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Journal articles on the topic 'Homophobia in the workplace'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Meglich, Patricia, Tracy Porter, and Nancy Day. "Does sexual orientation of bullying target influence bystander response?" Irish Journal of Management 39, no. 1 (August 22, 2020): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijm-2010-0005.

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AbstractThe Bystander Intervention Model (BIM) is applied to explore how bystanders to workplace bullying assess situations and choose responses based on the (female) target’s sexual orientation. We investigate how attitudes of homophobia and amnestic heterosexism (AH) affect these responses. Vignettes of workplace mistreatment against lesbian, female bisexuals, or female heterosexual targets were randomly presented to respondents, who were asked to assess the degree of “mistreatment” they perceive, their feelings of personal responsibility, and their anticipated responses. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Regardless of levels of homophobia or AH, respondents report less active intervention when the target is lesbian compared to bisexual or heterosexual females. Respondents do not distinguish between conditions in clarity or severity of bullying. However, those higher in homophobia and AH feel less personal responsibility and are less likely to intervene when the target is lesbian.

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2

Ryan-Flood, Róisín. "Putting yourself on the line: Pedagogy, homophobia and the elephant in the classroom." Lesbian & Gay Psychology Review 10, no. 1 (September 2009): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpslg.2009.10.1.8.

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A commitment to challenging oppressive power relations within the context of teaching practice requires addressing multiple aspects of identity within the classroom and examining their impact on classroom dynamics. In this paper, I explore some of the challenges of being a lesbian academic navigating homophobia in the higher education workplace, including the classroom and lecture hall. The dilemmas I have encountered include: the degree to which I am open about my sexual identity with students; choosing appropriate moments to come out; and challenging heteronormative and homophobic viewpoints at the same time as encouraging students to freely engage in discussion around a range of complex issues. Attempting to create a non-heteronormative classroom involves a range of strategies, such as incorporating sexuality into the curriculum and supporting LGBT students. Efforts to challenge heteronormativity within higher educational settings reveal how identity and space are mutually constituted.

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3

Akgül, Tuong-Deniz, and Vildan Güneş. "Minority Stress of Workers as Internal Customers: A Case Study in Turkey." Athens Journal of Business & Economics 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.9-1-7.

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LGBT+ workers are invisible in Turkish work life. This paper aims to investigate LGBT+ workers as internal customers and how their performance in the workplace is affected by minority stress. Since LGBT+ individuals face covert discrimination in the workplace, this might cause minority stress. According to this argument, this study will investigate whether minority stress causes performance loss in the workplace and whether this affects LGBT+ people's performance as internal customers. Grounded theory approach has been used in this research. To conduct the qualitative study, 36 phone interviews were conducted. Participants were recruited with the snowball sampling method. The interview form was prepared according to the Human Rights Campaign’s Corporate Equality Index questionnaire and included a video that shows a job interview. Based on the results, minority stress causes performance loss in the workplace. The findings highlight that LGBT+ individuals generally prefer not to be out at their workplaces because of internalized homophobia, perceived stigma, and prejudiced events concerning their sexual identity and gender expression. Furthermore, nondiscrimination is not legally enshrined in Turkey. LGBT+ individuals face covert discrimination in the workplace, which affects their performance as internal customers. Only a few Non-Governmental Organizations have reported on LGBT+ individuals’ working situation. This research paper comprehensively examines their work lives and attitudes towards companies. Keywords: LGBT+, internal customer, minority stress, gender, workplace

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4

Akgül, Deniz, and Vildan Güneş. "Minority Stress of Workers as Internal Customers: A Case Study in Turkey." Athens Journal of Business & Economics 9, no. 2 (March 3, 2023): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.9-2-2.

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LGBT+ workers are invisible in Turkish work life. This paper aims to investigate LGBT+ workers as internal customers and how their performance in the workplace is affected by minority stress. Since LGBT+ individuals face covert discrimination in the workplace, this might cause minority stress. According to this argument, this study will investigate whether minority stress causes performance loss in the workplace and whether this affects LGBT+ people's performance as internal customers. Grounded theory approach has been used in this research. To conduct the qualitative study, 36 phone interviews were conducted. Participants were recruited with the snowball sampling method. The interview form was prepared according to the Human Rights Campaign’s Corporate Equality Index questionnaire and included a video that shows a job interview. Based on the results, minority stress causes performance loss in the workplace. The findings highlight that LGBT+ individuals generally prefer not to be out at their workplaces because of internalized homophobia, perceived stigma, and prejudiced events concerning their sexual identity and gender expression. Furthermore, nondiscrimination is not legally enshrined in Turkey. LGBT+ individuals face covert discrimination in the workplace, which affects their performance as internal customers. Only a few Non-Governmental Organizations have reported on LGBT+ individuals’ working situation. This research paper comprehensively examines their work lives and attitudes towards companies. Keywords: LGBT+, internal customer, minority stress, gender, workplace

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5

Denissen, Amy M., and Abigail C. Saguy. "Gendered Homophobia and the Contradictions of Workplace Discrimination for Women in the Building Trades." Gender & Society 28, no. 3 (December 5, 2013): 381–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243213510781.

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6

Butterfield, Nicole. "The Limits of Legal Discourse." GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 26, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 303–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10642684-8141858.

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Based on fieldwork interviews conducted in 2015–16 with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer-identified individuals who are from or living in small towns and rural communities in Croatia, this article draws from the personal experiences of these individuals and the ways in which they describe negotiating sexual difference, discrimination, and homophobia in their communities. This analysis reflects on the importance of locating antidiscrimination legal mechanisms in local contexts to assess the degree to which such an approach can address institutional and systemic discrimination based on sexual difference. The article explores how small town and rural contexts can raise specific concerns about the efficacy of antidiscrimination legislation as it has been developed in the EU and Croatia, and calls into question the neoliberal, individualist, and reactive legislative approach to the protection of sexual human rights. Finally, the article analyzes a recent survey/research on discrimination in the workplace that was conducted as a collaborative effort between several LGBTI and human rights organizations in Croatia and how these strategies can (re)produce neoliberal discourses of market incentives and diversity management in the workplace rather than address the structural inequalities that produce and enable discrimination.

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7

Rostosky, Sharon S., and Ellen D. B. Riggle. ""Out" at work: The relation of actor and partner workplace policy and internalized homophobia to disclosure status." Journal of Counseling Psychology 49, no. 4 (2002): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.49.4.411.

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8

Lyonga, Frida. "How Context Matters: Change and Persistence of Homophobic Attitudes among Cameroonian Migrants in Switzerland." Sexes 3, no. 4 (October 18, 2022): 515–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sexes3040038.

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Debates on human rights in recent years have brought to the fore stark fault lines between African countries, where societal intolerance towards homosexuality is prevalent, and Western countries, which hold more tolerant views towards homosexuality. As contention rages around African identity and homosexuality, one interesting question calls for attention: how do the attitudes of Africans towards homosexuality evolve—or not—when they migrate from their home context to a more open society where homosexuality is widely accepted? This study draws on Herek’s ‘attitudes toward lesbians and gay men scale’ (ATLG) to investigate homophobia among Cameroonians at home compared to Cameroonian migrants in Switzerland and uses in-depth interviews to understand the reasons for any change in or persistence of attitudes. Survey data shows that Cameroonian migrants in Switzerland portray significantly less homophobia compared to Cameroonians living at home. Qualitative analysis identified four factors that contributed to change in attitudes among Cameroonian migrants: (i) experiencing racial prejudice and xenophobia prompted self-reflection about their own prejudices towards others; (ii) witnessing, first-hand, the huge infrastructure and development gap between their host and home country exposed anti-homosexuality politics back home as a needless distraction from actual development priorities; (iii) greater opportunities to meet and interact with gay people in the host country challenged long-held home-grown stereotypes about homosexuality; and (iv) non-discrimination standards and codes of conduct in the workplace in the host country encouraged conformity and shifts towards greater tolerance.

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9

Portell, David, and Cristina Pulido. "Communicative acts which promote new masculinities. Overcoming hegemonic masculinity in the workplace and the school." Masculinities & Social Change 1, no. 1 (February 21, 2012): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4471/mcs.2012.04.

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Scientific literature has emphasized how the reproduction of hegemonicmasculinity has led to several social problems, such as gender violence,criminality or bullying (Connell 1987, 2005, 2006; Kimmel 2000,Messerschimdt, 1993, Bourdieu 1998). There are several findings about theinfluence of this model in cases of sexual harassment suffered by women in theworkplace(Mackinnon, 1979; Thomas & Kitzinger1997; Wise & Stanley1987) as well as hegemonic masculinity and homophobia at the school (Mac anGhaill 2007). In this article we will present evidence on both issues but also onovercoming process derived from the research project entitled Impact ofcommunicative acts on the construction of new masculinities funded by theSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The research illustrates theinfluence of communicative acts on the promotion of new masculinities, farremoved from the hegemonic one, which are based on values like equality andsolidarity. We will present some data about how specific communicative actscan favour the recognition and visibility of new masculinities in the workplaceand the School, specifically in a Small and MediumsizedEnterprise, an AdultEducation centre and a Vocational School.

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10

Lee, Catherine. "Culture, consent and confidentiality in workplace autoethnography." Journal of Organizational Ethnography 7, no. 3 (October 8, 2018): 302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-06-2017-0032.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the author’s experiences as a school teacher and a lesbian. It considers the culture and discourses of power in the school and the ethical implications of telling the author’s story. Utilizing autoethnography as a method of inquiry, it draws on a critical incident to explore the incompatibility of the author’s private and professional identities, and reflect on the impact of homophobic and heteronormative discursive practices in the workplace, on health, well-being and identity. Design/methodology/approach This research is grounded in an interpretivist philosophy. It utilizes writing about the self as a method of inquiry. Findings This research examines the incompatibility of the author’s private and professional identities and offers insight into the steps that those in positions of power will take to protect and perpetuate the heteronormative discourse of rural life. Research limitations/implications This research presents the perspective of only one lesbian teacher in a rural context. Consequently, generalizations are inappropriate and recommendations are difficult. Whilst the absence of clear ethical regulation presents an infinite number of possibilities for autoethnographers, the silence that surrounds the prescription of the ethics of autoethnography leaves those of us at the beginnings of our research careers without clear guidance. Originality/value This research specifically addresses a dearth of research examining the experiences of the rural lesbian (or gay) teacher in the UK. Headteachers of rural schools must ensure that their schools are inclusive and welcoming environments for teachers, and their equalities policies are living documents that are not simply cast aside in the face of rural parent power. Young people in the countryside deserve access to the full pool of teaching talent and should have access to the diverse role models that their urban and suburban counterparts are beginning to enjoy.

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Cooper-Levitan, Mika Neil, and Pam Alldred. "Gender-Related Violence in Young People’s Lives: UK Practitioners’ Concerns and Planned Interventions." Social Sciences 11, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11110535.

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Youth workers are on the front line for supporting children and young people with the violence some of them face. However, education and training for this part of the role seemed lacking in our experience as a Youth and Community Worker and a Youth and Community Work Lecturer in the UK. An international project that sought to address this educational gap for ‘youth practitioners’ had a UK arm, which is the context for this article. This project created a three-day training course that sought to improve responses to gender-related violence (GRV) by increasing awareness, improving knowledge about providing support and making referrals, and also sought to prevent or reduce gender-related violence by challenging the inequalities on which it rests. The UK ‘youth practitioners’ who attended the training wrote almost 500 ‘action plans’—plans to act on the basis of the training, and analysis of these offers an indication of their concerns and priorities. Here, we present the concerns that UK-based teachers and youth workers had for the children and young people they worked with, and the forms of violence they were aware of when they began this training course. We then describe the interventions with young people or changes to their practice that these attendees said they would make in response to the training once they were back at work. This provides an agenda for action in youth, education and social services to address gender-related violence in the lives of children and young people in the UK. By the end of the training, the interventions they had committed to making included changes to their own practice, showing their reflexivity and their understanding that key tools for tackling gender-related violence included their own behaviour and reflexive practice in their service or team. They highlighted the need for culture change at an organisational level, and identified the problems of sexism and homophobia, even in their own workplaces. Their views about the value of the term gender-related violence (GRV) were mixed, with some practitioners finding it unnecessarily theoretical and others finding it a helpful link between areas of discrimination and of violence that they tended to tackle separately, such as between homophobia and violence against women and girls.

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12

Thomas, Ren, Holly Blackmore, and Jacqueline Gahagan. "Identifying barriers associated with LGBT seniors’ housing: opportunities moving forward in the Canadian context." Canadian Planning and Policy / Aménagement et politique au Canada 2023 (August 11, 2023): 84–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/cpp-apc.v2023i1.16058.

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This research aims to determine barriers to seniors’ housing options among the LGBT population in Canada. Using a qualitative analysis of open-ended questions from a survey of 982 LGBT seniors and housing providers across Canada, this paper discusses housing options for LGBT seniors and provides an overview of the implications for planning and operating LGBT-inclusive housing. Barriers identified by the LGBT community include: fear of discrimination, homophobia, transphobia and violence from staff and residents, housing affordability and availability, health challenges, feeling unsafe, intersectional barriers, and building maintenance. Barriers identified by housing service providers include: no current inclusion practices at their workplaces, lack of information for staff and seniors, health challenges for seniors and housing affordability. The findings discuss the potential for LGBT-specific seniors’ housing in Canada, and the role of housing service providers, health care providers, and planners in creating inclusive housing accommodations and services which meet the needs of all seniors. Approaches such as providing better information on housing choices to seniors, implementing anti-discrimination policies and LGBT competency training for housing providers and staff, providing affordable and accessible units, and LGBT community engagement in the development of housing are critical.

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13

Boydell, Victoria, Kate Gilmore, Jameen Kaur, Jessica Morris, Rebecca Wilkins, Frieda Lurken, Sarah Shaw, et al. "Hostilities faced by people on the frontlines of sexual and reproductive health and rights: a scoping review." BMJ Global Health 8, no. 11 (November 2023): e012652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012652.

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Frontline workers for sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) provide life-changing and life-saving services to millions of people every year. From accompanying the pregnant, delivering babies and caring for the newborn to supporting those subjected to sexual violence; from treating debilitating infections to expanding contraceptive choices; from enabling access to safe abortion services to countering homophobia: all over the world frontline SRHR carers and advocates make it possible for so many more to experience dignity in sex, sexuality and reproduction. Yet they are also subjected to hostility for what they do, for whom they provide care, for where they work and for the issues they address. From ostracistion and harassment in the workplace to verbal threats and physical violence, hostilities can extend even into their private lives. In other words, as SRHR workers seek to fulfil the human rights of others, their own human rights are put at risk. Yet, as grave as that is, it is a reality largely undocumented and thus also underestimated. This scoping review sets out to marshal what is known about how hostilities against frontline SRHR workers manifest, against whom, at whose hands and in which contexts. It is based on review of six sources: peer-reviewed and grey literature, news reports, sector surveys, and consultations with sector experts and, for contrast, literature issued by opposition groups. Each source contributes a partial picture only, yet taken together, they show that hostilities against frontline SRHR workers are committed the world over—in a range of countries, contexts and settings. Nevertheless, the narratives given in those sources more often treat hostilities as ‘one-off’, exceptional events and/or as an ‘inevitable’ part of daily work to be tolerated. That works in turn both to divorce such incidents from their wider historical, political and social contexts and to normalise the phenomena as if it is an expected part of a role and not a problem to be urgently addressed. Our findings confirm that the SRHR sector at large needs to step-up its response to such reprisals in ways more commensurate with their scale and gravity.

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14

HOLLANDS, JOSHUA. "Work and Sexuality in the Sunbelt: Homophobic Workplace Discrimination in the U.S. South and Southwest, 1970 to the Present." Enterprise & Society 22, no. 4 (December 2021): 939–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2021.50.

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15

Paradis, Kelly C., Eve A. Kerr, Kent A. Griffith, Christina M. Cutter, Eva L. Feldman, Kanakadurga Singer, Nancy D. Spector, Peter A. Ubel, and Reshma Jagsi. "Burnout Among Mid-Career Academic Medical Faculty." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 6 (June 10, 2024): e2415593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.15593.

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ImportanceStudies reveal that most physicians report symptoms of burnout. Less is known about burnout in mid-career medical faculty specifically.ObjectiveTo characterize burnout and its risk factors, particularly differences by gender, among mid-career medical faculty.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsBetween August 2021 and August 2022, a survey was sent to 1430 individuals who received new National Institutes of Health K08 and K23 career development awards from 2006 to 2009. Data were analyzed between June and October 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPersonal and work-related burnout as evaluated using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). The CBI score ranges from 0 to 100, with a score of 50 or higher indicating a high degree of burnout. Multivariable models were used to investigate associations between burnout and participant characteristics, including race and ethnicity, sexual orientation and gender identity, academic rank, work climate, experiences of workplace sexual harassment, sleep hours, work and domestic caregiving time, and time allocation changes in work and domestic work hours compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic. Work climate was evaluated by a general climate elements scale assessing elements such as friendliness, respect, and collegiality, and a diversity, equity, and inclusion climate elements scale assessing elements such as homogeneity, sexism, and homophobia; higher scores indicated a more favorable view of the climate.ResultsIn all, 1430 surveys were sent, 926 candidates responded (65% response rate), and the analytic cohort was limited to the 841 respondents who were still in academic medicine (50.7% men). Burnout was significantly more common for women than men (mean [SD] CBI personal scores, 46.6 [19.4] vs 37.5 [17.2]; P &lt; .001; mean [SD] CBI work-related scores, 43.7 [20.4] vs 34.6 [19.7]; P &lt; .001). In multivariable models, personal burnout was significantly more likely for women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.29 [95% CI, 1.54-3.41]; P &lt; .001) and with more weekly hours of patient care (AOR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.00-1.15] for each 5-hour increase; P = .04). Personal burnout was less likely with more nightly sleep hours (AOR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.56-0.81] for each 1-hour increase; P &lt; .001) and with an improved general work climate rating (AOR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.48-0.85] for each 1-point increase in general work climate scale score; P = .002). Work-related burnout was also significantly more likely for women than men (AOR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.17-2.69]; P = .007). Greater work-related burnout was associated with an increase of 8 or more work hours per week compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic (AOR, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.13-3.08]; P = .01), more weekly hours of patient care (AOR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.03-1.19] for each 5-hour increase; P = .007), and a workplace sexual harassment experience in the past 2 years (AOR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.11-2.62]; P = .01). Work-related burnout was significantly less likely with more nightly sleep hours (AOR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.66-0.96] for each 1-hour increase; P = .02) and with an improved general work climate rating (AOR, 0.49; [95% CI, 0.36-0.65] for each 1-point increase in general work climate scale score; P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis survey study of K grant awardees revealed substantial rates of burnout among mid-career medical faculty, and burnout rates differed by gender. Evidence-based interventions are needed to realize the benefits of workforce diversity and vitality.

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Hoffman, Leon G., Alan G. Hevesi, Paul E. Lynch, Peter J. Gomes, Nancy J. Chodorow, Ralph E. Roughton, Barney Frank, and Susan Vaughan. "Homophobia." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy 4, no. 1 (January 29, 2001): 5–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j236v04n01_02.

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17

Logan, Colleen R. "Homophobia?" Journal of Homosexuality 31, no. 3 (September 25, 1996): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j082v31n03_03.

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18

Kominars, Sheppard B. "Homophobia:." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 2, no. 1 (April 11, 1995): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j041v02n01_04.

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19

Peterson, Travis L. "Homophobia." Social Work 31, no. 5 (September 1, 1986): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/31.5.415-a.

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20

Wijaya, Hendri Yulius. "Digital homophobia." Indonesia and the Malay World 50, no. 146 (January 2, 2022): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2022.2010357.

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21

Loughlin, Gerard. "Catholic homophobia." Theology 121, no. 3 (April 16, 2018): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x17749147.

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Understanding homophobia as a discursively constituted antipathy, this article argues that the culture of the Catholic Church – as constituted through the Roman magisterium – can be understood as fundamentally homophobic, and in its teaching not just on homosexuality, but also on contraception and priestly celibacy. Moreover, in this regard, the article argues for a hermeneutic of continuity from the pontificate of John Paul II to that of Pope Francis – the latter’s ambivalence repeating the ‘scrambling’ of speech that is typical of homophobic discourse.

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22

Berns, Sandra, and Alan Berman. "Homophobia Perpetuated." Alternative Law Journal 30, no. 3 (June 2005): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0503000301.

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23

Kalman, Thomas P., Concetta M. Kalman, Maureen Connelly, and Samuel W. Perry. "Homophobia Reassessed." Psychiatric Services 38, no. 9 (September 1987): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.38.9.996.

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24

Snively, Carol A., Larry Kreuger, John J. Stretch, J. Wilson Watt, and Janice Chadha. "Understanding Homophobia." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 17, no. 1 (June 2004): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j041v17n01_05.

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25

Newton, Alex. "Tackling homophobia." Headteacher Update 2015, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/htup.2015.2.30.

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26

Card, Claudia. "Why Homophobia?" Hypatia 5, no. 3 (1990): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1990.tb00608.x.

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Suzanne Pharr's Homophobia: A Weapon of Sexism may be an effective tool for women committed to overcoming their own homophobia who want practical advice on recognizing and eradicating it, although as an essay in theory it does not advance the issues. The author seems unaware that Celia Kitzinger has argued recently that “homophobia” is not a helpful concept because it individualizes problems better seen as political and begs the question of the rationality of the fear. I argue that “homophobia” has been misused but that freed of the medical model and understood in connection with issues of pride and shame, it can be a helpful concept.

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Bryant, K. "Rethinking Homophobia." GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 18, no. 4 (January 1, 2012): 618–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10642684-1600770.

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28

Bednarek, Bartlomiej. "Ancient homophobia." Humanitas 69 (July 11, 2017): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_69_2.

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The following paper discusses the problem of the alleged prejudices of the Athenian masses against homosexuality in the second half of the fifth century BC. It has been suggested that the unsympathetic perception of pederasty might have been as a result of the generally unfriendly attitudes of the so-called common people towards behaviours associated with the social elite. In what follows, I argue that there is no reason to think that homosexual desires and behaviours were limited to the upper classes; prejudices against homosexuality can hardly be taken, therefore, as a result of populist sentiments. Moreover, it seems that few or no phenomena recorded in our sources relevant to classical Athens can really be associated with homophobia as such.

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Miller, C. F. B. "Surrealism's Homophobia." October 173 (September 2020): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00408.

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The primary document of Surrealist homophobia is a transcript, published in 1928 in the magazine La Révolution surréaliste, entitled “Research on Sexuality/ Extent of Objectivity, Individual Determinations, Degree of Consciousness.” The text records the first two of twelve closed, mostly men-only meetings, held in Paris between 1928 and 1932 by members and fellow travelers of the Surrealist group, at which the participants, according to the collective ethos of Surrealist practice, discussed their sexual preferences, experiences, and beliefs. In the published sessions, the group's leader, André Breton, who convened the meetings and edited the transcript, repeatedly denounced male homosexuality. The problematics of these repudiations are the topics of this article, the intention of which is to map the historical conditions of Breton's heteronormativity and to outline the latter's function in his theory of Surrealism. To this end, the essay displaces the psychoanalytic emphasis customary in Surrealism's reception in order to locate the movement in the historical discourse of sexuality. In the French culture wars of the 1920s, Surrealism mobilized a sexual negativity against the mainstream. Yet in certain key respects, Breton's thought preserved a heterosexist logic of conjugality. Ultimately, a historical reading of Surrealism's homophobia indicates the family ties between dialectical idealism and heteronormativity.

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30

Adam, Barry D. "Theorizing Homophobia." Sexualities 1, no. 4 (November 1998): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136346098001004001.

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31

Josefowitz Siegel, Rachel. "Beyond Homophobia." Women & Therapy 6, no. 1-2 (September 23, 1987): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j015v06n01_09.

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32

Rössl, Ines. "Fleeing Homophobia." Zeitschrift für kritik - recht - gesellschaft, no. 2 (2014): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33196/juridikum201402014101.

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33

Mere, Stella Maris Saraswati. "THE REPRESENTATIONS OF HOMOPHOBIA IN GAY-THEMED AMERICAN MOVIES 1990s–2010s." Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies 4, no. 2 (July 19, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v4i2.47876.

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The United States is well-known for its acceptance of homosexuality. Nevertheless, homophobia remains a threat that endangers gay communities in the United States. Homophobia is an intriguing phenomenon for American filmmakers. Through gay-themed movies, those filmmakers intend to raise the awareness that homophobia is elusive to eradicate. This study scrutinizes the representations of homophobia in the United States as seen in gay-themed American movies. The study carries out Postnationalist America Studies as the paradigm of the study which encompasses the discussions of numerous phenomena in the United States. Also, the study applies theory of representation by Stuart Hall probing the representations of homophobia in gay-themed American movies of 1990s-2010s. The study uses nine gay-themed American movies of 1990s-2010s as the primary data of the research. The findings of the study show three representations of homophobia in the United States, which encompass religions, gender roles, heteronormativity, masculinity, and HIV/AIDS as the highlighted factors that incite homophobia. By highlighting those major factors of homophobia, the filmmakers come up with two major intentions. The first intention is the movies as means to criticize the society who conforms to strict religious beliefs, traditional gender roles, masculinity, and heteronormativity. The conformity has led the society to commit homophobia, hence making homophobia elusive to eradicate. The second intention is the movies are aimed at encouraging gay communities to keep fighting for their issues and equality. Keywords: Homosexuality, Homophobia, the United States, Gay-themed American Movies

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Nascimento, Márcio Alessandro Neman do. "Homophobia and internalized homophobia: subjective productions of heteronormative control?" Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social, no. 17 (March 5, 2010): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/athenea.652.

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Nascimento, Márcio Alessandro Neman do. "Homophobia and internalized homophobia: subjective productions of heteronormative control?" Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social, no. 17 (March 5, 2010): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/athenead/v0n17.652.

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Kwak, Kim, and Kim. "Severity and Influencing Factors of Homophobia in Korean Nursing Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 25, 2019): 4692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234692.

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Sexual minorities are people with non-cis and non-heterosexual gender identities, including LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) identities. Korean society is prejudiced against sexual minorities—in our study, we will broadly label this prejudice homophobia. It is possible that sexual minorities do not receive appropriate health management owing to such prejudices. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce homophobia in nursing students. This study aims to measure the degree of homophobia in Korean nursing students and identify the factors that affect homophobia. Our study is a cross-sectional study, which surveys attitudes of 265 nursing students toward homophobia in five Korean cities in January to March, 2019. The average homophobia score was 74.5 out of a possible 120; 92.9% of the participants were classified as homophobic, and 42.3% as highly homophobic. We found that participants who were male, religious, had low self-esteem, and had no family members or acquaintances who might belong to a sexual minority group, were more likely to be homophobic. Nursing students in Korea still exhibit high levels of homophobia. As high levels of homophobia can negatively affect health management and nursing, especially in the case of sexual minorities, we suggest that educational programs should be set up to reduce homophobia in nursing students.

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Maake, Tshepo. "A Quantitative Inquiry into South African Undergraduate University Students’ Perceptions of Religiously Sanctioned Homophobia." Open Journal for Sociological Studies 6, no. 2 (October 18, 2022): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojss.0602.02067m.

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The paper investigates the factors that inform university undergraduate students’ perceptions of religiously sanctioned homophobia. Data was drawn from a quantitative survey conducted in 2017 on students’ perceptions of social norms, heteronormativity, and homophobia at a South African urban-based university. A total of 330 undergraduate students completed the survey. The study found statistically significant correlations between the factors of sex, degree of religiosity and family socialization and the undergraduate students’ perceptions of religiously sanctioned homophobia. Male students demonstrated more support for religiously sanctioned homophobia than did female students. Students with a higher degree of religiosity were more likely to support statements that enforced homophobia than did students with a lower degree of religiosity. Students who had been socialized in homophobic families were more likely to support religiously sanctioned homophobia than were students who had grown up in more tolerant families. The study did not find statistically significant correlations between the factors of frequency of exposure to religious services and place of origin and the undergraduate students’ perceptions of religiously sanctioned homophobia. The paper makes a substantive contribution to the limited South African studies that focus on the broader student population’s perceptions of religiously sanctioned homophobia.

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Malo-Juvera, Victor. "The Effect of an LGBTQ Themed Literary Instructional Unit on Adolescents’ Homophobia." Study and Scrutiny: Research on Young Adult Literature 2, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5275.2016.2.1.1-34.

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Numerous scholarly works extol the use of LGBTQ themed literature as part of English language arts instruction with the implication that its use may improve the school climate for LGBTQ students; however, there is a dearth of research that empirically examines whether or not this type of instruction measurably impacts adolescents’ homophobia. To address this paucity, this study examined the ability of a dialogically organized, reader response–based instructional unit of the young adult novel Geography Club to reduce adolescents’ homophobia. A quasi-experimental design was used with eighth grade students in seven English language arts classes. Homophobia was measured using a researcher-created scale. Analysis of pretests revealed that girls had lower levels of homophobia than boys and that Black students had higher levels of homophobia than Hispanic students. Posttest results indicated that the intervention was successful in lowering homophobia. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three factor solution: Interpersonal Homophobia, Attitudes toward Homophobia, and Sexuality as a Choice. Post-hoc tests revealed differing effect sizes for the aforementioned factors as well as showing that there was no backlash to treatment in participants with high pretest homophobia. This paper argues that schools and teacher education programs should make a serious effort to incorporate LGBTQ themed texts into curricula as part of a concerted effort to reduce the culture of homophobic violence that has become institutionalized in many schools.

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Desmond, Billy. "Homophobia endures in our time of changing attitudes: a ‘field’ perspective." British Gestalt Journal 25, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53667/eeig5003.

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"Abstract: This paper addresses the experience of homophobia from a field theoretical perspective, one of the epistemological foundations of Gestalt therapy. It seeks to redefine homophobia as a field event, thus challenging the prevailing conceptualisation of internalised homophobia. The Gestalt field perspective that is most applicable in understanding the phenomenon of homophobia in our intricate person-to-person encounters is clarified. This field is a shared, complex, differentiated, phenomenal field. Some aspects of the shared phenomenal field that tend to be present, lurking for attention, are revealed. These include: the pervasiveness of homophobia; the reductionism of sexuality to sex; practitioners’ responsibility to enquire into their own sexualities; strategies to make shame tolerable; and therapist self-disclosure. Key words: homophobia, sexuality, lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB) persons, shared phenomenal field, self."

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Ren, Zhengjia, Ralph Hood, Chunsong Yang, Xiqi Lu, Qiuyu Su, and Li Tsingan. "THE EFFECTS OF SELF-CONSTRUAL AND THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT ON INTERNALIZED HOMOPHOBIA AMONG CHINESE GAY MEN." Journal of Men's Health 15, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): e25-e34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/jomh.v15i3.147.

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Background and ObjectiveInternalized homophobia is common among gay men. Gay men who live in high-tolerance social environments tend to have less internalized homophobia than gay men who live in low-tolerance environments. The interaction between the living environment and self-construal influences gay men’s internalized homophobia. Material and MethodsThis study examined the association between self-construal and homophobia according to the living environment using a sample of gay men (N=521) aged 14–43 years. The data were collected between January and August 2017 using an online questionnaire that included an internalized homophobia scale, self-construal items, and demographic characteristics. The two-way ANOVA analyses revealed that the self-construal type was differentially associated with internalized homophobia depending on the living environment of the study participants. ResultsLiving in a high-tolerance area while having an independent self-construal was associated with lower internalized homophobia scores than living in a low-tolerance area. In contrast, alternating between independent and dependent self-construals was associated with higher internalized homophobia scores. ConclusionMental health services for participants with conflicted self-construals are emerging. Self-acceptance and compassion-focused practices should be explored as a way to help gay men adjust their conflicted self-construals.

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Vural-Batık, Meryem. "The Effectiveness of the Dealing with Homophobia Psycho-Education Program on Psychological Counselor Candidates." Higher Education Studies 10, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p1.

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The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of the Dealing with Homophobia Psycho-Education Program on homophobia levels of psychological counselor candidates. This research was conducted with a mixed model and utilized quantitative and qualitative methods. 2 (experimental and control groups) x 3 (pre-test, post-test, follow-up) research design which is a type of quasi-experimental design was used and content analysis was applied to the data obtained via interviews. The study was conducted with a total of 24 psychological counselor candidates, 12 in the experimental group and, 12 in the control group. The Homophobia Scale was used to determine the homophobia levels of psychological counselor candidates. The Dealing with Homophobia Psycho-Education Program was developed by the researcher. In order to determine the effectiveness of the program, The Two-Way Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measures was used. As a result of the research, it was determined that the Dealing with Homophobia Psycho-Education Program is effective in decreasing the levels of homophobia of the psychological counselor candidates. Also, according to the participant's views, it was determined that the psycho-education program was effective in decreasing homophobia and caused changes in attitudes. The importance and necessity of using the program on psychological counselor education are discussed.

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Wen, Guangju, and Lijun Zheng. "The Influence of Internalized Homophobia on Health-Related Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction Among Gay and Bisexual Men in China." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 4 (July 2019): 155798831986477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988319864775.

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The aim of this study was to examine the influences of internalized homophobia on Chinese gay and bisexual men’s quality of life and life satisfaction. Four hundred and eighty-three participants completed the Internalized Homophobia Scale, Chinese SF-12 Health Survey Version 2, and Satisfaction With Life Scale via the Internet. Scores for quality of life in several domains and life satisfaction were significantly lower than the heterosexuals’ norm scores. The present study revealed that internalized homophobia significantly negatively correlated with the mental component summary score and life satisfaction. The mental component summary score mediated the relationship between internalized homophobia and life satisfaction. Sexual orientation moderated the relationship between internalized homophobia and mental component score. Gay and bisexual men in China experience poorer quality of life and less satisfaction with life compared to heterosexuals, and internalized homophobia contributes to both.

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Black, Beverly, Thomas Oles, and Linda Moore. "Homophobia Among Students in Social Work Programs." Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 2, no. 1 (October 1, 1996): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.2.1.23.

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This article presents the results of a study examining students' levels of homophobia and changes in these levels at various points in the social work curriculum. The study found that social work courses exert a weak but positive influence on students' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. The level of homophobia expressed by students significantly varied by gender and race. Major course of study in school did not significantly influence levels of homophobia. Students in all classes reported the highest levels of homophobia on statements related to sexuality and the lowest levels of homophobia on statements related to civil rights. Implications for social work education are also discussed.

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Forstein, Marshall. "Homophobia: An Overview." Psychiatric Annals 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19880101-10.

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Bernstein, Mary. "Paths to homophobia." Sexuality Research and Social Policy 1, no. 2 (April 2004): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/srsp.2004.1.2.41.

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White, Tony. "Homophobia: A Misnomer." Transactional Analysis Journal 29, no. 1 (January 1999): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036215379902900113.

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Dickey, Geraldine. "Survey of Homophobia." Research on Aging 35, no. 5 (May 24, 2012): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027512447823.

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Moss, Donald. "On Situating Homophobia." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 45, no. 1 (February 1997): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00030651970450010901.

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Hubbs, Nadine. "Bernstein, Homophobia, Historiography." Women and Music: A Journal of Gender and Culture 13, no. 1 (2009): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wam.0.0028.

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Walters, Andrew S., and David M. Hayes. "Homophobia Within Schools." Journal of Homosexuality 35, no. 2 (February 13, 1998): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j082v35n02_01.

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