To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Homophagy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Homophagy'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Homophagy.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Thomas, Reuben Jasper. "Geographic mobility and homophily /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Full text
2
Saeidibonab, Sepehr. "Homophily and Friendship Dynamics : An analysis of friendship formation with respect to homophily principle and distinctiveness theory." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-142321.
Full textAbstract:
People always find themselves interacting with others and forming ties with them; these ties shape an individual’s social network which helps form the self-conception and identity of a person. In discussing the essence of social networks and how they are formed the concept of homophily is of high significance. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to show the association between homophily and the process of friendship formation. As the structure of any social network is important in tie formation, I have also intended to study homophilous tie formation from a distinctiveness theory perspective, suggesting that individuals with minority characteristics are more prone to form friendship ties with each other. The types of homophily studied in this research are gender, religion, nationality/ethnicity, and political views. The data is gathered from the cohort which started grade 10 in upper secondary education in a school in Stockholm in Autumn 2012. The analyses were conducted using logistic regression. The results indicated the existence of gender homophily and national homophily. However, religious homophily did not appear to be significant; political homophily was only significant for individuals who were participating in political meetings. However, due to lack of sufficient data, the relations between network structure and homophilous relations could not be accurately tested. Since the data were not collected randomly and the school was chosen due to its specific characteristics, it is not possible to generalize the results of the research to all of the adolescents living in Stockholm. However, this research sheds some light on the mechanisms at play in friendship formation among adolescents.
3
Alvarez, Benjumea Amalia. "Homophily and Ethnic Background in the Classroom." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-117594.
Full textAbstract:
The research presents a study of ethnic homophily, i.e. the tendency of agents to be connected to similar others, in the school context. It uses two observations of the complete social network of a cohort of Swedish students (n=115) in a secondary school. The study analyses the scope of the selective attachment and the student’s possible motivations to seek similarity, as well as its interrelation to homophily induced by structural organization or foci. It focuses in the interrelation between the individual motivation to seek similarity and how the context of opportunity is organized. Sociometric data was collected during a school year and the model is based in crosscuts of the friendship network. Homophily in respect to ethnic origin was found in the first time point, with students making connections within the in-group. The effect of ethnic homophily seems to decrease between the time points, with evidence of an effect of structural constraints that gained importance over time. Results suggest that organisational divisions in classrooms play a decisive role in the pattern of friendship connections in the school
4
Nesterko, Sergiy O. "Respondent-Driven Sampling and Homophily in Network Data." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10378.
Full textAbstract:
Data that can be represented as a network, where there are measurements both on units and on pairs of units, are becoming increasingly prevalent in the social sciences and public health. Homophily in network data, or the tendency of units to connect based on similar nodal attribute values (i.e. income, HIV status) more often than expected by chance is receiving strong attention from researchers in statistics, medicine, sociology, public health and others. Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) is a link-tracing network sampling strategy heavily used in public health worldwide that is cost efficient and allows us to survey populations inaccessible by conventional techniques. Via extensive simulation we study the performance of existing methods of estimating population averages, and show that they have poor performance if there is homophily on the quantity surveyed. We propose the first model-based approach for this setting and show its superiority as a point estimator and in terms of uncertainty intervals coverage rates, and demonstrate its application to a real life RDS-based survey. We study how the strength of homophily effects can be estimated and compared across networks and different binary attributes under several network sampling schemes. We give a proof that homophily can be effectively estimated under RDS and propose a new homophily index. This work moves towards a deeper understanding of network structure as a function of nodal attributes and network sampling under homophily.<br>Statistics
5
Turchi, Jennifer A. "Homophily and online networks young adult relationships in MySpace /." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181668338/.
Full text
6
Ciotti, Valerio. "Positive and negative connections and homophily in complex networks." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/31787.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis I investigate the effects of positive and negative connections on social and organization networks, and the presence and role of homophily in networks of scientific collaborations and citations through the combination of methodologies borrowed from complexity science, statistics, and organizational sciences. In the first part of the thesis, I study the differences between patterns of positive and negative connections among individuals in two online signed social networks. Findings suggest that the sign of links in a social network shapes differently the network's topology: there is a positive correlation between the degrees of two nodes, when they share a positive connection, and a negative correlation when they share a negative connection. I then move my focus to the study of a dataset on start-ups from which I construct and analyse the competition and mobility networks among companies. Results show that the presence of competition has negative effects on the mobility of people among companies and on the success of the start-up ecosystem of a nation. Competitive behaviours may also emerge in science. Therefore, in the second part of this thesis, I focus on a database of all papers and authors who have published in the American Physical Society (APS) journals. Through the analysis of the citation network of the APS, I propose a method that aims to statistically validate the presence (or absence) of a citation between any two articles. Results show that homophily is an important mechanism behind the citation between articles: the more two articles share similar bibliographies, i.e., deal with similar arguments, the more likely there is a citation between them. In the last chapter, I investigate the presence of homophily in the APS data set, this time at the level of the collaboration network among sci- entists. Results show that homophily can be responsible in fostering collaboration, but above a given point the effect of similarity decreases the probability of a collaboration. Additionally, I propose a model that successfully reproduces the empirical findings.
7
Hedström, Pierre. "Screaming in to the void: Homophily in social networks." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad matematik och statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-375518.
Full text
8
Noe, Nyala. "Personality homophily and social-spatial characteristics in online social networks." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/118510/.
Full textAbstract:
Do birds of a feather flock together or do opposites attract? The aim of this thesis is to consider this question in the context of online social networks. Humans, unlike birds, can flock together based on a wide variety of characteristics, such as age, gender, or political affiliation. The tendency of people to assort based on a common trait is referred to as homophily. Research into homophilous traits has often overlooked psychological characteristics. In particular, while personality is studied extensively in the context of social media use, it has received little attention in the homophily literature, which is a gap this work endeavours to bridge. Online social networks have become ubiquitous in our daily lives and understanding their dynamics gives valuable insight into this new form of social interaction. This thesis highlights the importance of personality homophily in shaping online social networks, while also considering the inherent geographic constraints. In offline social networks, geographic proximity allows for frequent face-to-face interactions, which are essential for the formation and maintenance of friendships. Online networks often reflect offline networks, meaning that people still tend to cluster with others who are geographically close. Using datasets from Facebook and Foursquare, we explore the relationship between personality homophily and geographic distance in detail by considering the distance between similar and dissimilar people, and how they differ in their co-location patterns. We find that people assort based on their personality in both social and spatial contexts, although not all aspects of our personality are equally homophilous. Openness to experience and Conscientiousness emerged as the personality facets with the strongest homophilic tendencies, while Neuroticism appeared to be less homophilous; Agreeableness and Extraversion fall somewhere in the middle. In other words, birds of a feather do seem to flock together, but this depends on the personality facet considered.
9
Almendarez, Manuel. "Testing Matching and Mirroring With Homophily in Onboarding Leadership Socialization." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4831.
Full textAbstract:
This study was designed to test the relationship between matching and mirroring (MM) and homophilous perceptions (PHM) in leadership socialization. Elevated PHM levels were hypothesized to affect workplace acceptance levels. The need for testing leadership socialization skills was magnified with the current demographic shift known as the leadership succession crisis, creating problems with onboarding strategies. The theoretical foundations of the study were based on the social identity theory, the social presence theory, the leader-member exchange theory, and the similarity-attraction paradigm. The study conducted at Workforce Solutions North Texas in Wichita Falls, Texas was sampled based on the calculated strength of the effect in a pilot study. Test group participants engaged in MM enhanced social conversation with a coached candidate and control group participants conversed with an uncoached participant from the general population engaging in normal conversation. MM processes were differentiated from natural synchronic tendencies using specialized software and Kinect-® sensors. A contrasted group, quasi-experiment was examined with an analysis of covariance. No statistically significant difference was found between groups on PHM levels, correcting for age, gender, ethnicity, height, glasses, hobbies, and professions. However, PHM and coworker acceptance were statistically significant but with no difference between groups. Further research is needed to test PHM as a metric for rapport in socialization strategies. Nevertheless, the homophily lens rather than the rapport lens can help organizational development and human resource professionals quantify and develop more effective socialization strategies aimed at solving problems associated with the leadership succession crisis.
10
Schrock, Amanda. "A Test of the Homophily Principle Using On-Line Personal Advertisements." TopSCHOLAR®, 2007. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/373.
Full textAbstract:
With the increasing popularity and accessibility of the Internet, there is a need to reexamine dating and relationship preferences in the high-tech information age. Previously research pertaining to dating has focused on relationships and attitudes as well as the concept of homophily. In an effort to bridge the gap between previous dating conclusions and a modern means for meeting people, this research is an attempt to determine if previously established conclusions about homophily transcend to mate selection conducted through the use of the Internet. This research utilizes content analysis of online personal advertisements in order to compare the demographic characteristics and personal interests of advertisers with the characteristics and interests of those whom he or she is seeking. For this study a sample of 511 personal advertisements was selected from a popular national website service. The sample includes advertisers living in one southern U.S. city who are seeking either heterosexual or homosexual relationships. Using deductive coding to examine demographic and interest characteristics and inductive coding to explore the self-expressed behavior of the advertiser as well as the behavior sought, the principle of homophily was examined through descriptive statistics. Consistent with the prior literature, findings for this study suggest that certain demographic characteristics such as race, education, and marital status exhibit moderate to high degrees of homophily. Findings also suggest high to moderate degrees of homophily in other demographic characteristics such as body type, smoking habits, and alcohol-drinking habits. Results also show that personal-interest variables such as playing music, gardening, and health and fitness do not show evidence of homophily. It was also concluded that females, as opposed to males, tend to seek other people who have their same characteristics and interests.
11
CHABOT, Timothée Pierre Jules. "From diversity to mixing? : socioeconomic homophily in French desegregated middle schools." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/73517.
Full textAbstract:
Defence Date: 20 December 2021<br>Examining Board: Prof. Fabrizio Bernardi, (European University Institute); Prof. Agnès van Zanten, (CNRS / Sciences Po Paris); Prof. Arnout van De Rijt, (European University Institute); Prof. Pierre Mercklé, (ENS Lyon)<br>Socioeconomic mixing at school is often considered to be a desirable objective, as it would reduce academic inequalities and help pacify inter-group relations. For this reason, socioeconomic segregation, understood as the spatial distribution of students across different schools, has been extensively studied in educational sociology. However, the interactions among students in cases where schools are effectively diverse have been notably underexplored. Does spatial diversity imply relational mixing, or do students keep interacting with socioeconomically similar peers even in formally desegregated contexts? This raises the question of homophily, the principle by which relationships occur at a higher rate among similar individuals. In this dissertation, I study socioeconomic homophily among a cohort of 860 middle school students in four schools in France, followed during three years. Based on the statistical analysis of students’ friendship networks and on qualitative interviews, I examine the magnitude of this homophily, and try to disentangle the relational processes through which it emerges. In particular, I consider the respective roles of dispositional and contextual factors: to which extent are friendship pairings driven by internalized traits – preferences, tastes, ways of feeling and behaving –, and, on the contrary, by the constraints and incentives that the immediate environment exerts? Results suggest that there generally is socioeconomic homophily among adolescents, but that its magnitude drastically varies across schools. These differences are explained by a multiplicity of factors, as socioeconomic homophily emerges through the joint effect of several relational processes. Among these, the psychological tendency to search for socioeconomically similar friends only accounts for a minority of the total homophily; spatial constraints – such as classrooms and places of residence – and, most importantly, network and group mechanisms – notably transitivity –, play a key role as well. Finally, results hint at a strong variation in the local salience of socioeconomic attributes: depending on the context, youth’s socioeconomic origin can be made particularly visible, or on the contrary be “flattened” and minimized, which may in turn explain students’ propensity to base their friendship behaviors on this particular criteria.
12
Perry, Wendy H. "Homophily of internalizing and externalizing behaviours, selection and socialization in early adolescence." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22873.pdf.
Full text
13
Austin, Ashley C. "EVALUATING HOMOPHILY AND INCLUSION IN KENTUCKY SECONDARY AGRICULTURE CLASSROOMS THROUGH SOCIAL DISTANCE SCALES." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/43.
Full textAbstract:
This quantitative study considers homophily and inclusion in the secondary agriculture classroom. This study uses social identity and homophily theories to examine classroom culture and how homophily and inclusion impact it. The study aims to use demographic questions and homophily scales to determine whether homophily is occurring in the secondary agriculture classroom and to what extent. This study also uses social distance scales to determine the breaking point or how willing seniors in an agriculture class are to include new students based on the bi-variables of Race, Sexuality, and Social subgroup. The results indicate that homophily and in-group mentality is occurring within Kentucky’s secondary agricultural education classrooms.
14
Ye, Wei [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Böhm. "Data mining using concepts of independence, unimodality and homophily / Wei Ye ; Betreuer: Christian Böhm." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1151447862/34.
Full text
15
Mark, Noah 1971. "Culture and competition: A critical test of homophily and distinction explanations for cultural niches." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282706.
Full textAbstract:
Why do different kinds of people like different kinds of culture? I examine two answers to this question: the homophily model and the distinction model. These models are alternative explanations for the finding that different cultural tastes and practices are concentrated within different sociodemographic segments of society. To determine which model is the preferred explanation, I identify conflicting predictions generated by the models. The models imply different ecological processes. The homophily model predicts that cultural forms compete with each other for people: People are a scarce resource on which cultural forms depend; cultural forms are not a scarce resource for people. The distinction model predicts a dual ecology: Cultural forms compete with each other for people, and people compete with each other for cultural forms. Empirical tests with 1993 General Social Survey data support the homophily model and disconfirm the distinction model.
16
Hotter, Jessica C. "Breaking the Muscular Mold: The Application of Homophily, Credibility, and Physical Attractiveness within Attitude and Perceived Behavioral Control towards Weight Lifting." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83530.
Full textAbstract:
This study extends the Theory of Planned Behavior by drawing on research investigating the 'halo effect,' which posits that physically attractive people are more likely to be hired, get a raise, perceived positively, and/or live happily within certain professions. Extant work has shown this trend is not generalizable across all fields. For example, scientists who are viewed as relatively unattractive and unsociable are perceived as producing higher quality research compared to their more attractive and sociable counterparts. The fitness industry, and the bodybuilding community in particular, presents an interesting issue where muscularity is an indicator of expertise and credibility, however, for female bodybuilders a muscular physique may diminish her perceived attractiveness and diminish such evaluations. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study examines how muscularity influences assessments of attractiveness, credibility, and homophily and indirectly influences participants' attitudes and perceived control over theory own weight lifting behavior. Though the hypothesized model was not a good fit, an exploratory respecification of the proposed model shows physical attractiveness plays a central role in assessments of homophily, credibility, and attitude.<br>Master of Arts
17
Tropp, Amanda, Olivia Netterström, and Medina Alisic. "The Influence of Online Social Ties on Consumers' Purchase Intentions : eWOM in the Case of Swedish Blog Readers." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26692.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The advice and opinions given by consumers online have been proven to have a positive influence on consumers purchase intentions. It has previously been established by researchers that consumer-created information is more trustworthy compared to information provided by a seller. As a result, consumers’ eWOM has taken over the stage on the internet. Social media has in comparison to traditional media brought communication to a new level in terms of engaging consumers online. For instance, bloggers nowadays are assumed to be viewed as peers that can generates social ties between a blogger and a blog reader due to a blogger’s credibility. Thus, the power of peer communication is of relevance when considering persuasion in real life as well as online. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how eWOM can be a powerful tool through social ties between the source and the receiver when it comes to generating consumers’ purchase intentions. The authors intend to contribute with an understanding of how different sociodemographic factors of homophily and source credibility can potentially have a direct or indirect influence on the persuasion process online. To understand the process of how consumers are persuaded through eWOM the authors examine the relationship between Swedish blog readers and Swedish bloggers and the process of how the readers are absorbing and using the bloggers’ message. Methodology & Method: This study was conducted using a qualitative methodology approach. The primary data was collected through interviews and observations. Ten interviews were implemented on the selected sample consisting of women living in Sweden, who are in the ages of 16-25 and read famous Swedish lifestyle blogs. Furthermore, the favourite blogs of the interviewees were observed by the researchers in order to complement the interviews. Conclusion: From this research the authors have found that homophily creates social ties between the blog reader and the blogger, and therefore this underpins that the likelihood of persuasion is higher if several factors of homophily exists. However, the factors of homophily are not sufficient on its own to establish a relationship between eWOM and purchase intentions. Rather, source credibility is considered to be the major factor that determines the extent of purchase intentions.
18
Alva, Samson. "Essays on Matching Theory and Networks." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104379.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Utku Unver<br>This dissertation is composed of three essays in microeconomic theory. The first and second essays are in the theory of matching, with hierarchical organizations and complementarities being their respective topic. The third essay is in on electoral competition and political polarization as a result of manipulation of public opinion through social influence networks. Hierarchies are a common organizational structure in institutions. In the first essay, I offer an explanation of this fact from a matching-theoretic perspective, which emphasizes the importance of stable outcomes for the persistence of organizational structures. I study the matching of individuals (talents) via contracts with institutions, which are aggregate market actors, each composed of decision makers (divisions) enjoined by an institutional governance structure. Conflicts over contracts between divisions of an institution are resolved by the institutional governance structure, whereas conflicts between divisions across institutions are resolved by talents' preferences. Stable market outcomes exist whenever institutional governance is hierarchical and divisions consider contracts to be bilaterally substitutable. In contrast, when governance in institutions is non-hierarchical, stable outcomes may not exist. Since market stability does not provide an impetus for reorganization, the persistence of markets with hierarchical institutions can thus be rationalized. Hierarchies in institutions also have the attractive incentive property that in a take-it-or-leave-it bargaining game with talents making offers to institutions, the choice problem for divisions is straightforward and realized market outcomes are pairwise stable, and stable when divisions have substitutable preferences. Complementarity has proved to be a challenge for matching theory, because the core and group stable matchings may fail to exist. Less well understood is the more basic notion of pairwise stability. In a second essay, I define a class of complementarity, asymmetric complements, and show that pairwise stable matchings are guaranteed to exist in matching markets where no firm considers workers to be asymmetric complements. The lattice structure of the pairwise stable matchings, familiar from the matching theory with substitutes, does not survive in this more general domain. The simultaneous-offer and sequential-offer versions of the worker-proposing deferred acceptance algorithm can produce different matchings when workers are not necessarily substitutable. If no firm considers workers to be imperfect complements, then the simultaneous-offer version produces a pairwise stable matching, but this is not necessarily true otherwise. If no firm considers workers to be asymmetric complements, a weaker restriction than no imperfect complements, then the sequential-offer version produces a pairwise stable matching, though the matching produced is order-dependent. In a third essay, I examine electoral competition in which two candidates compete through policy and persuasion, and using a tractable two-dimensional framework with social learning provide an explanation for increasing political polarization. Voters and candidates have policy preferences that depend upon the state of the world, which is known to candidates but not known to voters, and are connected through a social influence network that determines through a learning process the final opinion of voters, where the voters' initial opinions and the persuasion efforts of the candidates affect final opinions, and so voting behavior. Equilibrium level of polarization in policy and opinion (of both party and population) increases when persuasion costs decrease. An increase in homophily increases the equilibrium level of policy polarization and population opinion polarization. These comparative static results help explain the increased polarization in both the policy and opinion dimensions in the United States<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Economics
19
Pavlij, Georgij. "Vurazovi vidminnosti miž homofonijeju ta polifonijeju - teorija ta vykonavstvo, L'viv, Vyscyj deržavnyj musycnyj instytut im. Mykoly Lysenka (Atlas), 1995, 122 stor. [Georgiy Pavliy, Expressive Differences Between Homophony and Polyphony - Theory and Performance, Lviv (Atlas), 1995, 122 pp.] [Zusammenfassung]." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-221037.
Full text
20
Logan, Laura S. "Exploring the composition and formation of lesbian social ties." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/924.
Full text
21
Dokukina, Polina, and Emma Mejstedt. "Ömsesidig politisk och social agentskap i kamratrelationer." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35892.
Full textAbstract:
Syfte med uppsatsen är att ta reda på om ungdomar efter diskussioner kring politiska och samhälleliga frågor påverkar varandras åsikter och blir mer lika. Studien baseras på enkätsvar från gymnasieelever som följts från årskurs ett i gymnasiet till årskurs två från tre skolor i Örebro. Totalt deltog 1688 elever i denna longitudinella studie. Multipel regressionsanalys visade att ungdomarna påverkar varandra men deras åsikter blev inte mer lika varandra över tid och att det fanns en svag skillnad mellan könen. Diskussionen tar upp hur dessa resultat skiljer sig ifrån befintliga studier på området och indikerar att "politik" är ett abstrakt ämne som vid diskussion skiljer sig från andra diskussionsämnen.
22
Kaplan, Michelle S. "Collaboration: Who, When, and Why to Work Together." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7822.
Full textAbstract:
This study looked at how individuals choose whom to work with when a task necessitates collaboration. Prior research done on collaborative environments as well as outcomes of collaboration suggests that who you collaborate with will depend on two primary factors: the individuals from which you have to choose and the circumstances surrounding the task. In the proposed study, these factors will be explored. This thesis identified the lack of literature on informal collaboration, addressing the gap in the literature regarding processes that individuals use when choosing collaborators. This research focused on the influencing factors of similarity and expertise involved in this decision processes. Furthermore, this study aimed to understand how individuals choose collaborators under differing conditions of difficulty, novelty, and interdependence necessitated by the task.
23
Fitterer, Lisa Marie. "Form and its health functions : socioeconomic status-based network homophily and the personal health of canadians." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43466.
Full textAbstract:
There exists a well-documented positive association between social relationships and health. While much of this research has focused on mediating mechanisms through which network ties function to maintain or improve health, little attention has been given to network form, an important feature that likely influences network function. One particularly salient network form is homophily – the observed tendency for people to associate with those who are like themselves. In the present study, I propose and test several hypotheses regarding how homophily in terms of socioeconomic status (SES) influences personal health by structuring the support and resources available to individuals and how these relationships are moderated by an individual’s own SES. Analyses of nationally representative Canadian data reveal SES homophily to be directly and indirectly associated with personal mental and general health. However, these associations are dependent upon the type of homophily (education- or income-based), the health outcome in question, and at times, individual SES. These findings indicate the unique contribution of homophily for health and suggest that future research on social relationships and health should consider networks in terms of form as well as function.
24
Mogotsi, Itumeleng. "Homophily, relative deprivation and customer service. Do perception of sameness and group comparative identification affect service quality?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64884.
Full textAbstract:
ÒYour colour matters when dining outÓ
This was the experience of Sarita Ranchod, the Executive Director of Under the Rainbow when she wrote to City Press after dining out in Cape town (City Press, 2015). Her experience of service quality was appalling to say the least and she made a decision not to dine at certain restaurants because of the treatment she received at this particular restaurant. She was made to fill invisible and was not served while other people who happen to be Caucasian received preferential treatment, in one of Cape TownÕs restaurants. Thiru, on the other hand shared his experience of dining out in Centurion and wrote about this experience on the ÔBad ServiceÕ website, claiming that he had been subjected to Òsub-standard service with separate treatment for separate racesÓ (Bad Service. 2017). These two examples illustrate certain instances where members of the South African public have had poor service quality while visiting restaurants in the country (Bad Service, 2017; City Press, 2015).<br>Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.<br>nk2018<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>MBA<br>Unrestricted
25
Vo, Jacqueline H. "Check-In Frequency with Friends on Location-Based Social Networks: A Look at Homophily and Relational Closeness." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2630.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines factors associated with the frequency with which users of location-based social networks (LBSNs) "check-in" with their "friends." In addition to a variety of control factors (i.e., sex homophily, race homophily, geographic proximity, length of friendship, and "friendship" type, including non-romantic friend, romantic partner, and family), the central factors of interest were users' background and attitude homophily with, and relational closeness to, their "friends." Results demonstrate that relational closeness and "friendship" type (i.e., romantic partner) were significantly, positively associated with "check-in" frequency.
26
Nuru, Audra. "Misconceptions About Silence and Passivity: How American Students Perceive Asian International Students' Use of Passivity Within the Classroom." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3601.
Full textAbstract:
Asian international students (AIS) are becoming increasingly more populous in American universities each year. While AIS are enrolled in the same required classes as American students, it has been observed that frequent interaction between AIS and American students is rather uncommon. Due to obvious social hesitation between the two groups of students during classroom discussion, the study presented was initiated in order to unveil possible reasons for this social integration dilemma. Social Attractiveness, Perceived Homophily and Attributional Confidence scales were selected in order to determine possible factors contributing to this dilemma. In order to pursue explanations for the dormant socialization between the two groups of students during class, a survey was administered to a convenience sampling of 426 undergraduate students enrolled in upper-level courses at the University of Central Florida. Results indicated that passive classroom behavior was perceived as less socially desirable by American students. In fact, participants determined that students reflecting passive classroom behavior were less socially attractive, less similar, and less predictable than students that demonstrated active classroom behavior. Ethnicity factors did not play a key role in determining social appeal. These findings provide evidence that the social integration dilemma facing AIS and American students has much more to do with perceived social behavior and cultural differences regarding classroom behavior than with racial prejudice or ethnicity factors.<br>M.A.<br>Nicholson School of Communication<br>Sciences<br>Communication MA
27
Ryan, Mary Moran. "Quantifying the Functional Consequences of Spanish [S] Lenition| Plural Marking and Derived Homophony in Western Andalusian and Castilian." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10633842.
Full textAbstract:
<p> In this thesis, a new methodology is proposed for investigating Spanish [s] lenition (sound weakening or loss) via morphological analysis instead of phonetics. Word-final [s] is a morphological plural marker in Castilian Spanish, but is rarely produced in Western Andalusian Spanish (WAS). It is often asserted in the literature that the loss of [s] in WAS requires plurality to be expressed fcvia alternative means. The results of this study rule out lexical and morpho-syntactic compensation for [s] lenition in WAS in several previously untested domains, and imply that there is no functional motivation in Modern Spanish driving a need for compensation for word-final [s] lenition on nouns or determiners. This investigation is built on a predictable calculation of the environments in which the loss of [s] may result in derived singular/plural homophony in WAS nouns. This is used to quantify potential semantic ambiguity. A frequency comparison of 27,366 WAS and Castilian nouns, across 60 specific Determiner + Noun phrase environments, finds no significant differences between the dialects in the type or token frequencies of numerically ambiguous nouns, nor in 98.7% of the tested phrase environments. When taken in context with studies excluding phonetic compensation in WAS, the current results suggest that the low semantic relevance of word-final [s] in Modern Spanish is a potentially far-reaching explanation for the variable manifestations of [s] lenition experienced in Spanish dialects across the world.</p><p>
28
Gómez, Macías Maria, and Chonlatorn Rungsaridworakarn. "Instagram as a mirror : A study on how identification based on homophily impacts followers’ purchase intention on Instagram." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14709.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: This thesis aims to research how homophily affects followers/consumers’ attitudes towards Instagram fashion influencers. In particular, the purpose is to investigate if the perceived level of identification (evaluated according the homophily variables and types of identification) between followers/consumers and fashion influencers is one of the drivers behind followers/consumers’ engagement on Instagram. Additionally, consumption patterns on Instagram will be further investigated, paying special attention in determining if followers/consumers’ identification with fashion influencers have an impact on their purchase intention towards the fashion products the influencer endorses. Methodology: This thesis uses an abductive research approach, together with qualitative methods to fulfill its aim and answer the research questions. The empirical data were gathered through an in-depth interview which eight participants, sampled by purposive sampling ,answered. Subsequently, the interviews were transcribed, coded, and analysed using thematic analysis. The main limitations of the research are the facts that the participants live in the same area and are approximately the same age. Thusly, the transferability of the results mightbe complicated. Findings: The findings of the analysis point out that followers/consumers’ engage with fashion influencers at an interpersonal level, through realization of sharing similar interests and values. Participants have also shown a desire of becoming even more similar to their favourite influencers by altering the beliefs they have in common with them. From the perspective of the theory of Homophily-Heterophily, the engagement between followers and influencers is affected by both, value and status homophily. On the other hand, it has also been demonstrated that identification influences followers/consumers’ purchase intention towards the fashion products influencers endorse on Instagram. Contributions: This paper contributes to the academia by investigating followers/consumers’ purchase intention through the theories of Identification and Homophily-Heterophily. Additionally, the context of Instagram, as well as, the qualitative nature of this investigation are novelties on this field of study. Fashion companies and influencers can also benefit from the results of this research, since they would be able of creating better collaborations.
29
Carew, Joanne. "The power of peers: mobile youth culture, homophily and informal learning among a group of South African youth." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23428.
Full textAbstract:
Popular notions of "net generations" and "digital natives" have already been subject to sustained academic critique. This dissertation builds on such critiques by documenting the local practices and distinctive mobile literacies of a group of young people in South Africa. These young people (ages 13-17, n=18) were asked how they were learning about and using ICTs. The sample lived in Makhaza, Khayelitsha, and were members of a non-profit youth development organisation, Ikamva Youth, participating in beginner coding classes. This study explored what they had already learned about ICTs from their networks of close interpersonal relationships (n=133) and asked them how they felt about their own ICT knowledge, as well as the ICT skills of those around them. Unlike their wealthier counterparts, such young people do not have ubiquitous Internet connectivity, ease of access to consumer electronics or many opportunities to learn about computers in particular. Yet, rather than being stuck on the wrong side of a 'digital divide' or waiting passively for government to fulfil broken promises about digital literacy in schools, they were actively pursuing knowledge about ICTs and mobiles in particular. They demonstrated distinctive 'mobile-centric' repertoires, fostered through learning about ICTs from their strong ties. This gave rise to a distinctive mobile youth culture, shaped by race, class, and gender dynamics. Gendered biases and preoccupations, peer networks and technicities were particularly important. While this allows many creative and strategic appropriations of mobile technology, it also means that largely homophilous informal learning networks in part set the bounds of their learning. When most of what you're learning comes from your friends, it really matters who those friends are. Unsurprisingly, gaps in their digital literacies were apparent. In particular, their ability to fully participate in modern digital publics is curtailed. It remains essential to provide formal opportunities for young people to learn about ICTs at school, but also informally via a larger network of interpersonal relationships and communities of practice such as Ikamva Youth. Mobile technology presents many opportunities and suggests new approaches to digital literacy. Nonetheless, it seems likely that, given difficulties in accessing high status ICTs and bridging capital in particular, access and knowledge gaps will continue to disadvantage such young people.
30
Dohanos, Andrew D. "Fraternity and sorority member perceptions of homophily, supportive communication, and group behavior as a function of control expectancies." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2992.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2003.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 60, [1] p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-49).
31
Grevet, Catherine. "Being nice on the internet: Designing for the coexistence of diverse opinions online." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/55002.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis contributes to a better understanding of social media designs for more civil conversations online. I first demonstrated that people disengage from social media interactions when they encounter uncivil behavior from friends. To find alternative designs for social media that are more civil, I evaluated novel social interaction techniques. To do this, I designed a six-phase framework for prototyping social interactions called piggyback prototyping; and an algorithmic probe study methodology to include participants in the development of social curation algorithms. I built a piggyback prototype that modifies the civility on Facebook by highlighting positive posts in green and hiding impolite posts, and I deployed it as an algorithmic probe with 20 participants. I uncovered ways to improve the algorithm, and I found that participants responded most favorably to having civil posts highlighted. These findings open avenues for future research in designing pro-social platforms.
32
Koutsouris, Georgios. "Young people's preferences for social interaction in terms of homophily and inclusion : a critical analysis with reference to respect and democratic decision-making." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15094.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines young people’s preferences for social interaction with others perceived to be similar and different, and school staff’s interpretations of the young people’s social behaviour. The issue is explored with reference to a tension between social inclusion, the principle of embracing difference, and homophily, the sociological concept that similarity breeds connection. The idea of examining the two notions together was given by an analogy from aesthetics: as inclusion is understood as an ethical obligation to embrace difference, it may come into tension with people’s actual preferences for social interaction that can be represented by homophily. The project, influenced by personal construct psychology, focused on participants’ perceptions of similarity and difference. The tension was explored empirically using scenarios to conduct in depth semi-structured interviews with young people with Asperger syndrome, visual impairment and without disabilities, and school staff from mainstream and special settings. As the tension was expected to have an ethical dimension, the methods were influenced by research in moral psychology. According to the findings, homophily was consistent with the experiences of the participants in the study, and inclusion was considered to be an ethical obligation. The data also suggested that homophily and inclusion can come into a tension. This tension is evident in education, as students with disabilities or other differences might express a preference to be among similar others. School staff then would face the tension of respecting their preferences or enforcing inclusion, something that young people stressed would show lack of respect. As homophily can also conceal discrimination, the tension was not easily resolved. The matter is related to school policies about difference but, since it cannot be fully resolved by them, it can be related to a particular ethos that would recognise the role of open dialogue. Theoretically, the homophily/inclusion tension is one between individuality and commonality. It can challenge our understanding of what the ethical obligation to inclusion actually entails, and what treating the students respectfully should mean. Overall, it questions the justice of inclusion and opens a debate about participatory decision-making and democratic school management. The practical significance of the study can be located in the implications of the tension in the everyday school life. The particular approach to inclusion that the study suggests can be translated into appropriate training activities for the management of difference at school level. It can also inform school policies of inclusion and difference to acknowledge students’ preferences and tensions of values.
33
Zhu, Shu. "Birds of a feather flock together : a study of homophily tendency in social networks of mainland undergraduate students in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1390.
Full text
34
Pousár, Pauline. "Sweden Rock Festivalen, ett kulturellt och socialt fenomen?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-319739.
Full textAbstract:
Sweden Rock Festival is one of the biggest festivals in Sweden and its focus on rock music in its different forms keeps the audience coming back and keeps the festival going. Time and time again the festival is noticed as being one of the safer festivals based on the amount of reported assaults and reported accidents. The purpose of this paper is to try to find the reason why the Sweden Rock Festival is perceived as safe. Looking at our rules and regulations harassment, violent crimes and sexual predatory behaviour is more common on a city street in daylight than it is at the festival even if some men and women are barely wearing clothes, are intoxicated and at times sleeping alone in the grass in a secluded area. The materials put together show that people choose to co-exist and care for each other to keep the festival safe and welcoming. The paper is based on my own observations at the festival as well as interviews with other visitors, these were conducted in person. I have found statistics from the police and materials written about the festival. I have chosen to use the theory of homophily in some parts of the analysis but I am focusing on performance theories as well as the values and morals aspect to get a full picture of what actually happens when you set foot at the Sweden Rock Festival.
35
Zanata, Júnior Rui. "Mecanismos da homofilia : a invisibilização dos desiguais no associativismo urbano." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/61722.
Full textAbstract:
Esta dissertação visa dar prosseguimento às investigações realizadas com duas associações de moradores de Porto Alegre – uma localizada numa vila popular e outra situada num bairro de classe média. Essas pesquisas evidenciaram que as distâncias estruturais e relacionais entre agentes que ocupam posições distintas em contextos de desigualdades extremas se reproduzem também na conformação das redes associativas. Frente a esses resultados, coloca-se a finalidade central desta pesquisa: identificar e analisar processos sociais que permitem explicar a associação causal entre distância social estrutural e distância social relacional – ou seja, a homofilia – observada no associativismo urbano de Porto Alegre. Devido à impossibilidade de abordar adequadamente os diversos mecanismos que concorrem para a (re)produção da homofilia, optou-se por focalizar um mecanismo que, hipoteticamente, parece desempenhar um papel central em um contexto de profunda desigualdade como o brasileiro: o mecanismo de invisibilização. Argumenta-se que a invisibilização de indivíduos e grupos em posições inferiorizadas por parte daqueles ocupantes de posições superiores na hierarquia social constitui um mecanismo importante na constituição das fronteiras sociais e simbólicas em espaços sociais marcados por desigualdades extremas. A hipótese aventada é de que a invisibilização tende a bloquear os contatos entre indivíduos desigualmente situados no espaço social ao estabelecer fronteiras sociais e simbólicas entre eles, contribuindo, assim, na reprodução das distâncias estruturais e relacionais no associativismo. Para fins de análise, tomam-se como objetos de investigação indivíduos engajados em duas associações de moradores de classe média de Porto Alegre. São investigadas as relações e os deslocamentos desses indivíduos como um recurso metodológico para analisar os padrões homofílicos observados na atuação das organizações às quais eles pertencem. A opção por indivíduos como unidade de análise se fundamenta no argumento de que as relações entre agentes sociais são conformadas pelos grupos aos quais eles pertencem conjuntamente, enquanto que os laços entre grupos são formados pelos integrantes que eles compartilham. Para compreender como opera a invisibilização nas redes de relações, empregou-se a metodologia de análise de redes sociais. As técnicas de produção de informações reticulares conhecidas como gerador de nomes e name interpreters possibilitaram construir a trama de relações dos egos entrevistados e explorar os atributos socioeconômicos dos seus alters, respectivamente. Para dar conta da invisibilização nos deslocamentos e destinos dos agentes pesquisados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foi solicitado a eles que desenhassem em um mapa até três percursos dentro do bairro e três trajetos dentro da cidade, bem como fazer comentários sobre tais deslocamentos. A análise das redes relacionais e dos deslocamentos dos oito casos investigados permite sustentar empiricamente a presença e a operação do mecanismo de invisibilização. De um lado, ela se expressa na tendência de que indivíduos em posições subalternizadas estejam ausentes dos espaços e das relações que estruturam o cotidiano dos indivíduos pesquisados. Tal ausência diminui (e, no limite, impede) a possibilidade de que relações significativas e duradouras se estabeleçam entre os desiguais. Por outro, mesmo quando aquela tendência é rompida e os entrevistados interagem com indivíduos e organizações em posições inferiorizadas, observa-se que tal interação tende a não produzir vínculos relevantes.<br>This dissertation aims to continue the investigations carried out with two residents’ associations in Porto Alegre – one located in a poor neighborhood and the other in a middle class neighborhood. These surveys have shown that the structural and relational distances among agents who occupy distinct positions in contexts of extreme inequality are reproduced in the conformity of the associative networks as well. Based on these results, the main purpose of this research is presented: to identify and analyze the social processes that help explain the causal association between structural social distance and relational social distance – in other words, homophily – observed in the urban associations in Porto Alegre. Given the impossibility of adequately covering the numerous mechanisms that compete to the (re)production of homophily, we chose to address a mechanism that, hypothetically, seems to play a central role in a context of profound inequality, as it is the case in Brazil: the invisibility mechanism. It is argued that the invisibilization of individuals and groups in inferior positions by the ones that occupy superior positions in the social hierarchy constitutes an important mechanism in the formation of social and symbolic boundaries in social spaces characterized by extreme inequalities. The suggested hypothesis is that invisibilization tends to impede the contact between individuals unequally situated in the social space by establishing social and symbolic boundaries between them, contributing, thus, to the propagation of the structural and relational distances in associations. For the analysis, individuals engaged in two middle class residents’ associations in Porto Alegre are taken as objects of investigation. The relationships and displacements of these individuals are investigated as a methodological resource to analyze the homophylic patterns observed in the performance of the organizations they belong to. The choice for individuals as units of analysis is based on the argument that the relationships among social agents are shaped by the groups in which they participate together, whereas the relations between groups are formed by the participants they have in common. In order to understand how the invisibilization on the networks of relations operates, a method of social network analysis was used. The reticular information production techniques, known as name generators and name interpreters, facilitate the construction of a web of relations of the interviewed egos and the exploration of the socioeconomic attributes of their alters, respectively. To address the invisibilization on the dislocations and destinations of the participants, semi-structured interviews were made. They were asked to draw in a map up to three routes inside their neighborhood and three routes inside the city, as well as to comment about these dislocations. The analysis of the networks of relations and dislocations on the eight cases investigated allow empirical sustention of the presence and operation of the invisibility mechanism. On the one hand, it is expressed on the tendency that individuals in subordinated positions are absent in spaces and relations that structure the daily lives of the participants. This absence decreases (and, ultimately, prevents) the possibility of establishing significant and lasting relationships between the unequal. On the other hand, even when this tendency is broken and the participants interact with individuals and organizations in inferior positions, it is observed that this interaction tends not to produce relevant bonds.
36
Sabo, Melody. "Retaining Interests: The Relationship between Student Interests and Student Retention." Malone University Undergraduate Honors Program / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ma1463139891.
Full text
37
Guha, Trupti. "Catching the video virus." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1210343957.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Ap.C.T. & M.)--Cleveland State University, 2008.<br>Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 11, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p.111-118). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.
38
Maňák, Ondřej. "Automatická tvorba varhanní předehry k církevním písním." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237144.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this master's thesis is an automatic creation of organ overtures for church songs from both theoretical and practical points of view. Organ overture is a short introduction to a church song. According to the fact that it can be described by a finite set of rules, it is possible to use techniques for solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems. An effective instrument to develop such system can be C++ programming language and Gecode library.
39
Kang, Yifan. "Three Essays on The Economics of Sexually Transmitted Infections." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40963.
Full textAbstract:
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have important consequences for individuals and society. Extensive literature has shown that various individual factors impact STIs. However, much less is known about their structural causes and how they affect sexual behavior and sexual network formation. In the first two chapters of this dissertation, I investigate how sex ratios and ethnic divisions affect sexual activity and the spread of STIs. In the third chapter, I analyze the effect of ethnic-based romantic homophily on STIs. I provide a brief description of each chapter below.
Chapter 1. We extend a theory of fidelity in a two-sided economy, and empirically discriminate between different rationales of sexual network formation by testing their implications for how sex ratios affect sexual activity, relationship stability, and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases in men versus women. We use a unique individual-level dataset in combination with census data from England and Wales, a setting where adult women outnumber adult men. Exploiting variation in cohort/ethnicity/region-specific sex ratios as a quasi-natural experiment, we find that a decrease in sex ratio imbalance decreases sexual infidelity and the number of serial partners, and increases the likelihood of safe sex. This in turn reduces the likelihood of acquiring a range of sexually transmitted infections and diseases, including chlamydia, gonorrhoea, genital warts, and herpes. Consistent with the rationale underlying the formation of egalitarian (in)fidelity networks, the effects of the sex ratio on sexual activity are larger for men compared to women, while its effects on sexual diseases are larger for women compared to men. The causality of these effects is established using classical and recent instrumental variables approaches and various robustness checks. For falsification, we show that sex ratios have no impact on several "atheoretical" health conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, chronic lung disease, heart attack, stroke, and diabetes, which do not arise from sexual interactions.
Chapter 2. In societies organized around distinct racial and ethnic groups, limited communication between these groups might increase the search cost of sexual partners outside of own group, leading to racially segregated sexual networks and low risks of sexually transmitted diseases. At the same time, because sexual infidelity is more likely to be discovered when the cheated-upon individuals are co-ethnics, individuals in multiracial societies might find it cheaper to select sexual partners from diverse ethnic groups to hide their infidelity, which would lead to large interethnic sexual networks and high risks of STIs. We test these conflicting hypotheses by analyzing the causal effect of neighborhood-level racial diversity on sexual activity and STIs, using unique individual-level data from England, Wales, and Scotland. We find that individuals residing in multiracial neighborhoods have a greater number of sexual partners and are more likely to be infected with a wide range of STIs than their counterparts residing in more racially homogeneous neighborhoods. We use traditional and new instrumental variables approaches and various robustness checks to establish causation. Analyzing mechanisms, we find that within racially diverse neighborhoods, individuals who select sexual partners from diverse racial groups are more likely to be infected with STIs, holding the number of partners and other individual characteristics fixed. For falsification, we conduct a reverse-placebo test showing that racial diversity has no effect on a wide range of health conditions that do not arise from sexual interactions. From a policy perspective, our analysis implies that policies that promote racial and ethnic integration are likely to reduce unhealthy sexual activity and the spread of STIs in racially heterogeneous societies.
Chapter 3. A classical hypothesis in social network theory holds that central individuals are more likely to receive and spread information than are their peripheral counterparts. We test this hypothesis in the context of sexual networks and sexually transmitted diseases, using data from the United Kingdom. Romantic homophily - the tendency to select sexual partners with similar ethnic background - is used as a measure of the extent to which an individual is peripheral in a sexual network. We find that more sexually homophilous individuals have a lower risk of sexual infections. This effect is causal, and larger for women, Whites, and heterosexuals.
40
Davis, Daryl Christopher. "African American Faculty Perceptions of how Campus Racial Climate and the Quest for Tenure Influence Their Interaction with African American Students at Predominantly White Institutions." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1576203483313774.
Full text
41
Horváth, Gergely. "Three essays on dynamic processes and information flow on social networks." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/22855.
Full text
42
Messamer, Gina Marie. "The connection between female business-owners and female lawyers and its impact on making partner." Thesis, The University of Iowa, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1545466.
Full textAbstract:
<p> The success of firm lawyers depends largely upon their ability to develop a clientele. Naturally, access to potential clients and the relationships between lawyers and their clients and potential clients are exceedingly important for client development. Various factors likely play into relationships between lawyers and business leaders, two important factors being homophily and in-group preferences. Both homophily and in-group preferences mechanisms would predict that law firms are more likely to assign clients to associates who bear certain similarities to those clients. Accordingly, associates who are more similar to the business community they serve are more likely to be assigned clients and awarded responsibility. In this way, a lawyers' success depends in part on the composition of the business community in which they operate. In making partnership decisions, law firms value associates' aptitude for client relations, thus incorporating these effects into promotion evaluations. This study asks the question: at the state level, to what extent does the success of female-owned businesses correlate to the success of female lawyers who work at law firms? Using a national survey of lawyers seven years after admission to the bar, logistic regression demonstrates that it is not the percentage of businesses in a state that are female-owned that influences the likelihood of making partner for female associates. Rather, the results show that the percentage of sales generated by female-owned businesses is the influential variable: as women generate a greater percent of a state's economic activity, female lawyers are in turn more likely to achieve the status of partner.</p>
43
Dautriche, Isabelle. "Weaving an ambiguous lexicon." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB112/document.
Full textAbstract:
Il y a (au moins) deux questions fondamentales que l’on est amené à se poser lorsqu’on étudie le langage: comment acquiert-on le langage? —le problème d’apprentissage —et pourquoi les langues du monde partagent certaines propriétés mais pas d’autres? —le problème typologique. Dans cette thèse, j’entreprends de relier ces deux domaines en me focalisant sur le lexique, l’ensemble des mots de notre langue et leur sens associés, en posant les questions suivantes: pourquoi le lexique est-il tel qu’il est? Et est-ce que les propriétés du lexique peuvent être (en partie) expliquées par la façon dont les enfants apprennent leur langue? Un des aspects les plus frappants du lexique est que les mots que nous utilisons sont ambigus et peuvent être confondus facilement avec d’autres. En effet, les mots peuvent avoir plusieurs sens (par exemple, les homophones) et sont représentés par un ensemble limité de sons qui augmentent la possibilité qu’ils soient confondus (par exemple, les paires minimales). L’existence de ces mots semble présenter un problème pour les enfants qui apprennent leur langue car il a été montré qu’ils ont des difficultés à apprendre des mots dont les formes sonores sont proches et qu’ils résistent à l’apprentissage des mots ayant plusieurs sens. En combinant une approche computationnelle et expérimentale, je montre, quantitativement, que les mots du lexique sont, en effet, plus similaires que ce qui serait attendu par chance, et expérimentalement, que les enfants n’ont aucun problème à apprendre ces mots à la condition qu’ils apparaissent dans des contextes suffisamment distincts. Enfin, je propose que l’étude des mots ambigus permet de révéler des éléments importants du mécanisme d’apprentissage du langage qui sont actuellement absents des théories actuelles. Cet ensemble d’études suggère que les mots ambigus et les mots similaires, bien que présents dans le langage, n’apparaissent pas arbitrairement dans le langage et que leur organisation reflète (en partie) la façon dont les enfants apprennent leur langue<br>Modern cognitive science of language concerns itself with (at least) two fundamental questions: how do humans learn language? —the learning problem —and why do the world’s languages exhibit some properties and not others? —the typology problem. In this dissertation, I attempt to link these two questions by looking at the lexicon, the set of word-forms and their associated meanings, and ask why do lexicons look the way they are? And can the properties exhibited by the lexicon be (in part) explained by the way children learn their language? One striking observation is that the set of words in a given language is highly ambiguous and confusable. Words may have multiple senses (e.g., homonymy, polysemy) and are represented by an arrangement of a finite set of sounds that potentially increase their confusability (e.g., minimal pairs). Lexicons bearing such properties present a problem for children learning their language who seem to have difficulty learning similar sounding words and resist learning words having multiple meanings. Using lexical models and experimental methods in toddlers and adults, I present quantitative evidence that lexicons are, indeed, more confusable than what would be expected by chance alone. I then present empirical evidence suggesting that toddlers have the tools to bypass these problems given that ambiguous or confusable words are constrained to appear in distinct context. Finally, I submit that the study of ambiguous words reveal factors that were currently missing from current accounts of word learning. Taken together this research suggests that ambiguous and confusable words, while present in the language, may be restricted in their distribution in the lexicon and that these restrictions reflect (in part) how children learn languages
44
Yu, Chenyu. "Vlog: Resonance Experience Impact on Audience Continuance intention to Watch Travel Vlogs and Travel Intention." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1626964397466959.
Full text
45
Silva, Bárbara Rafaela Pereira. "Fatores motivacionais individuais e relacionais que influenciam o eWOM engagement na rede social instagram." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16583.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Marketing<br>A rede social Instagram emerge no panorama internacional e nacional como a rede em maior expansão, com um crescimento intenso no número de utilizadores. Com a crescente adesão dos consumidores a esta nova plataforma, torna-se pertinente investigar que fatores influenciam o eWOM engagement nesta rede social, devido à consequente repercussão que este pode ter na intenção de compra dos consumidores. Assim, este estudo pretende estudar os fatores motivacionais relacionais que influenciam o eWOM engagement na rede social Instagram, nomeadamente, a força dos laços, a homofilia, a confiança, a reciprocidade, as influências normativa e informativa; e os fatores motivacionais individuais, nomeadamente, redução do risco, aprovação social, redução do esforço e tempo de pesquisa, obtenção de informações de utilização do produto e benefícios da interação social. Adotou-se uma metodologia quantitativa com amostragem por conveniência, implementada através de inquérito por questionário online, com 150 respostas válidas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os fatores motivacionais relacionais - influências normativa e informativa - e o fator motivacional individual - redução do risco - estão positivamente associados com eWOM engagement no Instagram. O estudo sugere que as características específicas da rede social Instagram afetam de forma única os comportamentos dos indivíduos, evidenciando a necessidade de atenção por parte dos marketers no desenvolvimento das suas estratégias de marketing e comunicação.<br>Instagram emerges in the national and international scene as a social network in rapid expansion, with a strong growth in users. With consumer migration to this new platform, it becomes necessary to study the individual and relational factors that impact engagement in eWOM given the consequential repercussion in buying intent. As such, this study aims to study the relational motivational factors that determine engagement in eWOM on Instagram, specifically tie strenght, homophily, trust, reciprocity, normative and informational influence; and individual motivational factors, specifically risk reduction, social approval, reduction of search time and effort, to learn how a product is to be consumed and social interaction benefits. We've adapted a quantitative methodology with convenience sampling, implemented through an online questionnaire which achieved 150 valid answers. The results obtained show that relational motivational factors - normative and informational influence - and the individual motivational factor - risk reduction - are positively associated with eWOM engagement on Instagram. The study suggests that the specific characteristics of Instagram affect in a unique way the behavior of individuals, making clear the need for marketers to pay close attention in developing their communication strategies.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
46
Stenvinkel, Fredrik. "Referrals, : The Holy Grail of Recruiting." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-175775.
Full textAbstract:
A critical aspect for organizational performance is recruiting “the right” people. Great talent serves as a foundation for great companies and a strong pool of candidates is a prerequisite for success. It is furthermore necessary to have an effective recruitment process in order to attract high quality candidates. Slow-paced recruiting processes may serve as a bottleneck to growth meanwhile an effective recruitment process within an organization speaks volumes about the company. It is a direct reflection of the professionalism and validity of the business while leaving its mark on both current and prospective employees. Referral-based recruiting is often referred to as the “holy grail” of recruiting strategies and is an industry term for when a someone, such as a current employee, supplies a candidate from their own network to the recruiter. The strategy capitalizes on the social and professional networks of people in order to generate candidates and is often combined with rewards to incentivize recommendations. Many claims that the recruitment method yields advantages such as increased candidate quality, retention rate and reduced time to hire etc. However, often, these claims are not peer reviewed and lack the empirical evidence to support these claims. This research aims to contribute with knowledge to what role referral-based recruiting plays within Stockholm and to learn more about how the social processes and human elements affects the outcome. Furthermore, how the recruitment method impacts the assessed quality of the candidate pool and recruitment process. A total of six managers active within recruiting in Stockholm has been interviewed for this research. The managers were each asked to describe and evaluate the hiring of five candidates and their respective recruitment process. The empirical results were analyzed in combination to the theoretical framework. Through the analysis, the conclusion was drawn that referral-based recruiting in fact appears to offer unique advantages in comparison to traditional recruiting strategies, such as job-adverts, headhunting and hiring the services of recruitment firms.
47
Cambefort, Marine. "Rôle du leadership d'opinion dans la résistance du consommateur à la marque : approche multi-méthodes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1039/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse étudie le rôle du leadership d’opinion dans un contexte particulier : celui de la résistance du consommateur à la marque. Afin de répondre à cet objectif, trois études sont menées. Une étude ethnographique permet de définir les caractéristiques et les rôles des leaders d’opinion dans un groupe de résistance. Les leaders se distinguent par leur statut, à la fois formel et informel. Ils présentent des caractéristiques socio-démographiques, psychologiques et relatives à leurs habitudes de consommation. Ils endossent trois types de rôles : l’influence sur la résistance des militants et des autres consommateurs, la transmission et le maintien des normes du groupe, et les relations hors du groupe. La deuxième étude qualitative, fondée sur une approche clinique, permet de comprendre l’exercice du leadership d’opinion contre la marque. L’analyse de contenu de 15 entretiens semi-directifs fait émerger des facteurs qui l’impactent, positivement et négativement. Ils sont de trois natures : contextuelle, individuelle et relationnelle. L’étude quantitative, basée sur une quasi-expérimentation (n=260), montre que le leadership d’opinion dans une cause a un effet indirect sur l’intention du consommateur de résister à une marque qui la transgresse, via l’expertise perçue du leader dans la cause. L’homophilie perceptuelle (similarité en matière de goûts, dégoûts, valeurs et expériences) et la force des liens (proximité affective) exercent un effet modérateur dans le modèle<br>This Ph.D. dissertation studies the role of opinion leadership in a particular context that is consumer resistance to brand. To this end, three studies are conducted. First, an ethnographic research helps to better define the characteristics and roles of opinion leaders in a resistance group. Results show that these leaders have particular status, both formal and informal. They also possess sociodemographic and psychological characteristics, as well as characteristics related to their own consumption habits. Finally they can take on three different roles: influencing militants and other consumer’s resistance, transmitting and maintaining group norms, and managing external relations. The second study draws from a clinical approach and uses 15 in-depth interviews to understand leaders’ actions against the brand. Data analysis emphasizes contextual, individual, and relational factors which all have consequences – whether positive or negative – on the opinion leadership process. Finally, a quantitative study based on a quasi-experiment (n=260) shows that opinion leadership in a cause has an indirect effect on consumer intention to resist against a particular brand (boycott, complaints, negative word-of-mouth), via leader’s perceived expertise in the cause. Perceptual homophily (similarity of tastes, distastes, values and experiences) and ties strength (affective closeness) have moderator effects in the model
48
Kim, Soyeon. "The Influence of eWOM Communications in Consumer Review Websites: An Application of Online Social Network Framework." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373992250.
Full text
49
Ferreira, Mateus. "Engajamento com fan pages de marcas no Facebook: impacto da força do laço, homofilia e confiança." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11569.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Mateus Ferreira (mateus5588ferreira@hotmail.com) on 2014-03-28T14:18:32Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertação Mateus Ferreira-2.pdf: 1895713 bytes, checksum: 2c6f04b32f26367332f9bc93b208175c (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2014-03-28T14:19:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertação Mateus Ferreira-2.pdf: 1895713 bytes, checksum: 2c6f04b32f26367332f9bc93b208175c (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-28T14:20:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertação Mateus Ferreira-2.pdf: 1895713 bytes, checksum: 2c6f04b32f26367332f9bc93b208175c (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-02-26<br>A literatura de relacionamento do consumidor com a marca tem reconhecido a importância do ambiente virtual como ferramenta eficaz para a promoção da marca. Este espaço permitiu uma maior proximidade e estreitamento das relações com os diversos públicos das empresas ao potencializar as funções do marketing, o que levou as empresas a criarem fan pages de marca a fim de promover maior interação e incrementar o relacionamento com os stakeholders. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo verificar o impacto da força do laço e da homofilia na confiança em uma fan page de marca, e o impacto da confiança no engajamento com esta fan page. Para atender a este objetivo, a pesquisa se deu em duas etapas: uma primeira fase qualitativa e uma segunda fase quantitativa. Na primeira fase, esta pesquisa identifica a unidade de análise dos conceitos e gera itens para a mensuração da força do laço, homofilia, confiança e engajamento, por meio da revisão de literatura e nove entrevistas com seguidores de fan pages de marcas. A segunda fase verifica, por meio de uma survey com 688 seguidores de uma fan page, o impacto destes conceitos no engajamento. As entrevistas foram analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo, enquanto que os dados da survey e a rede nomológica foram analisados pela modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados da primeira fase indicam que os consumidores tratam a fan page como unidade de análise dos conceitos e forneceram itens satisfatórios para a mensuração dos conceitos e suas dimensões. Já os resultados da segunda fase dão suporte a rede nomológica testada, indicando uma associação positiva da força do laço e homofilia com a confiança, e da confiança com o engajamento com fan pages de marcas.<br>The literature on consumer relationship with brand has recognized the importance of the virtual environment as an effective tool for brand promotion. This place allowed companies to have a greater proximity and closer relationship with different audiences to enhance the functions of marketing, which led companies to create brand fan pages to promote interaction and foster the relationship with stakeholders. This dissertation aims at determining the impact of tie strength of and homophily in trust on the brand fan page and the impact of trust in the engagement with this page. To answer this goal, the research was made in two stages: a first qualitative phase and a second quantitative phase. In the first phase, this research identifies the units of analysis and generates items to measure the strength of ties, homophily, trust and engagement by means of literature review and interviews with nine followers of brands fan pages. The second phase checks, through a survey of 688 followers of a fan page, the impact of these concepts in engagement. The interviews were analyzed with use of content analysis, while data from the survey and the nomological network were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. The results of the first phase indicate that consumers treat the fan page as a concepts supplier and provided satisfactory items for the measurement of concepts and their dimensions. The results of the second stage support the nomological network, indicating a positive association of the strength of tie and homophily with trust, and of trust with engagement with brands fan pages.
50
Martins, Abreu Luis Carlos. "Essays in Applied Economic Theory of Online News and Networks." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU10015.
Full textAbstract:
Le premier chapitre de cette thèse considère une entreprise de médias financée par la publicité qui choisit l'emplacement idéologique de ses nouvelles et cible les consommateurs qui peuvent partager les nouvelles avec leurs abonnés sur les médias sociaux. Après avoir étudié comment l'incitation de chaque consommateur ciblé à partager les nouvelles est façonnée par l'emplacement des nouvelles et la distribution des emplacements idéologiques de ses abonnés, nous étudions la stratégie de l'entreprise pour maximiser l'étendue du partage des nouvelles et constatons que lorsque la moyenne (respectivement, la variance) des localisations idéologiques des suiveurs est une fonction convexe (respectivement concave) de la localisation d'un consommateur ciblé, l'entreprise est susceptible de produire des informations polarisées.Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous considérons une plate-forme monopolistique fournissant un continuum de contenus différenciés verticalement et étudions la conception des contrats de filtrage optimaux lorsque les consommateurs ont des types binaires. Un contrat précise un ensemble de contenus, un prix et si la consommation de contenus fait ou non l'objet d'une publicité. Nous distinguons les allocations de contenu descendantes des allocations ascendantes et permettons le regroupement d'informations d'un ensemble de contenus. Nous constatons que la publicité peut inciter la plate-forme à utiliser une allocation ascendante pour les consommateurs de type faible, tandis que les contrats basés sur un abonnement utilisent toujours des allocations descendantes. La publicité a tendance à inciter la plateforme à augmenter la quantité de contenu consommée en recourant au regroupement d'informations, ce qui augmente le surplus du consommateur. Lorsque la consommation de contenu ne peut pas être subventionnée par un prix négatif, la plateforme peut trouver optimal de proposer un contrat freemium, qui étend (réduit) l'ensemble de consommation, par rapport au cas de la subvention à la consommation, pour des allocations ascendantes (allocations descendantes ) et augmente (réduit) ainsi le surplus du consommateur. Enfin, lorsque les types élevés subissent une nuisance publicitaire plus importante que les types faibles, la plate-forme peut avoir une incitation socialement excessive à montrer de la publicité aux types faibles afin d'extraire la rente d'information des types élevés.Dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudions les réseaux de licences de brevets à l'équilibre qui surgissent entre des entreprises concurrentes symétriques. Nous envisageons des accords de licence qui ne peuvent pas spécifier de redevances mais qui peuvent utiliser des frais fixes et se concentrer sur des réseaux efficaces sur le plan bilatéral. Nous constatons que le réseau complet, qui génère le résultat le plus compétitif, est toujours efficace bilatéralement. Lorsqu'il y a trois firmes symétriques, nous fournissons une caractérisation complète de tous les réseaux de licences bilatéralement efficaces. Lorsque les brevets sont indépendants, nous constatons que le réseau en étoile menant au monopole n'est jamais bilatéralement efficace. En particulier, lorsque la réduction des coûts du brevet est suffisamment importante, il y a un grand contraste : bien qu'un accord de licence multilatéral permette aux entreprises de mettre en œuvre le résultat du monopole, le réseau complet est l'unique réseau bilatéralement efficace. Nous fournissons une condition générale dans laquelle le réseau complet est à la fois le résultat unique efficace sur le plan bilatéral et le résultat unique de maximisation des profits de l'industrie pour un nombre donné d'entreprises. Nos résultats offrent des implications politiques claires en faveur des licences à prix fixe par rapport aux licences à tarif en deux parties, y compris les redevances<br>The first chapter of this thesis considers an ad-financed media firm that chooses the ideological location of its news and targets consumers who can share the news with their followers on social media. After studying how each targeted consumer's incentive to share the news is shaped by the location of the news and the distribution of her followers’ ideological locations, we study the firm's strategy to maximize the breadth of news sharing and find that when the mean (respectively, the variance) of the followers' ideological locations is a convex (respectively, concave) function of a targeted consumer's location, the firm is likely to produce polarized news.In the second chapter, we consider a monopoly platform providing a continuum of vertically differentiated content and study the design of the optimal screening contracts when consumers have binary types. A contract specifies a set of content, a price and whether or not the content consumption is subject to advertising. We distinguish top-down content allocations from bottom-up allocations and allow for informational bundling of a content set. We find that advertising can induce the platform to use bottom-up allocation for low-type consumers while subscription-based contracts always use top-down allocations. Advertising tends to induce the platform to expand the amount of content consumed by resorting to informational bundling, which increases consumer surplus. When content consumption cannot be subsidized by a negative price, the platform may find it optimal to offer a freemium contract, which expands (reduces) the consumption set, relative to the case of consumption subsidy, for bottom-up allocations (top-down allocations) and thereby increases (reduces) consumer surplus. Finally, when high types experience larger ad nuisance than low types, the platform may have a socially excessive incentive to show advertising to low types in order to extract the information rent of high types.In the third chapter, we study equilibrium patent licensing networks that arise among symmetric competing firms. We consider licensing agreements that cannot specify royalties but can use fixed fees and focus on bilaterally-efficient networks. We find that the complete network, which generates the most competitive outcome is always bilaterally efficient. When there are three symmetric firms, we provide a complete characterization of all bilaterally-efficient licensing networks. When patents are independent, we find that the star network leading to monopoly is never bilaterally efficient. In particular, when the cost reduction from patent is large enough, there is a big contrast: although a multilateral licensing agreement allows the firms to implement the monopoly outcome, the complete network is the unique bilaterally-efficient network. We provide a general condition under which the complete network is both the unique bilaterally-efficient outcome and the unique industry-profit-maximizing outcome for any given number of firms. Our results offer clear-cut policy implications in favor of fixed-fee licensing relative to two-part tariff licensing including royalties