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1
Davidson, B. D., Hurang Hu, and R. A. Schapery. "An Analytical Crack-Tip Element for Layered Elastic Structures." Journal of Applied Mechanics 62, no. 2 (June 1, 1995): 294–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895931.
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A previously developed linear elastic crack-tip element analysis is reviewed briefly, and then extended and refined for practical applications. The element provides analytical expressions for total energy release rate and mode mix in terms of plate theory force and moment resultants near the crack tip. The element may be used for cracks within or between homogeneous isotropic or orthotropic layers, as well as for delamination of laminated composites. Classical plate theory is used to derive the equations for total energy release rate and mode mix; a “mode mix parameter,” Ω, as obtained from a separate continuum analysis is necessary to complete the mode mix decomposition. This parameter depends upon the elastic and geometrical properties of the materials above and below the crack plane, but not on the loading. A relatively simple finite element technique for determining the mode-mix parameter is presented and convergence in terms of mesh refinement is studied. Specific values of Ω are also presented for a large number of cases. For those interfaces where a linear elastic solution predicts an oscillatory singularity, an approach is described which allows a unique, physically meaningful value of fracture mode ratio to be defined. This approach is shown to provide predictions of crack growth between dissimilar homogeneous materials that are equivalent to those obtained from the oscillatory field solution. Application of the approach to delamination in fiber-reinforced laminated composites is also discussed.
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Morris, A. J., T. M. Dexter, and J. T. Gallagher. "Metabolic properties of a homogeneous proteoglycan of a haemopoietic stem cell line, FDCP-mix." Biochemical Journal 260, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2600479.
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A biochemical analysis has been carried out of metabolically labelled proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans synthesized by a haemopoietic multipotential stem cell line, FDCP-mix. The only proteoglycan identified in these multipotential cells was a homogeneous component that contained chondroitin 4-sulphate chains (Mr approximately 10,000) arranged in close proximity in a proteinase-resistant domain of the protein core. Small quantities of free chondroitin 4-sulphate were also detected. Following a 48 h incubation with Na2 35SO4 the majority of the 35S-radiolabelled proteoglycans (approximately 80%) were associated with the cells, mainly in an intracellular compartment, and the remaining 20% were in the culture medium. Pulse-chase studies demonstrated two turnover pathways for the newly synthesized cellular proteoglycans. In the minor pathway, the proteoglycans were secreted rapidly into the medium without any discernable structural modification. In the major pathway the proteoglycans seemed to be transferred into a storage compartment from which the intact macromolecules were not secreted. Eventually, these proteoglycans were degraded to yield free polysaccharide chains and these chains were then released into the medium, but only at a relatively slow rate. There was very little intracellular degradation of chondroitin sulphate chains. The pathway to polysaccharide secretion was a slow stepwise process with a time-lag of about 5 h between proteoglycan synthesis and the appearance of free chondroitin sulphate and a second time-lag, also of about 5 h, before these chains began to be secreted. The existence of separate secretory pathways for proteoglycans and chondroitin sulphate chains is an interesting characteristic that seems to distinguish proteoglycan metabolism in primitive multipotent stem cells from related metabolic processes in mature haemopoietic cells.
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Lo Presti, Davide, Rawid Khan, Norhidayah Abdul Hassan, Gordon Airey, and Andrew Collop. "Laboratory Mix Design of Asphalt Mixture Containing Reclaimed Material." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/507082.
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This paper presents a study on the production of asphalt test specimens in the laboratory containing reclaimed asphalt. The mixtures considered were stone mastic asphalt concrete mixtures containing up to 30% of reclaimed asphalt. Specimens were compacted to the reference density obtained from the Marshall mix design. Gyration compaction method was used for preparing specimens for the experimental programme, while coring and cutting methods and X-ray computed tomography (CT) were used to investigate the change in properties within the specimens and to validate the selected methodology. The study concluded that gyratory compaction is suitable to produce homogeneous test specimens also for mixtures containing high amount of reclaimed asphalt. Nevertheless, preliminary trials for each material are mandatory, as well as final coring and trimming of the specimens due to side effects.
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Halpine, Stuart, and M. A. Ashworth. "Measuring Case Mix and Severity of Illness in Canada: Case Mix Groups versus Refined Diagnosis Related Groups." Healthcare Management Forum 6, no. 4 (December 1993): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)61131-3.
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This study compares the effectiveness of Case Mix Groups (CMG*) groups and Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (RDRG) in reducing Canadian length of stay (LOS) variability. The effectiveness of the two case mix grouping methodologies was assessed with a common data base, 282,459 abstracts with ICD-9 CM diagnosis codes reported to the Hospital Medical Records Institute (HMRI) from January to March 1989. Death, signouts, transfers to or from acute care institutions and cases with an outlier LOS (“atypical” cases) were excluded from the analysis. HMRI utilization management reports to acute care hospitals use a data base defined in this way. On the basis of the variance reduction statistic (R2) from ordinary least squares regression analysis, CMG groups were found to be slightly more effective than RDRGs in reducing LOS variability. R2 statistics were 45.7 and 43.8 for CMG groups and RDRGs, respectively. Within subgroups of cases, CMG groups were found to be markedly more effective with the newborn/neonate group and to a lesser extent with non-surgical cases. The severity of illness categories within RDRGs did not, over all “typical” cases in the data base, yield more homogeneous groups of cases than CMG groups, which have half the number of categories. The value of tailoring severity measurement to Canadian medical practice and Canadian diagnosis coding is highlighted.
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Luo, Ling Hong, Ye Fan Wu, Fei Wei, Ji Jun Shi, and Liang Cheng. "Synthesis and Characterterization of Flower-Like NiO Nano-Architectures by Homogeneous Precipitation." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.554.
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Flower-like NiO powders with nano-architectures, self-assembled nano-sheets, were synthesized using Ni (NO3)2•4H2O and urea in mix solvents of ethanol and water by homogeneous precipitation. XRD patterns showed that the NiO powders were of hexagonal structure. FESEM and TEM confirmed that the average diameter of the flower-like NiO was 10μm, and the ultra-thin nano-sheets had micro-porous structure, with the thickness less than 100nm and the size of 2μm×3μm. Specific surface area (BET) was around 130.92m2/g.
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Lu, Ting, and Chang Chun Xu. "Preparation of Nanometric Mixed Crystals of TiO2 by TiCl4 and TiCl3." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.81.
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The nanometric mixed crystals of rutile and anatase TiO2 also could be prepared by homogeneous precipitation method using both TiCl4 and TiCl3 as titanium source. The effects of hard point, the ratio of TiCl4 to TiCl3and reaction time on the ratio of nanometer TiO2 mix-crystals and photo catalysis were studied. The prepared samples were also characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The results show that nanometer TiO2 mix-crystal with good photo catalytic activity and storage stability can be obtained under the reaction conditions: The ratio of TiCl4 to TiCl3 is 4 to 1, pH=0.5, normal pressure, 95°C for 6 hours. The prepared nanometer TiO2 mix-crystal consisting of anatase of 63.9 wt.% and rutile of 36.1 wt.% is circle with an average size of 25 nm.
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Emeljanova, Inga, Anna Anishchenko, and Olga Dobrohodova. "Means to Enhance Operating Efficiency of the Concrete Mixer Trucks with the Purpose of Highly-Homogeneous Concrete Mix Preparation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.2 (June 20, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.14383.
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Option shall be considered to create concrete mixer trucks for preparation not only of high-flow but also of low-slump and dry type concrete mixes. With these aims it is offered to transfer operation to the cascade mode being characterised by combination of two principles on concrete mix preparation: gravitational and forced action.Design solution of the concrete mixer truck of gravitational-forced operation with spiral-blade shaft has allowed to liquidate available free places in the drum. The dependencies for calculation and arrangement of mix particles motion in the workspace of the machine drum are provided. Graphic performance confirms the absence of free zones.There is description of dependency for determining the homogeneity degree obtained on the basis of the experimental investigation findings.
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Brancato, Anna, Sara L. M. Lo Russo, Anna Sara Liberati, Cristiana Carbone, Silvia Zelli, Giovanni Laviola, Carla Cannizzaro, and Walter Adriani. "Social Interactions of Dat-Het Epi-Genotypes Differing for Maternal Origins: The Development of a New Preclinical Model of Socio-Sexual Apathy." Biomedicines 9, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070778.
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Social interaction is essential for life but is impaired in many psychiatric disorders. We presently focus on rats with a truncated allele for dopamine transporter (DAT). Since heterozygous individuals possess only one non-mutant allele, epigenetic interactions may unmask latent genetic predispositions. Homogeneous “maternal” heterozygous offspring (termed MAT-HET) were born from dopamine-transporter knocked-out (DAT-KO) male rats and wild-type (WT) mothers; “mixed” heterozygous offspring (termed MIX-HET) were born from both DAT-heterozygous parents. Their social behavior was assessed by: partner-preference (PPT), social-preference (SPT) and elicited-preference (EPT) tests. During the PPT, focal MIX-HET and MAT-HET males had a choice between two WT females, one in estrous and the other not. In the SPT, they met as stimulus either a MIX-HET or a WT male. In the EPT, the preference of focal male WT rats towards either a MIX- or a MAT-HET stimulus was tested. MIX-HET focal males showed an abnormal behavior, seeming not interested in socializing either with a female in estrous or with another male if MIX-HET. Focal MAT-HET males, instead, were very attracted by the female in estrous, but totally ignored the MIX-HET male. We assessed the expression of noradrenaline transporter (NET) in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus, finding differences between the two offspring. MIX-HETs’ hypothalamus and hippocampus showed less NET than MAT-HETs, while the latter, in turn, showed higher NET than WTs. These behavioral differences between heterozygous groups may be attributed to different maternal cares received. Results allow preclinical understanding of epigenetic factors involved in social-behavior abnormalities, typical of many psychiatric disorders.
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Davoudi, N., M. Taleai, and M. Molavi. "SPATIO-TEMPORAL ASSESSMENT OF MIXED LAND-USE IMPACT ON TRAVEL DEMAND." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W18 (October 18, 2019): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w18-299-2019.
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Abstract. Urban mobility pattern studies are one of the interesting issues in GIScience which provide appropriate means for urban transportation planning and management. Mobility across the city has a direct relation with the land-use pattern. This paper investigates the spatio-temporal effect of the land-use mix at street level on urban movement. Taxi pick up and drop-off data in Manhattan was chosen as the sample data in this study. Trips are classified into two parts (weekdays and weekends trips) and then the correlation between mixed land-use and number of trips occurred in different time windows in each street segment, is calculated. Results indicate positive impact and moderate correlation between mixed land-use and number of trips. In streets with high Entropy, homogeneous distribution of the number of trips at each time window for the weekend and non-homogeneous trip distribution for employment and commercial and residential areas for weekday trips was observed. Also, in streets with low Entropy, non-homogeneous trip distribution at different time windows for both weekday and weekend were observed upon to dominant land-use.
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Chou, Yon-Chun, Yue-Lan Lin, and King-Fai Chun. "A construction of knowledge rules for reactive planning of job-mix assignment to homogeneous serial batch machines." International Journal of Production Economics 151 (May 2014): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.01.020.
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Hejazian, Majid, Eugeniu Balaur, and Brian Abbey. "A Numerical Study of Sub-Millisecond Integrated Mix-and-Inject Microfluidic Devices for Sample Delivery at Synchrotron and XFELs." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 3404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083404.
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Microfluidic devices which integrate both rapid mixing and liquid jetting for sample delivery are an emerging solution for studying molecular dynamics via X-ray diffraction. Here we use finite element modelling to investigate the efficiency and time-resolution achievable using microfluidic mixers within the parameter range required for producing stable liquid jets. Three-dimensional simulations, validated by experimental data, are used to determine the velocity and concentration distribution within these devices. The results show that by adopting a serpentine geometry, it is possible to induce chaotic mixing, which effectively reduces the time required to achieve a homogeneous mixture for sample delivery. Further, we investigate the effect of flow rate and the mixer microchannel size on the mixing efficiency and minimum time required for complete mixing of the two solutions whilst maintaining a stable jet. In general, we find that the smaller the cross-sectional area of the mixer microchannel, the shorter the time needed to achieve homogeneous mixing for a given flow rate. The results of these simulations will form the basis for optimised designs enabling the study of molecular dynamics occurring on millisecond timescales using integrated mix-and-inject microfluidic devices.
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Mucchielli, F., P. A. Holstein, B. Meyer, N. Périgaud, and O. Vanderpotte. "Self-backlighting study of a mix in a laser-accelerated planar target." Laser and Particle Beams 10, no. 4 (December 1992): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600004602.
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Experimental treating of hydrodynamic instabilities in laser-accelerated planar targets have pointed out the creation of a mix between a heavy material and a light one. The experiment described here is intended to answer the question: “Is this mix homogeneous or is it an interpenetration of both materials in the form of bubbles and spikes?” The method chosen to study the mix is self-backlighting, that is, backlighting of the target by its own X-ray emission. Comparison of the front and rear X-ray pinhole images of the target allows us to obtain information about the local areal density. Indeed, if 20-μm diameter Au dots are deposited on the target rear face some structures corresponding to these dots are observed on the rear image. The resolution imposed by the pinholes is about 10 μm. By using stable targets Au/CH, we obtained a good coincidence between front and rear pinhole images of the target. By doing the same comparison for unstable targets Au/CH/Au, the coincidence of the images is not significantly different from that obtained with stable targets. Therefore, in this experiment hydrodynamic instabilities do not create structures with dimension larger than 10μm.
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Sudheesh, K., and J. M. Mallikarjuna. "Development of an exhaust gas recirculation strategy for an acetylene-fuelled homogeneous charge compression ignition engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 224, no. 7 (April 1, 2010): 941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto1364.
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This paper deals with experimental investigations carried out to develop an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) strategy for an acetylene-fuelled homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. This study involves an analysis of the external inlet charge heating, the use of a mix of hot EGR and cool EGR to extend the load range, and the performance of the engine in the acetylene HCCI mode. First, experiments are conducted on a single-cylinder engine in the acetylene HCCI mode with external electrical heating at different load conditions, and the best inlet charge temperatures at each load condition are obtained. Second, hot EGR or a mix of hot EGR and cool EGR (i.e. the EGR strategy) is used to reduce or eliminate external charge heating and to extend the upper load limit, or to improve the brake thermal efficiency. In both cases, the engine performance is compared with that of the conventional diesel compression ignition (CI) mode. It is found that with EGR, above 25 per cent of load, the upper load limit at different inlet charge temperatures increases by about 16 28 per cent without any external charge heating. Below 25 per cent of load, the electrical heating at different inlet charge conditions is reduced by about 67–87 per cent. The brake thermal efficiency increases by 5–24 per cent under all the load conditions and it is comparable with that in the conventional CI mode. In the HCCI mode, nitrogen oxide levels are less than 20ppm. Smoke levels are always lower than 0.1 Bosch smoke unit. Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions are relatively higher than for the conventional CI mode.
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Grzeszczyk, Stefania, and Grzegorz Janus. "Lightweight Reactive Powder Concrete Containing Expanded Perlite." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 3341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123341.
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This paper presents the test results of the lightweight concrete properties obtained by adding expanded perlite (EP) to an RPC mix in quantities from 30% to 60% by volume of the concrete mix. It has been shown that in these cases it is possible to obtain concrete containing 30% by volume with density of approximately 1900 kg/m3 and the compressive strength > 70 MPa, with a very low water absorption value (3.3%), equal to the water absorption value of RPC without lightweight aggregate (3.3%). However, with the increased quantity of perlite (from 45% to 60%), the concrete density reduction is not observed, as the expanded perlite demonstrates very low resistance to crushing. With the increased amount of perlite, the longer periods of mixing time for all the mix components are required to obtain the homogeneous and fluid concrete mix, what causes grounding down EP. Therefore, using larger quantities of this aggregate in RPC is not recommended. The lightweight RPC shows very good freeze-thaw resistance in the presence of de-icing salt (the scaling mass is lower than 0.1 kg/m2). The above is explained by the compact microstructure of this concrete and the RPC mix location in open pores on the perlite aggregate surface, which consequently affects the strengthening of the aggregate-matrix contact without an interfacial transition zone (ITZ) visible. It has been demonstrated that pozzolanic activity of expanded perlite is much lower than the activity of silica fume and quartz powder, and its impact on increasing the RPC strength is minimal.
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Kapustin, F. L., and A. F. Kapustin. "Influence of Plasticizers on the Properties of Fine-Grained Polymer Concrete." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.72.
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Polymer concretes are used in construction, engineering, electrical and chemical industries. Polymer concrete mixes are characterized by low mobility mixtures, due to their high viscosity. It makes difficult to use them in the production of thin-walled and high-reinforced structures, monolithic floors, application of finishing and protective coatings and repairing of roads. The influence of additives of dibutyl-phthalate, chlorinated paraffin, technical glycerin and engine oil on the mobility of the concrete mix and the physical and mechanical properties of fine-grained concrete, based on polyester resin, was studied. For polymer concretes with different type and quantity of plasticizer the density and bending and compression strength were determined. To improve the workability of the concrete mix and obtain a polymer concrete with a homogeneous structure and high strength, it is recommended to use chlor-paraffin ChP-470A and “Lukoil” engine oil as a plasticizer.
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Zhou, Yue Fa, Xiang Chun Ji, Hong Liang Li, and Zhao Kui Zhang. "Structural Design and the State of Motion Analyzes for Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Electro-Hydraulic Mix-Drive Motion Simulator." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.169.
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This paper has designed a multi-degree-of-freedom electro-hydraulic mix- drive motion simulator, which could move and turn spatially. It has both the advantages of the parallel turnplate and the series turnplate. The homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix was used to analyze the simulator’s state of motion. The position and attitude matrix for describing the simulator movement has been obtained. The kinematics equation for showing the relation of the positions between hydraulic drive rod and the turnplate was given, thus provided the theory basis for the further research to the simulator.
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Patterson, J. W., C. N. Haas, R. J. Vamos, and E. Cooney. "Kinetics of Cadium and Copper Hydrolysis." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 5-6 (May 1, 1987): 1021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0279.
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Prior investigators have implicated kinetic limitations as being significant in the regulation of metal removal by precipitation processes. However, there have been no prior direct measurements on rates of such processes with the environmentally more significant metals. This study measured homogeneous complexation rates of cadmium and copper with hydroxide in a complete mix continuous flow reactor, using ion specific electrodes. The cadmium complexation kinetics are consistent with a forward mixed second order process coupled with a reverse first order process, and such model provides agreement with reported equilibrium constants for the formation of CdOH+.
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Álvarez-Fernández, Martina-Inmaculada, María-Belén Prendes-Gero, Celestino González-Nicieza, Diego-José Guerrero-Miguel, and Juan Enrique Martínez-Martínez. "Optimum Mix Design for 3D Concrete Printing Using Mining Tailings: A Case Study in Spain." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031568.
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A mix design, using a mixture of sand and mine tailings as aggregates, was selected to produce a cement-based 3D printing material suitable for building purposes. Different dosage rates of mine tailings, water, superplasticizers, and accelerators were added to the mixture with the end of looking for the optimum strength, workability and buildability. The term buildability includes aspects such as pumpability and printability. Different tests were carried out in order to compare homogeneous material strength with printed material strength, to evaluate the bonding strength between filaments, and to establish the relationship between fresh behaviour and buildability for printing applications. Finally, a mixture with 20% of recycled materials demonstrated its ability to be used as concrete printing material in the construction industry in the frame of circular economy concept.
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Upadhyay, Raksha, Prakash D. Vyavahare, and Sanjiv Tokekar. "Collision Resolution Schemes with Nonoverlapped Contention Slots for Heterogeneous and Homogeneous WLANs." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/852959.
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CSMA/CA-based DCF of 802.11 MAC layer employs a best-effort delivery model, in which stations compete for channel access with the same priority. In a heterogeneous network, providing different priorities to different applications for required quality of service is a challenging task, since heterogeneous conditions result in unfairness among stations and degradation in the throughput. This paper proposes a class of collision resolution schemes for 802.11 having contention window control with nonoverlapped contention slots. In the first scheme, window ranges of two consecutive stages are nonoverlapped, and it is called nonoverlapped contention slots (NOCS) scheme. In the other scheme, termed as NOCS-offset, an offset is introduced between window ranges of two stages. Selection of a random value by a station for its contention with discontinuous distribution results in reduced probability of collision. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed scheme exhibits higher throughput and fairness with reduced delay and collision probability in homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. Performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated for mix traffic and high data rate environment with advanced back-off management techniques to meet the requirements of the present applications.
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Farwick, Andreas, Heike Hanhörster, Isabel Ramos Lobato, and Wiebke Striemer. "Neighbourhood-based social integration. The importance of the local context for different forms of resource transfer." Raumforschung und Raumordnung Spatial Research and Planning 77, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rara-2019-0046.
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AbstractDue to their lack of financial resources, poor residents of deprived neighbourhoods are very much reliant on support and assistance from their personal networks. Studies refer to the key importance of neighbourhood contacts transcending social boundaries to promote upward social mobility. Based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative findings, this paper looks at the importance of social mix within a person’s neighbourhood and immediate surroundings for transferring different kinds of resources. The results show that even residents of deprived neighbourhoods can call on a well-developed support network to deal with everyday problems. The contribution also shows that network contacts to people endowed with more resources are no guarantee for the upward social mobility of the less well endowed. Indeed, it would seem that ‘getting-ahead’ resources are also accessible via their homogeneous networks. Much more to the point, the immediate surroundings turn out to be an important spatial context for contacts and resource transfers, especially for families with children.
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Sakouvogui, Kekoura. "A comparative approach of stochastic frontier analysis and data envelopment analysis estimators: evidence from banking system." Journal of Economic Studies 47, no. 7 (May 4, 2020): 1787–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-01-2019-0051.
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PurposeThe consistency of stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) cost efficiency measures using a sample of 650 commercial and domestic banks in the United States is investigated based on cluster analysis while accounting for the yearly variation in banks.Design/methodology/approachDue to the importance of efficiency measures for policy and managerial decision-making, the cost efficiency measures of SFA and DEA estimators are examined according to four criteria: levels, rankings, stability over time and stability over clustering groups. In this paper, we present two clustering methods, Gap Statistic and Dindex, that involve SFA and DEA cost efficiency measures. The clustering approach creates homogeneous groups of banks offering a similar mix of efficiency levels. Hence, each evaluated bank knows the cluster to which it belongs. Furthermore, this paper provides nonparametric statistical tests of SFA and DEA cost efficiency measures estimated with and without a clustering approach.FindingsThe results suggest that the clustering approach plays a considerable role in the rankings of US banks. Furthermore, the average SFA and DEA cost efficiency measures over time of the homogeneous US banks are substantially higher than those of the heterogeneous US banks.Originality/valueThis research is the first to provide comparative efficiency measures needed for desirable policy conclusions of heterogeneous and homogeneous US banks.
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Zenor, Michael J., and Rajendra K. Srivastava. "Inferring Market Structure with Aggregate Data: A Latent Segment Logit Approach." Journal of Marketing Research 30, no. 3 (August 1993): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379303000308.
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In this paper, the authors introduce a “latent segment logit” (LSL) model that allows the identification of latent market segments when only macro-level time-series data (e.g., market share or sales, not individual choices) are available. The proposed model provides a paramorphic representation of market structure, based on the notion that “structure” implies heterogeneity in preferences and/or response to marketing mix elements. It assumes that independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) holds within latent segments (i.e., segments are homogeneous) but allows for heterogeneity across segments. Estimates for segment characteristics (including size, brand preferences, and sensitivity to marketing mix variables) are obtained by applying the model to aggregated longitudinal panel data. Validation tests are conducted on both the aggregated and disaggregated panel data. Aggregate validation demonstrates that the model is superior to standard market share models in terms of calibration and predictive fit. Disaggregated validation demonstrates that the latent segments recovered by the model account for much of the variation across household purchase histories, even though these data were not utilized in the estimation.
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Luu, Duc Trung, Dao Chi Vo, and Jeongseob Kim. "Personal attitude or experience? Which factors influence residents’ acceptance of mixed-income communities?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 23, 2021): e0250511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250511.
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Although many researchers and policy makers have argued that social mixing could contribute to sustainable communities, most people still prefer to live in a homogeneous rather than a diverse community. Considering the large gap between the political need for social mixing and people’s preference, it is essential to understand residents’ perceptions and preferences regarding socially-mixed neighborhoods in order to promote sustainable community development. This study explorers residents’ willingness to accept living in mixed-income communities in Korea, with attention to various levels of income mix. This study conducted an online survey of 2,000 respondents living in seven metropolitan cities in Korea, including Seoul. The study aimed to investigate residents’ comfortability and willingness to move into different mixed-income communities. The results showed that residents with higher openness to diversity are more likely to accept mixed-income communities, but frequent interaction with low-income people reduces higher-income people’s willingness to accept mixed-income communities. As both personal attitudes and experience are important determinants of individuals’ social mix preference, a more systematic community development strategy is required to achieve successful social mixing.
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Janeja, Vandana P., Josephine M. Namayanja, Yelena Yesha, Anuja Kench, and Vasundhara Misal. "Discovering Similarity Across Heterogeneous Features." International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining 16, no. 4 (October 2020): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdwm.2020100104.
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The analysis of both continuous and categorical attributes generating a heterogeneous mix of attributes poses challenges in data clustering. Traditional clustering techniques like k-means clustering work well when applied to small homogeneous datasets. However, as the data size becomes large, it becomes increasingly difficult to find meaningful and well-formed clusters. In this paper, the authors propose an approach that utilizes a combined similarity function, which looks at similarity across numeric and categorical features and employs this function in a clustering algorithm to identify similarity between data objects. The findings indicate that the proposed approach handles heterogeneous data better by forming well-separated clusters.
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Ramdani, Ahmad, and Priyanto Saelan. "Studi Mengenai Perlakuan Agregat Berukuran 2,38 mm 4,75 mm sebagai Agregat Kasar dalam Campuran Beton (Hal. 22-31)." RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil 4, no. 4 (November 29, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekaracana.v4i4.22.
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ABSTRAKBatu pecah berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm tidak digunakan dalam campuran beton. Jika campuran beton dirancang menggunakan batu pecah ini sebagai agregat kasar, maka campuran beton yang dihasilkan diduga tidak akan mengalami segregasi untuk semua kelecakan, lebih homogen, dan jika diberi bahan tambahan superplasticizer diduga dapat dengan mudah berperilaku sebagai campuran beton memadat mandiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan dugaan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan kuat tekan rencana 30 MPa, slump 40 mm dan 100 mm, tanpa dan dengan bahan tambahan superplasticizer dengan dosis 1% dan 1,5%. Perancangan campuran beton dengan cara Dreux menggunakan faktor granular 0,40; 0,45; 0,50; dan 0,55. Pengujian kuat tekan pada benda uji silinder diameter 10 cm dan tinggi 20 cm membuktikan bahwa dugaan tersebut adalah benar, dan perancangan campuran beton dengan memperlakukan batu pecah berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm sebagai agregat kasar dapat dilakukan untuk faktor granular 0,40 – 0,50.Kata kunci: batu pecah berukuran 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm,agregat kasar,superplasticizer ABSTRACT2.38 mm – 4.75 mm crushed aggregate size is not used in concrete mix. If this crushed aggregate is used as coarse aggregate, the resulting concrete mix is assumed will not segregate in all workability, more homogeneous, and it will behave easily as self-compacting concrete by adding superplasticizer. This research was conducted to prove these assumption. Concrete mix with compressive strength of 30 MPa, 40 mm and 100 mm slump is made using Dreux method with granular factor 0.40; 0.45; 0.50; and 0.55. The doses of superplasticizer is 1% and 1.5% by cement weight. Compressive strength tests of 10 cm diameter and 20 cm height cylinder diameter showed these assumption is true, and concrete mix can be designed using granular factor 0.40 – 0.50.Keywords: 2,38 mm – 4,75 mm crushed aggregate size, coarse aggregate, superplasticizer
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Afanasenko, Vitaliy, and Petr Kulakov. "Research of the mixing process in vortex static type devices." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800069.
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Mixing in chemical technology is used to intensify chemical and heat-mass transfer processes, as well as for preparing emulsions, suspensions and obtaining homogeneous systems. The simplest way to carry out the process, which does not require an additional supply of mechanical energy, is to mix in a direct-flow environment, which only requires flow energy. Analysis of the existing designs of direct-flow mixers showed that the use of swirling devices of various types in order to increase the efficiency of the process is very promising. This article describes a study of the influence of the geometrical dimensions of the screw on the efficiency of mixing a two-component mixture using the FlowVision software package.
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Rahman, Siti Humairah A., Nurul Nazmin Zulkarnain, and Nasir Shafiq. "Experimental Study and Design of Experiment Using Statistical Analysis for the Development of Geopolymer Matrix for Oil-Well Cementing for Enhancing the Integrity." Crystals 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020139.
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This paper presents an experimental investigation on geopolymer cement formulations for enhancing oil-well integrity. Fresh slurry properties, mixability, density, free-water, and rheology were determined for possible field applications. The compressive strength and expansion characteristics were studied for the durability and integrity of the well system. Mix formulations complied with the requirements of API RP 10B-2. All formulations showed homogeneous mixability, rheological properties, the plastic viscosity (PV), and yield point (YP) were increased from 48 cP to 104 cP and 3.8 N/m2 12.4 N/m2, respectively, with the increase of the dosage of elastomeric type expandable material (R additive). The highest compressive strength of 15 MPa was obtained using 10% R additive in the mix-blend after 60 days of curing. Increasing the amount of R additive provides the optimum strength at 10.4 MPa with design 2, 3, and 4. The linear expansion was increased to about 1% at 60 days with 20% and 25% of the R additive dosage. Design of Experiment (DOE) was performed for setting three factors: curing time (A), curing temperature (B), and concentration of R additive (C) to optimize the linear expansion (response).
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Yin, Kexin, Anne-Laure Fauchille, Khaoula Othmani, Giulio Sciarra, Panagiotis Kotronis, Yannick Benoit, Francois Bertrand, and Samuel Branchu. "Influence of sample preparation on the multi scale structure of sand-clay mixtures." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199201007.
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This paper focuses on the influence of sample preparation on the multi scale structure of sand-clay mixtures. Three different protocols to mix silica and kaolinite were tested in the laboratory to identify the one providing the most homogeneous microstructure. From the macroscopic to the microscopic scales, optical observation, 3D X-ray tomography, 2D scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 2D environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) were carried out on wet and dry samples. This paper provides a first insight on the mechanisms of sand clay mixing from the cm to μm scale. Preliminary results demonstrate that the microstructures of the samples prepared by the three procedures have similar macroporosities based on imaging techniques. However, the preparation which consists in mixing the sand firstly, followed by water and clay provides a more homogeneous microstructure with silica grains well-surrounded by an oriented clay layering, probably due to a geometrical effect. Understanding the formation of the oriented clay layering brings microstructural features that will help to better explain the grain displacements and rotations during direct shear tests, the behaviour at the pile sand-clay soil interfaces and to formulate sand clay microstructure models.
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Farahinia, Alireza, Jafar Jamaati, Hamid Niazmand, and Wenjun Zhang. "Numerical Analysis of the Heterogeneity Effect on Electroosmotic Micromixers Based on the Standard Deviation of Concentration and Mixing Entropy Index." Micromachines 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091055.
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One approach to achieve a homogeneous mixture in microfluidic systems in the quickest time and shortest possible length is to employ electroosmotic flow characteristics with heterogeneous surface properties. Mixing using electroosmotic flow inside microchannels with homogeneous walls is done primarily under the influence of molecular diffusion, which is not strong enough to mix the fluids thoroughly. However, surface chemistry technology can help create desired patterns on microchannel walls to generate significant rotational currents and improve mixing efficiency remarkably. This study analyzes the function of a heterogeneous zeta-potential patch located on a microchannel wall in creating mixing inside a microchannel affected by electroosmotic flow and determines the optimal length to achieve the desired mixing rate. The approximate Helmholtz–Smoluchowski model is suggested to reduce computational costs and simplify the solving process. The results show that the heterogeneity length and location of the zeta-potential patch affect the final mixing proficiency. It was also observed that the slip coefficient on the wall has a more significant effect than the Reynolds number change on improving the mixing efficiency of electroosmotic micromixers, benefiting the heterogeneous distribution of zeta-potential. In addition, using a channel with a heterogeneous zeta-potential patch covered by a slip surface did not lead to an adequate mixing in low Reynolds numbers. Therefore, a homogeneous channel without any heterogeneity would be a priority in such a range of Reynolds numbers. However, increasing the Reynolds number and the presence of a slip coefficient on the heterogeneous channel wall enhances the mixing efficiency relative to the homogeneous one. It should be noted, though, that increasing the slip coefficient will make the mixing efficiency decrease sharply in any situation, especially in high Reynolds numbers.
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Suarez-Dominguez, E. J., E. F. Izquierdo-Kulich, A. Rodríguez-Valdez, F. Solorio-Ordaz, A. E. Chavez-Castellanos, and A. Palacio-Perez. "Homogeneous and Stratified Liquid-Liquid Flow Effect of a Viscosity Reducer: I. Comparison in parallel plates for heavy crude." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 6, no. 6 (December 18, 2016): 1258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.876.
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Production of heavy crude oil in Mexico, and worldwide, is increasing which has led to the application of different methods to reduce viscosity or to enhance transport through stratified flow to continue using the existing infrastructures. In this context, injecting a viscosity improver that does not mix completely with the crude, establishes a liquid-liquid stratified flow. On the basis of a parallel plates model, comparing the increase of flow that occurs in the one-phase case which assumes a complete mixture between the crude and the viscosity improver against another stratified liquid-liquid (no mixing between the oil and compared improver); it was found that in both cases there is a flow increase for the same pressure drop with a maximum for the case in which the flow improver is between the plates and the crude.
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Sofyan, Nofrijon, Dadan Suhendar, Anne Zulfia Syahrial, and Achmad Subhan. "Performance of Coconut Shell Activated Carbon in LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4/CNT/C Composite for Lithium Ion Battery Cathode." Materials Science Forum 1000 (July 2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1000.41.
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Synthesis and characterization of LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4/CNT/C composite used as lithium ion battery cathode has been carried out. The active materials of LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 was synthesized via hydrothermal method from the precursors of LiOH, NH4H2PO4, FeSO4.7H2O and MnSO4.7H2O. The activated carbon was pyrolyzed from coconut shell whereas the carbon nanotube (CNT) was commercially available in the market. The composite was prepared using a ball-mill to mix the components homogeneously. Simultaneous thermal analysis STA was used to determine the formation temperature of LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 to which the sintering process was conducted at 700 °C. After sintering, the materials in powder forms were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine the morphology, whereas X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phases formed. The performance of the composite as lithium ion battery cathode was characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and battery analyzer. Secondary electron image from SEM showed that the samples have homogeneous particle distribution. Examination result from X-ray diffraction indicated that LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 phase has been successfully synthesized with small impurities from a secondary phase. Performance analysis showed that the presence of activated carbon and CNTs in LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 to form LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4/CNTs/C gives significant improvement in the conductivity; however, some more improvement is still needed for the capacity.
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Anandan, Sivakumar, and Majed Alsubih. "Mechanical Strength Characterization of Plastic Fiber Reinforced Cement Concrete Composites." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020852.
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The reinforcing efficiency of plastic fibers obtained from shredded plastic waste was tested in plain concrete mixes and experimentally verified in this study. Plastic fibers up to 0.15% Vf were added to the design concrete mix to assess the fiber effectiveness in terms of improved load carrying capability of various plastic fiber incorporated concrete composites. The effects of plastic fibers distributed homogenously in the entire depth of concrete and confined in the tension zone were evaluated in flexural bending properties. Mechanical strength properties were evaluated for two different types of concrete containing (i) plastic fibers added homogenously throughout the entire depth of concrete and (ii) the plastic fibers confined in the tension zone only. Flexural bending parameters such as toughness, residual strength, crack width, post-peak drop load resistance, and fiber performance index of various plastic fiber substituted concrete mixes were tested in compressive and flexural bending to assess the fiber reinforcing efficiency. Test results indicated that the plastic fibers added in tension zone confinement exhibited higher flexural strength (5.26 N/mm2) improvements compared to homogeneously distributed concrete systems. Flexural bending characteristics in terms of absolute toughness and post peak strain softening were found to be appreciably higher (132%) in tension zone confined plastic fiber concretes compared to homogeneous fiber concrete systems.
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STÖCKER, Georg, Zofia DRZENIEK, Ursula JUST, Wolfram OSTERTAG, Barbara SIEBERTZ, Helmut GREILING, and Hans-Dieter HAUBECK. "Proteoglycan synthesis in human and murine haematopoietic progenitor cell lines: isolation and characterization of a heparan sulphate proteoglycan as a major proteoglycan from the human haematopoietic cell line TF-1." Biochemical Journal 317, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3170203.
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Proteoglycans of bone-marrow stromal cells and their extracellular matrix are important components of the microenvironment of haematopoietic tissues. Proteoglycans might also be involved in the interaction of haematopoietic stem and stromal cells. Recently, several studies have been reported on the proteoglycan synthesis of stromal cells, but little is known about the proteoglycan synthesis of haematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. Here we report on the isolation and characterization of proteoglycans from two haematopoietic progenitor cell lines, the murine FDCP-Mix A4 and the human TF-1 cell line. Proteoglycans were isolated from metabolically labelled cells and purified by several chromatographic steps, including anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Biochemical characterization was performed by electrophoresis or gel-filtration chromatography before and after digestion with glycosaminoglycan-specific enzymes or HNO2 treatment. Whereas FDCP-Mix A4 cells synthesize a homogeneous chondroitin 4-sulphate proteoglycan, isolation and characterization of proteoglycans from the human cell line TF-1 revealed, that TF-1 cells synthesize, in addition to a chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan, a heparan sulphate proteoglycan as major proteoglycan. For this heparan sulphate proteoglycan a core protein size of approx. 59 kDa was determined. Immunochemical analysis of this heparan sulphate proteoglycan revealed that it is not related to the syndecan family nor to glypican.
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FENG, Y., Y. LIU, P. DEO, and H. J. RUSKIN. "HETEROGENEOUS TRAFFIC FLOW MODEL FOR A TWO-LANE ROUNDABOUT AND CONTROLLED INTERSECTION." International Journal of Modern Physics C 18, no. 01 (January 2007): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183107010279.
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Modern urban traffic management depends heavily on the efficiency of road features, such as controlled intersections and multi-lane roundabouts. Vehicle throughput at any such configuration is modified by traffic mix, by rules governing manoeuvrability and by driver observance, as well as by traffic density. Here, we study heterogeneous traffic flow on two-lane roads through a cellular automata model for a binary mix of long and short vehicles. Throughput is investigated for a range of arrival rates and for fixed turning rate at an intersection: manoeuvres, while described in terms of left-lane driving, are completely generalisable. For a given heterogeneous distribution of vehicle type, there is a significant impact on queue length, delay times experienced and throughput at a fixed-cycle traffic light controlled two-way intersection and two-lane roundabout, when compared to the homogeneous case. As the proportion of long vehicles increases, average throughput for both configurations declines for increasing arrival rate, with average queue length and waiting time correspondingly increased. The effect is less-marked for the two-lane roundabout, due to absence of cross-traffic delays. Nevertheless, average waiting times and queue lengths remain uniformly high for arrival rates >0.25 vehicle per second (900 vph) on entry roads and for long vehicle proportion above 0.30–0.35.
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Yates, Michelle L., Heloise Gibb, and Nigel R. Andrew. "Habitat characteristics may override climatic influences on ant assemblage composition: a study using a 300-km climatic gradient." Australian Journal of Zoology 59, no. 5 (2011): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo11096.
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We assessed the relative importance of a variety of climatic and habitat variables in structuring ant communities along a 300-km climatic gradient. Sampling was conducted in semiarid, transitional and cool temperate climatic zones in New South wales, Australia. Ants were sampled at three paired sites of two habitats (pastures and conservation ‘remnants’) in each of the climatic zones (herein referred to as ‘zones’) using pitfall traps. Remnants represented original open forests, while pastures were a mix of grassland vegetation and cleared woodland. We tested the effects of habitat type, region (representing different climatic zones) and environmental variables on assemblages using distance-based similarity measures (Permanova and Permdisp) and canonical analysis of principal coordinates. Assemblage composition differed between habitats and zones, but we found no interaction effects. Assemblage dispersion (between-site heterogeneity) differed between habitats but not among zones. Pasture habitats supported more homogeneous assemblages than remnant habitats. Our findings suggest that habitat type, and structure, homogenise assemblages in pastures, thus overriding the effects of local climate apparent in remnants. As remnants are isolated within the biologically homogeneous pastures, movement of unique species between remnants in response to climate changes may be limited, thus landscape connectivity is likely to be important in reducing species loss.
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Norris, John. "The Chemical Inhomogeneity within Globular Clusters." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 126 (1988): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900042418.
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Twenty years ago it was believed by most astronomers that globular clusters were chemically homogeneous - where by homogeneous one means that the outer layers of all stars within a given cluster are the same to within a few tens of percent. Today it is possible to defend the case that no Galactic globular cluster has this characteristic. The reason that this phenomenon has exercised the minds of so many groups in the past 15 years is exciting and obvious: if one can ascertain which are the relevant physical processes in operation, one stands to gain significant insight into both the way in which globular clusters formed and/or the way in which individual low mass stars evolve and mix the products of their nucleosynthesis into their outer layers. A second important driver at the back of the minds of workers in this field is the possible ramifications of an understanding of the phenomenon; for example, if one concludes that the abundance anomalies are being driven today by some particular effect (angular momentum, magnetic fields, interactions within binary systems, stellar collisions - or whatever) this may lead to insight into other important globular cluster phenomena (eg bimodal horizontal branches, gaps at the base of the giant branch, horizontal branch rotation, etc.)
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Eitan, Avri, Gillad Rosen, Lior Herman, and Itay Fishhendler. "Renewable Energy Entrepreneurs: A Conceptual Framework." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2020): 2554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102554.
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The adoption of renewable energies contributes to sustainable development worldwide. Entrepreneurs are key agents in facilitating their promotion, as they improve the mix of the means of production and thus transform renewable energy technologies into viable energy systems. Nonetheless, the literature tends to treat entrepreneurs as a homogeneous group, thus preventing comprehensive understanding of their motivations, behaviors, capabilities, and effects. This study addresses this research gap by identifying and categorizing the various characteristics of these entrepreneurs and developing an integrated classification method. Four examples of renewable energy entrepreneurs, in China, Denmark, Germany, and India, are analyzed according to the proposed classification method, while demonstrating their differences. Thus, through proposing a new analytical typology, this study improves our understanding of renewable energy entrepreneurs and their significant role in the promotion of renewable energy worldwide.
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Coglitore, Diego, Pierre Eugene Coulon, Jean-Marc Janot, and Sébastien Balme. "Revealing the Nanoparticle-Protein Corona with a Solid-State Nanopore." Materials 12, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 3524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213524.
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Protein adsorption at the liquid–solid interface is an old but not totally solved topic. One challenge is to find an easy way to characterize the protein behavior on nanoparticles and make a correlation with its intrinsic properties. This work aims to investigate protein adsorption on gold nanoparticles and the colloidal properties. The protein panel was chosen from different structural categories (mainly-α, mainly-β or mix-αβ). The result shows that the colloidal stability with salt addition does not depend on the structural category. Conversely, using the single nanopore technique, we show that the mainly-α proteins form a smaller corona than the mainly-β proteins. We assign these observations to the lower internal energy of α-helices, making them more prone to form a homogeneous corona layer.
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Yang, Li Rong, and Man Zhen Duan. "Influence of the Slag Replacement Percentage on the Compressive Strength and Products of Slag Based Geopolymers." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.489.
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The slag based geopolymers materials are synthesized at ambient temperature by using fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as the main starting materials, and NaOH and soluble glass together as activators. The influence of the mix proportion between GGBFS and FA on the strength and reaction products was investigated. The products obtained were characterized by means of XRD, FTIR spectroscopy and FE-SEM coupled with EDX. The results show that a great increase in compressive strength appears when the replacement percentage of GGBFS exceeds 30wt. %, the resultant products are mainly amorphous materials (amorphous aluminosilicate and/or C-S-H gel) and much more compact, homogeneous, and uniform when the amorphous aluminosilicate is increasingly turned into C-S-H gel with the increasing replacement percentage of GGBFS.
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HAYNES, CHRISTOPHE P. "MIXING TIME OF A + B− > 0 IN ONE DIMENSION." Fractals 24, no. 02 (June 2016): 1650015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x16500158.
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A mixing time density of [Formula: see text] on a finite one-dimensional domain is defined for general initial and boundary conditions in which [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] diffuse at the same rate. The density is a measure of the number of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] particles that mix through the center of the reaction zone. It also corresponds to the reaction density for the special case in which [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] annihilate upon contact. An exact expression is found for the generating function of the mixing time. The analysis is extended to multiple reaction fronts and finitely ramified fractals. The method involves using the kernel of the Laplace transform integral operator to map and analyze a moving homogeneous Dirichlet interior point condition.
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Gil, Iwona, and Piotr Mocek. "CFD analysis of mixing intensity in jet stirred reactors." Chemical and Process Engineering 33, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10176-012-0035-9.
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Abstract The homogeneous stirred reactor designed for kinetic studies of the combustion of hydrocarbons with intensive internal recirculation in high temperature combustion chamber is described. The originality of our reactor lies in its construction which allows to intensively mix fuel and flue gases, measure gas temperature as well as obtain samples which can be used to investigate diffusion flames. The cylindrical construction enables to use the reactor in laboratory cylindrical electrically heated ovens. The CFD analysis of the reactors, the mixing parameters (turbulent Peclet number and mixing level) and the volume average temperature in the reactors were elaborated on the basis of the typical dimensions of classical reactors to kinetics research as well as the own reactor design. The results of the analysis allow to reveal advantages of our construction.
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Nento, Shinta, and Abdul Haris Abdullah. "Dampak Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pendidikan Tinggi Islam." Jurnal Ilmiah Iqra' 15, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/jii.v15i1.1434.
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Impact of career development on employee performance of Islamic higher education. This research is a quantitative study using primary data obtained from a questionnaire and measured using a Likert scale. The population in this study were 75 employees at Islamic higher education institutions. The method of selecting the research sample used simple random sampling without considering the strata of the members of the population because it was considered homogeneous. The measurement and testing data analysis technique used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) using the SmartPLS 3.2 program. The results showed that career development had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Recommendations for further research are to increase the number of research variables and use the mix method as a method to enrich the study.
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Hidayat, Irpan, and Jemima Devina Halim. "The Influence of Compressive Strength of EPS Concrete Using Fiberglass with Curing and Non Curing Treatment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.226.
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Concrete is a mixture of portland cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water, with or without additives which form a solid mass. The purpose of this study was to find and innovative method of producing concrete mix from solid waste material as alternative. The alternative materials used in concrete mix was fiberglass. Material reduction in the sand on the concrete can decreases the strength until the fiberglass material added and increase the compressive strength on concrete. The composition of fiberglass that used in this study was 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%. The methodology used is the design of concrete mix in according to SNI 03-2834-2000. The results are concrete with the addition of EPS can reduce the density and the compressive strength of normal concrete, concrete EPS was added to increase the value of compressive strength fiberglass. The addition of fiberglass in concrete EPS only on the variable of 0.5% - 1% fiberglass, if greater than 1%, the compressive strength of concrete decreased because the material has not homogeneous concrete during mixing. The largest density value of 10% EPS concrete with fiberglass on the concrete test 28 days is the concrete EPS 10% + 0.5% fiberglass by weight of the curing process and the type of 2127.73 MPa and compressive strength are the largest and EPS concrete with compressive strength amounted to 11.277 MPa. The addition of 10% EPS can reduce the compressive strength of concrete at 3.75%. The addition of fiberglass obtained with a percentage of 0.5% - 1% is the most effective additions so as to improve the quality of concrete by 0.74%. Concrete with compressive strength has a curing system which is much better than the non-curing concrete, because concrete experience of concrete hydration reaction process which takes place optimally.
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Hayashi, J., M. Takemitsu, Y. Goto, and I. Nonaka. "Human mitochondria and mitochondrial genome function as a single dynamic cellular unit." Journal of Cell Biology 125, no. 1 (April 1, 1994): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.125.1.43.
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rho 0 HeLa cells entirely lacking mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondrial transfection techniques were used to examine intermitochondrial interactions between mitochondria with and without mtDNA, and also between those with wild-type (wt) and mutant-type mtDNA in living human cells. First, unambiguous evidence was obtained that the DNA-binding dyes ethidium bromide (EtBr) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) exclusively stained mitochondria containing mtDNA in living human cells. Then, using EtBr or DAPI fluorescence as a probe, mtDNA was shown to spread rapidly to all rho 0 HeLa mitochondria when EtBr- or DAPI-stained HeLa mitochondria were introduced into rho 0 HeLa cells. Moreover, coexisting wt-mtDNA and mutant mtDNA with a large deletion (delta-mtDNA) were shown to mix homogeneously throughout mitochondria, not to remain segregated by use of electron microscopic analysis of cytochrome c oxidase activities of individual mitochondria as a probe to identify mitochondria with predominantly wt- or delta-mtDNA in single cells. This rapid diffusion of mtDNA and the resultant homogeneous distribution of the heteroplasmic wt- and delta-mtDNA molecules throughout mitochondria in a cell suggest that the mitochondria in living human cells have lost their individuality. Thus, the actual number of mitochondria per cell is not of crucial importance, and mitochondria in a cell should be considered as a virtually single dynamic unit.
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Gross, Karlis Agris, and Elina Rozite. "Synthesis of Tetracalcium Phosphate at Reduced Temperatures." Key Engineering Materials 631 (November 2014): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.631.93.
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Tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) requires the highest synthesis temperatures of all the calcium phosphates, but now a new process is available at 400 °C lower than previously, at 900 °C. Instead of ball-milling reactants for a homogeneous mix, the reactants were included in an amorphous phase. Heating produced hydroxyapatite, oxyapatite and then TTCP. Amorphous nanoparticles were synthesized and heated in air or in vacuum. The sequence of solid-state reactions were tracked with X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. Heating in air stabilized the carbonate containing apatite, thereby requiring higher temperatures for decomposition, as per previous studies. Heating in vacuum promoted oxyapatite; a critical step for reaction with calcium oxide to generate TTCP. This faster process enables production at a lower temperature and reduces the use of ball milling for producing fine TTCP powders.
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Buche, Andre, and Rafael Picorel. "A Study on the Heterogeneity of the Light-Harvesting Complex II from Ectothiorhodospira sp. after Acid/Chaotropic Treatment." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 55, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2000): 943–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2000-11-1215.
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The light-harvesting complex II of the purple bacteria has two strong near infrared electronic absorption bands, around 800 (B800) and 850 (B850) nm, arising from the Qy transitions of bacteriochlorophyll a. It was previously reported that under some specific acid/chaotropic conditions the B850 bacteriochlorophylls of the light-harvesting complex II of Ectothiorhodospira sp. are strongly reorganised. Part of these pigments absorbs at 843 nm while another set absorbs around 858 nm. The current work should investigate whether a mix of two different complexes could generate the 843- and 858-nm bands. Acid/chaotropic conditions inducing the reorganisation of B850 were reproduced on a sample bound to an ionic-exchange column. The chromatographic pattern was found strongly homogeneous. The findings indicate that the heterogeneity of the reorganised B850 results from two forms of differently structured bacteriochlorophylls bound to the same polypeptide backbone.
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Good, P., C. Giannakopoulos, F. M. O’Connor, S. R. Arnold, M. de Reus, and H. Schlager. "Constraining tropospheric mixing timescales using airborne observations and numerical models." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 3, no. 2 (March 5, 2003): 1213–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-3-1213-2003.
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Abstract. A technique is demonstrated for estimating atmospheric mixing time-scales from in-situ data, using a Lagrangian model initialised from an Eulerian chemical transport model (CTM). This method is applied to airborne tropospheric CO observations taken during seven flights of the Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study (MINOS) campaign, of August 2001. The time-scales derived, correspond to mixing applied at the spatial scale of the CTM grid. Specifically, they are upper bound estimates of the mix-down lifetime that should be imposed for a Lagrangian model to reproduce the observed small-scale tracer structure. They are relevant to the family of hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian models, which impose Eulerian grid mixing to an underlying Lagrangian model. The method uses the fact that in Lagrangian tracer transport modelling, the mixing spatial and temporal scales are decoupled: the spatial scale is determined by the resolution of the initial tracer field, and the time scale by the trajectory length. The chaotic nature of lower-atmospheric advection results in the continuous generation of smaller spatial scales, a process terminated in the real atmosphere by mixing. Thus, a mix-down lifetime can be estimated by varying trajectory length so that the model reproduces the observed amount of small-scale tracer structure. Selecting a trajectory length is equivalent to choosing a mixing timescale. For the cases studied, the results are very insensitive to CO photochemical change calculated along the trajectories. The method is most appropriate for relatively homogeneous regions, i.e. it is not too important to account for changes in aircraft altitude or the positioning of stratospheric intrusions, so that small scale structure is easily distinguished. The chosen flights showed a range of mix-down time upper limits: 1 and 3 days for 8 August and 3 August, due to recent convective and boundary layer mixing respectively, and 7–9 days for 16, 17, 22a, 22c and 24 August. For the flight of 3 August, the observed concentrations result from a complex set of transport histories, and the models are used to interpret the observed structure, while illustrating where more caution is required with this method of estimating mix-down lifetimes.
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Kumar, Ponnusamy Senthil, and A. Saravanan. "Diffusion of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes into Industrial Polymers." Diffusion Foundations 23 (August 2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.23.213.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are made out of carbon atoms connected in hexagonal shapes, with every carbon molecule covalently attached to three other carbon particles. The properties of nanotubes have made scientists and organizations think about utilizing them in many fields. For instance, since carbon nanotubes have the most noteworthy quality to-weight proportion of any known material. Nanocomposites of adjusted multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) installed in a polymer matrix yield a one of a kind mix of warm and electrical properties and mechanical quality. The composites combine the vast pseudo capacitance of the directing polymers with the quick charging/releasing two-fold film impedance and incredible machine-driven possessions of the carbon nanotubes. The electrochemically co-stored composites are the most homogeneous and demonstrate an unordinary communication between the polymer and nanotubes, offering ascend to a reinforced electron delocalisation and conjugation along the polymer chains
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Chen, Hui, and Fei Leng. "Pay-Performance Sensitivity in a Heterogeneous Managerial Labor Market." Journal of Management Accounting Research 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2004.16.1.19.
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The persistently low pay-performance sensitivity between executive compensation and firm performance has puzzled both practitioners and academics. We propose a hybrid model that incorporates both moral hazard and adverse selection problems to explain this puzzle. We argue that the managerial labor market is heterogeneous in nature, not homogeneous as assumed by the pure moral hazard model and empirical work based on this model. We demonstrate that the optimal pay-performance sensitivity derived from the hybrid model is lower than that derived from the pure moral hazard model. Furthermore, we also show that pay-performance sensitivity is a function of the mix of types in the market. The more capable managers there are in the market, the more likely the market's average pay-performance sensitivity is high. We then conduct an empirical test and find evidence that is consistent with the prediction of our model.
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Gupta, Shruti. "Antecedents of Cause Marketing: An Assessment of Psychographic and Demographic Factors on the Consumer’s Purchase Behaviour." Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation 15, no. 4 (December 2019): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2319510x19883073.
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Cause marketing initiatives are increasingly becoming the prominent aspect of the marketing mix; a lot of companies are jumping into the bandwagon primarily to distinguish themselves in the homogeneous markets. However, it is only a recent phenomenon that the companies are beginning to appreciate how corporate giving may be adopted as an effective strategy to market their products in the competitive markets. This article is aimed at examining the effect of psychographics and demographics on the buying behaviour of the consumer. It identifies the various factors that drive the behaviour of the consumer exposed to a customer relationship management (CRM) initiative and examine the impact of the same on the attitude, perception and purchase intention of the consumer. This, in turn, provides valuable insights to the academicians and the practitioners as to how to communicate and what to emphasise while designing their cause marketing communication initiatives.