Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Homère (Homerus)'
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Wilshere, Nicholas. "Homerus ubique : Lucian's use of Homer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29999/.
Full textSotiriou, Margarita. "Pindarus Homericus : Homer-Rezeption in Pindars Epinikien /." Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39182435p.
Full textOffermann, Ursula. "Lebendige Kommunikation die Verwandlung des Odysseus in Homers Odyssee als kognitiv-emotives Hörerkonzept." München Iudicium, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2897341&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textLopes, Caroline Evangelista. "O aumento verbal na narrativa Homérica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-19122013-143359/.
Full textThe composition, transmission and preservation of the verses that compose the Homeric poems are matters that accompany philology since its inception. The oral theory and its hypothesis of composition in performance brought to Homeric studies new ways to approach these matters. In the last decades, researchers on oral theory have been analyzing to what extent this presentation or creation context of the Homeric poems influenced its construction and how it is possible to identify traces of enunciation in the current texts. It is the case of Egbert J. Bakker, who, based on the context of enunciation, that is, the performance itself, highlighted the deictic aspect of verbal augment in indicative aorist. Based on the vision of the Iliad and Odyssey as results of enunciation acts in specific contexts of oral presentation, this research examine the variation of augmented or not augmented forms of secondary indicative in some passages of books XI, XVI and XXI of the Iliad to check for a specific context in the narration that motivates the use of verbal augment.
Wagner, Klaus [Verfasser], and Mathias [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidt. "Homer has the Blues : Involvement of Homer1 in stress-induced psychopathology / Klaus Wagner. Betreuer: Mathias Schmidt." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1052194729/34.
Full textHernandes, Thárea Raizza [UNESP]. "Homens e deuses na Ilíada: ação e responsabilidade no mundo homérico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93857.
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Este trabalho analisa a relação entre o humano e o divino no âmbito das ações realizadas pelos homens e a responsabilidade que eles teriam ou não sobre elas, na Ilíada. Para tanto, verifica a concepção de homem em Homero, buscando mostrar o homem como unidade capaz de realizar ações e analisa a concepção divina associada às ideias de vontade de Zeus e de Destino, que afetariam a noção de responsabilidade na ação humana. Portanto, desejamos mostrar que as decisões próprias do homem não alteram o curso dos acontecimentos, uma vez que, na Ilíada, deparamos com a mentalidade mítica na qual divindade e homem se completam através de oposições
This study analyzes the relationship between the human and the divine in the context of the actions carried out by men, and the responsibility that they would have on them or not, in the Iliad. To do so, it verifies the conception of man in Homer, trying to show the man as a unit capable of performing actions and analyzes the divine conception associated with the ideas of will of Zeus and Destiny, which would affect the notion of responsibility in the human action. Therefore, we wish to show that the man's own decisions do not change the sequences of events, once, in the Iliad, we faced with the mythical mentality in which divinity and man complete each other through opposition
Evans, Stephen. "Hymn and epic : a study of their interplay in Homer and the "Homeric hymns /." Turku : Turun Yliopisto, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39233957r.
Full textJulien, Alfredo. "Ágora, dêmos e laós: os modos de figuração do povo na assembléia homérica - contradições, ambigüidades e indefinições." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-05072007-102301/.
Full textIn Homeric epic poems, the ágora, the assembly of the people, constitutes a privileged space of social interaction. It serves as stage set for portraying important events for plot conduction, both in the Iliad and the Odissey. In scope of Homeric studies, those engaged in historical analysis of the epic poems have made wide use of these episodes in search of coherent explanations, regarding the operational ways of the society portrayed throughout the narrative. Which would be the role of the assemblies in the Homeric society? Which would be the social constitution of the people present in these meetings? Would it be conformed to the moulds of a society of patriarchal character or would it reflect the institutions of the rising archaic pólis? Or would it be pure fiction, an amalgam of contradictory elements, not portraying a society that had had existence out of the texts? The main obstacle for the guiding of these questions meets in the proper nature of the Homeric texts. They are so dear to the way we perceive the world, but they don\'t find any echo in the text. The poems do not present registers that make possible accurate answers for the asked questions. When the questions that liven up the interpretation search the clear delimitation of the organizational instances of the society depicted in the Iliad and in the Odyssey, the memory preserved in the epic register of the Homeric ágora comes out pervaded by ambiguity and unclear settings, that, to be breached, need design of references that make possible contexts from which the analysis can be undertaken. This work presents a reflection on the form as the specialized critic has contoured such problems of interpretation and a proposal of hermeneutics of the assembly scenes in the epic, having as conducting wire the questions related to the conformation of the ágora as defining element of civilized life; the opposition between public and private subject; and the social nature of people present in the assemblies
Naddaf, Gerard. "La alegoría. Orígenes y desarrollo de la filosofía desde los presocráticos hasta la Ilustración." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113274.
Full textMucho se ha escrito sobre la célebre transición del muthos al logos, o del mito a la razón. Sin embargo, el tratamiento que se le ha dado al asunto de cómo respondieron los defensores del mito es más bien escaso. Ellos respondieron con mutho-logia; es decir, con un logos sobre el mito. Esta aproximación racional invocaba el mismo logos con el que generalmente se asocia la filosofía. De hecho, la philosophía y la muthología están tan estrechamente relacionadas por momentos que hasta el período de la Ilustración suele ser difícil distinguirlas entre sí. Esto se debe al encanto del mito o, más precisamente, a la interpretación alegórica del mito. En este ensayo pretendo esclarecer el origen y el desarrollo de este poco notado, aunque notable, evento en la historia de la filosofía.
Borguñó, Ventura Isabel. "Personal femenino dependiente en la Grecia antigua Un estudio comparado de los textos micénicos y los poemas homéricos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672021.
Full textEsta tesis presenta un estudio comparado de las mujeres trabajadoras a partir del análisis de los primeros testimonios escritos en lengua griega: las inscripciones micénicas y las fuentes literarias de la Ilíada y la Odisea. Desde un inicio, las tablillas en Lineal B han revelado la presencia de numerosos grupos de trabajo formados por mujeres que dependen de la administración palaciega y que se distinguen de otras mujeres que parecen ocupar un lugar privilegiado. Los poemas homéricos suelen distinguir, a grandes rasgos, dos categorías de mujeres: las mujeres aristocráticas, `señoras’ o reinas, y el colectivo de sirvientas o esclavas que aparecen generalmente en grupo realizando las tareas que les son asignadas. Esta investigación se centra en el análisis de las mujeres trabajadoras sin considerar el personal de culto ni otras categorías de mujeres que podrían formar parte de la élite política y religiosa, como las sacerdotisas y las reinas. El objetivo principal de este estudio es hacer un análisis comparativo de las características de esas mujeres trabajadoras deducibles de los textos micénicos y de los poemas homéricos. Esta investigación trata de responder si hay continuidad o ruptura en el rol que estas mujeres tenían en el mundo laboral, en la economía y, en definitiva, en la sociedad de la Grecia antigua del segundo y del primer milenio a.C. Para ello, se examina, de forma separada en cada fuente, el léxico y el contexto que puede aportar información sobre los sectores económicos en los que están presentes, sus oficios, el grado de especialización, los étnicos que pueden ser indicativos de sus posibles orígenes geográficos y sociales, y algunos aspectos importantes de la organización del trabajo, como el número de mujeres, la jerarquía laboral y la composición de los grupos de trabajo por razón de edad y sexo. Sólo después, se intenta comparar los datos obtenidos para identificar, en su caso, características afines o divergentes en ambas fuentes. El segundo objetivo aborda el grado de dependencia de estas mujeres. El nivel de control de su trabajo, la asignación de raciones, productos o bienes, o la duración de la prestación de servicios, durante todo o parte del año, pueden ser indicativos de que entre estos equipos de trabajadoras podría haber distintos niveles de dependencia laboral y económica, y que algunas mujeres podrían tener medios alternativos o complementarios de subsistencia. El tercer objetivo se propone observar el estatus y la condición de estas mujeres en el entramado social del segundo y el primer milenio a.C. Un análisis comparativo de esta clase supone afrontar problemas de distintas magnitudes, algunos de naturaleza interpretativa o léxica, otros relacionados con el distinto ámbito palacial y los diferentes contextos políticos y económicos de los reinos micénicos y homéricos, o la diferente naturaleza de ambas fuentes escritas y la información limitada que proporcionan. Sin embargo, éstos son los primeros testimonios que tenemos. Con estas limitaciones, el análisis comparativo muestra notables coincidencias en ambas fuentes, destacando la importancia que tienen como agentes económicos en algunos sectores productivos, la organización de grupos de trabajo estructurados, y la continuidad de un estatus social que no es tan uniforme como podría inicialmente parecer. Dentro de esta continuidad, se pueden observar también ciertas diferencias que revelan en el primer milenio una mayor división sexual del trabajo, una reducción de su presencia en determinados oficios y sectores económicos, y una tendencia a localizar su actividad laboral permanentemente en el οἶκος lo que, en nuestra opinión, hace probable un mayor control laboral y social de estas mujeres y anuncia un cambio en el papel que tendrán en la economía y la sociedad del primer milenio.
This dissertation presents a comparative study of working women based on the analysis of the first documents written in Greek: Mycenaean inscriptions and literary sources of the Iliad and the Odyssey. From the outset, Mycenaean tablets revealed the presence of numerous working groups formed by women who depend on the palatial administration, and who differ from other women who seem to occupy a privileged place. Homeric poems often distinguish, in general, two categories of women: aristocratic women, `ladies’ or queens, and the collective of maids or slaves who usually appear in group performing the tasks assigned to them. This research focuses on the analysis of working women without considering cult personnel or other categories of women who form part of the political and religious elite, such as priestesses and queens. The main aim of this study is to make a comparative analysis of the characteristics of these women, which could be deduced from Mycenaean texts and Homeric poems. This research intends to answer whether there is continuity or rupture in the role that these women played in the working world, in the economy and, ultimately, in the society of Ancient Greece of the second and first millennium B.C. To this end, it has been separately examined the terms and the context documented in each source that provides information on the economic sectors in which they are present, their occupations, the degree of specialization, some ethnics that may be indicative of their possible geographical and social origins, and some important aspects of work organization, such as the number of women, hierarchy relationship, and the composition of working groups by age and gender. Only then, we attempt to compare the data obtained to identify, if possible, the related or divergent characteristics in both sources. The second objective is to examine the degree of dependence of these women. The level of control over their work, the allocation of rations, products or goods, or the extent to which services are provided during all or part of the year, may indicate that there could be different levels of labour and economic dependence, and that some women might have complementary or alternative livelihoods. The third objective is to observe the status and condition of these women in the social fabric of the second and first millennium B.C. A comparative analysis of the first documents involves facing problems of different magnitudes, some of an interpretative or lexical nature, others related to the different palatial scope and the diverse political and economic contexts of the Mycenaean and Homeric realms, or the different nature of both written sources and the limited information they provide. Nevertheless, these are the first written sources we have. With these limitations, the comparative analysis uncovers remarkable coincidences, highlighting the importance that they have as economic agents in some productive sectors, the organization of structured working groups, and the continuity of a social status that is not as uniform as it might initially appear. Within this continuity, certain differences can also be observed that reveal on the first millennium a greater sexual division of labour, a reduction in their presence in certain trades and economic sectors, and a tendency to locate their work permanently in the οἶκος, what, in our opinion, makes probable a greater labour and social control of these women and heralds a change in the role they will play in the economy and the society of the first millennium.
Universitat Autònomad de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Cultures en Contacte a la Mediterrània
Semêdo, Rafael de Almeida. "Alcínoo versus Odisseu na corte dos feácios: um jogo discursivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-26022019-111534/.
Full textFrom Book 6 till the beginning of Book 13 in the Odyssey, Homer tells us of Odysseus sojourn in Scheria, the land of the Phaeacians. During Alcinous reception of the hero, a subtle tension develops between the two: while the host wishes to discover the identity of his mysterious guest, the hero strives to remain anonymous and secure his conveyance home. This tension unfolds in a subtle and elegant game of words in which the two oponents meet: the master of of tricks, Odysseus polúmetis, and the one of a strong mind, alkí-nóos, shrewd Alcinous. I call this contest the discourse game. As I wish to defend, such game takes place beneath the surface of words, and the participants maintain a conversation in which what remains unexpressed communicates more than what is actually said. For such an analysis to be possible, I propose to rescue Alcinous, whose name I claim to mean strength-mind, from the widespread opinion that the king is foolish or unintelligent. As I argue, he is very attentive to the rhetorical maneuvers of his guest, who is trying to fabricate pleasing and profitable speeches (meilíkhioi kaì kerdaléoi mûthoi), in a process that culminates with his final play: the narrative of the adventures. Alcinous, although detecting and understanding the crafty and manipulative purposes of his guest, surrenders to his talents as a storyteller and enjoys his performance.
SOUZA, Marcelo Miguel de. "Os aspectos poético-musicais nas obras de Homero: métrica, ritmo e performance." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2337.
Full textWe propose to revisit the works of Homer in view of his poetic composition features that refer to elements of performance, as well as oral society in which they were created. We start from a point of view which dialogues with musicology and connects the techniques of composition and improvisation of the bard. We aim to discuss the relationship of these techniques of composition in performance with the text that we have nowadays. Pointing traces of its construction, of its form and its style, we try to understand these interactions in poetic-musical formation of the poems.
Propomos com esta Dissertação revisitar as obras de Homero tendo em vista aspectos de sua composição poética que remetem aos elementos de performance, bem como a sociedade oral em que os mesmos foram concebidos. Partimos de um ponto de vista que dialogue com a musicologia e relacione as técnicas de composição e improvisação do aedo. Temos por meta problematizar as relações dessas técnicas de composição em performance com o texto que possuímos contemporaneamente. Apontando traços de sua construção, de sua forma, de seu estilo, procuramos compreender melhor essas interações na constituição poético-musical dos poemas.
Pereira, Luiz Guilherme Couto. "Contra Timarco de Ésquines: tradução e estudo introdutório." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-20072016-190143/.
Full textTranslation and study of the speech \"Against Timarchos\", by Aeschines. The analysis focus on the trifold condition of the text, as a juridical speech, a portrait of the male sexual behavior in Classic Athens and an example of early reception of Homer\'s poetry, in a condition that differs from festivals and symposiums.
Zanon, Camila Aline. "Onde vivem os monstros: criaturas prodigiosas na poesia hexamétrica arcaica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-13022017-130921/.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyse the creatures often considered monstrous as well as the words generally translated as monster in three poems belonging to the tradition of archaic hexametric poetry, namely, Hesiod\'s Theogony, the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, and Homer\'s Odyssey. The analysis of the creatures focuses on the ways they are described and the role they play in the narratives presented in those poems. The theoretical and methodological approach used to such analysis is the traditional referenciality proposed and developed by John Miles Foley in the 1990\'s in addition to the perspective that such poems that inform the archaic hexametric tradition constitute a history of the cosmos, as developed by Barbara Graziosi and Johannes Haubold during the 2000\'s. The analysis of the creatures, in one hand, and of the words translated by monster, in the other, results in questioning the validity of the monster category as usually taken for granted in the modern world, considering that it might not exist in archaic hexametric poetry, since those creatures are part of a system of thought in a world not yet disenchanted in Weberian terms, in which the empirical reality and the divine sphere as representative of the supernatural are deeply entangled. As theoretical and methodological framework for questioning the existence of monster as a category in such poetical tradition, this thesis adopted the theories of categorization formulated by Wittgenstein during the 1940\'s and 1950\'s, as well as the theories developed by Eleanor Rosch and her team during the 1970\'s, along with the ones presented by George Lakoff from 1980\'s onward. The proposition that the category of monster as pressuposed and understood by the modern world is non-existent in archaic hexametric poetry has consequences to the modern understanding of those creatures which must be perceived as part of a cosmos that does not separate the supernatural, the wonderful, and the divine in the same terms as the modern western world does, revealing the need to understand those creatures under the point of view of the tradition that created them or incorporated and ressignified them.
Sais, Lilian Amadei. "Mulheres de Homero: o caso das esposas da Odisseia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-09032017-113301/.
Full textThis study analyses a group of female characters in Homers Odyssey: kings wives. By wives, I mean married (mortal) women alive during the poems plot: Helen, Arete and Penelope. I have studied the most important functions they perform in the epos; each part of the thesis is dedicated to one of them: the first one analyses how wives act in hospitality scenes, the second one, the embedded narratives told by them. Thus, my object is to discuss their role as hostesses and storytellers. Weaving, which is a typical female activity in Homer, is an important theme in both types of scene and proves to be relevant to understanding the aformentioned roles.
Oliveira, Gustavo Junqueira Duarte. "Tradição épica, circulação da informação e integração cultural nos poemas homéricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-13102015-155951/.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the Homeric poems from a historical point of view. The approach used intends to articulate an analysis of internal and external aspects of the poems. The juncture point, what propels the themes discussed in this thesis, is related to a central question: what is the role of the circulation of information through long distances and through time in the Homeric poems? This question is approached taking into account, first, the composition and transmission of this kind of poetry, and, second, the representation of those themes in the narratives themselves. The initial part of this study centers on the analysis of the poetic tradition the poems are part of. Because long ranged and long termed oral forms of circulation of information are a determinant part of what is shown here as the mechanics of composition, presentation, transmission and reception of the poems in this hexametric tradition, questions regarding those same issues are proposed in the study of their plot elements. The type of circulation of information here researched englobes all form of transmission that depends on orality to take place. Long distance and long-term processes are emphasized. In this sense, besides the composition and transmission mechanics of the Homeric poems and the historical contexts to which they are related, the poetic forms of circulation of information described in the Iliad and in the Odyssey are analyzed: the singers and the circulation of epic poetry; the many types of reports; the space, the forms and the agents involved in processes of circulation of information. In the conclusion, there is a debate of whether the Homeric poems have something to say regarding their own tradition of composition and transmission. Here, the themes analyzed relating both to internal and external elements of the poems are properly articulated.
Labarbe, Jules. "L'Homère de Platon /." Paris : les Belles lettres, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34908797j.
Full textSkempis, Marios. ""Kleine Leute" und grosse Helden in Homers Odyssee und Kallimachos' Hekale." Berlin de Gruyter, 2008. http://d-nb.info/999261991/04.
Full textSarischoulis, Efstratios. "Schicksal, Götter und Handlungsfreiheit in den Epen Homers." Stuttgart Steiner, 2007. http://d-nb.info/98692265X/04.
Full textSanz, Morales Manuel. "El Homero de Aristóteles /." Amsterdam : A. M. Hakkert, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35677578j.
Full textTelles, Milena Ambrosio. "A morte em Homero." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2005. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/6617.
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O presente trabalho pretende demonstrar, por meio do estudo de duas concepções de mundo - a mítica e a racional -, as características da crença homérica acerca da morte e dos temas a ela relacionados, como a questão da alma e da vida post mortem. Para isso, julgou-se necessário observar como essa crença era vivida no período pré-homérico, ressaltando tanto as reminiscências desta como as novidades encontradas nas epopéias homéricas. Além disso, são delineados os rumos tomados pelo tema da morte no período posterior a Homero, ainda na Grécia antiga. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This work intends to demonstrate, through studies of two different world conceptions – mythic and rational – the characteristics of the Homeric belief around death and related themes, as the soul matter and life post mortem. To do so, it was necessary to observe how this belief worked in pre-Homeric times, by giving special attention to its reminiscences, as well as to the new elements found in Homeric epic poems. In addition, it is shown what paths the theme of death has taken in the post Homeric period, in Ancient Greece yet.
Souza, Marcelo Miguel de. "Os aspectos poético-musicais nas obras de Homero: multitextualidade e performance (Séc. VIII a.C)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7279.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
We propose in this thesis to revisit the works of Homer (8th century BC), taking into account aspects of his poetic composition that refer to the elements of multitextuality and performance, as well as the temporalities in which they were composed and conceived. We start from points of view that dialogue with archeology, linguistics and musicology and relate these areas and their knowledge to the techniques of composition and improvisation of aedo. We have as objective to discuss the relations between the techniques of composition in performance and the text that we have contemporarily, suggesting a multitextual approach. We point out traces of its construction, its form, its style and we try to understand better the interactions implied in the poetic-musical constitution of the poems.
Propomos com esta Tese revisitar as obras de Homero (Séc. VIII a.C), tendo em vista aspectos de sua composição poética que remetem aos elementos de multitextualidade e performance, bem como as temporalidades em que os mesmos foram compostos e concebidos. Partimos de pontos de vista que dialoguem com a arqueologia, a linguística e a musicologia e relacionem essas áreas e seus conhecimentos às técnicas de composição e improvisação do aedo. Temos por objetivo problematizar as relações entre as técnicas de composição em performance e o texto que possuímos contemporaneamente, sugerindo uma abordagem multitextual. Apontamos traços de sua construção, de sua forma, de seu estilo e procuramos com isso compreender melhor as interações na constituição poético-musical dos poemas.
Mota, Késia Viviane da. "Estudo do mito através da análise literária d"O Certame Homero-Hesíodo"." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6271.
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This research, entitled STUDY OF MYTH THROUGH LITERARY ANALYSIS OF "THE CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD", aims to present a theoretical study on the myth from the analysis of a literary text whose authorship is attributed to Hesiod, The Contest of Homer and Hesiod. In order to achieve its objective, the research part of the reflection on the myth considering its polysemy, that is, the different senses that the institute may have, that is, its different facets. The theoretical foundation is basically the authors, in alphabetical order, Aristotle (1991), Barthes (2001), Burkert (2001), Campbell (2007), Detienne [19--], Eliade (2010), Hegel (2004) and Vernant (1990 and 2006). The translation of the corpus, whose original is written in Greek, used in the research is that of Torrano (2005), the only version available for Portuguese language. The work is divided as follows: the first chapter presents a brief theoretical study of the myth, considering it as a narrative, as language and in its religious content, highlighting the issue of genealogy and funeral rituals, as well as a study of the function the poet in the classical world. The second chapter presents a contextualization of the corpus, especially its characterization according to gender. The third chapter presents the analysis of the literary text under consideration, The Contest of Homer and Hesiod.
A presente pesquisa, intitulada ESTUDO DO MITO ATRAVÉS DA ANÁLISE LITERÁRIA D"O CERTAME HOMERO-HESÍODO", tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo teórico sobre o mito a partir da análise de um texto literário cuja autoria é atribuída a Hesíodo, O Certame Homero-Hesíodo. A fim de alcançar o seu objetivo, a pesquisa parte da reflexão sobre o mito considerando a sua polissemia, isto é, os diversos sentidos que o instituto pode ter, as suas diferentes facetas. A fundamentação teórica está basicamente nos autores, em ordem alfabética, Aristóteles (1991), Barthes (2001), Burkert (2001), Campbell (2007), Detienne [19--], Eliade (2010), Hegel (2004) e Vernant (1990 e 2006). A tradução do corpus, cujo original é escrito em grego clássico, utilizada na pesquisa é a de Torrano (2005), única versão para a língua portuguesa disponível a que foi possível ter acesso. O trabalho está assim dividido: o primeiro capítulo apresenta um breve estudo teórico sobre o mito, considerando-o como narrativa, como linguagem e em seu teor religioso, com destaque para a questão da genealogia e dos rituais fúnebres, além de um estudo sobre a função do poeta no mundo clássico. O segundo capítulo apresenta uma contextualização do corpus, especialmente a sua caracterização quanto ao gênero. O terceiro capítulo apresenta a análise do texto literário em apreço, O Certame Homero-Hesíodo.
Auto, João Miguel Moreira 1974. "Morte, alma, corpo e homem na poesia homerica." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270753.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: O corpo humano (sôma) não é, em Homero, exatamente o mesmo que ¿corpo¿ tal como encontramo-lo em Platão ou em textos modernos, mas é sabido que lá ele é entendido como ¿cadáver¿. Da mesma forma, também a alma (psykhé) homérica não é exatamente um ¿sopro vital¿, como tem sido afirmado por alguns especialistas, mas é preciso compreendê-la em sua relação com a morte como um duplo fantasmático do defunto e, pois, como uma mímesis atenuada da vida (e não como um princípio vital propriamente dito). Assim, ela não é uma parte do ser humano como o thymós, o nóos ou as phrénes, mas uma cópia do homem como um todo. O objetivo desse trabalho é provar que é falsa a opinião de Snell segundo a qual a alma homérica não tem unidade. Com efeito, ele afirma que a alma como unidade de consciência do homem (da qual depende todo e qualquer ato responsável) surgiu concomitantemente à filosofia; entretanto, é mais fácil de acreditar que, pelo contrário, o método analítico dos filósofos leva a uma visão mais fragmentária do ser humano e de sua consciência. A ausência notável de palavras para designar o ¿corpo¿ stricto sensu, e o análogo excesso de palavras para ¿alma¿ (do qual resulta uma certa variedade de sutis diferenças de significado) não implicam em que não existisse, na épica grega, uma unidade de sentido para tais noções, uma vez que podemos admitir que elas se encontravam incluídas na noção simples de ¿homem¿ (ánthropos), a qual as açambarcava em uma só unidade. Esse é, por excelência, o objeto do gênero épico, isso é, os grandes e inesquecíveis guerreiros do passado - todos eles, naturalmente, homens. Eis, portanto, quem, justamente, foi Aquiles: um homem consciente de seu destino de morte (Moîra), responsável por seus atos e, nesse sentido, um herói
Abstract: The human body (sôma) in Homer is not exactly a ¿body¿ in the sense Plato or our modern texts give to this word; we know it means ¿corpse¿ rather than ¿body¿. In the same way, Homer¿s soul (psykhé) is not exactly a ¿breath of life¿ as some specialists have affirmed, but it must be considered in relation to death, like a spectral replica of the dead man, and so a weak imitation of life (not properly a principle of life). It is not a part of the human being like thymós, nóos, phrénes, etc, but an entire copy of him. The object of this work is to disprove Snell¿s opinion that the Homeric soul has no unity. Although Snell affirmed the soul as unity of human consciousness (on which depends any kind of responsible act) appeared at the time of Philosophic practices, it is easier to believe the philosopher¿s analytic method has conducted to a more fragmentary vision of the human being and his consciousness. The notable absence of words for ¿body¿, stricto sensu, and the analog excess of words for ¿soul¿ (with a variety of tenuous differences of sense) do not imply that there was no unity for such notions in the Greek epic. We can assume they were comprehended in the simple notion of ¿man¿ (ánthropos), which unified them. The actual object of the epic genre is the great and unbelievable warriors of the past and, of course, all were men. Achilles was nothing but this: a man aware of his mortal destiny (Moîra), responsible for his acts and thus a hero
Mestrado
Mestre em Linguística
Zanon, Camila Aline. "A Ilíada de Homero e a arqueologia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-26032012-111612/.
Full textThe Iliad of Homer is generally seen as a poem about the Trojan War, which took place more than 500 years before the composition of such poem, and transmitted by oral tradition down to the moment it was written for the first time. It was hoped, therefore, that the facts narrated by its poet matched the archaeological finds for the Mycenaean Period; instead what is found in the Iliad is an ensemble of the elements of the Mycenaean society and the one contemporary to Homer, which is considered to be the eighth century B.C. The study of the relation between the Mycenaean, Proto-Geometrical, and Geometrical archaeological finds, dating from 1550 to the end of the eighth century B.C., and the Iliad of Homer is based on two different categories of sources, namely the archaeological and the literary ones, the last one being the result of an oral tradition which had preceded it. The present dissertation focuses on showing the information that can be derived from the Iliad of Homer that somehow has contributed to the archaeological interpretation and whether controversies were raised between those two kinds of sources from such a comparison, leading to a reflection about the question of either continuity or rupture of the cultural elements proper to the Mycenaean Civilization and that, in a certain way, are reflected on the later periods concerned.
Leite, Maria do Rosário Silva. "The penelopiad: a reconstrução do mito por margaret atwood." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6302.
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The present work analyses the novel The Penelopiad: The Myth of Penelope and Odysseus (2005), by the Canadian author Margaret Atwood, translated into Portuguese as A Odisséia de Penélope (2005), a narrative characterized as a recreation of the homeric myth. This novel offers its reader an opportunity of coming back to Greece, now having Penelope as a protagonist and narrator, opening the possibilities of representing this figure of classical myhtology beyond Homer s representations. According to Homer s narrative, in tune with patriarchal understanding of gender relations, women, specially Greek women, should become mothers and remain inside the gineceu, what his Penelope did. However, in the reconstruction and rereading of this epic text presented by Atwood, Penelope invites us to look through the brumes of the past in order to listen to possibly different arrangements about the story of her life. It is in this context that our work intends to present and discuss Atwood s Penelope, recognizing other possibilities of retelling this classic text, deconstructing Homer s view at different points and aspects. Thus, by examining the brackets, the intersticial spaces of the homeric narrative, Atwood reconstructs the character and the myth, enabling her Penelope to speak about everything that was silenced in the homeric text, revealing her view, opinion and explanation about those events.
O presente trabalho analisa The Penelopiad: The Myth of Penelope and Odysseus (2005), da autora canadense Margaret Atwood, traduzida para a língua portuguesa, como A Odisséia de Penélope (2005), narrativa caracterizada como recriação do mito homérico. Tal romance proporciona ao leitor um retorno à Grécia antiga, agora com Penélope como protagonista e narradora, abrindo o leque de representações desta figura da mitologia clássica para além da criação de Homero. De acordo com a narrativa homérica, afinada com a construção de um masculino bastante fortalecido à época, a mulher, especialmente a grega, caberia a maternidade e o enclausuramento no gineceu, atividades cumpridas à risca por Penélope, o que reconhecemos na personagem homérica. Porém, na reconstrução e releitura da épica desenvolvida por Atwood, Penélope convida-nos a espiar por entre as névoas de seu passado para ouvirmos a orquestração das falas de toda a sua vida. É nesse contexto que este trabalho pretende apresentar a Penélope de Atwood, reconhecendo uma outra possibilidade criada por esta autora canadense de contar a história clássica, desconstruindo a versão apresentada por Homero em diversos momentos. Portanto, examinando, pois, as lacunas ou espaços intersticiais da narrativa homérica, Atwood reconstrói a personagem, ou o mito, concedendo a sua protagonista o direito de se pronunciar sobre o que no texto original passará em silêncio, revelando seu olhar, sua opinião e suas explicações sobre o desenrolar dos fatos.
Naddaf, Gerard. "Algunas reflexiones sobre la noción griega temprana de inspiración poética." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112947.
Full textHillgruber, Michael. "Die pseudoplutarchische Schrift "De Homero" /." Stuttgart ; Leipzig : B. G. Teubner, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35815258q.
Full textRegazzoni, Lisa. "Selektion und Katalog : zur narrativen Konstruktion der Vergangenheit bei Homer, Dante und Primo Levi /." Paderborn : Fink, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3174989&prov=M&dok%5Fvar=1&dok%5Fext=htm.
Full textRichardson, Scott Douglas. "The Homeric narrator /." Nashville (Tenn.) : Vanderbilt university press, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355564622.
Full textLebowitz, Willy. "Complex unity "self" and deliberation in Homer's Odyssey and Iliad /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1576.
Full textStuart, John Radcliffe. "Flaxman's Homer illustrations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26612.
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Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of
Graduate
Kelly, Stephen T. "Homeric correption and the metrical distinctions between speeches and narrative." New York : Garland, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20823392.html.
Full textSpooner, Joseph. "Nine homeric papyri from Oxyrhynchos /." Firenze : Istituto papirologico G. Vitelli, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389086954.
Full textWagner, Klaus. "Homer has the Blues." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-170563.
Full textKuisma, Oiva. "Proclus' defence of Homer /." Helsinki : Societas scientarium Fennica, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39233698h.
Full textHorrell, Matthew Aaron. "Epic hyperbole in Homer." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5777.
Full textWilson, Jeffrey Dirk. "Homer's paradigm of being a philosophical reading of the Iliad and the Odyssey /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
Full textZanella, Ronaldo. "Cultura homérica e agonismo no jovem Nietzsche." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5647.
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Cette étude de Maîtrise (Master) a pour but d´examiner la culture homérique et son contexte hélénique qui occuppent tellement les reflexions entreprises par Nietzsche. Le travail analyse depuis sa dissertation conclusive de l´école fondamentale jusqu´à ses écrits correspondant à la phase initiale de sa philosophie. Compte tenant de l´importance de l´approche homérique mise em oeuvre par le jeune Nietzsche, on tâche de mettre en contexte certains passages concernant les étapes suivantes de son oeuvre, ainsi que certains de ses écrits postumes. Tels passages constituent le corpus de cette dissertation. En fonction d´une meilleure analyse comparative, on n´écarte pas le support philosophique tellement évident pendant cette étape de sa pensé. La comparaison implique faire appel direct aux textes homériques, tout en propiciant une analyse rigureuse de la relation entre le poète de l´antiquité et le philosophe modern. On analyse d´abord l´importance de l´aristocratie. L´arete en tant que valeurs qui se développent dans une culture, tout en se refléchissant sur certains individus composant une aristocracie. Le caractère de ces individus éventuellement s´affronte aux conditions de normatisation de la vie. Pendant que l´art, dans ce processus, se présente comme un courant qui offre la transmission et la transformation culturelle. En suíte on tâche de présenter l´agonisme en tant que valeur constructive de la culture qui démarre de l´affrontement physique dans le récit homérique, en se développant dans la compétition poétique et dramaturgique, tout en s´établissant dans la dialectique philosophique. La perspective imagétique de la colère d´Achille cosntitue un exemple paradigmatique du caractere decadente de l´homme moderne, ainsi qu´une contribution esthétique pour surmonter son état amorphique. On examinte, enfin, la signification originale du terme mythe chez les auteurs épiques, ce qui s´ajoute à la perspective nietzschienne sur Homère, dont resulte une ré-animation du mythe. Telle approche a pour but de redresser un itinéraire pour le ressurgiment de Dionise. Le mythe qui, dès sa condition d´auxiliaire chez les auteurs épiques, devient protagoniste dans la tragédie. Dans la modernité, Dionise, par l intermédiaire de Nietzsche, assume une dimension philosophico-tragique en tant que symbole de l´affirmation irresctricte de la vie.
Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo investigar a cultura homérica e seu contexto helênico que tanto ocuparam as reflexões de Nietzsche. O trabalho analisa desde a sua dissertação ginasial até os escritos propriamente ditos da fase inicial de sua filosofia. Para justificar a importância da abordagem homérica estabelecida pelo jovem Nietzsche, serão contextualizados trechos das fases subsequentes de sua obra e de escritos póstumos. Esses trechos se referem diretamente ao corpus desta dissertação. Em função de uma melhor análise comparativa não será descartado o suporte filológico tão evidente nesta primeira fase de seu pensamento. A comparação implica a ida direta aos textos homéricos, proporcionando uma análise rigorosa dessa relação entre o poeta-aedo arcaico e o filósofo moderno. Num primeiro momento é analisado a importância da aristocracia. A arete no sentido de valores que crescem numa cultura e resplandecem em determinados indivíduos que formam uma aristocracia, nela o caráter rivaliza com as condições normatizadoras da vida. No ínterim desse evento, a arte é a corrente que oferece a transmissão e a transformação cultural. Dado esse passo, será apresentado o agonismo como um valor construtivo da cultura que parte do confronto físico na narrativa homérica, se desenvolve na competição poética e dramaturga e se estabelece na dialética filosófica. A perspectiva imagética da ira de Aquiles é um exemplo paradigmático para o caráter decadente do homem moderno, e uma contribuição estética para a superação de seu estado amórfico. A seguir investiga-se o sentido original do termo mito nos épicos que somada à perspectiva nietzschiana sobre Homero reacende a vivacidade mítica. Essa abordagem tem como escopo traçar um itinerário para o ressurgimento de Dioniso. O mito que de coadjuvante nos épicos torna-se protagonista na tragédia. Enfim, na Modernidade, Dioniso, por intermédio de Nietzsche, assume uma dimensão filosófico-trágica como símbolo da irrestrita afirmação da vida.
O'Maley, James. ""Like-mindedness"? Intra-familial relations in the Iliad and the Odyssey." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/6725.
Full textI will also argue that this systemic pattern of inequality can be understood as equivalent to the Homeric concept of homophrosyne (“like-mindedness”), a term which, despite its appearance of equality, in fact refers to a persistent inequality. Accordingly, for a Homeric relationship to be portrayed as successful, one partner must submit to the other, adapting themselves to the other’s outlook and aims, and subordinating their own ideals and desires. Through this, they are able to become “like-minded” with their partners, achieving something like the homophrosyne recommended for husbands and wives in the Odyssey.
Roth, Catharine Prince. ""Mixed aorists" in Homeric Greek /." New York : Garland publ, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354977189.
Full textKolovou, Georgia. "La lecture d'Homère chez Eustathe de Thessalonique : traduction et analyse technique du commentaire Eustathe au Chant VI de l'Iliade." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040207.
Full textThe Parekbolai of Eustathius of Thessalonica on the Iliad constitute a text that is not translated and analyzedeither in French or in any other modern European language. We propose a French translation of thecommentary of Eustathius on the rhapsody VI of the Iliad and a technical analysis whose purpose is todemonstrate i) which is the particularity of the text as Parekbolai ii) what is the originality of Eustathius, iii)how the scholiast selects, combines and compiles the sources, iv) in which purpose he makes a compilationof innumerable extracts in his autonomous commentary and finally v) which is the lecture of Homer inEustathius of Thessalonica. We propose, first, a literal translation of the text of Eustathius in order to show theanalytical and synthetic spirit of the scholiast in relation to the Homeric text. Then we make a technicalanalysis of the commentary and we propose a third technical lecture of the second lecture of the Homeric text.We propose a thematic classification of the extracts of the commentaries which compose progressively thereception of Homer in Eustathius. These are: i) the ancient scholia on the Iliad, ii) the poetical quotations, iii)certain Homeric quotations, iv) the extracts of prose writers and v) the etymological remarks of Eustathius.Then vi) they are the original remarks of Eustathius that contain explanations and observations on the innerlife of the heroes, and vii) finally, the personal commentary of Eustathius which indicate the pedagogicalobjectives in relation to the Homeric text
Vega, Ramírez Luis Ramón. "Homero y los mitos: apolo y dionisos." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/80226.
Full textSkempis, Marios. ""Kleine Leute" und grosse Helden in Homers Odyssee und Kallimachos' Hekale." Berlin : De Gruyter, 2010. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10381235.
Full textDantas, Michelle Bianca Santos. "Tragicidade no canto XI da Odisséia : Anticléia, Agamêmnon, Aquiles e Ájax." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6178.
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Le présent travail, Tragicité dans le Chant XI de l Odyssée : Anticlea, Agamemnon, Achilles et Ajax, vise à analyser les aspects tragiques observés dans le Chant XI de l Odyssée et, en conséquence, sa pertinance dans la structure de l épique homérique rapportée. Ces aspects seront étudiés, a partir des rencontres d Odysseus, dans l Hadès, avec sa mère Anticlea, Agamemnon, Achilles et Ajax. De telle façon, nous utiliserons, entre autres oeuvres, La Poétique, d Aristote, et ses considérations sur le genre épique et le tragique. Cette oeuvre sera fondamentale pour le développement de notre travail, par être un héritage des plus importants que nous avons sur la définition des genres et de la structure de la poi¢hsij. En outre, dans cette oeuvre nous trouvons aussi considérations sur les éléments tragiques, comme aãth, Moiªra, a¹na¯gkh, dai¯mwn, a¨marti/a, uÁbrij, fo¯boj, e¹le/oj, a¹nagnw¿risij et, principalement, sur la ka/tarsij. Tels éléments, comme nous analyserons, peuvent aussi être reconnus dans l épique homérique. Ainsi, nous constaterons, dans notre recherche, l assertive d Aristote, au Ve siècle ap. J.-C, concernant l intergénéricité. Comme nous voyons, ce fait n est pas privilège des littératures modernes, mais, au contraire, cela peut être envisagé depuis la Période Archaïque de la Littérature Grecque, au VIIIe siècle av.J.-C., à partir d Homère et, dans le cas espécifique de notre étude, dans le Chant XI de l Odyssée. Dans celui-ci, nous observons la manifestation de la tragicité que, plus tard, au Ve siècle av. J. -C., ce sera le fondement mythique des tragédies grecques. Nous utiliserons aussi, pour se baser compréhension du tragique, auteurs comme Vernant, Pierre Grimal, Jacqueline de Romilly, Sandra Luna, Junito Brandão entre autres. Afin que nous puissions mieux embrasser l objectif de notre travail, nous l avons divisé en trois chapitres : le premier intitulé, « Contextualisation mythique et religieuse de l Odyssée » ; le deuxième, « Tragique : aspects théoriques et conceptuels » ; et, finalement, le troisième, « Tragicité dans le Chant XI de l Odyssée : Anticlea, Agamemnon, Achilles, Ajax », où nous analyserons l aspect tragique de ces rencontres.
O presente trabalho, Tragicidade no Canto XI da Odisséia: Anticléia, Agamémnon, Aquiles e Ájax, visa analisar os aspectos trágicos observados no Canto XI da Odisséia e, consequentemente, sua relevância na estrutura da referida épica homérica. Esses aspectos serão estudados, a partir dos encontros de Odisseu, no Hades, com a sua mãe Anticléia, Agamémnon, Aquiles e Ájax. Para tanto, utilizaremos, entre outras obras, A Poética, de Aristóteles, e suas considerações sobre o gênero épico e o trágico. Esta obra será fundamental para o desenvolvimento do nosso trabalho, por ser um legado dos mais importantes que temos sobre a definição dos gêneros e da estrutura da poi¢hsij. Além do mais, nela também encontramos considerações sobre os elementos trágicos, como aãth, Moiªra, a¹na¯gkh, dai¯mwn, a¨marti/a, uÁbrij, fo¯boj, e¹le/oj, a¹nagnw¿risij e, principalmente, sobre a ka/tarsij. Tais elementos, como analisaremos, também podem ser reconhecidos na épica homérica. Assim, constataremos, em nossa pesquisa, a assertiva de Aristóteles, no século V d.C, acerca da intergenaricidade. Como vemos, esse fato não é privilegio das literaturas modernas, mas, ao contrário, pode ser contemplado desde o Período Arcaico da Literatura Grega, no século VIII a.C, a partir de Homero e, no caso específico do nosso estudo, no Canto XI da Odisséia. Neste, observamos a manifestação da tragicidade que, mais tarde, no século V a.C, será o fundamento mítico das tragédias gregas. Utilizaremos também, para fundamentar-nos compreensão do trágico, autores como Vernant, Pierre Grimal, Jacqueline de Romilly, Sandra Luna, Junito Brandão entre outros. A fim de que possamos melhor abarcar o objetivo do nosso trabalho, dividimo-lo em três capítulos: o primeiro intitulado, ―Contextualização mítica e religiosa da Odisséia‖; o segundo, ―Trágico: aspectos teóricos e conceituais‖; e, por fim, o terceiro, ―Tragicidade no Canto XI da Odisséia: Anticléia, Agamêmnon, Aquiles, Ájax‖, em que analisaremos o aspecto trágico desses encontros.
Vieira, Leonardo Medeiros. "O tema da razia de gado (boēlasía) na épica homérica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-17032017-102533/.
Full textThe cattle-raid (boēlasía) theme is a constant in the preserved texts of the tradition of Greek archaic epic, wherein it appears either in the form of brief narratives or of allusive references. Nonetheless, little has been written about this theme, and the few studies there are have focused only in the consideration of the recurrence of the boēlasía as a reflex of the importance of cattle in the honour economy typical of the homeric poems or in its explanation as a derivation of mythical structures inherited from the proto-indoeuropeans. This dissertation aims precisely at such blind spot, recovering and comparing part of the homerical references to this activity and examinig them via theoretical and methodological insights originated in the oralist critical tradition of the archaic épos, particularly those theme-based analytical methods that take into consideration the reception of the poems.
Hecko, Leandro. "O sagrado na paisagem em Heródoto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11416.
Full textHere the subject of the apprehension of the space of the known world is explored in the V century b.C., mainly, starting from the Greek historian's work Herodotus. For that begins of the perception of the space of the world, divided in portions in agreement with a culture, the Greek, for soon after to settle down a typology of the spaces of the world, understanding some important moments of the geographical demarcation of the planet, of the people and cultures. In a second moment the search bed for a specific type of space: that sacralizade for the culture. In that way understands each other that the culture creates a sacred landscape erected starting from places classified through of a typology that we established according to the use of the term hieros and your variants, by Herodotus. Sacred space transformed in sacred landscape. In the last moment, with base in the typology of the sacred space, the sacred is looked for between Homer and Herodotus, understanding the connections as part of an all cultural of two individuals that you/they worry in registering the world, our people and cultures as well as the specific details of your relationships with the sacred. (rever)
Cany, Bruno. "Homère, une anthropologie poétique de la vérité." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081658.
Full textHillyard, Nicholas. "Number in Homer, Volume 1." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496459.
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