual elimination of aeroboic scope (active metabolic rate — resting metabolic rate) but resting metabolic rate was unaffected. Thermoregulatory capacity was unimpaired to at least 8° below lower critical temperature. These and other data suggest that the origin of the mammalian diaphragm, as well as mammalian metabolic rates, may have been related to selection for greater levels of sustainable activity rather than for functions associated with thermoregulation.

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Wassmuth, R., A. Löer, and H. J. Langholz. "Vigour of lambs newly born to outdoor wintering ewes." Animal Science 72, no. 1 (February 2001): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800055661.

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AbstractThe aim of the present investigation was, to examine whether outdoor wintering of lambing ewes is a successful and animal friendly production system. The welfare and growth performance of winterborn lambs in outdoor husbandry were assessed in two winter periods (1995/96, 1996/97) when a total of 353 lambs were born into three different husbandry systems. System 1 consisted of 75 lambs from 26 (winter 1) and 29 (winter 2) ewes and was wintered outdoors with access to a lambing shelter with a straw bedded floor. System 2 included 120 lambs from 52 (winter 1) and 54 (winter 2) ewes which were born in an uninsulated barn with access to an outdoor yard. System 3 was kept in an uninsulated barn with no access to the outside and consisted of 158 lambs from 52 (winter 1) and 54 (winter 2) ewes. The lambs were of five different genetic origins which were equally distributed over the three husbandry systems. The genetic groups included purebreds from the hardy ‘Rhönschaf’ (RHO) and from the ‘German Blackface’ (GBF) mutton breed and the reciprocal crosses of these breeds (GBF ✕ RHO, RHO ✕ GBF). The fifth group were crossbreds between rams of the small-framed French mutton breed ‘Charmoise’ (CHA) and Rhönschaf-ewes (CHA ✕ RHO). The time period between parturition and first standing (‘time to stand’) and the time period from birth to first sucking (‘time to suck’) were considered as vigour traits. Vigour was visually assessed and scored. The rectal temperature was measured 3 h post partum. Live-weight gains were estimated from birth to 25 and 42 days of life. No differences between the different husbandry systems were observed in the measured traits. Outdoor-born lambs showed the same vigour and were able to maintain homeothermy as well as those born indoors. Ewes sought the shelter prior to lambing which might have favoured the early vigour of lambs and thus, their ability to maintain homeothermy. The visually assessed vigour score was in good accordance with the vigour traits time to stand and time to suck. The breed of the ewe had a significant effect on lamb vigour, lambs from hardy RHO ewes showing a better vigour than lambs from GBF ewes. Hybrid vigour estimates of time to stand and time to suck were 0·17 and 0·20, respectively, but were not statistically significant.Crossbred lambs between GBF and CHA mutton rams and hardy RHO ewes had a good vitality and growth performance. Outdoor wintering with a lambing shelter did not adversely influence survival of newborn lambs or their subsequent growth performance.

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Kurbel, Sven. "Hypothesis of homeothermy evolution on isolated South China Craton that moved from equator to cold north latitudes 250–200Myr ago." Journal of Theoretical Biology 340 (January 2014): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.09.018.

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Cliffe, Rebecca Naomi, David Michael Scantlebury, Sarah Jane Kennedy, Judy Avey-Arroyo, Daniel Mindich, and Rory Paul Wilson. "The metabolic response of the Bradypus sloth to temperature." PeerJ 6 (September 19, 2018): e5600. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5600.

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Poikilotherms and homeotherms have different, well-defined metabolic responses to ambient temperature (Ta), but both groups have high power costs at high temperatures. Sloths (Bradypus) are critically limited by rates of energy acquisition and it has previously been suggested that their unusual departure from homeothermy mitigates the associated costs. No studies, however, have examined how sloth body temperature and metabolic rate vary with Ta. Here we measured the oxygen consumption (VO2) of eight brown-throated sloths (B. variegatus) at variable Ta’s and found that VO2 indeed varied in an unusual manner with what appeared to be a reversal of the standard homeotherm pattern. Sloth VO2 increased with Ta, peaking in a metabolic plateau (nominal ‘thermally-active zone’ (TAZ)) before decreasing again at higher Ta values. We suggest that this pattern enables sloths to minimise energy expenditure over a wide range of conditions, which is likely to be crucial for survival in an animal that operates under severe energetic constraints. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a mammal provisionally invoking metabolic depression in response to increasing Ta’s, without entering into a state of torpor, aestivation or hibernation.

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