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Irwan, Y. M., A. R. Amelia, Z. Syafiqah, Muhamad Irwanto, M. Farreq, W. Z. Leow, and S. Ibrahim. "Design the Balance of System (BOS) for Photovoltaic Application at CERE Building for Low Load Application: An Application of HOMER Pro." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.571.
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The reliable renewable energy systems will effective when the optimal output can be achieved. This paper presents a design of the BOS system at the CERE building for low load application. The entire system is being optimized by HOMER Pro software represented the effectiveness system. The HOMER Pro produced the optimal and economic hybrid system configuration. The result indicated the capacity of the PV array is 0.6 kW, 4 units of 1 kWh lead-acid battery and 0.3 kW of inverter was selected to complete the system. The impact of the ambient temperature also has been analysed. The total electrical energy production reduced with considering temperature coefficient. An optimization produced productive configuration over the system lifetime.
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Restrepo, David, Bonie Restrepo, and Luz Adriana Trejos-Grisales. "Microgrid analysis using HOMER: a case study." DYNA 85, no. 207 (October 1, 2018): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v85n207.69375.
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The integration of renewable energy sources to create microgrids is drawing growing interest to address current energy-related challenges around the globe. Nevertheless, microgrids must be analyzed using specialized tools that allow to conduct operation, technical and economic studies. In that regard, this paper presents a case study in which the software HOMER Energy Pro was implemented to design and analyze the performance of a microgrid. Such microgrid comprises a photovoltaic system, a wind system and a diesel plant. The parameters of the energy systems are based on information about local weather conditions available in databases. Finally, this analysis is performed under two conditions: stand-alone and grid-tied.
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Pradhan, Ajoya Kumar, Mahendra Kumar Mohanty, and Sanjeeb Kumar Kar. "Techno-economic Evaluation of Stand-alone Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Remote Village Using HOMER-pro Software." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i2.pp73-88.
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The off-grid hybrid renewable energy generation system has lesser cost of energy with higher reliability when compared with solar Photovoltaic (PV) or wind energy system individually. The optimization design is worked out by reducing the Unit Cost Of Energy (UCOE) for different case studies and comparing the outcomes obtained by the use of HOMER-Pro (hybrid optimization model of electric renewable) software. The optimal cash flow analysis of hybrid energy system is based on the load patterns is discussed, solar irradiance (kW/m2) of site at proper latitude and longitude, wind speed and price of diesel, which is collected from a remote village in Khurda District, Odisha in India. Moreover, the optimization and sensitivity results of the system are find out by varying the input parameters like solar radiation, wind speed etc.
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Pradhan, Ajoya Kumar, Mahendra Kumar Mohanty, and Sanjeeb Kumar Kar. "Techno-Economic Evaluation of Stand-alone Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Remote Village Using HOMER-Pro Software." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i2.pp74-89.
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The off-grid hybrid renewable energy generation system has lesser cost of energy with higher reliability when compared with solar photovoltaic (PV) or wind energy system individually. The optimization design is worked out by reducing the unit cost of energy (UCOE) for different case studies and comparing the outcomes obtained by the use of HOMER-Pro (Hybrid Optimization Model of Electric Renewable) software. The optimal cash flow analysis of hybrid energy system is based on the load patterns is discussed, solar irradiance (kW/m2) of site at proper latitude and longitude, wind speed and price of diesel, which is collected from a remote village in Khurda District, Odisha in India. Moreover, the optimization and sensitivity results of the system are find out by varying the input parameters like solar radiation, wind speed etc.
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Koli, Himanshi, and M. P. S. Chawla. "Cost Effective Analysis of Hybrid Energy System with Pumped Hydro Storage using HOMER Pro." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 4 (February 28, 2021): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.d8485.0210421.
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As India is a developing country which demands in more power requirement for the population. The conventional resources are also not making the requirement upto the needs of the customers. This brings our attention towards the nonconventional resources which includes renewable energy resources i.e., natural resources like sun, wind, ocean, geothermal, tidal etc. are some of the resources. Using this resources with the help of latest technologies we are equalizing the mismatch between the power generation and power demand. As far as the conventional power generation our country is performing great in the non- conventional means also, which results in the cost reduction of energy, carbon emission from the environment which will help a lot in the reduction of global warming. This paper presents the hybrid renewable energy system which consist of solar PV and wind energy system as generation unit and for the change of same traditional storage system here we are working with the pumped hydro storage system. All the system is being analyzed on the software for hybrid system known as Hybrid Optimization Model for Electrical Renewable (HOMER Pro).
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Singh, Anand, Prashant Baredar, and Bhupendra Gupta. "Computational Simulation & Optimization of a Solar, Fuel Cell and Biomass Hybrid Energy System Using HOMER Pro Software." Procedia Engineering 127 (2015): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.408.
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Yasin, Aysar, and Mohammed Alsayed. "Optimization with excess electricity management of a PV, energy storage and diesel generator hybrid system using HOMER Pro software." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v9.i3.pp267-283.
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In this research, a standalone microgrid power system is proposed to electrify a small agricultural community in Palestinian territories. The load includes residential load and water pumping load. The community comprises about 30 households with some service buildings in addition to the water pumping system. The average load energy demand is 300kWh/day and the average power demand is 12.5kW, in the same context, the average energy demand for water pumping is 49kWh/day. The region has abundant solar radiation potential with a daily average of 5.4 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>. The optimum design was achieved using the HOMER Pro software. It took into consideration real incident solar radiation data, electrical demand profile for the community and water pumping system and market cost of all equipment. The optimization results showed that the best hybrid system among all feasible configurations is a PV system with an energy storage system combined with a diesel generator. The net present cost of the system is USD636,150 and the cost of energy (COE) produced is USD0.438/kWh. Sensitivity analysis is considered to study the impact of variations in PV cost, diesel fuel price, and maximum annual capacity shortages (MACS), the results showed that MACS has no effects. Energy management procedure is followed to reduce the excess electricity from 10.6% to 6.24% which in turn reduces the COE from 0.438 to USD 0.416/kWh.
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Oulis Rousis, Anastasios, Dimitrios Tzelepis, Ioannis Konstantelos, Campbell Booth, and Goran Strbac. "Design of a Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Using HOMER Pro: Case Study on an Islanded Residential Application." Inventions 3, no. 3 (August 14, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions3030055.
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This paper is concerned with the design of an autonomous hybrid alternating current/direct current (AC/DC) microgrid for a community system, located on an island without the possibility of grid connection. It is comprised of photovoltaic (PV) arrays and a diesel generator, AC loads, and battery energy storage devices for ensuring uninterruptible power supply during prolonged periods of low sunshine. A multi-objective, non-derivative optimisation is considered in this residential application; the primary objective is the system cost minimisation, while it is also required that no load shedding is allowed. Additionally, the CO2 emissions are calculated to demonstrate the environmental benefit the proposed system offers. The commercial software, HOMER Pro, is utilised to identify the least-cost design among hundreds of options and simultaneously satisfy the secondary objective. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to evaluate design robustness against the uncertainty pertaining to fuel prices and PV generation. Finally, an assessment of the capabilities of the utilised optimisation platform is conducted, and a theoretical discussion sheds some light on the proposal for an enhanced design tool addressing the identified issues.
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Aghenta, Lawrence O., and M. Tariq Iqbal. "Design and Dynamic Modelling of a Hybrid Power System for a House in Nigeria." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (April 30, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6501785.
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This paper presents the design and dynamic modelling of a hybrid power system for a house in Nigeria. Thermal modelling of the house under consideration is carried out using BEopt software to accurately study the heat loss through the walls, windows, doors, and roof of the house. The analysis of this thermal model is used to determine hourly load data. Design of an optimum hybrid power system for the house is done with HOMER Pro software. The hybrid power system is made up of a diesel generator and a stand-alone PV system. The proposed PV system consists of PV arrays, DC–DC boost converter, MPPT controller, single-phase full-bridge inverter, inverter voltage mode controller (PI controller), and single-phase step-up transformer. Dynamic simulation of the proposed PV system component of the hybrid power system is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment to study the power quality, harmonics, load impact, voltage transients, etc. of the system, and the simulation results are presented in the paper.
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Boussetta, M., S. Motahhir, R. El Bachtiri, A. Allouhi, M. Khanfara, and Y. Chaibi. "Design and Embedded Implementation of a Power Management Controller for Wind-PV-Diesel Microgrid System." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (December 1, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8974370.
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This paper presents an implementation of real-time energy management systems (EMS) to maximize the efficiency of the electricity distribution in an isolated hybrid microgrid system (HMGS) containing photovoltaic modules, wind turbine, battery energy storage system, and diesel generator (DG) which is used as a backup source. These systems are making progress worldwide thanks to their respect for the environment. However, hybridization of several sources requires power flow control (PFC). For this reason, in this work, a proper energy management system is developed using LabVIEW software and embedded in a suitable platform for the real-time management of the hybrid energy system. The developed EMS is tested and validated through a small-scale application which accurately represents the case study of an isolated mosque located in a remote area of Morocco. The aim of this paper is to (i) propose a novel modelling method and real-time monitoring interface under the LabVIEW software based on the real data obtained by an optimal sizing previously made using Homer-pro software and (ii) implement the power control system on a low-consumption embedded platform that is the Raspberry-pi3.
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Rashid, Fazlur, Md Emdadul Hoque, Muhammad Aziz, Talukdar Nazmus Sakib, Md Tariqul Islam, and Raihan Moker Robin. "Investigation of Optimal Hybrid Energy Systems Using Available Energy Sources in a Rural Area of Bangladesh." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 5794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185794.
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The aims of this paper are to develop hybrid energy systems considering biomass energy sources as well as a framework and optimal configuration of hybrid systems of energy for a southern sub-urban area of Bhola district in Bangladesh, named Kukri Mukri island, and analyse the feasibility of the techno-economic prospects of these systems. In this work, electrification for the rural area is analysed for different configurations of the hybrid systems. The estimation of available resources with optimal sizing and analysis of techno-economic aspects is done through HOMER Pro software to satisfy the demand of peak load. Different configurations of hybrid energy systems, including PV/diesel, PV/wind, PV/diesel/wind, PV/wind/diesel/biomass, and wind/diesel, are analysed and compared through optimization of different energy sources in HOMER. The size of the system and components are optimized and designed depending on the net present cost (NPC) and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Due to the lower availability and rising cost of wind energy, the outcome of this work shows a solar-based photovoltaic (PV) as the main energy source, battery as the storage media, and diesel generator as an energy source for backup. The results indicate that LCOE is much lower for PV/wind/diesel/biomass (0.142 USD/kWh) than PV/diesel (0.199 USD/kWh), PV/wind (0.239 USD/kWh), PV/diesel/wind (0.167 USD/kWh), PV/diesel (0.343 USD/kWh), and wind/diesel (0.175 USD/kWh). Additionally, it is demonstrated from the research that the genetic algorithm (GA) process gives sustainable and cost-effective outcomes compared to HOMER.
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Eka Putra, R. Reski, Susi Afriani, Nanda Putri Miefthawati, and Marhama Jelita. "Analisis Teknis-Ekonomi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hybrid Solar PV/Biogas off Grid System." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi dan Industri 18, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/sitekin.v18i1.11695.
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ABSTRACTReliability of the electric power system and fulfil the certification of sustainable industries in the palm oil industry are offered by utilizing the potential of renewable energy sources as power plants. This research is aimed to analyze the technical and economic aspects of the Solar PV-Biogas power plant at PT. TBS. The method used in this research is hybrid parallel with the off grid network system. In manual calculations showed an optimal generating system consisting of an anaerobic digester with a lagoon capacity of 28,934.81 m3, 1,560 kW biogas generator, 4,040.22 kWp PV array, 2000 kW bidirectional inverter, and 10,125 units of batteries with capacity of 1,547Ah. Then the system is evaluated using HOMER Pro software with project lifetime of 20 years, and the total electricity production obtained during the life of the project is able to supply loads continuously with an average excess electricity about 25.23%/years of total production. Meanwhile, in the economic analysis of hybrid power plants require an initial investment (NPC) of Rp.233,553,169,589.30, with total CO2 emissions of POME 44,073.75 tons/year, then the cost of Certified Emission Reduction is obtained about Rp.6,611,062,500/year. The calculation of economic feasibility results in a Net Present Value of Rp.136.266.578.753, Payback Period of 13,8 years, and an Internal Rate of Return of 9,41%. Based on the result of techno-economic analysis in the research, it can be concluded that this hybrid generating system has the potential to be developed for study that is more detailed if it is to be implemented.Keywords: HOMER Pro, Off-grid, PT. TBS, Solar PV/Biogas, Techno-economic.
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Antonio Barrozo Budes, Farid, Guillermo Valencia Ochoa, Luis Guillermo Obregon, Adriana Arango-Manrique, and José Ricardo Núñez Álvarez. "Energy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-grid System Using HOMER Pro®: A Case Study in Colombia." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071662.
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The electrical sector in the Caribbean region of Colombia is currently facing problems that affect its reliability. Many thermo-electric plants are required to fill the gap and ensure energy supply. This paper thus proposes a hybrid renewable energy generation plant that could supply a percentage of the total energy demand and reduce the environmental impact of conventional energy generation. The hybrid plant works with a photovoltaic (PV) system and wind turbine systems, connected in parallel with the grid to supply a renewable fraction of the total energy demand. The investigation was conducted in three steps: the first stage determined locations where the energy system was able to take advantage of renewable sources, the second identified a location that could work more efficiently from an economic perspective, and finally, the third step estimated the number of PV solar panels and wind turbines required to guarantee optimal functioning for this location using, as a main method of calculation, the software HOMER pro® for hybrid optimization with multiple energy resources. The proposed system is expected to not only limit environmental impacts but also decrease total costs of electric grid consumption from thermoelectric plants. The simulations helped identify Puerto Bolivar, Colombia, as the location where the hybrid plant made the best use of non-conventional resources of energy. However, Rancho Grande was found to offer the system more efficiency, while generating a considerable amount of energy at the lowest possible cost. An optimal combination was also obtained—441 PV arrays and 3 wind turbines, resulting in a net present cost (NPC) of $11.8 million and low CO2 production of 244.1 tons per year.
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Trujillo Sandoval, Danny Javier, Fabricio Ismael Mosquera Velásquez, and Edwin Marcelo García Torres. "Análisis de viabilidad de microrredes eléctricas con alta penetración de recursos renovables en zonas urbanas: caso de estudio condominios residenciales." Enfoque UTE 12, no. 2 (April 5, 2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.734.
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El presente estudio aborda la implementación de microrredes eléctricas en zonas urbanas como respuesta a la necesidad de inserción de energías renovables en las sociedades. En una primera fase se caracteriza el perfil de consumo de energía de un condominio con carga de tipo residencial, comercial y comunitaria, abordando la construcción de este perfil mediante levantamiento de cargas reales y criterios estadísticos de factores de uso y coincidencia. En la segunda fase se analizan los recursos naturales velocidad del viento y radiación solar disponibles en la zona de estudio a través del software especializado Homer Pro con coordenadas de latitud y longitud. Posteriormente se analiza y define la viabilidad de los elementos de generación eléctrica renovable por emplear, también se plantea un posible grupo electrógeno y su uso de combustible con el fin de complementar la microrred en aspectos de inercia y estabilidad. Con la demanda de energía y recursos de generación planteados se diseñan alternativas de arquitectura de una potencial microrred para el condominio, se hacen simulaciones para los casos aislado e interconectado con valores reales del entorno y un análisis económico de la implementación, para obtener la viabilidad de la microrred.
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Luta, Doudou Nanitamo, and Atanda K. Raji. "Renewable Hydrogen-Based Energy System for Supplying Power to Telecoms Base Station." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 43 (June 2019): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.43.112.
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Hydrogen is likely to play a significant role in the concept of low-carbon power generation in support to renewable energy systems. It is abundant, eco-friendly, highly efficient and have the potential to be more cost-effective than fossil fuels provided that the engineering challenges associated with its safe infrastructure development, economical extraction and storage are solved. Presently, about 50 million metric tons of hydrogen is generated on a yearly basis, most of that is used for oil refining and ammoniac production. Other applications include electric vehicles, power to gas and power generation, etc. This study focuses on the use of hydrogen for power generation. The main goal is to investigate technical and economic performances of a renewable hydrogen-based energy system as an alternative to diesel generators for powering a remote telecoms base station. The proposed energy system consists of a photovoltaic generator, an electrolyser, a fuel cell, a hydrogen tank, a battery storage system and a power-conditioning unit. The system is simulated using Homer Pro software.
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Zahariea, Dănuţ, Dorin Emil Husaru, and Mihai Silviu Pavăl. "A TOPSIS-based approach for wind turbines ranking with negative performance ratings and different weighting strategies." E3S Web of Conferences 85 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198503003.
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This paper presents an application of TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) multi-dimensional criteria decision-making method for a case study related with a wind turbine based on-grid power supply system with negative performance ratings and different weighting strategies. Two wind turbines (XZ and XL) are comparatively analysed with respect to a power supply system for an industrial consumer and a given site. The site wind potential has been obtained from NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy database. The on-grid power supply system has been modelled and simulated using HOMER Pro software. Ten attributes have been considered: five technical criteria, four financial criteria and one environmental criterion. Eleven different weighting strategies have been considered. From all these weighting strategies, the XZ wind turbine has been selected in 8 cases while the XL wind turbine has been selected in 2 cases. For two particular weighting strategies, the most suitable alternative (XZ) coincides with the ideal solution, while the other alternative (XL) coincides with the negative ideal solution.
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Anssari, Othman M., Esam A. Alkaldy, Naseem Almudhaffar, Abbas Nasir AlTaee, and Nabeel Salih Ali. "A feasibility study of electrical energy generation from municipal solid waste in Iraq: Najaf case study." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 3403. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp3403-3411.
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In several developing countries, the electricity crisis obstructs both socio-economic and technological sustainable evolution. Also, it leads to reducing job availability due to shut down several industries or relocate to neighbouring countries to such an issue. A Najaf City is an important holy and tourist city in the middle of Iraq country. Indeed, waste management in An Najaf City needs to be reconsidered to be used as an energy source. In this article, we investigated and listed the waste quantity which produced recently (one year) respect to waste types and types of content. Data collected from the waste products for one year and are used as a key factor to study the feasibility of generating electrical energy from collected MSWs. The proposed model was simulated and tested respect to cost analysis factor of the suggested power plant by Homer pro simulation software. Results were very encouraging and competitive to the current energy production cost based on the production cost of the Kwh prospective among the conventional methods in Iraq. The proposed scenario provide proper and secure waste proposal technique with low-cost.
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Hasan, A. S. M. Mominul. "Electric Rickshaw Charging Stations as Distributed Energy Storages for Integrating Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources: A Case of Bangladesh." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 22, 2020): 6119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226119.
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This exploratory research outlines an opportunity for increasing renewable energy share in Bangladesh by using electric rickshaws (e-rickshaws) as a catalyst. The overall objective of this research is to show how to utilise an existing opportunity, such as e-rickshaws, as energy storage options for integrating renewable energy sources. It proposes a grid-connected local energy system considering a battery swapping and charging station (BSCS) for e-rickshaws as a community battery energy storage (CBESS). This system was simulated using the HOMER Pro software. The simulation results show that such systems can help communities significantly reduce their dependency on the national grid by integrating solar PV locally. The proposed BSCS also shows an opportunity for battery demand reduction and circular battery management for electric rickshaws. The research also discusses the economies of scale of the proposed method in Bangladesh, and pathways for implementing microgrids and smart energy systems. The innovative concepts presented in this research will start a policy-level dialogue in Bangladesh for utilising local opportunities to find an alternative energy storage solution and provide momentum to the researchers for further studies.
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El-houari, Haytham, Amine Allouhi, Shafiqur Rehman, Mahmut Sami Buker, Tarik Kousksou, Abdelmajid Jamil, and Bouchta El Amrani. "Design, Simulation, and Economic Optimization of an Off-Grid Photovoltaic System for Rural Electrification." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 4735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244735.
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Access to clean and affordable energy in rural African regions can contribute greatly to social development. Hence, this article proposes the design, simulation, and optimization of a stand-alone photovoltaic system (SAPV) to provide non-polluting electrical energy based on a renewable source for a rural house located in Tazouta, Morocco. Real monthly electrical demands and hourly climatic conditions were utilized. An initial design process indicated that, with a 1080 Wp total capacity of PV modules and 670 Ah of battery storage, the proposed SAPV system was able to meet a considerable part of the dwelling load with an average solar fraction of about 79.1%. The rest of the energy demand was ensured by a diesel generator (DG). Also, a life cycle analysis of the PV system revealed that the life cycle cost is 10,195.56 USD and the unit electricity cost is 0.57 USD/kWh for an initial investment of 4858.68 USD. Thereafter, an optimum design based on Homer Pro software was carried out indicating that lower PV capacity can decrease the unit energy cost to 0.356 USD/kWh while reducing the solar fraction to 54.9%.
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Prakoso, Andy, Erfan Syahputra, and Eko Adhi Setiawan. "Development of solar cell and fuel cell integration model and economic analysis in on grid and off grid system." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702049.
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Electricity has become a very important needs for human life today and one of the parameters in one region condition. Nowadays, the dependence on fossil fuels to fulfill the electricity needs is really worrying, and it causes the depletion of fossil fuels. Today, the whole world is paying more attention to renewable energy as one of the best solution to solve the future energy problems. Renewable energy becomes the best solution because it will not be exhausted and enviromentally friendly. In the other hand, renewable energy also have problem, because it cannot produce energy everytime like photovoltaics which can produce energy only when there is enough solar radiation. Therefore, a hybrid system is made that expected to minimize the weakness from other components of the system. In this project, a hyrid system is designed using HOMER PRO software to calculate the electricity and economic factor of the hybrid system. The objective of this project is to find the best hybrid system that can solve the electricity problems. The system will be independent since grid function will replaced by fuel cell in the 19th year based on the assumption.
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Khalil, Linta, Mughees Riaz, M. Arslan Iqbal Awan, M. Kamran Liaquat Bhatti, Rabbia Siddique, and Saima Akram. "Optimal Network Reconfiguration in Presence of Renewable Distributed Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithm." Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51846/vol4iss2pp38-43.
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Utilization of new technologies and people lifestyle has greatly affected the world’s electricity market. This demands to design innovative renewable energy systems for efficient use of green energy. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, electricity from traditional energy supplies has become particularly harmful for the world. To decrease the reliance on fossil fuels, it is need of time to enhance the renewable energy integration in the conventional energy systems. Renewable DGs integration in existing energy systems is not a simple task. To overcome challenges caused by enhanced penetration of renewable energy systems in existing networks, adaptation of smart techniques is essential. DGs Optimal size and selection of their suitable location for integration is crucial for cost effective power delivery to the consumers without compromising the quality of power. This paper presents impartial performance management by optimal network reconfiguration in parallel with renewable DGs and selecting suitable size for reducing active power losses, pollutant gas emissions and costs of annual operation. For analysis of active power losses, Fuzzy and SPEA2 based algorithms are used in MATLAB with IEEE BUS14 acting as load bus. While the cost of power generation and pollutant gases emissions are estimated using HOMER Pro software.
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Katsivelakis, Michail, Dimitrios Bargiotas, Aspassia Daskalopulu, Ioannis P. Panapakidis, and Lefteri Tsoukalas. "Techno-Economic Analysis of a Stand-Alone Hybrid System: Application in Donoussa Island, Greece." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 28, 2021): 1868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071868.
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Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) are an attractive solution for the supply of electricity in remote areas like islands and communities where grid extension is difficult. Hybrid systems combine renewable energy sources with conventional units and battery storage in order to provide energy in an off-grid or on-grid system. The purpose of this study is to examine the techno-economical feasibility and viability of a hybrid system in Donoussa island, Greece, in different scenarios. A techno-economic analysis was conducted for a hybrid renewable energy system in three scenarios with different percentages of adoption rate (20%, 50% and 100%)and with different system configurations. Using HOMER Pro software the optimal system configuration between the feasible configurations of each scenario was selected, based on lowest Net Present Cost (NPC), minimum Excess Electricity percentage, and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE). The results obtained by the simulation could offer some operational references for a practical hybrid system in Donoussa island. The simulation results confirm the application of a hybrid system with 0% of Excess Electricity, reasonable NPC and LCoE and a decent amount of renewable integration.
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Cherubini, Paolo, Guido Francesco Frate, Marco Antonino Maggiore, Andrea Micangeli, and Lorenzo Ferrari. "Mini-grid hybridization and demand side management on non-interconnected small islands: the case study of Ustica, Italy." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123802008.
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Small Mediterranean islands are typically served by mini-grids based on inefficient, polluting and costly diesel generators that provide electricity and freshwater through desalination plants. The study focuses on the case study of the Italian island of Ustica, for which the actual consumption and generation load profiles for 2018 have been used to simulate different scenarios through HOMER Pro software. The scenarios tested the possible integration of renewable energy sources (photovoltaic, small wind turbines) and electrochemical storage in the system, based on a techno-economic, financial, and environmental analysis. In addition to generation-side interventions, demand-side management strategies have been evaluated by considering the desalter as a deferrable load and by introducing energy efficiency measures. Finally, a sensitivity analysis on the most influential parameters (diesel price, discount rate) has been conducted on the base case scenario. The proposed technical solutions are compatible with the environmental and regulatory constraints of the island and lead to reduced emissions and long-term savings. The savings would enable a reduction in the cross-subsidy that the mainland electricity users pay to cover the higher costs incurred for diesel generation in non-interconnected small islands.
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Costa, Tatiane Silva, and Marcelo Gradella Villalva. "Technical Evaluation of a PV-Diesel Hybrid System with Energy Storage: Case Study in the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve, Amazon, Brazil." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112969.
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In 2018 the number of people without access to electricity dropped to less than 1 billion. However, the difficulty of serving these people became higher, as the locations are in the most remote areas of the world. Brazil, for example, needs to bring electricity to around 1 million people who, in the vast majority, live within the Amazon region. In this way, hybrid energy systems (HESs) count as an attractive alternative for power generation, especially in remote areas. Therefore, this article analyzes a case study of a hybrid photovoltaic-diesel system installed in the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve in the Brazilian Amazon region. The studied plant is composed of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a lead-acid electrochemical battery bank, a diesel generator, and electro-electronic loads with highly variable demand throughout the year. The HOMER PRO software is used as the simulation tool. The results show that the load following dispatch strategy is the best option, with 85.6% of the load demand being supplied by PV energy and only 14.4% by the diesel generator set. As a result, the system is technically feasible to be replicated as a reliable energy source in other areas of the reserve to supply schools, public health places, and other community services.
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Litardo, Jaqueline, Massimo Palme, Rubén Hidalgo-León, Fernando Amoroso, and Guillermo Soriano. "Energy Saving Strategies and On-Site Power Generation in a University Building from a Tropical Climate." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020542.
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This paper compares the potential for building energy saving of various passive and active strategies and on-site power generation through a grid-connected solar photovoltaic system (SPVS). The case study is a student welfare unit from a university campus located in the tropical climate (Aw) of Guayaquil, Ecuador. The proposed approach aims to identify the most effective energy saving strategy for building retrofit in this climate. For this purpose, we modeled the base line of the building and proposed energy saving scenarios that were evaluated independently. All building simulations were done in OpenStudio-EnergyPlus, while the on-site power generation was carried out using the Homer PRO software. Results indicated that the incorporation of daylighting controls accounted for the highest energy savings of around 20% and 14% in total building energy consumption, and cooling loads, respectively. Also, this strategy provided a reduction of about 35% and 43% in total building energy consumption, and cooling loads, respectively, when combined with triple low-e coating glazing and active measures. On the other hand, the total annual electric energy delivered by the SPVS (output power converter) was 66,590 kWh, from where 48,497 kWh was supplied to the building while the remaining electricity was injected into the grid.
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Oladigbolu, Jamiu Omotayo, Makbul A. M. Ramli, and Yusuf A. Al-Turki. "Techno-Economic and Sensitivity Analyses for an Optimal Hybrid Power System Which Is Adaptable and Effective for Rural Electrification: A Case Study of Nigeria." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 4959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184959.
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This paper studies in detail a systematic approach to offering a combination of conventional and renewable energy that is adaptable enough to operate in grid-connected and off- grid modes to provide power to a remote village located in Nigeria. To this aim, the HOMER pro software tool was used to model two scenarios from the on-and off-grid systems, evaluating in detail the techno-economic effects and operational behavior of the systems and their adverse impacts on the environment. The impacts of varying load demand, grid power and sellback prices, diesel prices, and solar irradiation levels on system performance were discussed. Results showed that, for both cases, the optimum design consists of a diesel generator rated at 12 kW, with a photovoltaic (PV) panel of 54 kW, a 70 battery group (484 kWh nominal capacity battery bank), and a 21 kW converter. The cost of electricity (COE) and net present cost (NPC) were in the range of $0.1/kWh to 0.218 $/kWh and $117,598 to $273,185, respectively, and CO2 emissions ranged between 5963 and 49,393 kg/year in the two configurations. The results of this work provide a general framework for setting up a flexible and reliable system architecture to ensure continuous power supply to consumers under all conditions.
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Litardo, Jaqueline, Massimo Palme, Rubén Hidalgo-León, Fernando Amoroso, and Guillermo Soriano. "Energy Saving Strategies and On-Site Power Generation in a University Building from a Tropical Climate." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020542.
Full textAbstract:
This paper compares the potential for building energy saving of various passive and active strategies and on-site power generation through a grid-connected solar photovoltaic system (SPVS). The case study is a student welfare unit from a university campus located in the tropical climate (Aw) of Guayaquil, Ecuador. The proposed approach aims to identify the most effective energy saving strategy for building retrofit in this climate. For this purpose, we modeled the base line of the building and proposed energy saving scenarios that were evaluated independently. All building simulations were done in OpenStudio-EnergyPlus, while the on-site power generation was carried out using the Homer PRO software. Results indicated that the incorporation of daylighting controls accounted for the highest energy savings of around 20% and 14% in total building energy consumption, and cooling loads, respectively. Also, this strategy provided a reduction of about 35% and 43% in total building energy consumption, and cooling loads, respectively, when combined with triple low-e coating glazing and active measures. On the other hand, the total annual electric energy delivered by the SPVS (output power converter) was 66,590 kWh, from where 48,497 kWh was supplied to the building while the remaining electricity was injected into the grid.
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Stojčetović, Bojan, Sanja Marković, and Dejan Bogdanović. "Renewable energy projects assessment using economic criteria." Ekonomski pogledi 22, no. 1 (2020): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopog2001015s.
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Unstable electricity supply is a major challenge for Kosovo* and especially for Serb-majority communities. Renewable energy may represent one of the possible solutions to improve the energy security of those areas. Therefore, the municipality of Štrpce was selected as the research area of the paper, and it is located in the south of Kosovo* . However, renewable energy potentials have not been sufficiently explored and specific projects are not proposed. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to define renewable energy projects. Based on renewable energy potential and electricity consumption in Štrpce, a set of 8 renewable energy potential projects has been defined using Homer pro software. However, the problem that arises is the choice of an adequate alternative on the basis of economic criteria. Six criteria were selected for the evaluation of renewable energy projects. To assess criteria analytical hierarchy process is employed. The highest priority was given to the criterion energy sold (0.280) while the top-ranked project is refer to installation of photovoltaic panels in households to cover 50% of energy needs while the rest is taken from the grid (0.222). In future research, in addition to used economic criteria, other groups of criteria such as technical, environmental and socio-political should be analyzed.
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Beza, Teketay Mulu, Chen-Han Wu, and Cheng-Chien Kuo. "Optimal Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Minigrid Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Tourist Destination Islands of Lake Tana, Ethiopia." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 7085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157085.
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Achieving universal electricity access is a challenging goal for the governments of developing countries such as Ethiopia. Extending the national grid to the remotely located, scattered, and island populations demands a huge investment. This paper aims to show the techno-economic feasibility of minigrid renewable energy system to electrify Kibran Gabriel island in Ethiopia, through the execution of simulation, optimization and sensitivity analysis using Hybrid Optimization Models for Energy Resources (HOMER Pro) software. The minigrid systems were compared with both diesel generation (DG) and grid extension systems. The hybrid PV/DG/battery system is more economically feasible compared with other minigrid systems, and the best cost-effective option is the one including load flow (LF) strategy with 25 kW of PV, 10 kW of DG, 40 kWh of battery, and 5 kW of bi-directional convertor. The optimal PV/DG/Battery system, having levelized cost of energy (COE) of USD 0.175/kWh, net present cost (NPC) of USD 119,139 and renewable fraction (RF) of 86.4%, reduces the pollutant emissions by 33,102 kg/yr compared with the stand-alone DG system. The optimal minigrid sensitivity to the variations in global horizontal irradiance (GHI), diesel price and load consumption were considered in the sensitivity analysis, and the result shows that the system will operate reasonably well.
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Saiprasad, Nithya, Akhtar Kalam, and Aladin Zayegh. "Triple Bottom Line Analysis and Optimum Sizing of Renewable Energy Using Improved Hybrid Optimization Employing the Genetic Algorithm: A Case Study from India." Energies 12, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030349.
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Techno-economic, social, and environmental factors influence a large part of society, predominantly in developing countries. Due to energy poverty and bloating populations, developing countries like India are striving to meet the energy balance. One initiative of India to achieve the country’s Renewable Energy Target (RET) is the setting up of the National Solar Mission (NSM) to meet a target of 175 GW (non-hydro) by the year 2022. Prioritizing Renewable Energy (RE) utilization to achieve techno-economic balance is India’s primary objective and creating a positive environmental impact is a bonus. In this study, various scenarios are explored by investigating the techno-economic and environmental impact on RE adoption for a small community in India by optimally sizing the Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES). This study is an exemplar in understanding and exploring RE utilization, whilst examining the recent RE market in depth and exploring the advantages and disadvantages of the current RE situation by initiating it in a smaller community. Improved Hybrid Optimization using Genetic Algorithm (iHOGA) PRO+ software, (Version 2.4 -Pro+ , Created by Dr Rodolfo Dufo López, University Zaragoza (Spain)) is used to size the RE systems. The results are categorized using triple bottom line analysis (TBL analysis) and for different scenarios, the techno-economic, environmental, and social merits are weighed upon. The probable hurdles that India has to surpass to achieve easy RE adoption are also discussed in this work. The influential merits for analyzing the TBL for a real-time scenario are Net Present Cost (NPC), Carbon-di-oxide (CO2) emissions, and job criteria. Compared to Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software, iHOGA remains less explored in the literature, specifically for the grid-connected systems. The current study provides a feasibility analysis of grid-connected RE systems for the desired location. iHOGA software simulated 15 sets of results for different values of loads considered and various acquisition costs of HRES. At least 70% of RE can be penetrated for the Aralvaimozhi community with the lowest value of NPC of the HRES. From the TBL analysis conducted, integrating HRES into a micro-grid for the community would result in mitigating CO2 emissions and provide job opportunities to the local community; although, the economic impact should be minimized if the acquisition costs of the HRES are reduced, as has been established through this study.
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Dawood, Furat, GM Shafiullah, and Martin Anda. "Stand-Alone Microgrid with 100% Renewable Energy: A Case Study with Hybrid Solar PV-Battery-Hydrogen." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052047.
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A 100% renewable energy-based stand-alone microgrid system can be developed by robust energy storage systems to stabilize the variable and intermittent renewable energy resources. Hydrogen as an energy carrier and energy storage medium has gained enormous interest globally in recent years. Its use in stand-alone or off-grid microgrids for both the urban and rural communities has commenced recently in some locations. Therefore, this research evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of renewable energy-based systems using hydrogen as energy storage for a stand-alone/off-grid microgrid. Three case scenarios in a microgrid environment were identified and investigated in order to select an optimum solution for a remote community by considering the energy balance and techno-economic optimization. The “HOMER Pro” energy modelling and simulating software was used to compare the energy balance, economics and environmental impact amongst the proposed scenarios. The simulation results showed that the hydrogen-battery hybrid energy storage system is the most cost-effective scenario, though all developed scenarios are technically possible and economically comparable in the long run, while each has different merits and challenges. It has been shown that the proposed hybrid energy systems have significant potentialities in electrifying remote communities with low energy generation costs, as well as a contribution to the reduction of their carbon footprint and to ameliorating the energy crisis to achieve a sustainable future.
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Rezk, Hegazy, Basem Alamri, Mokhtar Aly, Ahmed Fathy, Abdul G. Olabi, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, and Hamdy A. Ziedan. "Multicriteria Decision-Making to Determine the Optimal Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid PV–Diesel Battery-Based Desalination System." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 4202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084202.
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This paper identifies the best energy management strategy of hybrid photovoltaic–diesel battery-based water desalination systems in isolated regions using technical, economic and techno–economic criteria. The employed procedures include Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) as tools for the solution. Twelve alternatives, containing three–four energy management strategies; four energy management strategies, load following (LF), cycle charging (CC), combined LF–CC, and predictive strategy; and three different sizes of brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) water desalination units, BWRO-150, BWRO-250, and BWRO-500, are investigated with capacity of 150, 250, and 500 m3/day, respectively. Eight attributes comprising different technical and economic metrics are considered during the evaluation procedure. HOMER Pro® software is utilized to perform the simulation and optimization. The main findings confirmed that the best energy management strategies are predictive strategies and the reverse osmosis (RO) unit’s optimal size is RO-250. For such an option, the annual operating cost and initial costs are $4590 and $78,435, respectively, whereas the cost of energy is $0.156/kWh. The excess energy and unmet loads are 27,532 kWh and 20.3 kWh, respectively. The breakeven grid extension distance and the amount of CO2 are 6.02 km and 14,289 kg per year, respectively. Compared with CC–RO-150, the amount of CO2 has been sharply decreased by 61.2%.
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Rezaei, Mostafa, Udaya Dampage, Barun K. Das, Omaima Nasif, Piotr F. Borowski, and Mohamed A. Mohamed. "Investigating the Impact of Economic Uncertainty on Optimal Sizing of Grid-Independent Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081468.
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One of the many barriers to decarbonization and decentralization of the energy sector in developing countries is the economic uncertainty. As such, this study scrutinizes economics of three grid-independent hybrid renewable-based systems proposed to co-generate electricity and heat for a small-scale load. Accordingly, the under-study systems are simulated and optimized with the aid of HOMER Pro software. Here, a 20-year average value of discount and inflation rates is deemed a benchmark case. The techno-economic-environmental and reliability results suggest a standalone solar/wind/electrolyzer/hydrogen-based fuel cell integrated with a hydrogen-based boiler system is the best alternative. Moreover, to ascertain the impact of economic uncertainty on optimal unit sizing of the nominated model, the fluctuations of the nominal discount rate and inflation, respectively, constitute within the range of 15–20% and 10–26%. The findings of economic uncertainty analysis imply that total net present cost (TNPC) fluctuates around the benchmark value symmetrically between $478,704 and $814,905. Levelized energy cost varies from an amount 69% less than the benchmark value up to two-fold of that. Furthermore, photovoltaic (PV) optimal size starts from a value 23% less than the benchmark case and rises up to 55% more. The corresponding figures for wind turbine (WT) are, respectively, 21% and 29%. Eventually, several practical policies are introduced to cope with economic uncertainty.
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Hidalgo-Leon, Ruben, Fernando Amoroso, Jaqueline Litardo, Javier Urquizo, Miguel Torres, Pritpal Singh, and Guillermo Soriano. "Impact of the Reduction of Diesel Fuel Subsidy in the Design of an Off-Grid Hybrid Power System: A Case Study of the Bellavista Community in Ecuador." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061730.
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This paper presents a technical, economic, and environmental analysis and optimization of the impact of the reduction of diesel fuel subsidy in the design of an off-grid hybrid power system (OHPS). The OHPS includes a diesel generator, battery energy storage system (BESS), and a solar power system (SPS). This impact will focus on the electricity production levels of each of the OHPS components according to the increase of the fuel price and the SPS size. The Bellavista community in Ecuador was selected as the case study for this work. In this South American country, the government has begun a gradual increase in the diesel fuel price until it reaches international prices. Fifteen scenarios of OHPSs were simulated, in Homer Pro software, considering three SPS sizes and varying the diesel fuel price in five values. The annual load profile for the simulations was built based on the information of a previous study in this community. The results showed that for lower fuel prices (USD$0.26/L and USD$0.35/L), the OHPSs worked mostly with their diesel generators with reduced use of their BESSs. However, there was a higher penetration of the power delivered from the SPSs and BESSs, with higher fuel prices (USD$0.44/L, USD$0.53/L, and USD$0.62/L). These OHPSs considerably reduced their CO2 emissions compared with the standalone diesel generator scenario.
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Pokakul, Wilailuk, and Nipon Ketjoy. "Performance Analyzing of Stand-Alone PV Hybrid Mini-Grid System with PV at DC and AC Coupling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 839 (June 2016): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.839.23.
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Stand-alone PV system has been originally developed to feed solar energy produced by PV modules into the system by using solar charger controller at DC bus called “DC Coupling” for long time. In Late 1990 there is a new concept of feeding solar energy to the PV system at AC bus called “AC Coupling”. The AC coupling system uses grid connected inverter to convert energy produced by PV modules and synchronize output to AC distribution line. In mini grid system the common AC output of Bi-directional inverters or diesel generators performs as grid forming device to supply distribution line. Since 1990 there are stand-alone PV systems designed by using DC coupling or AC coupling which each type of PV coupling system highlight their advantage over the other. The work in this document presents a comparison of the efficiency of DC coupling and AC coupling PV system design in a hybrid mini-grid and finally proposes the alternative PV system design by using the “Dual DC and AC coupling” PV system in a hybrid mini-grid design. The HOMER Pro micro-grid analysis tool which can simulate DC and AC coupling PV system is used to compare leverage cost of energy (LCOE) of different type of PV hybrid mini-grid system. The simulation software which can do performance analyzing metric according to IEC 61724 and IEA-PVPS T2 is created in this study in order to simulate system operation and performance using DC, AC and dual DC and AC coupling PV system. The conclusion can clearly identify the best PV system in hybrid mini-grid in terms of LCOE and system performance.
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Mubaarak, Saif, Delong Zhang, Jinxin Liu, Yongcong Chen, Longze Wang, Sayed A. Zaki, Rongfang Yuan, Jing Wu, Yan Zhang, and Meicheng Li. "Potential Techno-Economic Feasibility of Hybrid Energy Systems for Electrifying Various Consumers in Yemen." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010228.
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Global warming and climate change are becoming a global concern. In this regard, international agreements and initiatives have been launched to accelerate the use of renewable energy and to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Yemen is one of the countries signed on these agreements. However, Yemen is facing the problem that the structure of the power grid is fragile and the power shortage is serious. Accordingly, this paper aims to study the potential for renewable energy in Yemen and assess the technical and economic feasibility of hybrid energy systems. Firstly, this paper introduces the status and challenges of Yemen’s electricity sector, the status of renewable energy, and the status of GHG emission. Secondly, this study proposes the method of optimizing different configurations of off-grid hybrid (solar/wind/diesel engine) energy systems for electrifying various consumers in Taiz province, Yemen under three scenarios of energy strategies. The objective function is to seek the most optimal hybrid energy system that achieves the least cost and most advantageous technical performance, while instigating the best economic scenario of energy strategies. Finally, Homer pro software is used for simulation, optimization, and sensitivity analysis of the designed energy systems. The results found the best economically feasible scenario, the hybrid PV/wind/diesel energy system, among the other scenarios. A photovoltaic (PV)/wind energy system achieved the best technical performances of 100% CO2 reduction, with a 54.82% reduction in the net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE); while the hybrid energy system (PV/wind/diesel engine) achieved the best economic cost of 61.95% reduction in NPC and COE, with a 97.44% reduction of CO2 emission.
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Nsengimana, Cyprien, Xin Tong Han, and Ling-ling Li. "Comparative Analysis of Reliable, Feasible, and Low-Cost Photovoltaic Microgrid for a Residential Load in Rwanda." International Journal of Photoenergy 2020 (November 21, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8855477.
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Photovoltaic microgrids provide free renewable energy solutions for Rwandans. Although solar technology keeps on its advancement, hydropower remains the principal power source in Rwanda. Other renewable power sources include wind and geothermal energies that are not yet fully exploited. Nonrenewable sources in Rwanda including methane, peat, thermal, and fuels are also used for providing energy solutions for the citizens. Rwanda Energy Group (REG) sets the energy strategic plan since 2015 for achieving the minimum of 512 MW of energy production in 2024/2025 to meet the total energy demand. The plan predicted 52% for grid-connected and 48% for off-grid (standalone) connections. The literature survey and data analysis collected on site were used to evaluate and determine the best cheaper microgrid model from the three comparison case studies for the household in Rwanda. The study focused on the economic power generation model mainly based on solar resources to minimize the electricity cost and provide income for the excess energy produced. Moreover, the study resulted in a low-cost (four times cheaper), reliable, and affordable grid-connected PV and battery microgrid model for a residential home with a minimum daily load of 5.467 kWh. The simulation results based on economic comparison analysis found the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and net present cost (NPC) for each power-generated model by using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (Homer) pro software. The results show that the LCOE for electricity production by each of the Grid connected-PV-Battery system, Diesel GenSet-PV-Batteries, and PV-Batteries systems was 0.0645 US$/1 kWh, 1.38 US$/1 kWh and 1.82 US$/1 kWh, respectively, compared with 0.2621 US$/1 kWh, the current residential electricity price (2020) for Rwanda.
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Das, Vipin, Pitchai Karuppanan, Asheesh Kumar Singh, and Padmanabh Thakur. "Optimal Sizing and Control of Solar PV-PEMFC Hybrid Power Systems." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 6, no. 4 (July 18, 2021): 1137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2021.6.4.068.
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This paper explores several possible hybridized techniques to supply electrical energy at remote locations where the utility grid extension is found uneconomical. In this work, diesel-generator (DG) is combined with the various renewable energy resources (RES) and multiple storage facilities, such as (i) proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and hydrogen energy storage (HES), (ii) PEMFC, HES, and Solar PV, and (iii) HES, Solar PV, PEMFC, HES, and battery storage system (BSS), respectively, to achieve the best hybrid solution to supply electrical power in remotely located area efficiently. The Homer Pro software developed by the national renewable energy laboratory is used in this paper for conducting the proposed analysis. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem to minimize the cost and greenhouse gas emissions. Three performance indices or objective functions, namely net present cost (NPC), levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and unmet load, have been evaluated for these three hybridizations to determine the best alternative to overcome the energy crunch, which is existing especially in remotely located area. The comparative analysis of the estimated performance parameters has revealed that the hybridization of DG with Solar PV, PEMFC, HES, & BSS provides smaller values of NPC (in US $), LCOE (in US $/kWh), and unmet load. Furthermore, hybridization of DG with Solar PV, PEMFC, HES, & BSS results in the lowest pollutant emission with zero unmet loads and energy wastage. Therefore, in this study, hybridization of DG, Solar PV, PEMFC, HES, & BSS is recommended as the best alternative to supply electrical power efficiently and economically to remote areas. In this stand-alone work mode of operation of DG is considered as a reference system and named ‘Combination 1’. The LCOE and NPC of the best suitable HPS are obtained as 0.50193 US $/kWh and 35200000 US $, respectively. As a result, the system's emission is reduced by 94% compared with the base case (combination 1).
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Nko, Macdonald, S. P. Daniel Chowdhury, and Olawale Popoola. "Application Assessment of Pumped Storage and Lithium-Ion Batteries on Electricity Supply Grid." Energies 12, no. 15 (July 24, 2019): 2855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152855.
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National electricity supply utility in South Africa (Eskom) has been facing challenges to meet load demands in the country. The lack of generation equipment maintenance, increasing load demand and lack of new generation stations has left the country with a shortage of electricity supply that leads to load shedding. As a result, alternative renewable energy is required to supplement the national grid. Photovoltaic (PV) solar generation and wind farms are leading in this regard. Sunlight fluctuates throughout the day, thereby causing irradiation which in turn causes the output of the PV plant to become unstable and unreliable. As a result, storage facilities are required to mitigate challenges that come with the integration of PV into the grid or the use of PV independently, off the grid. The same storage system can also be used to supplement the power supply at night time when there is no sunlight and/or during peak hours when the demand is high. Although storage facilities are already in existence, it is important to research their range, applications, highlight new technologies and identify the best economical solution based on present and future plans. The study investigated an improved economic and technical storage system for generation of clean energy systems using solar/PV plants as the base to supplement the grid. In addition, the research aims to provide utilities with the information required for making storage facilities available with an emphasis on capital cost, implementation, operation and maintenance costs. The study solution is expected to be economical and technically proficient in terms of PV output stabilization and provision of extra capacity during peak times. The research technology’s focus includes different storage batteries, pumped storage and other forms of storage such as supercapacitors. The analysis or simulations were carried out using current analytic methods and software, such as HOMER Pro®. The end results provide the power utility in South Africa and abroad with options for energy storage facilities that could stabilise output demand, increase generation capacity and provide backup power. Consumers would have access to power most of the time, thereby reducing generation constraints and eventually the monthly cost of electricity due to renewable energies’ accessibility. Increased access to electricity will contribute to socio-economic development in the country. The proposed solution is environmentally friendly and would alleviate the present crisis of load shedding due to the imbalance of high demand to lower generations.
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Soon, Kok Yew, Kein Huat Chua, Yun Seng Lim, and Li Wang. "A comprehensive methodology for setting up rural electrifications with minimum budgets on indigenous villages in Malaysia." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 885–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-02-2018-0010.
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Purpose This paper aims to propose a comprehensive methodology for setting up rural electrifications for indigenous villages with minimum budgets and the lowest possible cost of electricity (COE). The electricity accessibility of rural area in Malaysia is not fully covered and the cost of extending the grid to these areas can be high as RM 2.7m per km. Lack of vigorous policies and economic attraction of the rural areas are also the main barriers to rural electrification. Electricity is an essential element of economic activities and the lack of electricity exacerbates poverty and contributes to its perpetuation. Therefore, a hybrid standalone power system can be an alternative solution for the rural electrification. A hybrid standalone power system is studied to investigate the potential of the implementation and the budget required. Design/methodology/approach A site survey has been carried out in a village in Peninsular Malaysia, namely, Kampung Ulu Lawin Selatan. A standalone hybrid system is modeled in HOMER Pro software and the data collected from the selected site are used to obtain the system configuration with the lowest COE. The load following and cycle charging energy dispatch methods are compared to identify the optimal system configuration that yields the lowest COE. The diesel generator-only system is chosen as a benchmark for comparisons. Findings The results show that the hybrid system constituted from the diesel generator, photovoltaic (PV), micro-hydro and energy storage using the load following energy dispatch method yields the lowest COE of RM 0.519 per kWh. The COE of the hybrid system is 378 per cent lower than that of the diesel generator-only system. The lead-acid energy storage system (ESS) is able to reduce 40 per cent of COE as compared to the system without ESS. Originality/value The results indicate that the COE of the diesel-micro hydro-PV-ESS system with load following dispatch strategy is RM 0.519 per kWh, and this value is 35 per cent higher than the average electricity price in Malaysia. However, it is important to note that the costs of extending the grid to the rural area are not taken into account. If this cost is considered into the electricity price, then the standalone hybrid power system proposed by this study is still a competitive alternative for rural electrification.
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Farias, Nayara Corrêa, Isabela Rech, Beatriz Guimarães Ribeiro, Claudia Santos Oliveira, Wagner Menna, Carlos Eduardo de Albuquerque, and Ivo Ilvan Kerppers. "Avaliação postural em hemiparéticos por meio do software SAPo – Relato de caso." ConScientiae Saúde 8, no. 4 (March 3, 2010): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/conssaude.v8i4.2040.
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Objetivos: Analisar a metodologia de avaliação postural do SAPo (software para avaliação postural) para utilizá-lo no projeto de extensão Fisioterapia orientada à tarefa em portadores de sequela de Acidente Vascular Encefálico – AVE. Método: A amostra foi constituída por quatro pacientes hemiparéticos, sendo três mulheres e um homem, com idades entre 43-63 anos. Os pacientes foram avaliados individualmente, por avaliador único, pelo protocolo SAPo, na Clínica de Fisioterapia da UNIOESTE. Resultados: O estudo demonstrou que a avaliação clínica dos pacientes foi associada ao resultado do relatório gerado pelo SAPo. Conclusão: Acredita-se que a metodologia de avaliação postural pelo SAPo, para avaliar pacientes hemiparéticos, pode ser utilizada.
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Tabe, Yoko, Kazumasa Sekihara, Kaori Saitoh, Norikazu Monma, Kazuho Ikeo, Bogumil Kaczkowski, Weiguo Zhang, et al. "Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) Sequencing Reveals Alterations of the Transcriptional Signatures of FLT3-ITD with Secondary D835 TKD Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.1530.1530.
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Abstract Mutations in the gene encoding Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) are found in approximately 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, with two distinct groups of mutations; the internal tandem duplication mutations in juxtamembrane domain (FLT3-ITD) and the point mutations within the tyrosine kinase domains (FLT3-TKD). The second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) quizartinib which primarily targets an inactive (type II) kinase conformation, has demonstrated responses in relapsed/refractory FLT3-ITD AML patients. However, duration of response to quizartinib is limited largely by secondary mutations in FLT3-TKD, most commonly at D835 activation loop, emerging in at least 20% of patients. To elucidate the alterations of transcript signatures of quizartinib-resistant FLT3-ITD/D835 mutants in AML, we performed cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) sequencing utilizing 11 FLT3-ITD and 6 FLT3-ITD/D835 primary AML cells with wild type NPM1. CAGE identifies and quantifies the 5' ends of capped mRNA transcripts, which enables the identification of transcription start sites (TSS) and allows investigating promoter structures necessary for gene expression. The TSS of genes altered in AML cells with FLT3-ITD/D835 compared with FLT3-ITD were mapped, and CAGE detected upregulation of 124 genes and downregulation of 25 genes in FLT3-ITD/D835 cells (FDR < 0.05). Specifically, several genes closely linked with activation of MAPK signaling (MAPK6, TCF4), AKT/mTOR signaling (NBN) and both (TNFAIP6) were upregulated in the D835 acquired cells. Expression of inflammatory response cytokine genes IL1B and IL8 were also increased in FLT3-ITD/D835 cells. The FLT related functional pathway analysis by KEGG ontology indicated that Ras pathway with its downstream Raf/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling including transcription factor NFKB are the most significantly activated pathways in FLT3-ITD/D835 cells compared to FLT3-ITD cells. No additional activation of STAT5 pathway, a direct downstream signaling of mutated FLT3, was found in FLT3-ITD/D835 cells. To assess the underlying molecular basis of transcription signature, we performed an unbiased search for enriched sequence motifs using HOMER software. HOMER revealed upregulation of 80 motifs and downregulation of 51 motifs in AML cells with FLT3-ITD/D835 compared with FLT3-ITD (q < 0.05). Motifs of AP-1, JUN, CEBP, ATF and NFKB were substantially enriched in FLT3-ITD/D835 compared to FLT3-ITD cells. ETS, SPI-1 and RUNX1 were the most common binding motifs altered (both increased and decreased) by D835 mutation acquisition. Of note, AP-1 modulates inflammatory response and is tightly regulated by MAPK. To validate the transcriptional changes and the highlighted gene ontology results of AML primary samples, we utilized paired isogenic FLT3-ITD or FLT3-ITD/D835Y transfected Ba/F3 cell lines. As predicted, type II kinase inhibitor quizartinib was active against FLT3-ITD Ba/F3 cells (IC50; 0.6nM) but not FLT3-ITD/D835Y Ba/F3 cells (IC50; > 5000nM). Type I kinase inhibitor crenolanib was highly active against both FLT3-ITD (IC50; 2.1nM) and FLT3-ITD/D835Y cells (IC50; 16.4nM). Focusing on FLT related Ras pathway, we first investigated MAPK activation in these cells. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated substantial reduction of phospho- (p-) ERK after quizartinib (5nM) or crenolanib (50nM) treatment both in FLT3-ITD and FLT3-ITD/D835Y cells, irrespective of their susceptibility. We next examined p-S6, the target of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling, and observed that crenolanib but not quizartinib successfully diminished p-S6 expression in FLT3-ITD/D835Y cells. FLT3-ITD/D835 cells showed higher baseline expression of NFkB regulator p-IkB compared to FLT3-ITD cells, which was not repressed by crenolanib. In conclusion, our study showed that the acquired D835 mutation in FLT3-ITD AML cells facilitates transcriptional network activation to induce proinflammatory genes through Ras-MAPK-NF-κB/AP-1 pathway and Ras-PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling. This transcriptional modulation promotes oncogenic pro-survival and proliferative signaling in AML cells and defines differential sensitivity against Type I and Type II kinase inhibitors. Disclosures Shah: ARIAD: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Plexxikon: Research Funding. Konopleva:Reata Pharmaceuticals: Equity Ownership; Abbvie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Stemline: Consultancy, Research Funding; Eli Lilly: Research Funding; Cellectis: Research Funding; Calithera: Research Funding.
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Yamatani, Kotoko, Yoko Tabe, Kaori Saito, Haeun Yang, Yuko Murakami-Tonami, Koya Suzuki, Weiguo Zhang, et al. "Upregulation of Bcl-2 Confers Resistance to FLT3 Inhibition in FLT3-ITD AML with Secondary Acquired Mutations." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-109957.
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Abstract Internal tandem duplications (ITD) in the juxtamembrane domain of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) cause ligand-independent constitutive activation of FLT3 kinase and its downstream signaling. FLT3-ITD mutations confer poor prognosis with high relapse rates in AML patients. FLT3-targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) often induce additional point mutations within the tyrosine kinase domains (FLT3-TKD mutations), most commonly found at D835 activation loop. Additional FLT3-TKD mutations that cause secondary resistance emerge in at least 20% of patients with TKI treatment. To elucidate the alterations of transcriptome signatures of FLT3-ITD and TKD double mutations in AML, we performed cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) sequencing for 26 primary AML samples (14 with FLT3-ITD, 12 with FLT3-ITD/D835). CAGE detects and quantifies the specific transcriptional start site (TSS) transcripts, which enables high-throughput gene expression profiling and promoter usage analysis. Altered transcription of TSS in FLT3-ITD/D835 AML samples were detected by comparison with TSS in FLT3-ITD samples, and upregulation of 310 TSS and downregulation of 22 TSS were mapped (FDR < 0.05, EdgeR). Based on Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, up-regulated genes were enriched in "apoptotic process", "intracellular signal transduction" and "immune system development", including pro-survival BCL2A1 and drug resistance related S100A8 and PRKCH. To validate these transcriptional changes, we utilized isogenic paired Ba/F3 cells transfected with FLT3-ITD or FLT3-ITD/D835. CAGE detected upregulation of 1945 TSS and downregulation of 1470 TSS in FLT3-ITD/D835 compared to FLT3-ITD cells (FDR < 0.05). TSS transcriptions of Bcl-2, Prkca, NF-κB1, Myc, and Cdkn1a (p21) were upregulated in FLT3-ITD/D835 cells. GO analysis consistently highlighted higher activation of NF-κB signaling and its downstream Bcl-2 in FLT3-ITD/D835 than in FLT3-ITD cells both for primary AML samples and Ba/F3 cells. To determine a correlation between activated promoters and transcription factors in FLT3-ITD/D835 cells, we performed an unbiased search for enriched sequence motifs using HOMER software. HOMER revealed that the promoter 4 of BCL2A1 contained a common motif of transcription factor STAT6, known to associate with NF-κB and cooperatively bound to their respective promoter elements. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis also highlighted higher activation of STAT6 in FLT3-ITD/D835 AML cells compared to FLT3-ITD. Immunoblot analysis confirmed higher expression of Bcl-2, c-Myc, p27, and lower expression of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 in FLT3-ITD/D835 Ba/F3 compared to FLT3-ITD Ba/F3 cells. FLT3-ITD and FLT3-ITD/D835 cells showed similar expression level of Bax and Bid. We found that FLT3-ITD/D835 Ba/F3 cells proliferated slower than FLT3-ITD cells (growth rate; FLT3-ITD/D835 9.8±2.4 fold, FLT3-ITD 19.8±1.2 fold, p=0.003, 48 h) with G0/G1 accumulation (FLT3-ITD/D835 61.5±10.1%, FLT3-ITD 31.3±11.2%, p<0.05, 72 h). Finally, we hypothesized that targeting Bcl-2 may effectively overcome the acquired resistance of FLT3-ITD/D835 cells. Venetoclax (ABT-199/GDC-0199), a clinically available Bcl-2 selective inhibitor, as single agent was not capable of eliminating FLT3-ITD AML due to altered activation of FLT3 downstream signaling and Mcl-1 upregulation. FLT3-ITD/D835 cells showed higher expression of the Bcl-2 gene and/protein and were less dependent on FLT3 signaling compared to FLT3-ITD cells (Tabe, ASH 2017). As expected, venetoclax caused more profound cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in FLT3-ITD/D835 Ba/F3 than in FLT3-ITD Ba/F3 cells (IC50 2.98 μM vs 13.9 μM, ED50 28.8 μM vs 173 μM, 48 h). In conclusion, we identified Bcl-2 transcriptional activation as a novel mechanism by which the acquired D835 mutation in FLT3-ITD AML cells facilitates anti-apoptotic network activation and confers TKI resistance. Bcl-2 inhibition by venetoclax represents a putative therapeutic strategy in FLT3-ITD/TDK double-mutated AML cells. Disclosures Shah: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; ARIAD: Research Funding. Konopleva:Stemline Therapeutics: Research Funding. Andreeff:AstraZeneca: Research Funding.
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Freitas, Ana Angélica de Souza, Maria José Coelho, and Márcia Maria Fontão. "Os Cuidados Cotidianos aos Homens Adultos Hospitalizados com Traqueostomia por Câncer na Laringe." Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia 58, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2012v58n4.1368.
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Introdução: O cuidado de enfermagem ao homem com traqueostomia tem características distintas, pois a traqueostomia acarreta mudanças na vida cotidiana desses homens, como alteração na imagem corporal. Objetivos: Apresentar o perfil socioeconômico dos homens com traqueostomia; descrever os cuidados de enfermagem recebidos; e analisar as necessidades de cuidados em saúde e enfermagem. Método: Trata-se de estudo misto realizado com 47 homens com traqueostomia. Para análise, utilizaram-se os pressupostos de masculinidade de Connell, cuidado de Coelho e cotidiano de Certeau. O cenário da produção dos dados foi o Hospital do Câncer I. Entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação sistemática e sistema de informação hospitalar absolute foram as formas de coleta de dados. Os dados quantificáveis foram organizados e analisados pelo software Excel e os qualificados pela análise temática via software Atlas.Ti. Resultados: Perfil dos homens com traqueostomia que predominaram: casados, ocupação de mecânico, nível fundamental de escolaridade, dois salários mínimos de renda, católicos, procedentes do Rio de Janeiro, faixa etária de 41-70 anos e estado nutricional eutroficos. Na categoria explicativa de casos múltiplos, observou-se que os cuidados de enfermagem recebidos foram baseados nos problemas de saúde dos homens. E nas necessidades de cuidados de enfermagem, sob a ótica dos homens, foi verificado que o cotidiano deles acontecem de maneira simples e de acordo com a necessidade de saúde e cuidado. Conclusão: O cuidado cotidiano de saúde e de enfermagem ao homem com traqueostomia tem como subsídios aplicar os conhecimentos científicos combinados com criatividades.
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Alencar, Anderson Fernandes de, and Moacir Gadotti. "A MIGRAÇÃO DO SOFTWARE PROPRIETÁRIO PARA O SOFTWARE LIVRE COMO PROCESSO PEDAGÓGICO." Cadernos de Pesquisa 21, no. 2 (June 26, 2014): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2229.v21.n2.p.26-36.
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Este trabalho apresenta reflexões, aprendizagens e conclusões advindas da pesquisa realizada em nívelde mestrado, na linha de filosofia e educação, cujo objetivo foi refletir acerca de uma proposta de migração do softwareproprietário para o software livre à luz de elementos teórico-práticos do pensamento de Álvaro Vieira Pinto ede Paulo Freire. O artigo inicia-se pela exposição dos objetivos, a metodologia e as fontes de informações utilizadasna pesquisa, seguindo pela apresentação das contribuições dos autores citados ao estado da arte das reflexõesacerca da tecnologia, e a partir delas, expõe-se a gênese do movimento do software livre e as potencialidades deseu uso. A partir destas análises, evidencia-se um estudo de caso realizado em uma ONG de cunho educacionalda cidade de São Paulo e destaca-se o processo de consulta aos sujeitos da experiência de migração, realizadapor meio de questionários, bem como os resultados da sistematização deste instrumento. Por fim, conclui-se que amigração constitui-se em um processo pedagógico, de “descolonização da mente”, e por isso demanda uma pedagogiacoerente com princípios freirianos e as concepções de homem, mundo e sociedade defendidas, visando àemancipação dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo. Essa pedagogia veio a ser nominada de Pedagogia da Migração.Palavras-chave: Paulo Freire. Software Livre. Migração. GNU/Linux. Pedagogia. MIGRATION FROM PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE TO FREE SOFTWARE AS APEDAGOGICAL PROCESSAbstract: This paper presents reflections, learnings and conclusions obtained from research conducted at master’sdegree, in philosophy and education, whose purpose was to reflect about a proposal of migration from proprietarysoftware to free software based on theoretical-practical thinking of Alvaro Vieira Pinto and Paulo Freire.The article begins by presenting the objectives, the methodology and sources of information used in the research,followed by the contributions of the authors cited to the state of art of the studies about technology, and from them,exposes the genesis of the free software movement and the potential for its use. After that, the text discusses a casestudy, carried out in an educational NGO, located in the city of São Paulo and highlights the process of listening theparticipants, conducted through questionnaires, as well as the results of the systematization of this instrument. Finally,it is concluded that the migration is a pedagogical process, of “decolonization of the mind”, and therefore basedin a coherent pedagogy with Paulo Freire principles and conceptions of man, world and society defended, aiming atthe emancipation of the subjects involved in the process. This pedagogy came to be named Pedagogy of Migration.Keywords: Paulo Freire. Free software. Migration. Gnu/Linux. Pedagogy. LA MIGRACIÓN DE SOFTWARE PROPIETARIO A SOFTWARE LIBRE COMOUN PROCESO PEDAGÓGICOResumen: Este artículo presenta reflexiones, aprendizajes y conclusiones obtenidas a partir de las investigacionesrealizadas a nivel de maestría, en filosofía y educación, cuyo objetivo era reflexionar sobre la propuesta de lamigración de software propietario a software libre a la luz de los elementos teóricos y prácticos del pensamiento ÁlvaroVieira Pinto y Paulo Freire. El artículo comienza con la presentación de los objetivos, la metodología y las fuentesutilizadas en la investigación, seguida de la presentación de las contribuciones de los autores citados para losestudios acerca de la tecnología, y de ellos, se expone la génesis de movimiento del software libre y la posibilidad desu uso. A partir de estos análisis, se ha demostrado un estudio de caso realizado en una ONG de carácter educativode la ciudad de São Paulo y destaca el proceso de consulta a los sujetos de la experiencia de la migración, llevada acabo a través de cuestionarios, y los resultados de sistematización de este instrumento. Por último, se concluye quela migración es un proceso pedagógico, "la descolonización de la mente”, y por lo tanto exigen una pedagogía conlos principios freirianos y concepciones del hombre, mundo y de la sociedad, con el fin de defender la emancipaciónde los sujetos involucrados en el proceso. Esta pedagogía llegó a ser llamada Pedagogía de la Migración.Palabras clave: Paulo Freire. Software libre. Migración. Gnu/Linux. Pedagogia.
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Silva, Reginaldo Barboza da, Batista Junior Masqueto, Kléber Pereira Lanças, and Francisca Alcivania de Melo Silva. "DESENVOLVIMENTO, AUTOMAÇÃO E DESEMPENHO DE UM CONSOLIDÔMETRO COM INTERFACE HOMEM-MÁQUINA." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, no. 2 (April 2015): 416–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140435.
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O ensaio de consolidação preconiza a utilização de um consolidômetro. Esse equipamento, até então, não era produzido e comercializado no Brasil. Os modelos não automatizados disponíveis para importação, apesar da proposta de baixo custo, ainda são rústicos e necessitam de contínua calibração dos níveis de pressão durante a realização do ensaio. A exclusividade e intervenção de um técnico durante todo o ensaio, associada à precária coleta de dados nesses modelos, ainda são os principais fatores que têm inviabilizado a consolidação desse ensaio na ciência do solo brasileira. Como alternativa a esses problemas, este trabalho teve por objetivos desenvolver e automatizar um consolidômetro a partir de um Controlador Lógico Programável (CLP) com interface homem-máquina (IHM). O equipamento é constituído de um gabinete de metal que aloja conjuntos de dispositivos pneumáticos, eletrônico-digital e atuadores de força e posição. O funcionamento de cada dispositivo de forma isolado ou conjugado é gerenciado por meio de um software em linguagem de programação ladder, que, a partir de um CLP com IHM incorporada, possibilita armazenar instruções e implementar funções. A interface entre o PC e o consolidômetro é feita pelo software CA-Linker, v 1.0, projetado especificamente para o equipamento. O uso do CLP com IHM incorporada permitiu o desenvolvimento e a automação do consolidômetro. O desempenho e a eficiência do conjunto de dispositivos (pneumáticos, eletrônico-digital e atuadores de força e pressão) foram comprovados pelos excelentes resultados dos valores de deformação e pressão obtidos em função do tempo e, principalmente, do comportamento da curva de compressão, gerada pelos ensaios de compressão.
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Vitali, Marieli Mezari, Amanda Castro, Jaime Caravaca-Morera, and Jacks Soratto. "“Homem é homem e mulher é mulher, o resto, sem-vergonhice”: representações sociais da transexualidade sobre comentários da internet." Saúde e Sociedade 28, no. 4 (December 2019): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902019170535.
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Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as representações sociais sobre transexualidade com base nos comentários descritos nas redes sociais (Facebook e Instagram). Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa do tipo exploratório descritivo, utilizando-se o método da pesquisa documental e alicerçada na teoria das representações sociais. Os dados foram coletados a partir de uma série de reportagens de um programa jornalístico brasileiro de impacto nacional. A análise de dados foi realizada com base na análise de conteúdo com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti. Os resultados oportunizaram a geração de 14 códigos, que foram agrupados em quatro categorias: origem da transexualidade, atitude em relação à transexualidade, definição de transexualidade e vulnerabilidade trans. Foi possível identificar a ausência de informação dos internautas, em especial a falta de respeito com as pessoas transexuais, justificada por um discurso culpabilizador, opressor e fundamentalista que coopera para a vulnerabilidade delas, alocando-as às margens da sociedade de direito. Os resultados concluíram que é necessário ampliar políticas públicas eficazes para a população trans e, dessa forma, promover a garantia de seus direitos humanos e cidadania.
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Alves Rodrigues, Iara Maria, Denis Prudencio Luiz, and Guilherme Nascimento Cunha. "Perfil de tutores de cães e gatos sobre as zoonoses no município de Patos de Minas – MG." Veterinária Notícias 26, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/vtn-v26n1-2020-45656.
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O vínculo afetivo entre o homem e os animais está cada vez mais forte. Porém, os cães e gatos exigem certos cuidados, que quando não são praticados acarretam problemas a saúde pública. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil de tutores de cães e gatos acerca das zoonoses no município de Patos de Minas-MG. O mesmo foi realizado através de um questionário aplicado em forma de entrevista no período de julho a agosto de 2016. Ao todo, 300 tutores foram entrevistados, de forma individual. O trabalho foi realizado em seis bairros distintos e de diferentes classes sociais da cidade. Para o tratamento dos dados coletados foi utilizada análise estatística descritiva com o auxílio do software BioEstat versão 5.3. Sobre zoonoses, 78,66% (236/300) dos tutores relataram ter conhecimento de que os animais podem transmitir doenças ao homem, sendo raiva a mais citada com 33% (184/300). No que diz respeito como as zoonoses podem ser transmitidas ao homem, por volta de 13% (39/300) não souberam responder. Concluiu-se que apesar da população entender que os animais podem transmitir doenças ao homem, muitas pessoas carecem de conhecimentos relevantes, refletindo na carência de informações que lhes é fornecida. Evidencia-se então, o desafio para os órgãos públicos responsáveis e aos Médicos Veterinários, no sentido de informar e educar os tutores quanto as zoonoses e suas reais implicações
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Rodrigues, Guilherme Da Silva, Ulisses Rocha de Oliveira, and Karine Bastos Leal. "Variação das dunas no Balneário Barra do Chuí, extremo sul do Brasil, entre 2005-2018." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.2.p522-536.
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As dunas costeiras são feições naturais formadas a partir das praias arenosas, devido a interação do vento, areia e vegetação. No entanto, a ação humana torna-se uma variável cada vez mais relevante em sua dinâmica, ocasionando problemas ambientais. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo quantificar e caracterizar, a partir de uma série temporal de imagens orbitais no intervalo entre 2005 e 2018, a mobilidade das dunas no Balneário Barra do Chuí – RS, especificamente a variação na base das dunas frontais. O intuito é verificar processos de erosão e sedimentação na orla do balneário, bem como a variação do limite do reverso do campo de dunas, onde se encontra a área urbana edificada do balneário. A metodologia foi empregada a partir de imagens orbitais adquiridas no software Google Earth Pro® e técnicas realizadas nos softwares ArcGIS 10.3.1® e ERDAS Imagine 2013®. A variação das linhas de costa analisadas foi obtida a partir do Método do Polígono de Mudança, por meio de uma linha de controle aplicada aos limites praia-duna frontal e reverso da duna. O Balneário Barra do Chuí, no período estudado, apresentou predomínio de taxas de erosão das dunas frontais, onde depósitos pleistocênicos estão sendo diretamente trabalhados pela ação marinha. O reverso das dunas apresentou tendência de avanço em relação à retroterra. Constatou-se que em alguns locais o transporte eólico de sedimentos está soterrando algumas residências. Palavras-chave: Limite praia-duna. Reverso das Dunas. Geotecnologias. Método do Polígono de Mudança. Foredune variation in the Barra do Chui coastal settlement, southern Brazil, between 2005-2018ABSTRACT Foredunes are natural features formed from sandy beaches, due to the interaction of wind, sand, and vegetation. However, human action becomes an increasingly relevant variable in its dynamics, causing environmental problems. The present work aims to quantify and characterize, from a time series of orbital images in the interval between 2005 and 2018, the dune mobility in the Barra do Chui coastal settlement, specifically the variation in the base of the frontal dunes, in order to check erosion and sedimentation at the edge of the resort, as well as the variation of the limit of the reverse of the dune field, where the built-up area of the resort is located. The methodology was used based on orbital images acquired in the Google Earth Pro® software and techniques performed in the ArcGIS 10.3.1® and ERDAS Imagine 2013® software. The variation of the coastlines analyzed was obtained from the Change Polygon Method, through a control line applied to the frontal and reverse dune beach-dune limits. The Barra do Chui coastal settlement, in the studied period, presented a predominance of erosion rates of the frontal dunes, where Pleistocene deposits are being directly worked by the marine action. The reverse side of the dunes showed an upward trend in relation to the retrograde, in fact, in some places, wind sediment transport has already been burying some homes. Keywords: Dune-Beach Limit. Dunes Reverse. Geotechnologies. Change Polygon Method
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Angeluci, Alan Cesar Belo, and Marcello Cacavallo. "Inovações no ensino híbrido: uma perspectiva a partir da teoria ator-rede." Comunicação & Educação 22, no. 1 (June 6, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9125.v22i1p63-73.
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O presente artigo apresenta um estudo de caráter qualitativo em que dados coletados indicam as principais palavras-plenas relacionadas às práticas inovadoras de ensino híbrido a partir de entrevistas feitas com especialistas do campo no Brasil. Com apoio do software Atlas.ti, elas foram associadas e analisadas à luz de oito conceitos recorrentes na Teoria Ator-Rede, formulada por Bruno Latour. O estudioso francês preconiza que em um mundo híbrido formado por diversos atores — humanos e não humanos — interligados e dependentes uns dos outros, não há parâmetros para se estabelecer uma relação em que homem ou máquina são mais ou menos importantes que um ou outro. As inovações no ensino híbrido revelam-se, portanto, como terreno fértil para reflexão sobre as tensões entre essas duas instâncias.