Relevant bibliographies by topics / Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis

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Academic literature on the topic 'Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis"

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Ranocchiari, Marco, Christian Lothschütz, Daniel Grolimund, and Jeroen Anton van Bokhoven. "Single-atom active sites on metal-organic frameworks." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468, no. 2143 (2012): 1985–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2012.0078.

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Single-site heterogeneous catalysis has been recently accepted as a novel branch of heterogeneous catalysis. Catalysts with single-atom active sites (SAHCs) allow the design and fine-tuning of the active moiety, and can potentially combine the advantages of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. This study illustrates how porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be synthesized with homogeneous distribution of SAHCs. The catalytic potential of MIXMOFs is shown. A short overview of catalysis with mesoporous silica materials is described to demonstrate their importance in SAHC.
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Motokura, Ken, and Kyogo Maeda. "Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Ir Complex Catalysts for Aromatic C–H Borylation." Synthesis 53, no. 18 (2021): 3227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1478-6118.

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AbstractAromatic C–H borylation catalyzed by an Ir complex is among the most powerful methods for activating inert bonds. The products, i.e., arylboronic acids and their esters, are usable chemicals for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, and significant effort has been directed toward the development of homogeneous catalysis chemistry. In this short review, we present a recent overview of current heterogeneous Ir-complex catalyst developments for aromatic C–H borylation. Not only have Ir complexes been immobilized on support surfaces with phosphine and bipyridine ligands, but Ir complexes incorporated within solid materials have also been developed as highly active and reusable heterogeneous Ir catalysts. Their catalytic activities and stabilities strongly depend on their surface structures, including linker length and ligand structure.1 Introduction and Homogeneous Ir Catalysis2 Heterogeneous Ir Complex Catalysts for C–H Borylation Reactions3 Other Heterogeneous Metal Complex Catalysts for C–H Borylation Reactions4 Summary and Outlook
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Li, Siyi, Shuo Cheng, and Jeffrey S. Cross. "Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis Impact on Pyrolyzed Cellulose to Produce Bio-Oil." Catalysts 10, no. 2 (2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10020178.

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Effectively utilizing catalytic pyrolysis to upgrade bio-oil products prepared from biomass has many potential benefits for the environment. In this paper, cellulose (a major component of plants and a biomass model compound) is pyrolyzed and catalyzed with different catalysts: Ni2Fe3, ZSM-5, and Ni2Fe3/ZSM-5. Two different pyrolysis processes are investigated to compare homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis influence on the products. The results indicate that the Ni2Fe3 cluster catalyst shows the best activity as a homogeneous catalysis. It can also be recycled repeatedly, increases the yield of bio-oil, and improves the quality of the bio-oil by decreasing the sugar concentration. Furthermore, it also catalyzes the formation of a small amount of hydrocarbon compounds. In the case of Ni2Fe3/ZSM-5 catalyst, it shows a lower yield of bio-oil but also decreases the sugar concentration significantly. Ni2Fe3, not only can it be used as homogeneous catalysis mixed with cellulose but also shows catalytic activity as a supported catalyst on ZSM-5, with higher catalytic activity than ZSM-5. These results indicate that the Ni2Fe3 catalyst has significant activity for potential use in industry to produce high quality bio-oil from biomass.
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Ye, Rong, Tyler J. Hurlburt, Kairat Sabyrov, Selim Alayoglu, and Gabor A. Somorjai. "Molecular catalysis science: Perspective on unifying the fields of catalysis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 19 (2016): 5159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601766113.

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Colloidal chemistry is used to control the size, shape, morphology, and composition of metal nanoparticles. Model catalysts as such are applied to catalytic transformations in the three types of catalysts: heterogeneous, homogeneous, and enzymatic. Real-time dynamics of oxidation state, coordination, and bonding of nanoparticle catalysts are put under the microscope using surface techniques such as sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy under catalytically relevant conditions. It was demonstrated that catalytic behavior and trends are strongly tied to oxidation state, the coordination number and crystallographic orientation of metal sites, and bonding and orientation of surface adsorbates. It was also found that catalytic performance can be tuned by carefully designing and fabricating catalysts from the bottom up. Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, and likely enzymes, behave similarly at the molecular level. Unifying the fields of catalysis is the key to achieving the goal of 100% selectivity in catalysis.
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Wan, Qiang, Sen Lin, and Hua Guo. "Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Theoretical Insights." Molecules 27, no. 12 (2022): 3734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123734.

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Frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) catalysts have attracted much recent interest because of their exceptional ability to activate small molecules in homogeneous catalysis. In the past ten years, this unique catalysis concept has been extended to heterogeneous catalysis, with much success. Herein, we review the recent theoretical advances in understanding FLP-based heterogeneous catalysis in several applications, including metal oxides, functionalized surfaces, and two-dimensional materials. A better understanding of the details of the catalytic mechanism can help in the experimental design of novel heterogeneous FLP catalysts.
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Baráth, Eszter. "Selective Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds via (Asymmetric) Transfer Hydrogenation on Heterogeneous Catalysts." Synthesis 52, no. 04 (2020): 504–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1691542.

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Based on the ever-increasing demand for optically pure compounds, the development of efficient methods to produce such products is very important. Homogeneous asymmetric catalysis occupies a prominent position in the ranking of chemical transformations, with transition metals coordinated to chiral ligands being applied extensively for this purpose. However, heterogeneous catalysts have the ability to further extend the field of asymmetric transformations, because of their beneficial properties such as high stability, ease of separation and regeneration, and the possibility to apply them in continuous processes. The main challenge is to find potential synthetic routes that can provide a chemically and thermally stable heterogeneous catalyst having the necessary chiral information, whilst keeping the catalytic activity and enantioselectivity equally high (or even higher) than the corresponding homogeneous counterpart. Within this short review, the most relevant immobilization modes and preparative strategies depending on the support material used are summarized. From the reaction scope viewpoint, metal catalysts supported on the various solid materials studied in (asymmetric) transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds are selected and represent the main focus of the second part of this overview.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of Chiral Heterogeneous Catalysts2.1 Immobilization of Homogeneous Asymmetric Catalysts2.1.1 Immobilization on Inorganic Supports2.1.2 Immobilization on Organic Polymers as Supports2.1.3 Immobilization on Dendrimer-Type Materials as Supports2.1.4 Self-Supported Chiral Catalysts: Coordination Polymers2.1.5 Immobilization Using Non-Conventional Media2.2 Chirally Modified Metal Surfaces for Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis3 Examples of Transfer Hydrogenation on Heterogeneous Catalysts3.1 Silicon-Immobilized Catalysts3.2 Carbon-Material-Immobilized Catalysts3.3 Polymer-Immobilized Catalysts3.4 Magnetic-Nanoparticle-Immobilized Catalysts4 Conclusions
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Arai, Masahiko, and Fengyu Zhao. "Metal Catalysts Recycling and Heterogeneous/Homogeneous Catalysis." Catalysts 5, no. 2 (2015): 868–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal5020868.

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Chaloner, Penny A. "Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 344, no. 3 (1988): C55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(88)80200-6.

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Lévay, Krisztina, and László Hegedűs. "Recent Achievements in the Hydrogenation of Nitriles Catalyzed by Transitional Metals." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 18 (2019): 1881–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666191007160341.

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Amines are important and valuable intermediates in the pharmaceutical, plastic and agrochemical industry. Hence, there is an increasing interest in developing improved process for the synthesis of amines. The heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles is one of the most frequently applied methods for the synthesis of diverse amines, but the homogeneous catalysis has also received a growing attention from the catalysis community. This mini-review provides an overview of the recent achievements in the selective reduction of nitriles using both homogeneous and heterogeneous transition metal catalysts.
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Abu-Reziq, Raed, and Howard Alper. "Magnetically Separable Base Catalysts: Heterogeneous Catalysis vs. Quasi-Homogeneous Catalysis." Applied Sciences 2, no. 2 (2012): 260–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app2020260.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis"

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Guo, Chris. "Alkane Oxidation Catalysis by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalyst." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/622.

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Abstract Cobalt-based complexes are widely used in industry and organic synthesis as catalysts for the oxidation of hydrocarbons. The Co/Mn/Br (known as "CAB system") catalyst system is effective for the oxidation of toluene. The Co/Mn/Br/Zr catalyst system is powerful for the oxidation of p-xylene, but not for the oxidation of toluene. [Co3O(OAc)5(OH)(py)3][PF6] (Co 3+ trimer 5) is more effective than [Co3O(OAc)6(py)3][PF6] (Co 3+ trimer 6) as a catalyst in the CAB catalyst system. Higher temperatures favour the oxidation of toluene. Zr 4+ does not enhance the oxidation of toluene. Zr 4+ could inhibit the oxidation of toluene in the combination of Co/Br/Zr, Co/Mn/Zr or Co/Zr. NHPI enhances the formation of benzyl alcohol, but the formation of other by-products is a problem for industrial processes. Complex(es) between cobalt, manganese and zirconium might be formed during the catalytic reaction. However, attempts at the preparation of complexes consisting of Co/Zr or Mn/Zr or Co3ZrP or Co8Zr4 clusters failed. The oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol is of great industrial significance. For the homogeneous catalysis at 50 o C and 3 bar N2 pressure, the activity order is: Mn(OAc)3 �2H2O > Mn12O12 cluster > Co 3+ trimer 6 > [Co3O(OAc)3(OH)2(py)5][PF6]2 (Co 3+ trimer 3) > Co 3+ trimer 5 > Co(OAc)2 �4H2O > [Co2(OAc)3(OH)2(py)4][PF6]-asym (Co dimerasym) > [Co2(OAc)3(OH)2(py)4][PF6]-sym (Co dimersym); whereas [Mn2CoO(OAc)6(py)3]�HOAc (Mn2Co complex) and zirconium(IV) acetate hydroxide showed almost no activity under these conditions. But at 120 o C and 3 bar N2 pressure, the activity order is changed to: Co dimerasym > Co(OAc)2 �4H2O > Co trimer 3 and Mn(OAc)3 �2H2O > Co 3+ trimer 6 > Mn2Co complex > Co 3+ trimer 5 > Co dimersym > Mn12O12 cluster. The molar ratio of the products was close to cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone=2/1. Mn(II) acetate and zirconium(IV) acetate hydroxide showed almost no activity under these conditions. Among those cobalt dimers and trimers, only the cobalt dimerasym survived after the stability tests, this means that [Co2(OAc)3(OH)2(py)4][PF6]-asym might be the active form for cobalt(II) acetate in the CAB system. Metal-substituted (silico)aluminophosphate-5 molecular sieves (MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5) are important heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of cyclohexane. The preparation of MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5 and their catalytic activities were studied. Pure MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5 are obtained and characterised. Four new pairs of bimetal-substituted MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5(CoZr, MnZr, CrZr and MnCo) were prepared successfully. Two novel trimetal-subtituted MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5 (MnCoZr) are reported here. Improved methods for the preparation of four monometal-substituted MeAPO-5 (Cr, Co, Mn and Zr) and for CoCe(S)APO-5 and CrCe(S)APO-5 are reported. Novel combinational mixing conditions for the formation of gel mixtures for Me(S)APO-5 syntheses have been developed. For the oxidation of cyclohexane by TBHP catalysed by MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5 materials, CrZrSAPO-5 is the only active MeSAPO-5 catalyst among those materials tested under conditions of refluxing in cyclohexane. Of the MeAPO-5 materials tested, whereas CrCeSAPO-5 has very little activity, CrZrAPO-5 and CrCeAPO-5 are very active catalysts under conditions of refluxing in cyclohexane. MnCoAPO-5, MnZrAPO-5 and CrAPO-5 are also active. When Cr is in the catalyst system, the product distribution is always cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol equals 2-3)/1, compared with 1/2 for other catalysts. For MeAPO-5, the activity at 150 o C and 10 bar N2 pressure is: CrZrAPO-5 > CrCeAPO-5 > CoZrAPO-5. For MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5, at 150 o C and 13 bar N2 pressure, the selectivity towards cyclohexanone is: CrZrAPO-5 > CrZrSAPO-5 > CrCeAPO-5 > CrAPO-5 > MnCoAPO-5 > MnZrAPO-5; and the selectivity towards cyclohexanol is: MnZrAPO-5 > CrZrAPO-5 > MnCoAPO-5 > CrZrSAPO-5 > CrCeAPO-5 > CrAPO-5. Overall the selectivity towards the oxidation of cyclohexane is: CrZrAPO-5 > CrZrSAPO-5 > CrCeAPO-5 > CrAPO-5 > MnCoAPO-5 > MnZrAPO-5. The amount of water in the system can affect the performance of CrCeAPO-5, but has almost no effect on CrZrAPO-5. Metal leaching is another concern in potential industrial applications of MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5 catalysts. The heterogeneous catalysts prepared in the present work showed very little metal leaching. This feature, coupled with the good selectivities and effectivities, makes them potentially very useful.
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Guo, Chris. "Alkane Oxidation Catalysis by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalyst." University of Sydney. Chemistry, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/622.

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Abstract Cobalt-based complexes are widely used in industry and organic synthesis as catalysts for the oxidation of hydrocarbons. The Co/Mn/Br (known as "CAB system") catalyst system is effective for the oxidation of toluene. The Co/Mn/Br/Zr catalyst system is powerful for the oxidation of p-xylene, but not for the oxidation of toluene. [Co3O(OAc)5(OH)(py)3][PF6] (Co 3+ trimer 5) is more effective than [Co3O(OAc)6(py)3][PF6] (Co 3+ trimer 6) as a catalyst in the CAB catalyst system. Higher temperatures favour the oxidation of toluene. Zr 4+ does not enhance the oxidation of toluene. Zr 4+ could inhibit the oxidation of toluene in the combination of Co/Br/Zr, Co/Mn/Zr or Co/Zr. NHPI enhances the formation of benzyl alcohol, but the formation of other by-products is a problem for industrial processes. Complex(es) between cobalt, manganese and zirconium might be formed during the catalytic reaction. However, attempts at the preparation of complexes consisting of Co/Zr or Mn/Zr or Co3ZrP or Co8Zr4 clusters failed. The oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol is of great industrial significance. For the homogeneous catalysis at 50 o C and 3 bar N2 pressure, the activity order is: Mn(OAc)3 �2H2O > Mn12O12 cluster > Co 3+ trimer 6 > [Co3O(OAc)3(OH)2(py)5][PF6]2 (Co 3+ trimer 3) > Co 3+ trimer 5 > Co(OAc)2 �4H2O > [Co2(OAc)3(OH)2(py)4][PF6]-asym (Co dimerasym) > [Co2(OAc)3(OH)2(py)4][PF6]-sym (Co dimersym); whereas [Mn2CoO(OAc)6(py)3]�HOAc (Mn2Co complex) and zirconium(IV) acetate hydroxide showed almost no activity under these conditions. But at 120 o C and 3 bar N2 pressure, the activity order is changed to: Co dimerasym > Co(OAc)2 �4H2O > Co trimer 3 and Mn(OAc)3 �2H2O > Co 3+ trimer 6 > Mn2Co complex > Co 3+ trimer 5 > Co dimersym > Mn12O12 cluster. The molar ratio of the products was close to cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone=2/1. Mn(II) acetate and zirconium(IV) acetate hydroxide showed almost no activity under these conditions. Among those cobalt dimers and trimers, only the cobalt dimerasym survived after the stability tests, this means that [Co2(OAc)3(OH)2(py)4][PF6]-asym might be the active form for cobalt(II) acetate in the CAB system. Metal-substituted (silico)aluminophosphate-5 molecular sieves (MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5) are important heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of cyclohexane. The preparation of MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5 and their catalytic activities were studied. Pure MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5 are obtained and characterised. Four new pairs of bimetal-substituted MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5(CoZr, MnZr, CrZr and MnCo) were prepared successfully. Two novel trimetal-subtituted MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5 (MnCoZr) are reported here. Improved methods for the preparation of four monometal-substituted MeAPO-5 (Cr, Co, Mn and Zr) and for CoCe(S)APO-5 and CrCe(S)APO-5 are reported. Novel combinational mixing conditions for the formation of gel mixtures for Me(S)APO-5 syntheses have been developed. For the oxidation of cyclohexane by TBHP catalysed by MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5 materials, CrZrSAPO-5 is the only active MeSAPO-5 catalyst among those materials tested under conditions of refluxing in cyclohexane. Of the MeAPO-5 materials tested, whereas CrCeSAPO-5 has very little activity, CrZrAPO-5 and CrCeAPO-5 are very active catalysts under conditions of refluxing in cyclohexane. MnCoAPO-5, MnZrAPO-5 and CrAPO-5 are also active. When Cr is in the catalyst system, the product distribution is always cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol equals 2-3)/1, compared with 1/2 for other catalysts. For MeAPO-5, the activity at 150 o C and 10 bar N2 pressure is: CrZrAPO-5 > CrCeAPO-5 > CoZrAPO-5. For MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5, at 150 o C and 13 bar N2 pressure, the selectivity towards cyclohexanone is: CrZrAPO-5 > CrZrSAPO-5 > CrCeAPO-5 > CrAPO-5 > MnCoAPO-5 > MnZrAPO-5; and the selectivity towards cyclohexanol is: MnZrAPO-5 > CrZrAPO-5 > MnCoAPO-5 > CrZrSAPO-5 > CrCeAPO-5 > CrAPO-5. Overall the selectivity towards the oxidation of cyclohexane is: CrZrAPO-5 > CrZrSAPO-5 > CrCeAPO-5 > CrAPO-5 > MnCoAPO-5 > MnZrAPO-5. The amount of water in the system can affect the performance of CrCeAPO-5, but has almost no effect on CrZrAPO-5. Metal leaching is another concern in potential industrial applications of MeAPO-5 and MeSAPO-5 catalysts. The heterogeneous catalysts prepared in the present work showed very little metal leaching. This feature, coupled with the good selectivities and effectivities, makes them potentially very useful.
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Schätz, Alexander. "Immobilization of homogeneous catalysts on nanoparticles and their application in semi-heterogeneous catalysis." kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2009/1239/.

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Mirza, Amin Ruhul. "Developments in supported aqueous-phase catalysis." Thesis, University of Bath, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311179.

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Cooper, Christine J. "Catalysts for stereoselective transformations." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548099.

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Richardson, John Michael. "Distinguishing between surface and solution catalysis for palladium catalyzed C-C coupling reactions: use of selective poisons." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22704.

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This work focuses on understanding the heterogeneous/homogeneous nature of the catalytic species for a variety of immobilized metal precatalysts used for C-C coupling reactions. These precatalysts include: (i) tethered organometallic palladium pincer complexes, (ii) an encapsulated small molecule palladium complex in a polymer matrix, (iii) mercapto-modified mesoporous silica metalated with palladium acetate, and (iv) amino-functionalized mesoporous silicas metalated with Ni(II). As part of this investigation, the use of metal scavengers as selective poisons of homogeneous catalysis is introduced and investigated as a test for distinguishing heterogeneous from homogeneous catalysis. The premise of this test is that insoluble materials functionalized with metal binding sites can be used to selectively remove soluble metal, but will not interfere with catalysis from immobilized metal. In this way the test can definitely distinguish between surface and solution catalysis of immobilized metal precatalysts. This work investigates three different C-C coupling reactions catalyzed by the immobilized metal precatalysts mentioned above. These reactions include the Heck, Suzuki, and Kumada reactions. In all cases it is found that catalysis is solely from leached metal. Three different metal scavenging materials are presented as selective poisons that can be used to determine solution vs. surface catalysis. These selective poisons include poly(vinylpyridine), QuadrapureTM TU, and thiol-functionalized mesoporous silica. The results are contrasted against the current understanding of this field of research and subtleties of tests for distinguishing homogeneous from heterogeneous catalysis are presented and discussed.
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Vaquer, Malia Lydia. "Mononuclear Ruthenium Complexes and their Application in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/42304.

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La tesis presentada es un estudio basado en la síntesis, caracterización espectrocópica y electroquímica y aplicaciones en catálisis de nuevos complejos mononucleares de rutenio con una amplia variedad de ligandos polipiridílicos. La influencia de las propiedades electrónicas de los ligandos coordinados al centro metálico sobre las propiedades redox de los complejos resultantes y su comportamiento en catálisis de oxidación ha sido estudiada y racionalizada. De la familia de complejos Ru-OH2 sintetizados y estudiados, unos pocos fueron seleccionados para desarrollar sistemas más complejos y poder ser utilizados para (a) catálisis heterogénea (obteniendo sistemas catalíticos fácilmente reciclables) y (b) catálisis supramolecular (para poder llevar a cabo oxidaciones regioselectivas de sustratos orgánicos). Para el desarrollo de catálisis heterogénea, nanopartículas magnéticas (NPs) de óxidos de hierro fueron seleccionadas como soporte y los sistemas resultantes NP-Ru presentaron una buena dispersión en disolventes orgánicos y pudieron ser fácilmente separados y reutilizados, obteniendo así un sistema casi-homogéneo, en el que las ventajas de ambos procesos homogéneo y heterogéneo fueron combinados. Como último capítulo de la tesis, se presenta la introducción de quiralidad en el sistema catalítico mediante la utilización de un nuevo ligando tipo pineno tridentado quiral.<br>The PhD thesis presented deals with the synthesis, thorough spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization and catalytic application of new mononuclear RuII-OH2 complexes containing a wide set of N- and O-donor ligands. The key influence of the electronic properties of the surrounding ligands on the redox chemistry of the resulting complexes and in the final output of catalytic oxidation reactions has been studied and rationalized. From the wide set of exhaustively studied Ru-OH2 catalysts a few were selected in order to develop more complex systems to be used in (a) heterogeneous catalysis (gathering easily recyclable catalytic systems) and (b) supramolecular catalysis (in order to pursue the regio-selective oxidation of complex organic substrates). For the development of heterogeneous catalysis magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were chosen as support and the resulting Ru-NP systems presented good dispersion in organic solvents and could be easily removed and recycled, reaching a quasi-homogeneous system in which the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous processes were combined. Furthermore, the introduction of chirality into the catalytic systems was also performed in the last chapter through a new chiral pineno-fused tridentate ligand.
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Souleymanou, Myriam. "Pyrene-tagged Ligands as a Bridge between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668974.

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La present tesi tracta sobre el desenvolupament de catalitzadors homogenis que contenen fragments poliaromàtics per facilitar el seu ancoratge en suports sòlids per aconseguir la fàcil separació i reciclatge del catalitzador. Es van triar els grups pirè, ja que és conegut que promouen interaccions aromàtiques fortes pi-pi per apilament en superfícies de carboni. En conseqüència, el treball s'ha centrat en els suports de carboni (nanotubs de carboni, òxid de grafè reduït i perles de carboni) com a suports sòlids per a aquesta estratègia d'ancoratge no covalent en suports sòlids. A més, s'ha explorat un sistema catalític bifàsic com una altra estratègia per al reciclatge i la reutilització de catalitzadors homogenis. Aquest sistema catalític bifàsic, que consisteix en líquids iònics (IL) i diòxid de carboni supercrític (scCO2), s'usa en la reacció de telomerització de 1,3-butadiè amb diòxid de carboni per produir ä-lactona en un flux continu.<br>La presente tesis trata sobre el desarrollo de catalizadores homogéneos que contienen fragmentos poliaromáticos que se han introducido con el objetivo de facilitar el anclaje en soportes sólidos para conseguir la fácil separación y el reciclaje del catalizador. Se eligieron grupos pireno, ya que es conocido que promueve interacciones aromáticas fuertes pi-pi por apilamiento en superficies de carbono. En consecuencia, el trabajo se ha centrado en los soportes de carbono (nanotubos de carbono, óxido de grafeno reducido y perlas de carbono) como materiales para esta estrategia de anclaje no covalente en soportes sólidos. Además, se ha explorado un sistema catalítico bifásico como otra estrategia para el reciclaje y la reutilización de catalizadores homogéneos. Este sistema catalítico bifásico, que consiste en líquidos iónicos (IL) y dióxido de carbono supercrítico (scCO2), se usa en la reacción de telomerización de 1,3-bytadieno con dióxido de carbono para producir ä-lactona en un flujo continuo.<br>The present thesis deals with the development of established homogeneous catalysts bearing polyaromatic fragments that would facilitate catalyst separation and recycling. Pyrene tags were chosen as it is a well-known antenna that promotes strong aromatic pi-pi stacking interactions onto carbon surfaces. Consequently, we focused our attention on carbon supports (carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide and carbon beads) as solid supports for this noncovalent anchoring strategy on solid supports. In addition, a biphasic catalytic system as another strategy for the recycling and reuse of homogeneous catalysts is explored. This biphasic catalytic system consisting of ionic liquids (ILs) and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was used in the Pd-catalyzed telomerization reaction of 1,3-butadiene with carbon dioxide to yield ä-lactone in a continuous flow-manner.
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Kua, Jeremy Goddard William A. "Computational studies of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis by late transition metals." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2001. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11192009-085252318.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--California Institute of Technology, 2001. PQ #3018752.<br>Advisor names found in the Acknowledgments pages of the thesis. Title from home page. Viewed 02/09/10. Includes bibliographical references.
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Formenti, D. "REDUCTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE NITRO GROUP: FROM HOMOGENEOUS TO HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/479447.

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This thesis focuses its attention into two different aspects of catalysis. In the first part, transition-metal complexes were used as homogeneous catalysts for the preparation nitrogen-containing heterocycles (especially indoles) using liquid sources of carbon monoxide. In the second part, in collaboration with Prof. Matthias Beller (Leibniz Institute for Catalysis-LIKAT, Rostock), doped-carbon heterogeneous non-noble metal catalysts were employed as catalytic materials in the hydrogenation of nitroaromatics. In both cases, nitro compounds were used as valuable starting materials corroborating their central role in organic chemistry. Equally, mechanistic aspects (especially kinetics) were taken into account showing how they can play a pivotal role in understanding not only the specific reaction mechanism but also how a catalytic system can be further improved.
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Books on the topic "Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis"

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Can, Li, and Liu Yan, eds. Bridging Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527675906.

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F, Swiegers Gerhard, ed. Mechanical catalysis: Methods of heterogeneous, homogeneous, and enzymatic catalysis. John Wiley, 2008.

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service), ScienceDirect (Online, ed. Mechanisms in homogeneous and heterogeneous epoxidation catalysis. Elsevier, 2008.

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A, Moulijn Jacob, Leeuwen, P. W. N. M. van, and Santen R. A. van, eds. Catalysis: An integrated approach to homogeneous, heterogeneous and industrial catalysis. Elsevier, 1993.

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M, Kolesnikov I., ed. Kinetics and catalysis in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Nova Science Publishers, 2001.

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Zecchina, Adriano, Silvia Bordiga, and Elena Groppo. Selective nanocatalysts and nanoscience: Concepts for heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. Wiley-VCH, 2011.

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Principles of coordination polymerisation: Heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis in polymer chemistry-polymerisation of hydrocarbon, heterocyclic, and heterounsaturated monomers. John Wiley, 2001.

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Bhaduri, Sumit, and Doble Mukesh. Homogeneous Catalysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118872369.

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van Leeuwen, Piet W. N. M. Homogeneous Catalysis. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2000-7.

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Boreskov, Georgiĭ Konstantinovich. Heterogeneous catalysis. Nova Science Publishers, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis"

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Brunner, Henri. "Homogeneous Enantioselective Catalysis." In Chiral Reactions in Heterogeneous Catalysis. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1909-6_4.

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Wu, Lei, Ji Liu, Baode Ma, and Qing-Hua Fan. "Homogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis Using Immobilized Chiral Catalysts." In Bridging Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527675906.ch4.

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Liu, Yan, Zongxuan Jiang, and Can Li. "Emulsion Catalysis: Interface between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis." In Bridging Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527675906.ch8.

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Somorjai, G. A., and M. Salmeron. "Surface Properties of Catalysts. Iron and Its Oxides; Surface Chemistry, Photochemistry And Catalysis." In Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4642-2_27.

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Zhang, Zhaofu, Jun Ma, and Buxing Han. "Catalysis in Supercritical Fluids." In Bridging Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527675906.ch13.

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Huang, Jiahui, and Masatake Haruta. "Heterogeneous Catalysis by Gold Clusters." In Bridging Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527675906.ch11.

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Brown, J. M. "Selective Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 53 - Further Perspectives in Organic Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720349.ch10.

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Liu, Shifang, and Jianliang Xiao. "Catalysis in and on Water." In Bridging Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527675906.ch6.

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Yang, Qihua, and Can Li. "Catalysis in Porous-Material-Based Nanoreactors: a Bridge between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis." In Bridging Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527675906.ch10.

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Deng, Youquan, Feng Shi, and Qinghua Zhang. "Catalytic Reactions in or by Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: Bridging the Gap between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis." In Bridging Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527675906.ch2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis"

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Willetts, D. V., and M. R. Harris. "Homogeneous Catalysis for CO2 Lasers." In Coherent Laser Radar. Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/clr.1991.mc2.

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The attainment of long sealed gas lifetimes is one of the few outstanding areas of carbon dioxide laser technology which need to be addressed. Electron impact dissociation of carbon dioxide can be overcome by use of a catalyst to recombine the carbon monoxide and oxygen so formed. Heterogeneous catalysts have been extensively studied; although effective, such catalysts necessarily introduce problems of dust release in a vibrating environment and impedance to gas flow. In addition, attention must be paid to isotopic exchange between catalyst and gas. These difficulties disappear if a suitable homogenous catalyst can be found.
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SOMORJAI, GABOR A., RONG YE, TYLER J. HURLBURT, and KAIRAT SABYROV. "INTEGRATION OF THE THREE FIELDS OF CATALYSIS: HETEROGENEOUS, HOMOGENEOUS, AND ENZYME." In 24th International Solvay Conference on Chemistry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813237179_0013.

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Grimaud, Alexis. "Oxygen Evolution Reaction on the Surface of Transition Metal Oxides – Heterogeneous or Homogeneous catalysis?" In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2018. Fundació Scito, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.fallmeeting.2018.185.

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Grimaud, Alexis. "Oxygen Evolution Reaction on the Surface of Transition Metal Oxides – Heterogeneous or Homogeneous catalysis?" In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2018. Fundació Scito, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2018.185.

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Handojo, Lienda, Ilham Ardiyanto Putra, Muhammad Mufti Azis, Tirto Prakoso, Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja, and Antonius Indarto. "Isomerization of turpentine using various heterogeneous and homogeneous acid catalysts." In THE 11TH REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (RCChE 2018). Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5095034.

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Rakhi, Rakhi, Vivien Günther, Jana Richter, and Fabian Mauss. "Steam reforming of methane over a nickel-based catalyst." In 63rd International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2022, Trondheim, Norway, September 20-21, 2022. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp192034.

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Steam reforming is a promising route to convert natural gas into syngas - a mixture of H2 and CO, used as a feed stock e.g. for ammonia, methanol and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis processes. For the industrial application of steam reforming, a detailed understanding of the process is a prerequisite. Models that capture the detailed homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction kinetics and the comprehensive transport processes as well as their interaction have the potential to optimize the catalytic process without expensive experimental campaigns. In the present work, a one-dimensional model, LOGEcat is used to carry out a detailed investigation considering a multi-step reaction mechanism for modeling steam reforming of methane over nickel-based catalyst. The model is computationally cost effective due to the reduction in dimensionality, in contrast to experimental investigations which are not always feasible or 2D/3D simulations which are computationally expensive. The 1D tool is based on a series of perfectly stirred reactors (PSR) and is applicable to the simulation of all standard after-treatment catalytic processes of combustion exhaust gas as well as other chemical processes involving heterogeneous catalysis such as the Sabatier process. We have applied the model to perform the simulations for various reactor conditions in terms of parameters such as temperature, pressure, velocity and steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio. Several chemical reaction terms have been analyzed and the results are compared with 2D simulation and experimental reference data. We note a very good agreement of the various profiles produced with the cost-effective reduced order model in comparison to the reference data.
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Tsujikawa, Y., S. Fujii, H. Sadamori, S. Ito, and S. Katsura. "Flow Analysis of High Pressure Catalytic Combustor for Gas Turbine." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-351.

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The objective of this paper is modeling the mechanism of high temperature catalytic oxidation of natural gas, or methane. The model is two-dimensional steady-state, and includes axial and radial convection and diffusion of mass, momentum and energy, as well as homogeneous (gas phase) and heterogeneous (gas-surface) single step irreversible chemical reactions within a catalyst channel. Experimental investigations were also made of natural gas, or methane combustion in the presence of Mn-substituted hexaaluminate catalysts. Axial profiles of catalyst wall temperature, and gas temperature and gas composition for a range of gas turbine combustor operating conditions have been obtained for comparison with and development of a computer model of catalytic combustion. Numerical calculation results for low pressure agree well with experimental data. The calculations have been extended for high pressure (10 atms) operating conditions of gas turbine.
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Nogueira Rabelo, Sabrina, Leandro Oliveira, and Adriana França. "Biodiesel production from microwave irradiated reactor using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst." In 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-0787.

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Alturkistani, Sultan, Haoyi Wang, Kiran Yalamanchi, Ribhu Gautam, and Mani Sarathy. "High-Throughput Experiments and Kinetic Modeling of Oxidative Coupling of Methane, OCM Over La2O3/CeO2 Catalyst." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210942-ms.

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Abstract A reliable dataset covering a parametric space of process conditions is essential for realizing catalyst informatics. A high-throughput screening (HTS) instrument was employed to obtain a parametric dataset to develop a detailed reaction microkinetic model for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) over La2O3/CeO2 catalyst. The model was combined with well-validated gas-phase kinetics to describe the interactions between homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction chemistry. Methane and oxygen conversions and selectivities of ethylene, ethane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide were measured experimentally in the temperature range of 500-800 °C, CH4/O2 ratio between 3-13, and pressure between 1 to 10 bar. The proposed reaction network consists of 52 irreversible elementary steps describing catalytic reactions between 11 surface species and 123 reversible steps describing the contribution of gas-phase between 25 species. A packed-bed reactor model was developed based on dimensions of experimental setup and catalyst characterization results to account for homogeneous-heterogeneous interactions. The proposed mechanism was tested and validated over a wide range of operating conditions and showed a reasonable fit with an average difference of less than 5% compared to experimentally measured methane conversion and selectivities of ethylene and ethane. Rate-of-production (ROP) and sensitivity analysis were performed to identify main reaction pathways and highlight the important reactions in the OCM.
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Veser, G., G. Friedrich, M. Freygang, and R. Zengerle. "A Simple and Flexible Micro Reactor for Investigations on Heterogeneous Catalytic Gas Phase Reactions." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1243.

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Abstract Micro reactors, i.e. chemical reactors with characteristic dimensions in the sub-millimeter range, hold great promise for novel chemical process routes (Lerou 1996, Wengeng 1996). Among their potential advantages for chemical processes are: the very small thermal inertia, allowing for a very direct control of temperature as a very critical reaction parameter; their inherent safety due to both the small reactant volume being present at any time in the reactor and the well controllable reactor and reaction conditions; and their small dimensions, making them easy to integrate into existing processes or to use them where space requirements are critical. Furthermore, for heterogeneously catalysed gas phase reactions, micro reactors offer the additional advantage of allowing for a very large surface to volume ratio. This should at least theoretically allow for an effective suppression of homogeneous gas phase reactions, since free surfaces typically are strong sinks for radical species which are required to keep the homogeneous reaction alive. Therefore, it should be possible to conduct a heterogeneously catalysed reaction involving a mixture of potentially flammable (if not explosive) gases in a micro reactor without any danger of open flames and explosion. This has the two-fold advantage, that not only the reaction becomes intrinsically safe, but it should also be possible to study heterogeneously catalysed high-temperature reactions without influences by parallel homogeneous reaction Pathways, making it a very valuable tool for research into this class of reactions.
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Reports on the topic "Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis"

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Shilov, V. P., A. A. Bessonov, A. Y. Garnov, and A. V. Gelis. Investigation on application of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis for alkaline waste treatment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/555272.

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Ye, Rong. Development of Molecular Catalysts to Bridge the Gap between Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1488417.

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Finke, R. G. Polyoxoanion mediated methane activation and functionalization: Molecular design of new homogeneous and new solid state/heterogeneous catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6082064.

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Hampden-Smith, M., J. S. Kawola, A. Martino, A. G. Sault, and S. A. Yamanaka. Highly Dispersed Pseudo-Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts Synthesized via Inverse Micelle Solutions for the Liquefaction of Coal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2606.

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Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar. CO2 Recycling: The Conversion of Renewable Energy into Chemical Fuels. AsiaChem Magazine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00011.

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We want to bring the idea of conversion of CO2 into synthetic fuels (CO2 recycling) into attention, as a possible approach for transportable storage of renewable energy. Recycling of CO2 by homogeneous and/or heterogeneous catalytic approaches have been investigated with increasing emphasis within the scientific community. In the last decades, especially using organic and bioorganic systems towards CO2 reduction has attracted great interest. Chemical, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, and bioelectrochemical approaches are discussed vividly as new routes towards the conversion of CO2 into synthetic fuels and/or useful chemicals in the recent literature. Here we want to especially emphasize the new developments in bio-electrocatalysis with some recent examples.
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Surko, Clifford M. Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Heterogeneous Catalysis. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389981.

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Landis, Clark R. Mechanisms and Design in Homogeneous Catalysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/979723.

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Olsen, R. J., W. R. Williams, X. Song, L. D. Schmidt, and R. Aris. Dynamics of Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Reactors. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada271694.

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Finkelstein, Maxim S. Shocks in homogeneous and heterogeneous populations. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2005-024.

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Francisco Zaera. Molecular-Level Design of Heterogeneous Chiral Catalysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1036747.

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