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Journal articles on the topic 'Hominis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Urciuoli, Alessandro, Clément Zanolli, Sergio Almécija, Amélie Beaudet, Jean Dumoncel, Naoki Morimoto, Masato Nakatsukasa, Salvador Moyà-Solà, David R. Begun, and David M. Alba. "Reassessment of the phylogenetic relationships of the late Miocene apes Hispanopithecus and Rudapithecus based on vestibular morphology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 5 (January 25, 2021): e2015215118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015215118.

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Late Miocene great apes are key to reconstructing the ancestral morphotype from which earliest hominins evolved. Despite consensus that the late Miocene dryopith great apes Hispanopithecus laietanus (Spain) and Rudapithecus hungaricus (Hungary) are closely related (Hominidae), ongoing debate on their phylogenetic relationships with extant apes (stem hominids, hominines, or pongines) complicates our understanding of great ape and human evolution. To clarify this question, we rely on the morphology of the inner ear semicircular canals, which has been shown to be phylogenetically informative. Based on microcomputed tomography scans, we describe the vestibular morphology of Hispanopithecus and Rudapithecus, and compare them with extant hominoids using landmark-free deformation-based three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses. We also provide critical evidence about the evolutionary patterns of the vestibular apparatus in living and fossil hominoids under different phylogenetic assumptions for dryopiths. Our results are consistent with the distinction of Rudapithecus and Hispanopithecus at the genus rank, and further support their allocation to the Hominidae based on their derived semicircular canal volumetric proportions. Compared with extant hominids, the vestibular morphology of Hispanopithecus and Rudapithecus most closely resembles that of African apes, and differs from the derived condition of orangutans. However, the vestibular morphologies reconstructed for the last common ancestors of dryopiths, crown hominines, and crown hominids are very similar, indicating that hominines are plesiomorphic in this regard. Therefore, our results do not conclusively favor a hominine or stem hominid status for the investigated dryopiths.

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2

Lee, Jaehoon. "From Dignitas Hominis to Perfectio Hominis: From Renaissance to Descartes." Modern Philosophy 19 (April 30, 2022): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52677/mph.2022.04.19.5.

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3

Abdul-Wahab, Osama M., Abdulaziz A. Abu Dahish, and Mohamed E. Elawad. "Mycoplasma Hominis." Bahrain Medical Bulletin 39, no. 2 (June 2017): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0047540.

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4

Miller, R. A., and B. H. Minshew. "BLASTOCYSTIS HOMINIS." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 8, no. 8 (August 1989): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198908000-00036.

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5

Rosenblatt, J. E. "Blastocystis hominis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 28, no. 10 (1990): 2379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.28.10.2379-2380.1990.

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6

Murube, Juan. "Demodex hominis." Ocular Surface 13, no. 3 (July 2015): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2015.04.002.

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7

Lee, King-chung. "Gastrospirillum hominis." Advances in Anatomic Pathology 2, no. 6 (November 1995): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00125480-199511000-00047.

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8

Arisandi, Yessi, Chairil Anwar, Salni Salni, Dadang Hikmah Purnama, Novrikasari Novrikasari, and Ahmad Ghiffari. "Mite Sarcoptes scabiei Varieties Hominis in South Sumatra: Specific Identification and Comparative Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, A (December 15, 2020): 938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5562.

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BACKGROUND: Sarcoptes scabiei mites have more than 15 genetically diverse varieties from various hosts. Identification of S. scabiei mite varieties hominis as an intervention in its prevention is still rarely done. AIM: This study aimed to observe the genetic relationship of the mite S. scabiei varieties hominis compare to the parasite S. scabiei varieties hominis in other regions. METHODS: This research used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing methods with 16S gene-specific primers. From 32 S. scabiei samples, 22 samples were identified as varieties hominis that was marked by the appearance of the band at 132 bp. RESULTS: S. scabiei mites hominis varieties from South Sumatra (Yessi Scabies A2 and Yessi Scabies B3) have similarities with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strands with S. scabiei hominis varieties from China (KJ781377 and KJ781376). In contrast, Yessi Scabies A1 has similarities with DNA strands with mite S. scabiei varieties hominis from Australia (AY493402). Still, all the DNA strands, this research is different from S. scabiei mites DNA strands hominis from Panama and Pakistan. CONCLUSION: The PCR method is advantageous and specific in identifying mites S. scabiei hominis varieties, the cause of scabies in humans.

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9

Che, Ya-Min, Shu-He Mao, Wen-Ling Jiao, and Zhi-Yi Fu. "Susceptibilities of Mycoplasma hominis to Herbs." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 33, no. 02 (January 2005): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x05002862.

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To determine the susceptibilities of Mycoplasma homonis (M. hominis) to Chinese medicinal herbs in vitro, 30 clinical strains of M. hominis were isolated and identified from the clinical specimen. The susceptibilities of M. hominis to 19 herbs were determined by serial dilution methods in vitro. The results showed that M. hominis was susceptible to Radix Isatidis, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Fructus Kochiae and Herba Houttuyniae. These findings laid a foundation in treating M. hominis infection with Chinese herbs.

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10

Stenzel, D. J., and P. F. Boreham. "Blastocystis hominis revisited." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 9, no. 4 (October 1996): 563–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.9.4.563.

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Blastocystis hominis is a unicellular organism found commonly in the intestinal tract of humans and many other animals. Very little is known of the basic biology of the organism, and controversy surrounds its taxonomy and pathogenicity. There morphological forms (vacuolar, granular, and ameboid) have been recognized, but recent studies have revealed several additional forms (cyst, avacuolar, and multivacuolar). The biochemistry of the organism has not been studied to any extent, and organelles and structures of unknown function and composition are present in the cells. Several life cycles have been proposed but not experimentally validated. The form used for transmission has not been defined. Infections with the organism are worldwide and appear in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient individuals. Symptoms generally attributed to B. hominis infection are nonspecific, and the need for treatment is debated. If treatment appears warranted, metronidazole is suggested as the drug of choice, although failures of this drug in eradicating the organism have been reported. Infection is diagnosed by light microscopic examination of stained smears or wet mounts of fecal material. Most laboratories identify B. hominis by observing the vacuolar form, although morphological studies indicate that other forms, such as the cyst form and multivacuolar form, also should be sought for diagnosis.

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11

Stenzel, D. J., and P. F. Boreham. "Blastocystis hominis revisited." Clinical microbiology reviews 9, no. 4 (1996): 563–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.9.4.563-584.1996.

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12

Norton, Robert. "Mycoplasma hominis pneumonia." Medical Journal of Australia 158, no. 5 (March 1993): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb121814.x.

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13

Gallagher, Patrick G., and John S. Venglarcik. "BLASTOCYSTIS HOMINIS ENTERITIS." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 4, no. 5 (September 1985): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198509000-00026.

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14

Boreham, Robyn E., Susan Benson, Deborah J. Stenzel, and Peter FL Boreham. "Blastocystis hominis infection." Lancet 348, no. 9022 (July 1996): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)65587-0.

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15

Bavbek, M., H. Caner, H. Arslan, B. Demirhan, S. Tunçbilek, and N. Altinörs. "CerebralDermabacter hominis abscess." Infection 26, no. 3 (May 1998): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02771848.

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16

Debongnie, J. C. "Gastrospirillum hominis prevalence." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 39, no. 8 (August 1994): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02087765.

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17

Dollie, Qaasim, Andrie Stroebel, and Sylvio Provenzano. "Mycoplasma Hominis Mediastinitis." Heart, Lung and Circulation 26 (2017): S364—S365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2017.03.036.

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18

Al-Masri, Motasem Y., Intesar Khaleel Ashour, Ashraf Swafta, and Sami Al-Shunar. "Prevalence of Certain Urogenital Bacterial Mollicutes in Patients Suffering from Infertility." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2022 (March 22, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2812788.

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Introduction. Mollicutes urogenital tract infections are considered a possible cause of infertility worldwide. Genital Mollicutes infections are difficult and impractical to diagnose by culturing or serology. Mollicutes included in this study were Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma genitalium. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of M. hominis, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalium genital infections among infertile males and females patients. Methods. This study included 103 patients who visited Al-Shunar Clinic in Nablus city in Palestine and diagnosed with infertility during January 2018 to October 2018. The semen, urine, and/or vaginal swab specimens collected from patients were examined by PCR for detection of M. hominis, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalium. Results. A total of 57 semen, 37 urine, and 16 vaginal swab specimens were collected. Out of the 110 examined specimens, 35 (31.8%) were PCR positive for at least one Mollicutes, which were 16 (14.6%) M. hominis, 11 (10%) U. urealyticum, and 8 (7.3%) M. genitalium. Significant association were found between infections of M. hominis and U. urealyticum ( P = 0.044 ) and between M. hominis and M. genitalium ( P = 0.005 ) infections. M. hominis infection was found in significantly ( P = 0.048 ) higher percentage in males (20.6%) in comparison with females (5.7%). On the other hand, M. genitalium infection rate in females (8.6%) was slightly higher than males (7.4%). M. hominis was more prevalent in all age groups except for patient’s age group 40–50 years old, where M. genitalium was more prevalent. M. hominis was also more prevalent in all occupation types and among all smokers. Conclusion. Urogenital infections caused by M. hominis, M. genitalium, and U. urealyticum could be a possible cause of infertility among patients with different age groups, genders, and occupations. Thus, more attention by infertility centers and physicians is required in adopting molecular methods for diagnosis of infections by these microorganisms.

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19

Watson, Louise, Yee Min Pang, Simon Mitchell, and Andrew Dodgson. "Mycoplasma hominis Meningitis in a 24 Week Premature Neonate: Case Report and Short Literature Review." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 13, no. 4 (January 1, 2008): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-13.4.251.

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Over the last 20-year period there have been fewer than 10 reported cases of Mycoplasma hominis central nervous system infection in either premature or full term infants. The optimum management of M hominis infection in premature infants is still unclear. We report the case of a premature infant with persistent central nervous system infection caused by M hominis treated successfully with intravenous chloramphenicol. Previous reports of M hominis central nervous infection and its management are reviewed.

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20

Miné, Júlio César, and João Aristeu da Rosa. "Frequency of Blastocystis hominis and other intestinal parasites in stool samples examined at the Parasitology Laboratory of the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the São Paulo State University, Araraquara." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 41, no. 6 (December 2008): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822008000600004.

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Blastocystis homins is a protozoan that causes an intestinal infection known as human blastocystosis. This infection is diagnosed by means of parasitological examination of stools and by permanent staining techniques. The present study was developed to evaluate the frequency of Blastocystis hominis infection among inhabitants of the Araraquara region, State of São Paulo, and to compare different methods for investigating this protozoan in feces samples. Evaluations on 503 stool samples were performed by means of direct fresh examination and using the techniques of Faust et al., Lutz and Rugai et al. In addition, the iron hematoxylin, trichrome and modified Kinyoun staining techniques were used. Out of the 503 samples examined, 174 (34.6%) were found to be positive for the presence of intestinal parasites. The most frequent protozoa and helminths were Entamoeba coli (14.6%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (6.7%), respectively. Blastocystis hominis was present in 23 (4.6%) fecal samples, with a predominately pasty consistency and without characterizing a condition of diarrhea. Despite the low frequency of Blastocystis hominis found in the Araraquara region, compared with other regions of Brazil, it is important to perform laboratory diagnostic tests for this protozoan. Its finding in fecal material is indicative of food and drinking water contamination. Since the transmission route for this parasite is accepted to be oral-fecal, this implies that the population needs guidance regarding hygiene and basic sanitation measures as a means for controlling health problems caused by enteroparasites.

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21

Olsson, Mats, Christer Lidman, Sophie Latouche, Anders Björkman, Patricia Roux, Ewert Linder, and Mats Wahlgren. "Identification of Pneumocystis cariniif. sp. hominis Gene Sequences in Filtered Air in Hospital Environments." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 6 (1998): 1737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.6.1737-1740.1998.

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To evaluate the risk of a nosocomial spread of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis (P. carinii hominis), air filter samples from rooms of P. cariniipneumonia (PCP) patients, adjacent corridors, and other hospital environments have been investigated for the presence of P. carinii hominis. Amplified DNA from air filters and sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the PCP patients have been genotyped with the P. carinii hominis genes of the mitochondrial large-subunit (mtLSU) rRNA and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of the rRNA. Genotypes of the two loci were identified by direct sequencing, and for site 85 of the mtLSU locus, three allele-specific PCR assays were used. P. carinii hominis DNA was identified in the air of five of seven PCP patient rooms and in the air of two of four air filtrations from the ward corridors. The P. carinii hominis genotypes were the same in four of the five room air samples as those in the corresponding patients, suggesting a risk of person-to-person transmission ofP. carinii hominis from PCP patients. Three of 16 air samples collected in infectious disease wards without the presence of PCP patients and one sample from a cardiology unit in a separate hospital building were also positive, which further strengthens the possibility of acquisition of P. carinii hominis from the environment.

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22

Voineagu, Lavinia, Victoria Braga, Mihaela Botnarciuc, Adina Barbu, and Mirela Tataru. "Emergence of Staphylococcus hominis Strains in General Infections." ARS Medica Tomitana 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10307-012-0016-8.

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Abstract A retrospective analysis of microbiology data from general infections was performed. From 105 isolates strains of Staphylococcus spp. 36 (34,28%) were Staphylococcus epidermidis, 33 (31,42%) Staphylococcus aureus, 21 (20%) Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and 15 (14,28%) were Staphylococcus hominis. Results: S. hominis isolates were predominantly resistant to betalactamins (93,33 %) and even Imidazole (60 %). 53,33 % of strains were resistent to aminosides and 33,33 % to Ciprofloxacin. All strains (100%) were sensitive to Vancomycin, but also all were susceptibile to Quinupristin-Dalfopristin. A high percentage of S. hominis were sensitive to Moxifloxacin, Linezolid (93,33 %), and to teicoplanin (86,67%). Discussion: S. hominis is a member of skin normal flora, but all strains of S. hominis were isolated from generalized infection with a high rate of mortality.

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23

Johnson, Anne M., Karl Linden, Kristina M. Ciociola, Ricardo De Leon, Giovanni Widmer, and Paul A. Rochelle. "UV Inactivation of Cryptosporidium hominis as Measured in Cell Culture." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 5 (May 2005): 2800–2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.5.2800-2802.2005.

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ABSTRACT The Cryptosporidium spp. UV disinfection studies conducted to date have used Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. However, Cryptosporidium hominis predominates in human cryptosporidiosis infections, so there is a critical need to assess the efficacy of UV disinfection of C. hominis. This study utilized cell culture-based methods to demonstrate that C. hominis oocysts displayed similar levels of infectivity and had the same sensitivity to UV light as C. parvum. Therefore, the water industry can be confident about extrapolating C. parvum UV disinfection data to C. hominis oocysts.

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24

Raherison, S., P. Gonzalez, H. Renaudin, A. Charron, C. Bébéar, and C. M. Bébéar. "Increased Expression of Two Multidrug Transporter-Like Genes Is Associated with Ethidium Bromide and Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Mycoplasma hominis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 1 (January 2005): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.1.421-424.2005.

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ABSTRACT Two genes, md1 and md2, coding for multidrug resistance ATP-binding cassette transporters were identified in Mycoplasma hominis PG21. Expression of these two genes, quantified by quantitative competitive reverse transcription-PCR, was significantly increased in ethidium bromide-resistant strains of M. hominis compared to that in M. hominis PG21.

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25

Thi Trung Thu, Tran, Valentina Margarita, Anna Rita Cocco, Alessandra Marongiu, Daniele Dessì, Paola Rappelli, and Pier Luigi Fiori. "Trichomonas vaginalis Transports Virulent Mycoplasma hominis and Transmits the Infection to Human Cells after Metronidazole Treatment: A Potential Role in Bacterial Invasion of Fetal Membranes and Amniotic Fluid." Journal of Pregnancy 2018 (August 2, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5037181.

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Mycoplasma hominis is considered an opportunistic pathogen able to colonize the lower urogenital tract; in females the infection is associated with severe pregnancy and postpartum complications, including abortion, endometritis, preterm delivery, and low birth weight. Molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and virulence effectors remain poorly characterized. A number of studies in the last decade have demonstrated that M. hominis can establish an endosymbiotic relationship with Trichomonas vaginalis, a urogenital parasitic protozoon, also associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recently, two bacterial genes (alr and goiB) associated with amniotic cavity invasion and a single gene (goiC) associated with intra-amniotic infections and high risk of preterm delivery have been identified in M. hominis isolated from a group of pregnant patients. In this work we demonstrate that a high number of M. hominis intracellularly associated with T. vaginalis have goiC gene, in association with alr and goiB. In addition, we demonstrate that metronidazole treatment of M. hominis-infected T. vaginalis allows delivering viable intracellular goiC positive M. hominis from antibiotic-killed protozoa and that free M. hominis can infect human cell cultures. Results suggest that molecular diagnostic strategies to identify both pathogens and their virulence genes should be adopted to prevent severe complications during pregnancy.

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26

Al-Trad, Esra’a I., Ainal Mardziah Che Hamzah, Suat Moi Puah, Kek Heng Chua, Stephen M. Kwong, Chew Chieng Yeo, and Ching Hoong Chew. "Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus hominis ShoR14 Clinical Isolate from Terengganu, Malaysia, Led to the Discovery of Novel Mobile Genetic Elements." Pathogens 11, no. 12 (November 23, 2022): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121406.

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Staphylococcus hominis is a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) commensal capable of causing serious systemic infections in humans. The emergence of multidrug-resistant S. hominis strains is of concern but little is known about the characteristics of this organism, particularly from Malaysia. Here, we present the comparative genome analysis of S. hominis ShoR14, a multidrug-resistant, methicillin-resistant blood isolate from Terengganu, Malaysia. Genomic DNA of S. hominis ShoR14 was sequenced on the Illumina platform and assembled using Unicycler v0.4.8. ShoR14 belonged to sequence type (ST) 1 which is the most prevalent ST of the S. hominis subsp. hominis. Comparative genomic analysis with closely related strains in the database with complete genome sequences, led to the discovery of a novel variant of the staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) type VIII element harboring the mecA methicillin-resistance gene in ShoR14 and its possible carriage of a SCCfus element that encodes the fusidic acid resistance gene (fusC). Up to seven possible ShoR14 plasmid contigs were identified, three of which harbored resistance genes for tetracycline (tetK), chloramphenicol (catA7), macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B (ermC). Additionally, we report the discovery of a novel mercury-resistant transposon, Tn7456, other genomic islands, and prophages which make up the S. hominis mobilome.

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27

Plummer, Erica L., Lenka A. Vodstrcil, Kaveesha Bodiyabadu, Gerald L. Murray, Michelle Doyle, Rosie L. Latimer, Christopher K. Fairley, et al. "Are Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum Associated With Specific Genital Symptoms and Clinical Signs in Nonpregnant Women?" Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, no. 4 (January 27, 2021): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab061.

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Abstract Background There is limited evidence supporting an association between Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum with symptoms or disease in nonpregnant women. However, testing and reporting of these organisms frequently occurs, in part due to their inclusion in multiplex-PCR assays for sexually transmitted infection (STI) detection. We investigated if M. hominis, U. urealyticum, and U. parvum were associated with symptoms and/or signs in nonpregnant women attending a sexual health service. Methods Eligible women attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre completed a questionnaire regarding sexual practices and symptoms. Symptomatic women underwent examination. Women were assessed for bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and tested for M. hominis, U. urealyticum, and U. parvum, and 4 nonviral STIs using a commercial multiplex-PCR. Results 1272 women were analyzed. After adjusting for STIs and VVC, M. hominis was associated with abnormal vaginal discharge (aOR = 2.70, 95%CI:1.92–3.79), vaginal malodor (aOR = 4.27, 95%CI:3.08–5.91), vaginal pH > 4.5 (aOR = 4.27, 95%CI:3.22–5.66), and presence of clue cells (aOR = 8.08, 95%CI:5.68–11.48). Ureaplasma spp. were not associated with symptoms/signs. Bacterial vaginosis was strongly associated with M. hominis (aOR = 8.01, 95%CI:5.99–10.71), but was not associated with either Ureaplasma spp. In stratified analyses, M. hominis was associated with self-reported vaginal malodor and clinician-recorded vaginal discharge in women with BV, but not with symptoms/signs in women without BV. Conclusions Only M. hominis was associated with symptoms/signs, and these were manifestations of BV. Importantly, M. hominis was not associated with symptoms/signs in women without BV. These findings do not support routine testing for M. hominis, U. urealyticum, and U. parvum in nonpregnant women.

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28

Lesiak-Markowicz, Iwona, Julia Walochnik, Angelika Stary, and Ursula Fürnkranz. "Characterisation of Trichomonas vaginalis Isolates Collected from Patients in Vienna between 2019 and 2021." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 12422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012422.

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Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease. TV can carry symbionts such as Trichomonas vaginalis virus (TVV) or Mycoplasma hominis. Four distinct strains of TV are known: TVV1, TVV2, TVV3, and TVV4. The aim of the current study was to characterise TV isolates from Austrian patients for the presence of symbionts, and to determine their effect on metronidazole susceptibility and cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. We collected 82 TV isolates and detected presence of TVV (TVV1, TVV2, or TVV3) in 29 of them (35%); no TVV4 was detected. M. hominis was detected in vaginal/urethral swabs by culture in 37% of the TV-positive patients; M. hominis DNA was found in 28% of the TV isolates by PCR. In 15% of the patients, M. hominis was detected in the clinical samples as well as within the respective TV isolates. In 22% of the patients, M. hominis was detected by culture only. In 11 patients, M. hominis was detected only within the respective cultured TV isolates (13%), while the swab samples were negative for M. hominis. Our results provide a first insight into the distribution of symbionts in TV isolates from Austrian patients. We did not observe significant effects of the symbionts on metronidazole susceptibility, cytotoxicity, or severity of symptoms.

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Tjoa, Enty, Shikha Joon, and Lucky H. Moehario. "Diagnostic parameters of the AF Genital System® for detection of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 10 (October 2021): 030006052110532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211053278.

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Objective The prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum (genital mycoplasma) amongst Indonesian women is poorly understood because of limited availability of diagnostic techniques. We sought to compare the diagnostic parameters of the AF Genital System® with those of culture methods and PCR as the gold standard for identification of M. hominis and U. urealyticum in vaginal swab specimens. Methods This was an observational diagnostic study. Eighty-eight specimens were collected from patients with abnormal vaginal discharge. Detection of M. hominis and U. urealyticum was performed using the AF Genital System®, culture methods, and PCR. Results Compared with PCR and culture methods, respectively, the AF Genital System® had sensitivities of 66.6% and 57% ( M. hominis) and 55.5% and 77.8% ( U. urealyticum). Compared with PCR and culture methods, respectively, the AF Genital System® had specificities of 82.9% and 86.5% ( M. hominis) and 82.3% and 84.8% ( U. urealyticum). Conclusion The sensitivity of the AF Genital System® for detection of M. hominis and U. urealyticum from vaginal swab samples was lower than that of PCR, but specificity was reasonably good (82% to 83%).

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Morada, Mary, Mafruha Manzur, Brian Lam, Cho Tan, Jan Tachezy, Paola Rappelli, Daniele Dessì, Pier L. Fiori, and Nigel Yarlett. "Arginine metabolism in Trichomonas vaginalis infected with Mycoplasma hominis." Microbiology 156, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 3734–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.042192-0.

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Both Mycoplasma hominis and Trichomonas vaginalis utilize arginine as an energy source via the arginine dihydrolase (ADH) pathway. It has been previously demonstrated that M. hominis forms a stable intracellular relationship with T. vaginalis; hence, in this study we examined the interaction of two localized ADH pathways by comparing T. vaginalis strain SS22 with the laboratory-generated T. vaginalis strain SS22-MOZ2 infected with M. hominis MOZ2. The presence of M. hominis resulted in an approximately 16-fold increase in intracellular ornithine and a threefold increase in putrescine, compared with control T. vaginalis cultures. No change in the activity of enzymes of the ADH pathway could be demonstrated in SS22-MOZ2 compared with the parent SS22, and the increased production of ornithine could be attributed to the presence of M. hominis. Using metabolic flow analysis it was determined that the elasticity of enzymes of the ADH pathway in SS22-MOZ2 was unchanged compared with the parent SS22; however, the elasticity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in SS22 was small, and it was doubled in SS22-MOZ2 cells. The potential benefit of this relationship to both T. vaginalis and M. hominis is discussed.

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Hum, Ryan Malcolm, Hajira Iftikhar, Elaine Tang, and Pauline Ho. "Septic arthritis caused by Mycoplasma hominis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 1 (January 2022): e247675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-247675.

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Mycoplasma hominis is one of the most common commensal organisms of the genitourinary tract. Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to developing severe infections secondary to M. hominis, and rarely, septic arthritis. This case report describes the occurrence of septic arthritis secondary to M. hominis in a 27-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), who presented with a 2-week history of left elbow swelling and tenderness, elevated inflammatory markers and joint aspiration findings consistent with infection. Serial blood cultures were negative. She was treated with flucloxacillin; however, failed to respond and so doxycycline was added to cover for atypical organisms. Subsequently, PCR analysis from the joint aspirate found M. hominis on day 16. Fortunately, doxycycline was an effective treatment for this atypical organism. This case outlines the importance of considering atypical organisms such as M. hominis as a cause of septic arthritis in immunosuppressed patients especially those with SLE.

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Kolesnikova, Elena A., Nina F. Brusnigina, Maria A. Makhova, and Anna E. Alekseeva. "The genome structure of ciprofloxacin-resistant Mycoplasma hominis clinical isolates." Acta Naturae 12, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.10941.

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The genome structure of three ciprofloxacin-resistant Mycoplasma hominis clinical isolates was studied using next-generation sequencing on the Illumina platform. The protein sequences of the studied Mycoplasma strains were found to have a high degree of homology. Mycoplasma hominis (M45, M57, MH1866) was shown to have limited biosynthetic capabilities, associated with the predominance of the genes encoding the proteins involved in catabolic processes. Multiple single-nucleotide substitutions causing intraspecific polymorphism of Mycoplasma hominis were found. The genes encoding the efflux systems ABC transporters (the ATP-binding cassette superfamily) and proteins of the MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) family were identified. The molecular mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance of the Mycoplasma hominis M45 and M57 isolates was found to be associated with the Ser83Leu substitution in DNA gyrase subunit A. In the Mycoplasma hominis MH1866 isolate it was related to the Lys144Arg substitution in topoisomerase IV subunit A.

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Jothikumar, N., A. J. da Silva, I. Moura, Y. Qvarnstrom, and V. R. Hill. "Detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum by dual TaqMan assays." Journal of Medical Microbiology 57, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.2008/001461-0.

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Rapid identification of the two major species of Cryptosporidium associated with human infections, Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum, is important for investigating outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis. This study reports the development and validation of a real-time PCR TaqMan procedure for detection of Cryptosporidium species and identification of C. hominis and C. parvum in stool specimens. This procedure comprised a generic TaqMan assay targeting the 18S rRNA for sensitive detection of Cryptosporidium species, as well as two other TaqMan assays for identification of C. hominis and C. parvum. The generic Cryptosporidium species assay can be duplexed with the C. parvum-specific assay. The generic Cryptosporidium species assay was able to detect ten Cryptosporidium species and did not cross-react with a panel of ten other protozoan parasites. The generic Cryptosporidium species assay could detect 1–10 oocysts in a 300 μl stool specimen, whilst each of the species-specific TaqMan assays had detection sensitivities that were approximately tenfold higher. The 18S rRNA assay was found to detect Cryptosporidium species in 49/55 DNA extracts from stool specimens containing either C. hominis or C. parvum. The C. hominis TaqMan assay correctly identified C. hominis in 24/31 validation panel specimens containing this species. The C. parvum-specific assay correctly identified C. parvum in 21/24 validation panel specimens containing this species. This real-time PCR procedure was used to detect and identify C. hominis and C. parvum in stool specimens from outbreak investigations in the USA and Botswana, resulting in identification of C. hominis and/or C. parvum in 66/67 stool specimens shown to be positive for these species using other techniques. From the outbreak specimens tested, the TaqMan procedure was found to have a specificity of 94 %. This TaqMan PCR procedure should be a valuable tool for the laboratory diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis caused by C. hominis and C. parvum during outbreak investigations.

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Khodadadi, Maedeh, Maryam Allahdadian, and Maryam Mohammadi Sichani. "Isolation, Characterization, and Molecular Identification of Mycoplasma hominis in Females With Bacterial Vaginosis and its Association With Epidemiological Factors: A Cross-sectional Study From Isfahan Province, Iran." International Journal of Enteric Pathogens 9, no. 3 (August 29, 2021): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijep.2021.19.

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Background: Mycoplasma strains are frequently found in the human urogenital tract and are mainly associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) which has several adverse outcomes including infertility, preterm delivery, and abortion. The prevalence of BV caused by Mycoplasma species could be associated with different epidemiological factors such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sexual activity, and age. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of BV caused by Mycoplasma hominis and to examine its association with several epidemiological factors. Materials and Methods: A total number of 110 married, non-pregnant women in the 18-45 age range and with BV referring to the healthcare centers of Falavarjan, Isfahan province, Iran were included in this study. BV was diagnosed based on the Amsel criteria, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detecting M. hominis. Then, the association of several epidemiologic factors with the presence of M. hominis was examined. Results: According to the study results, 15.4% of patients (group 1, n=17) were positive for M. hominis infection, while the remaining ones (group 2, n=93) were negative for this pathogen. Statistical analyses showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age range, job, education level of the subjects and their husbands, history of birth delivery and abortion, number of sexual intercourses per week, daily vaginal wash, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status, contraception method, and positive whiff test. However, a higher prevalence of M. hominis infection was observed among the women with previous deliveries ≥2, which was significantly different from the prevalence of non-M. hominis infection. Moreover, a significant association of M. hominis infection with the pH of vaginal discharge and presence of clue cells was detected. Conclusion: An association was found between M. hominis infection and previous deliveries among the studied women, while other epidemiological factors were discovered not to be important determinants in this regard.

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Pereyre, S., P. Gonzalez, B. de Barbeyrac, A. Darnige, H. Renaudin, A. Charron, S. Raherison, C. Bébéar, and C. M. Bébéar. "Mutations in 23S rRNA Account for Intrinsic Resistance to Macrolides in Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma fermentans and for Acquired Resistance to Macrolides in M. hominis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 10 (October 2002): 3142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.10.3142-3150.2002.

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ABSTRACT The mechanisms of intrinsic resistance of Mycoplasma hominis to 14- and 15-membered macrolides were investigated in comparison with those of M. pneumoniae, which is naturally susceptible to macrolides. Radiolabeled erythromycin was not accumulated by M. hominis PG21, but addition of an ABC transporter inhibitor increased the level of erythromycin uptake more than two times, suggesting the existence of an active efflux process. The affinity of [14C]erythromycin to ribosomes isolated from M. hominis was dramatically reduced relative to that to ribosomes isolated from M. pneumoniae. The nucleotide sequences of 23S rRNA of both ribosomal operons rrnA and rrnB and ribosomal proteins L4 and L22 of M. hominis were obtained. Compared to the sequence of M. pneumoniae, M. hominis harbored a G2057A transition in its 23S rRNA sequence, as did M. fermentans, another mycoplasma that is erythromycin resistant. An additional C2610U change was also found in the sequence of M. hominis. Moreover, two M. hominis clinical isolates with acquired resistance to 16-membered macrolides were examined for mutations in domain II and domain V of 23S rRNA and in ribosomal proteins L4 and L22. Compared to the sequence of reference strain PG21, one isolate harbored a A2059G transition and a C2611U transition in one of the two rrn operons, while the other one was mutated only at position 2059, also on the same operon. No mutation was found in the two ribosomal protein sequences. Overall, the present study is an exhaustive characterization of the intrinsic resistance of M. hominis to 14- and 15-membered macrolides and the first description of mycoplasma clinical isolates resistant to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin antibiotics harboring a mutation at position 2611 in the 23S rRNA.

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Bozo, Naila, Christen Ravn, Ulrik Stenz Justesen, and Line Dahlerup Rasmussen. "Mycoplasma hominis septic arthritis in a patient with hypogammaglobinaemia and rheumatoid arthritis." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 1 (January 2021): e237798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237798.

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We describe the case of Mycoplasma hominis septic arthritis in a 58-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis on immunosuppressive therapy with rituximab. Treatment with anti-CD20 antibodies (eg, rituximab) leads to an immediate depletion of B cells and hence risk of reductions in immunoglobulins and increased risk of infections. This effect may last long after drug cessation. M. hominis is commensal to the genitourinary tract in sexually active adults. Extragenital M. hominis infections including septic arthritis are rare, but hypogammaglobulinaemia is a predisposing factor. As M. hominis requires extended culture, special media or PCR analysis, it is not tested routinely, which in many cases delays diagnosis and correct treatment. In our case, a diagnosis of M. hominis septic arthritis was made after 9 weeks by PCR analysis and culture of joint fluid. The patient responded well to an 8-week treatment course of moxifloxacin and doxycycline.

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VERTERAMO, R., A. PATELLA, E. CALZOLARI, N. RECINE, V. MARCONE, J. OSBORN, F. CHIARINI, and A. M. DEGENER. "An epidemiological survey of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in gynaecological outpatients, Rome, Italy." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 12 (February 28, 2013): 2650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813000277.

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SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infections and to investigate associations between their presence in the lower female genital tract and lifestyle characteristics. The study was performed on a population of 3115 women, comparing the demographic and behavioural characteristics of 872 women with U. urealyticum infection and 142 women with M. hominis with uninfected women, using univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of infection with U. urealyticum was 28% and M. hominis was 4·6%. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, intrauterine device, number of sexual partners and age (<35 years) were significantly associated with U. urealyticum while previous induced abortion, condom use and young age at first intercourse (<16 years) were associated with M. hominis infection. U. urealyticum infection presents the same demographic and behavioural characteristics of a sexually transmitted disease. The unprotective role of condom use suggests a non-sexual mode of transmission of M. hominis infection.

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Klein, Cameron, Kandali Samwel, Crispin Kahesa, Julius Mwaiselage, John T. West, Charles Wood, and Peter C. Angeletti. "Mycoplasma Co-Infection Is Associated with Cervical Cancer Risk." Cancers 12, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051093.

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Tanzania faces one of the highest cervical cancer burdens in the world. Recent work has suggested that the bacterial family Mycoplasmataceae is associated with higher levels of human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and pre-cancerous cervical lesions. Mycoplasmataceae infection in Tanzania is not well understood, especially when considering the differences between sexually transmitted species of Mycoplasmataceae. To establish the prevalence of common Mycoplasmataceae cervical infections and evaluate their relationship with risk factors for cervical cancer, 1160 Tanzanian women responded to an epidemiological questionnaire and were tested for HIV, HPV, cervical lesions, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma spp., and Lactobacillus iners. A subset of 134 women were used for 16s metagenomic sequencing of cervical DNA to establish the relative abundance of Mycoplasmataceae and Lactobacillus present. PCR detection of bacteria at the cervix found Ureaplasma spp. in 51.4% of women, M. hominis in 34%, M. genitalium in 2.3%, and L. iners in 75.6%. M. hominis and M. genitalium infection were significantly more prevalent among women with HPV and HIV. M. hominis prevalence was similar despite severity of cervical lesions; however, abundance of M. hominis increased significantly in women with cervical lesions. These results emphasize the importance of understanding the relationship between M. hominis and HPV-related cervical pathogenesis.

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Cunningham, Scott A., Jayawant N. Mandrekar, Jon E. Rosenblatt, and Robin Patel. "Rapid PCR Detection of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum." International Journal of Bacteriology 2013 (March 11, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/168742.

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Objective. We compared laboratory developed real-time PCR assays for detection of Mycoplasma hominis and for detection and differentiation of Ureaplasma urealyticum and parvum to culture using genitourinary specimens submitted for M. hominis and Ureaplasma culture. Methods. 283 genitourinary specimens received in the clinical bacteriology laboratory for M. hominis and Ureaplasma species culture were evaluated. Nucleic acids were extracted using the Total Nucleic Acid Kit on the MagNA Pure 2.0. 5 μL of the extracts were combined with 15 μL of each of the two master mixes. Assays were performed on the LightCycler 480 II system. Culture was performed using routine methods. Results. M. hominis PCR detected 38/42 M. hominis culture-positive specimens, as well as 2 that were culture negative (sensitivity, 90.5%; specificity, 99.2%). Ureaplasma PCR detected 139/144 Ureaplasma culture-positive specimens, as well as 9 that were culture negative (sensitivity, 96.5%; specificity, 93.6%). Of the specimens that tested positive for Ureaplasma species, U. urealyticum alone was detected in 33, U. parvum alone in 109, and both in 6. Conclusion. The described PCR assays are rapid alternatives to culture for detection of M. hominis and Ureaplasma species, and, unlike culture, the Ureaplasma assay easily distinguishes U. urealyticum from parvum.

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Hecht, Jonathan L., Margaret McLaughlin, and Scott R. Granter. "Botfly Infestation (Dermatobia hominis)." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 125, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2001-125-0453-bidh.

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41

Zierdt, C. H. "Pathogenicity of Blastocystis hominis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 29, no. 3 (1991): 662–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.29.3.662-663.1991.

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Lee, M. J. "Pathogenicity of Blastocystis hominis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 29, no. 9 (1991): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.29.9.2089-.1991.

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Taylor-Robinson, David. "Thoughts about Mycoplasma hominis." Sexually Transmitted Infections 96, no. 7 (May 4, 2020): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2020-054479.

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AL-WAILI, NOORI S. "Mebendazole in Trichomonas hominis." Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 14, no. 8 (August 1987): 679–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01890.x.

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45

Lambert, M., J. Gigi, and C. Bughin. "Persistent Diarrhoea andBlastocysts Hominis." Acta Clinica Belgica 47, no. 2 (January 1992): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17843286.1992.11718219.

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Søgaard, I. Z., T. Boesen, T. Mygind, R. Melkova, S. Birkelund, G. Christiansen, and M. H. Schierup. "Recombination in Mycoplasma hominis." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 1, no. 4 (July 2002): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-1348(02)00036-9.

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Ramírez Olivencia, Germán. "Blastocystis hominis y diarrea." Medicina Clínica 129, no. 15 (October 2007): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13111717.

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Sohail, Muhammad R., and Philip R. Fischer. "Blastocystis hominis and travelers." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 3, no. 1 (February 2005): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2004.06.001.

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Galantowicz, Barbara B., Marta D. Illueca, Joseph Levy, Joseph L. Rayburn, and David J. Weinstock. "NEONATAL BLASTOCYSTIS HOMINIS DIARRHEA." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 12, no. 4 (April 1993): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199304000-00016.

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Bébéar, Cécile M., and Sabine Pereyre. "Infections à « Mycoplasma hominis »." EMC - Maladies infectieuses 1, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1166-8598(02)00080-7.

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