Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Homme – Effets des herbicides'
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Clair, Emilie. "Impacts des xénobiotiques chez l'homme et le rat : cibles hépatocytaires et testiculaires : comparaisons dans l'écosystème : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travauxe." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2049.
Full textMany xenobiotics (X), including formulations of Roundup (R), that is herbicides based on glyphosate (G), the main herbicide used worldwide, and bisphenol A (BPA), which is widely used in the industry, are studied in this dissertation. Humans are contaminated by a combination of these products, which happen to be endocrine disruptors (EDCs). Our results indicate that R is capable of causing extra and intracellular disturbances (
Yan, Zhixing. "Biodisponibilité et effets secondaires d' herbicides sulfonylurées dans les sols." Perpignan, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PERP0088.
Full textJean-Jean, Patricia. "Contribution à l'étude des herbicides des plantes médicinales." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1W034.
Full textMougin, Christian. "Métabolisme oxydatif du chlortoluron chez des cultures cellulaires de blé : intervention de monooxygénases à cytrochrome P-450." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT034G.
Full textCalas, André-Guilhem. "Neurotoxicité du principe actif d'un herbicide à large spectre, le glufosinate d'ammonium, chez la souris." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2072.
Full textGuilloteau, François. "Fonctionnalisation régiosélective en 5 ou en 4 du cycle 1,2-thiazole : applications en chimie des phytosanitaires." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2269.
Full textSeguin-Callois, Florence. "Effets comparés de deux herbicides l'atrazine et le nicosulfuron, sur un écosystème aquatique expérimental." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30176.
Full textHemmamda, Saâdi. "Cinétique et mécanismes d'hydrolyse du chlorsulfuron et du metsulfuron-méthyle. Effets des tensioactifs." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT034G.
Full textIlmane, Nabil Larue Jacques. "Effets de la contrainte temporelle sur la coordination posture/mouvement particularité d'une situation d'anticipation-coïncidence /." S. l. : S. n, 2009. ftp://ftp.univ-orleans.fr/theses/nabil.ilmane_1798.pdf.
Full textRacinais, Sébastien. "Performance de courte durée en milieu tropical:Influence de la Température environnementale et du moment de la journée." Antilles-Guyane, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AGUY0118.
Full textMuscular power display a significant diurnal increase in a neutral environment only and a 60-minute moderately warm exposure increases muscular power in the morning only when body temperatures are their lowest (Sudy 1). The fact that the passive warm-up effect body temperature can not be combined may be explained by their similar action on muscular contractile properties (study 2). These results point to the existence of a "ceiling" above which an increase in body temperature fails to improve muscular performance. Indeed,our results show that an extremely hot exposure fails to modify short term performance in a moderately warm and humid environment (study 3). Similary to tropical climate,a 30-minute leg immersion in a hot bath in neutral environment may blunt the diurnal variation in muscular power (study 4),whereas active warm-up increases muscular power both in the morning and in the evening(sTUDY 5)
Bordjiba, Ouahiba. "Effets des pesticides sur la microflore fongique du sol : biodégradation des herbicides par les souches isolées." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE18006.
Full textLerivrey, Jacques. "Étude de la complexation des systèmes métal - S-triazines - D-glucosamine : mise en évidence de complexes ternaires." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10123.
Full textLors, Christine. "Impact des produits phytosanitaires sur la diversité spécifique et fonctionnelle de la microflore du sol : cas du dinitro-o-cresol." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Lors.Christine.SMZ9709.pdf.
Full textThe impact of herbicides on the soil microflora was studied through the effect of a model molecule : the DNOC. We first considered the influence of the DNOC on the growth of pure strains of microorganisms selected in 3 microbial groups. Two of the three were defined by their taxonomic position (Rhizobia and Pseudomonas), the third by its functional ability to degrade 2. 4-D. This approach showed that Rhizobia were sensitive, pseudomonas were resistant and 2. 4-D degraders had very different responses to DNOC. This suggests that, in the soil, 2. 4-D degraders may be exposed to important modifications in their diversity with functional consequences. But, this approach cannot reflect what really happens in the soil where physico-chemical and biological protections probably limit the impact of pollutants. That is the reason why, in a second time, we studied the DNOC impact on the structure of two subsets of the soil microbial community : bacteria growing on a non-selective medium and on a medium with 2. 4-D as the main carbon and energy source. We can clearly see that DNOC has destructurating effects on both groups : a diminution of the number of species and a selection of gram negative bacteria. The only difference is in the velocity of the answer which occurs as soon as 7 days for the "total population" and 14 days for the "2. 4-D degraders". Moreover, diversity indices calculated on both morphologic and genetic criteria vary similarly for both populations. We showed a long term based but irreversible convergence of the evolution of control and treated soil samples towards a diminution of the number of microbial species. The DNOC effect ont the metabolic diversity of the total population and on 2. 4-D degraders was then studied. We studied showed that DNOC presence in the soil could modify the metabolic signature of a microbial community defined by the ability to degrade different substrates. The effect is such, that we could consider it as a possible indicator of the ecotoxicological impact of toxic molecules. Functional changes due to the presence of a biocidaal molecule were investigated through its effect on the 2. 4-D degradation in micro-samples. DNOC inhibits the degradation even at low doses where a stepwise effect is observed. This work demonstrates that the soil microbial population reacts to the presence of a chemical pollutant such as the DNOC by a functional and specific adaptation
Gandar, Allison. "Réponse aux stress multiples chez les poissons : effets croisés de la température et des cocktails de pesticides." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30310/document.
Full textCrossed-effects between climate change and chemical pollutions were identified on community structure and ecosystem functioning. Temperature rising affect the toxic properties of pollutants and the sensitiveness of organisms to chemicals stress. Inversely, chemical exposure may decrease the thermal tolerance of ectothermic species, as fish. In this context, we studied the response of a biological model in aquatic toxicology, the goldfish (Carassius auratus), to individual and combined chemical and thermal stresses. In this aim, we exposed the goldfish to environmental relevant concentrations of herbicide and fungicide mixtures at two temperatures for 96 hours or 16 days. The fish responses were assessed from the molecular level to individual endpoints, including omic approaches (proteomic and metabolomic), biochemical analyses (cortisol, antioxidant defenses, cellular energy allocation), indexes (somatic and condition factors) and behavioral assays (sediment reworking, activity, exploration and feeding). Our results showed that individual chemical or thermal stresses induced a general stress response including biochemical, metabolic, physiological and behavioral compensations. The absence of deleterious effect on the global condition of fish suggested the implementation of an efficient and adaptive stress response, while the hypoactivity of fish exposed to pesticide mixtures could entrain a decreased performance and fitness into the wild. At the opposite, the combined chemical and thermal stresses induced reciprocal inactivation of the stress response, with antagonism effect on cortisol secretion, antioxidant defense induction and metabolic compensation. However, increased effect on behavioral traits and decreased global condition of fish were observed. Our study showed that temperature rising sensitized fish to pesticide exposure. Finally, inhibited stress response in fish exposed to pesticide cocktails raises concerns about species conservation an ecosystem under multiple pressures
Perrin-Ganier, Corinne. "Dispersion et transformation de l'isoproturon dans le sol et l'eau." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL074N.
Full textLn order to identify processes that act on herbicide isoproturon transfer in soil and water, several experimental studies were attempted. Ln the field, isoproturon appeared to reach surface soil water early after treatment. Then, the same soil was used to fill lysimeters placed under natural climatic conditions. Rainwater was able to produce large exportations only during the first month after treatment, because isoproturon, not yet fully degraded, was very mobile. Last, experiments under laboratory controlled conditions showed that isoproturon was sorbed only weakly on soil components. On the opposite, some of its degradation products, which rapidly represent the greatest part of residues, were more strongly held to soil
Cherrier, Richard. "Impact sur l'environnement de deux herbicides du maïs : la sulcotrione et l'atrazine : influence du changement d'apports organiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL076N.
Full textThis study investigates the process at the origin of the become of sulcotrione in soil. We did investigate also the effect of various agricultural amendments on the dynamic of the molecule, in comparison to atrazine's. Adsorption characteristics of the molecules on soil were determined by the experiments led in batch. Degradation was followed through time in controlled conditions with incubation as weil as in natural conditions thanks to soil columns. These last were used to assess also leaching of the molecules. Results show a weak affinity of the sulcotrione with soil constituents (23% of the applied dose) as well as an easy desorption (99% of the applied dose) leading a weak hysteresis. It degradation in controlled conditions as well as natural was fairly rapid (20% mineralization, 40% of extractible residues and 30% of bound residues after 60 days). This led to the apparition of two metabolites with mainly CMBA. Percolates obtained in soil columns did confmn the mobility properties of the sulcotrione (14% of the applied dose) after a period of one month. The changes in organic amendments highlighted that the aggregates of soils amended with compost manure, in comparison to traditional amendment, showed a higher stability and a less developed network of interconnected macro-pores. These modifications decrease the availability of the intraaggregates adsorption sites towards pesticides. Our results hypothesize that we would tend towards same environmental difficultes if the sulcotrione was as much applied as atrazine
Nivelle, Élodie. "Évaluation des effets de l'azote et des herbicides sur les indicateurs qualitatifs du sol dans des agrosystèmes contrastés." Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0026/document.
Full textNowadays, the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and herbicides is required to ensure cropping systems productivity and meet the demand for food of a growing population. However, the potential effects of these synthetic products on agrosystem’s below- and above-ground properties have been described to be dependent of soil physicochemical and biological characteristics on which they are applied. Especially, it seems that soils under no-till and continuous cover-cropping, characterized by contrasted edaphic properties as compared to soils managed under annual plowing, may change the non-target effects of certain herbicides. Several field experiments, as well as two mesocosm studies, evidenced that cropping systems conducted under no-till with continuous cover-cropping were associated to increased organic carbon and nitrogen contents, microbial functional activities, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore density, and maize root colonization by AMF. Secondly, nitrogen fertilization induced negative effects on soil biological indicators such as dehydrogenase activity while it improved plant productivity and nymph survival of certain above-ground pests. Thirdly, glyphosate, a total herbicide, increased degradation time of organic substrates, while it did not change AMF activity when applied alone. However, the combinaison of glyphosate plus nitrogen fertilization in a soil fertilized over a 6-year period led to a decreased root colonization of bean by AMF. Thus, the long term nitrogen fertilization is capable to change the non-target effects of glyphosate. Finally, S-Metolachlor, a selective herbicide, increased nitrate content of soils subjected to no-till, while those conducted under annual plowing revealed no effect, and increased ammonium content of earthworm casts in soils managed under no-till with nitrogen fertilization for 6 years. We conclude that the effects of herbicides on agrosystem's above- and below-ground properties are mainly due to the combination with other agricultural practices such as nitrogen fertilization
Brunet, Jean-Luc. "Modes d'action des néonicotinoi͏̈des : étude comparée des mécanismes d'absorption et de métabolisation chez un invertébré, l'abeille domestique (Apis mellifera L.), et chez un vertébré, l'homme." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30007.
Full textThe differential toxicity of imidacloprid (IMI) and acetamiprid (AAP) to human and to the honeybee might be explained, in part, by their absorption and their metabolization. AAP is very rapidly absorbed and metabolized in honeybee and its kinetic of distribution in the organism is similar to that of IMI. AAP metabolization leads to the production of many derivatives that tend to persist in the honeybee suggesting a subsequent (sub-)chronic intoxication. AAP and IMI absorption studies, using Caco-2 cell line, suggest a rapid and massive intestinal absorption in human, involving different passive diffusion and active transports for AAP and IMI. In human, the AAP metabolization by hepatocytes and liver microsomes leads to the appearance of a single metabolite. The major cytochrome P450 involved is CYP2C9 which expression is non-ubiquitous in human. Thus, if single AAP metabolite is toxic for human, the risk for human health will be not generalized in the population
Anthérieu, Sébastien. "Rôle des MAP kinases ERK1/2 et du stress oxydant dans la perturbation de l'homéostasie épidermique par les pesticides organochlorés." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4021.
Full textOrganochlorine pesticides (OC) constitute a major health concern because of their prolonged persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation through the food chain, and potential carcinogen effects in humans. The aim of the current study was to investigate the toxicological effects of OCs on human keratinocytes. First, our works showed that OC induced the ERK ½ and JNK signalling pathways implied in cellular survival, stress and death. Moreover, OC induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which played a critical role in the sustained ERK ½ phosphorylation in the nucleus. Under sustained ERK ½ activation, cell growth was decreased and we observed a reduction of cyclins A, B1 and D expression. This study demonstrates that the ROS generation by endosulfan is implied in the production of DNA strand breaks in HaCaT cells, and that this compound inhibits apoptosis via a ROS-independent mechanism. Furthermore, the impacts of endosulfan on epidermal differentiation processes were studied through a transcriptomic approach. The results showed transcriptional perturbations of genes proliferation and death (cyclin B1, TRAIL), as well as in signalling transduction pathways (MKP3, JNK2). They support that endosulfan is mutagenic and is responsible of perturbations of the MAP kinases pathways regulation, and consequently epidermal homeostasis. These alterations could contribute to mutant cell survival and therefore have possible carcinogenic effects
Lo, Ying Ping Voon Kiat. "Contribution à l'étude des scléroses pulmonaires dues au Paraquat." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M054.
Full textGrébil, Géraldine. "Rétention, dégradation et mobilité tébutame : approche modélisée en conditions contrôlées et naturelles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL097N.
Full textRomdhane, Sana. "Les herbicides β-tricétones : devenir et impact écotoxicologique dans des sols agricoles et caractérisation de souches bactériennes dégradantes." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0027.
Full textThis work aims to describe the ecodynamics of synthetic (sulcotrione and mesotrione) and natural (leptospermone) -triketone herbicides and to estimate their ecotoxicological impact on the bacterial community in arable soils. The processes involved in the dissipation of these herbicides (adsorption and biodegradation) have been studied in soil microcosms. Two bacterial strains, Bradyrhizobium sp. SRl able to degrade sulcotrione and mesotrione, and Methylophilus sp. LS1 degrading leptospermone, have been isolated. A bank of 12 ooo mutants of Bradyrhizobium sp. SR1 was established allowing the selection of two Sul•mutants but interrupted genes didn't code for enzymes degrading sulcotrione. The ecotoxicological impact of synthetic (sulcotrione) and natural (leptospermone) triketones on soil bacterial community was estimated using metagenomics and metabolomic tools. Leptospermone transitory modified the diversity and composition of the bacterial community, in accordance with its persistence in soil. Sulcotrione did not modified neither the diversity nor the composition of the bacterial community. The combination of metagenomics and metabolomics is promising for the assessment of ecotoxicological impact of herbicides on soil microorganisms
Pesce, Stéphane. "Effets de pesticides sur l'activité et la diversité des communautés microbiennes d'un milieu lotique récepteur." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21705.
Full textChapitre C : Evolution des communautés microbiennes dans un cours d'eau soumis à l'apport régulier de pesticides (Jauron, Puy-de-Dôme). Comparaison au cours de 2 années successives (2003 et 2004)
Morelet, Jean Loup. "Effets secondaires induits par les médicaments sur la sexualité de l'homme." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P149.
Full textBaldi, Isabelle. "Effets neurologiques centraux chroniques des expositions professionnelles aux pesticides." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28621.
Full textReyes, Perez Eneida. "Chimie multiphasique des pesticides dans l'air : distribution et photoréactivité." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6048.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the environmental fate of pesticides, particularly in the atmosphere. We are interested on their partitioning between the different phases of the atmosphere and their photolysis in the environment. The partitioning between aqueous and gaseous phases in the atmosphere depends on the Henry’s law constant (H) while the partitioning between atmospheric particulate and gaseous phases is related to their vapor pressure. Henry’s law constants of two widely used herbicides, namely EPTC and trifluralin, were determined as a function of temperature (278 – 293 K) using a device based on a dynamic air/water equilibrium. The obtained results are the first experimental temperature dependence of H for trifluralin and the second one for EPTC. The measurements performed between 278 and 293 K have been used to determine the Van't Hoff expressions of H for both compounds and the corresponding enthalpies of solvation. Our data obtained at 283 K have also helped to calculate that only 0. 3% of gaseous EPTC and 0. 8% of gaseous trifluralin could be scavenged by clouds droplets, which can be considered as negligible. Thus, EPTC and trifluralin are almost exclusively present in the gas phase where degradation takes place through photochemical reactions [. . . ]
Mottier, Antoine. "Effets de l’exposition aux herbicides chez des mollusques marins exploites, approche in vitro chez l’ormeau, Haliotis tuberculata et approche in vivo chez l’huitre creuse, Crassostrea gigas." Caen, 2013. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01153793.
Full textThis work aimed to assess the effects of worldwide used herbicides on two economically important mollusc species : the abalone Haliotis tuberculata and the cupped oyster Crassostrea gigas. The researches dealt with in vitro and in vivo laboratory experiments. In vitro experiments on H. Tuberculata haemocytes were performed in order to assess the effects of an active matter (glyphosate), a commercial formulation (Roundup express : REX) and a mixture of adjuvants (POEAs). Results showed a greater toxicity of exposures to REX and POEAs which appeared to act on biological membranes. In vivo experiments on C. Gigas also clearly demonstrated the toxicity of commercial formulations and adjuvants. Bioassays on early life stages (D veliger and pediveliger) allowed us to assess the toxicity of a relatively large number of active matters (glyphosate, mecoprop, mecoprop-p), degradation compounds (AMPA, 2-MCP), commercial formulations (RoundupR ) and adjuvant mixture (POEAs). Results provided interesting information on the relative toxicity of the tested chemicals and showed the sensitivity of the earliest life stage (i. E. D veliger larvae). Long time exposures (up to 56 days) of C. Gigas juveniles revealed an activation of the defense mechanisms at the molecular level but also physiological perturbations with a slowdown in growth and gametogenesis of oysters exposed to the lowest doses of Roundup and POEAs (i. E at the dose of 0. 1 μg L-1 which could be measured in the environment). Environmentally relevant doses of pesticides cannot lead to oyster mortality but could be considered as additional stressors during the periods prior to summer mortalities
Laporthe, Stéphanie. "Contribution à la qualification des systèmes de ventilation des bâtiments." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0086.
Full textThe aim of a ventilation system is to provide new air and to evacuate pollutants from a room. Furthermore, it contributes strongly to thermal comfort in this room according to the activities, which are realized there. Ventilation constitutes so an important part of the internal climate quality. Works presented in this report study the internal atmospheres quality of the services industries buildings (offices essentially) through two criteria: ventilation efficiency and thermal comfort. It is about an essentially experimental work operated on a full-size cell in steady state. Several heating systems, called "disturbing element', are integrated in order to observe their influence on ventilation efficiency and thermal comfort. The first part of this document is devoted to a bibliographical study on indoor air quality and the parameters relating to thermal comfort rt. Definitions concerning ventilation systems and their efficiency criteria are also given. The second part of this report presents the experimental cell. We present in a third part the results and the analysis of the experimentations. One- and two-zone tests are made. Air temperatures, air velocities and tracer gas concentration fields are established and investigated. From realized measurements, we determine ventilation efficiency and PMV- and PPD-index. Finally, we compare an experimentation case with the results given by a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code. We use FLUENT for this work
Jumel, Audrey. "Effets du fomesafène (diphényl éther herbicide) seul et en mélange avec un adjuvant à base de nonylphénols polyéthoxylés chez Lymnaea stagnalis (mollusque gastéropode) : relations entre biomarqueurs et performances reproductrices." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10045.
Full textKhallouki, Abdelkhalek. "Recherches sur les indices bioclimatiques et le climat perçu au Maroc : le cas de Marrakech, Ouarzazate et Errachidia." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040085.
Full textThe estimation of the human bioclimatic quality by the air cooling index of P. A. Siple and by the THI index (temperature, humidity, index) of E. D. Thom at Marrakech, and the presaharien Morocco (Ouarzazate and Errachidia) had permitted to emphasize the existence of two bioclimatic seasons : pleasant in winter, unpleasant in summer in which the organism must use extremely his thermoregulation mechanisms. However, the similarity between the synthesis of the bioclimatic index and the subjectivity of impressions (or perceived climate) of the inquired persons (native and foreign) is not established. We observed that the psychological effects of the climate weighed as much as the physiological effects in the appreciations of the ambient climate. The bioclimatic formulas, either their problematic application, interpretation and adaptation of their level to every geographic areas, could not surround the entire reality, too complex is it, of the interindividual's variability in the same population and between the foreign population. The assessments of these two categories (native and foreign) are conditioned by the usual environment and the geographic origin. Native population has better adaptation to his climate. The methods of adaptation generally used are to counter the heat excess and the sun radiations, they are measured by the traditional bioclimatic houses and the ksous. Physiologically, his organism seems to dispose a better elasticity. The good weather, the good being are the touristic advantages of the south Moroccan which still not much visited
Polard, Thierry. "Caractérisation des effets génotoxiques sur poissons de produits phytosanitaires en période de crue." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1710/.
Full textThis study aims at evaluating the biological impact of transient agricultural contamination events associated with floods. First, we investigated the genotoxic impact of such contamination events. These measures provide early and ecologically relevant data. Then, after the optimization and validation of the micronucleus assay in our experimental conditions, this test has been used together with the comet assay in order to test the genotoxic potential of 3 contrasted hydrological conditions. Spring flood water has been found to be more genotoxic than winter flood water or water sampled during the basal flow. These results have been compared with those of exposure to experimental mixtures, mimicking field contamination. The genotoxic potential of herbicides mixture has been confirmed, and the complexity of the processes inducing the toxicity during flood events has been highlighted. Second, in order to investigate the contamination pattern during flood events, a protocol allowing the extraction and quantification of the herbicides accumulated in fish tissues has been evaluated
Peres, Florence. "Etude des effets de quatre contaminants - herbicide (Isoproturon), dérivés du mercure (mercure inorganique, méthylmercure), cadmium - sur les communautés de Diatomées périphytiques au sein de microcosmes d'eau douce." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30251.
Full textLanoie, Nathalie. "Influence de l'environnement et des herbicides sur la proportion de grains vêtus, la teneur en huile et les profils d'acides gras de l'avoine nue." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26162/26162.pdf.
Full textVuillerme, Valéry. "Echanges énergétiques entre le nourrisson et son environnement : étude des facteurs pouvant conduire à l'hyperthermie." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2265.
Full textAlletto, Lionel. "Dynamique de l’eau et dissipation de l’isoxaflutole et du dicétonitrile en monoculture de maïs irrigué : effets du mode de travail du sol et de gestion de l’interculture." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3244/01/Th%C3%A8se_Lionel-Alletto.pdf.
Full textEmsalem, Caroline. "Intoxications par le Paraquat et le Diquat, étude pharmacocinétique et index de péroxydation : à propos de deux cas cliniques." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P019.
Full textBlouin, Katherine. "Homme et milieu dans le Nome Mendésien à l'époque romaine (Ier-6e s. )." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE2009.
Full textThe major hydrographic reconfiguration of the Nile Delta which occured betwenn the Roman conquest and the Arabic period together with the intensity of the Roman valorization policies of the deltaic environment rise the question of the role played by the relationships between the Roman state, the society and the deltaic environment in the speeding-up of the fluvial process which gave birth to the modern Nile Delta. On that matter, my attention was attracted by the sources related to the Mendesian nome, a circonscription located in the northeastern Nile Delta and crossed in Antiquity by the mendesian fluvial branch. The papyri found on the site of Thmuis form an exceptional corpus which has not yet been studied in its entirety. Nevertheless, this fiscal dossier, as well as the other written and archeological evidences related to the Mendesian nome, document four revealing phenomena dated from the Principate : the drying-up of the the Mendesian branch, the shift of the nome capital from Mende to Thmuis, the Boukoloi revolt and the massive depopulation of the nome. By reconstituing the man-environment relationships current in the Mendesian nome during the Roman period through the use of the concepts of social representations, fluvial risk and alimentary risk, this study shows how these phenomena resulted from the dynamics which have contributed to the evolution of the Mendesian ecosystem. The study of all the available sources also allowed me to set this evolution in a diachronic perspective (from the Predynastic to the Arabic Period) and thus to identify the elements of continuity and rupture charcarteristic of the Roman management of this area
Vedrenne, Isabelle. "L'influence des climats sur la vie humaine dans la pensée scientifique des XIIe-XIVe siècles." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040189.
Full textHander, Mohammed. "Contribution à l'étude de la bioclimatologie humaine au Maroc : l'exemple d'Essaouira." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040211.
Full textThis study try to show the bioclimatic conditions in Essaouira. The principal idea is developed by the tree important actions of climate: physiological, psychological and pathological the subject is founded on climatic indices, which are debated
Ghanim, Zaïd. "Etude des effets de la stimulation galvanique transmatoïdienne sur les réseaux neuronaux spinaux cervicaux et lombaires chez l'homme." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066156.
Full textNana-Ibrahim, Salim. "Ajustements posturaux anticipateurs et mouvement de pointage du bras chez l'homme, en position debout : effets de la demande de précision de la tâche, de l'unilatéralité du mouvement et de l'expertise motrice." La Réunion, 2006. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/06_09_salim.pdf.
Full textThe “anticipatory postural adjustments” (APA) have been mainly studied either in voluntary arm pointing movements initially described by Belenkii. In the first study, we slightly modified this protocol and ask the subjects to point toward three different targets of 2, 4 and 8 centimetres in diameter. The subjects carried out unilateral and bilateral movements. We measured the APA by recording the electromyographic activity of the deltoïdeus anteriors and of the biceps femoris as well as the kinematics of the right arm. The results show that the target size modifies the temporal parameters of both the APA and the focal movement and that the biomechanical perturbation has an additional impact. Then, by taking the same protocol for the unilateral movements, we were interested in the combined effects of this precision requirement and the sporting expertise. We note that the strategy of the football and the tennis players is specific, both on the level of the APA and of the focal movement
Malotaux, Christophe. "Les Triazines-atrazine entre autres, présences dans l'environnement et dans l'eau." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P242.
Full textMandrillon, Anne-Lise. "Effets de substances indicatrices d’un risque de prédation sur le comportement, la morphologie et les traits d’histoire de vie de la grenouille rousse (Rana temporaria) et du crapaud commun : modulation par un herbicide, l’amitrole." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S076.
Full textIn larval amphibians, predation risk assessment and adaptive anti-predator responses are tightly dependent on the detection of chemical signals released from predators and (or) injured conspecifics. However, such olfactory-mediated processes can be particularly vulnerable to the presence of waterborne chemical contaminants. Thus, the thesis aims to evaluate the behavioural, morphological and life-historical effects of single and combined embryo-larval exposures to a triazole herbicide (amitrole) and to different types of chemical signals indicative of a predation risk in the common frog (Rana temporaria) and the common toad (Bufo bufo). This experimental approach has resulted in a series of scientific articles, and the suggestion of some new research prospectives and measures relative to amphibians’ conservation
Torbey, Sammour Nathalie. "Amélioration du confort thermique par conditionnement thermique à proximité." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1335.
Full textDessus, Philippe. "Modèles décisionnels et prédictifs dans la planification de séquences d'enseignement assistée par ordinateur : les effets de l'expérience et de la connaissance." Grenoble 2, 1994. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01822207.
Full textThe purpose is to test both decision theory and cognitive psychology models in order to describe teacghers'planning, using the expert-novice paradigm. Our two main hypothesis are: -teachers are rational when confronted by teaching situations is the form decision tress; -a computer program with besic action schematas, modifiable and adjustable, can help teachez's planning two experiments, whose factors are teachers' knowledge knowledge and experience, are concerned witch the second hypothesis: - in the first experiment, teachers are talking about their classes they plan; -in the second, teachersare planning for fictitious classroom, as resource teachers. The principal results are: -in their didactic decisions, teachers don't rationalize but rather use heuristics; -during planning, subject matter's effect is more important than expertise's effect; - nove teachers' plannings are pupil centered; by contrast, expert teachers' are subject matter and classroom management centered. This results should suggest to explore this new research field: teacher's cognitive ergonomics
Coquillé, Nathalie. "Influence de la matière organique dissoute naturelle et d'herbicides, seuls et combinés, sur des microalgues marines et d'eau douce." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0564/document.
Full textMicroalgae are at the basis of aquatic food webs and may be the indirect target of herbicidesfrom agricultural and urban uses. They also interact with other compounds from their environment such asnatural dissolved organic matter (DOM), which can itself interact with herbicides. This thesis aimed tostudy, in laboratory controlled conditions, the influence of natural DOM on herbicide toxicity to microalgaeby using monospecific, non-axenic cultures. The experiments included: natural freshwater and marineDOM, three herbicides (irgarol, diuron and S-metolachlor) singly and in mixtures, two freshwatermicroalgae (Gomphonema gracile and Sphaerellopsis sp.) and two marine microalgae (Chaetoceroscalcitrans and Tetraselmis suecica). Effects were evaluated on microalgae growth, photosyntheticefficiency and relative lipid content. At the same time, changes in chemical environment over theexperiments were measured through DOM composition and properties, as well as the concentrations inherbicides and their metabolites. The results of this work, which consider for the first time natural DOM asa whole, interacting with microalgae, their associated bacteria and herbicides, demonstrate the key roleplayed by DOM in (i) the growth stimulation of four microalgae (and in return the DOM changes inducedby microalgae), (ii) the modulation of herbicide toxicity and suggest (iii) the ability of Sphaerellopsis sp.and/or its associated bacteria to biodegrade diuron in non-axenic conditions
Joly, Pierre. "Etude des effets de mélanges d'herbicides employés sur le maïs, sur les communautés microbiennes édaphiques : approche en microcosmes." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020037.
Full textBarranger, Audrey. "Étude chez l'huître creuse, Crassostrea gigas, des anomalies génomiques provoquées par l'exposition à des concentrations environnementales de diuron : caractérisation des atteintes, étude de leur héritabilité et conséquences pour la survie et la croissance des naissains." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT2016.
Full textThe aims of this PhD were to determine (1) the effects of the herbicide diuron on the genome of the oyster, Crassostrea gigas, (2) the possible transmission to the offspring of damaged DNA and (3) its consequences on oyster physiology. The genotoxicity of diuron and the vertical transmission of DNA damage were highlighted after parental exposure to environmental concentrations of diuron during the gametogenesis. Primary DNA lesions were detected in both somatic cells and germ cells of exposed genitors. Detection of the oxidized base 8-oxodGuo in gonads shows that exposure to diuron led to an oxidative stress which likely explains the observed DNA strand breaks in spermatozoa. The transmission of these DNA damage was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization: aneuploid nuclei were detected in embryos from diuron-exposed genitors. This hyper- and hypodiploidy particularly concerns 5S and 18-5. 8-28S ribosomal genes localized on chromosomes 4, 5 and 10. Flow cytometry analysis showed survival of hypodiploid individuals at spat stage. This vertical transmission of damaged genetic material is associated with deleterious effects on the physiology of the offspring (developmental defects, growth retardation). Data acquired during this PhD contribute to a better understanding of the long-term effects of exposure to genotoxic pollutants. In the context of massive mortality outbreaks, the presence of chemical pollutants may contribute to a weakening of oysters in case of the presence of pathogens or adverse physicochemical environmental conditions
Marchal-Diez, Catherine. "Les effets de l'intégration de deux étudiants handicapés physiques dans le cursus S. T. A. P. S. à l'U. F. R. De Nancy." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10238.
Full textBidet-Caulet, Aurélie. "Mécanismes neurophysiologiques de la perception de flux sonores chez l'Homme : effets des contexts acoustiques et attentionnels." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189055.
Full textNous avons précisé les mécanismes neurophysiologiques impliqués dans ces processus en explorant les réponses électrophysiologiques corticales à des flux sonores de longue durée, dans différents contextes acoustiques et attentionnels, à partir d'enregistrements EEG de surface ou intracérébraux chez l'Homme.
Les résultats suggèrent un encodage différentiel des attributs fréquentiels et spatiaux dans le cortex auditif. La perception de deux flux sonores simultanés reposerait en partie sur des mécanismes de sélectivité fréquentielle et d'habituation. L'attention auditive faciliterait la sélection d'un son dans un mélange acoustique en augmentant les réponses corticales aux informations pertinentes et en diminuant celles aux sons distracteurs; ces mécanismes étant contrôlés par un réseau fronto-pariétal.