Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Homoplasie / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Homoplasie.

Journal articles on the topic 'Homoplasie'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Homoplasie.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Wilkinson, Mark, and Michael J. Benton. "Cladistics and the rate of homoplastic morphological evolution." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008741.

Full text

Abstract:

Estimates of evolutionary rates require measurement of amounts of change and the period of time over which such change has occurred. Many methods of estimating amount of morphological change are available (including phenetic and morphometric measures) but in cladistics the unit of change is the step or transformation.For a given cladistic data set the length (total number of steps) of the most parsimonious cladogram gives a lower bound estimate of the amount of evolution that has occurred within the clade. This measure is correlated with numbers of characters and taxa (and other internal parameters) in the data sets and so cannot be used to compare amounts of evolution in different clades where data set sizes vary. Further, the number of characters incorporated into cladistic studies varies widely and is likely to be a poor basis for an estimate of overall amounts of change.One approach to the measurement of amounts of change which avoids some of these problems is to focus upon comparative levels of homoplasy rather than total amounts of morphological evolution. Most parsimonious cladograms provide lower bound estimates of the amount of homoplasy measured as extra steps.Maximally homoplastic data provides the theoretical upper limit to the amount of homoplasy that can be estimated for a particular data set. Combining this with estimates of group duration derived from the fossil record or from molecular clocks provides an estimate of maximum rates of homoplastic evolution that can be measured using cladistic parsimony and discrete data.Randomly permuted data provides a measure of the amount of homoplastic evolution that would be reconstructed by parsimony analysis for character data that is independent of phylogeny. Combining this with estimates of group duration provides estimates of rate of homoplastic evolution that would be sufficient to render the application of parsimony to the problems of phylogeny reconstruction inappropriate.Comparative estimates of the rates of homoplastic evolution in different clades can be used to test macroevolutionary theories.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

ASSIS, LEANDRO C. S., MARCELO R. DE CARVALHO, and QUENTIN D. WHEELER. "Homoplasy: from detecting pattern to determining process in evolution, but with a secondary role for morphology?" Zootaxa 2984, no. 1 (August 3, 2011): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2984.1.3.

Full text

Abstract:

David Wake and colleagues provided a thought-provoking review of the concept of homoplasy through the integration, within a phylogenetic framework, of genetic and developmental data (Wake et al. 2011). According to them (p. 1032) “Molecular sequence data have greatly increased our ability to identify homoplastic traits.” This is made clear, for example, in their flow chart for homoplasy detection (Figure 2, p. 1034), wherein homoplasy is discovered through the mapping of “traits of interest” onto a phylogram, a practice common in the molecular phylogenetic paradigm. The “mapping” is usually of morphological characters that are employed to support the chosen (molecular) topology, but which, as a consequence, do not themselves contribute to the formation of those topologies (Assis & Carvalho 2010).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Sanderson, Michael J. "In Search of Homoplastic Tendencies: Statistical Inference of Topological Patterns in Homoplasy." Evolution 45, no. 2 (March 1991): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2409669.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Sanderson, Michael J. "IN SEARCH OF HOMOPLASTIC TENDENCIES: STATISTICAL INFERENCE OF TOPOLOGICAL PATTERNS IN HOMOPLASY." Evolution 45, no. 2 (March 1991): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04409.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Tay, W. T., G. T. Behere, D. G. Heckel, S. F. Lee, and P. Batterham. "Exon-primed intron-crossing (EPIC) PCR markers ofHelicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, no. 5 (June 16, 2008): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530800583x.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractApplying microsatellite DNA markers in population genetic studies of the pest mothHelicoverpa armigerais subject to numerous technical problems, such as the high frequency of null alleles, occurrence of size homoplasy, presence of multiple copies of flanking sequence in the genome and the lack of PCR amplification robustness between populations. To overcome these difficulties, we developed exon-primed intron-crossing (EPIC) nuclear DNA markers forH. armigerabased on ribosomal protein (Rp) and the Dopa Decarboxylase (DDC) genes and sequenced alleles showing length polymorphisms. Allele length polymorphisms were usually from random indels (insertions or deletions) within introns, although variation of short dinucleotide DNA repeat units was also detected. Mapping crosses demonstrated Mendelian inheritance patterns for these EPIC markers and the absence of both null alleles and allele ‘dropouts’. Three examples of allele size homoplasies due to indels were detected in EPIC markers RpL3, RpS6 and DDC, while sequencing of multiple individuals across 11 randomly selected alleles did not detect indel size homoplasies. The robustness of the EPIC-PCR markers was demonstrated by PCR amplification in the related species,H. zea,H. assultaandH. punctigera.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Yamato, K. T. "Heteroplasmy and homoplasmy for maize mitochondrial mutants: a rare homoplasmic nad4 deletion mutant plant." Journal of Heredity 90, no. 3 (May 1, 1999): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/90.3.369.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Sookias, Roland B. "Exploring the effects of character construction and choice, outgroups and analytical method on phylogenetic inference from discrete characters in extant crocodilians." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189, no. 2 (May 21, 2019): 670–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Phylogenies for fossil taxa must be inferred from morphology, but accuracy of inference is questionable. Here, morphological characters for extant crocodilians are investigated to assess how to improve inference accuracy. The homoplasy of characters is assessed against a DNA-based phylogenetic tree. Cranial characters are significantly less homoplastic, but this result is perhaps confounded by research effort. Meristic characters are significantly more homoplastic and should be used with caution. Characters were reassessed first hand and documented. Those characters passing tests of robust construction are significantly less homoplastic. Suggestions are made for means to improve coding of discrete characters. Phylogenies inferred using only robust characters and a reassessed matrix, including corrected scorings, were not overall closer to the DNA tree, but did often place the gharial (Gavialis) in a position agreeing with or closer to it. The effects of the choice of analytical method were modest, but Bayesian analysis of the reassessed matrix placed Gavialis and Mecistops (slender-snouted crocodile) in DNA-concordant positions. Use of extant rather than extinct outgroups, even with the original matrix, placed Gavialis in a more DNA-concordant position, as did factoring out 3D skull shape. The morphological case for placement of Gavialis outside other extant crocodilians is arguably overstated, with many characters linked to skull shape.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Garraffoni, André Rinaldo Senna. "Towards a phylogeny of Euthelepus (Polychaeta: Terebellidae): the absence of synapomorphies in the subfamily Thelepodinae and genera." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 3 (May 16, 2007): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407054367.

Full text

Abstract:

The phylogenetic relationships of Euthelepus (Polychaeta: Terebellidae: Thelepodinae) were studied by means of a parsimony analysis of 40 external characters. The ingroup terminals included four species of Euthelepus, and the outgroup included 14 species of eight Thelepodinae genera, three belonging to the subfamily Terebellinae, one species of Trichobranchinae, and one species of Polycirrinae. Only two most parsimonious cladograms were found. However, the analysis revealed a large number of homoplastic characters supporting the thelepodin branches. The monophyly of the genus Euthelepus was not supported, and the monophyly of the other thelepodin genera, as well as the entire subfamily, is questioned. The large number of homoplasies indicated by the analysis emphasizes the need to further evaluate these hypotheses by using additional characters. A re-classification based on phylogenetic results must be considered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Chen, Zhe, Yun Qi, Stephanie French, Guofeng Zhang, Raúl Covian Garcia, Robert Balaban, and Hong Xu. "Genetic mosaic analysis of a deleterious mitochondrial DNA mutation in Drosophila reveals novel aspects of mitochondrial regulation and function." Molecular Biology of the Cell 26, no. 4 (February 15, 2015): 674–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1513.

Full text

Abstract:

Various human diseases are associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, but heteroplasmy—the coexistence of mutant and wild-type mtDNA—complicates their study. We previously isolated a temperature-lethal mtDNA mutation in Drosophila, mt:CoIT300I, which affects the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CoI) locus. In the present study, we found that the decrease in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity was ascribable to a temperature-dependent destabilization of cytochrome a heme. Consistently, the viability of homoplasmic flies at 29°C was fully restored by expressing an alternative oxidase, which specifically bypasses the cytochrome chains. Heteroplasmic flies are fully viable and were used to explore the age-related and tissue-specific phenotypes of mt:CoIT300I. The proportion of mt:CoIT300I genome remained constant in somatic tissues along the aging process, suggesting a lack of quality control mechanism to remove defective mitochondria containing a deleterious mtDNA mutation. Using a genetic scheme that expresses a mitochondrially targeted restriction enzyme to induce tissue-specific homoplasmy in heteroplasmic flies, we found that mt:CoIT300I homoplasmy in the eye caused severe neurodegeneration at 29°C. Degeneration was suppressed by improving mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, suggesting that Ca2+ mishandling contributed to mt:CoIT300I pathogenesis. Our results demonstrate a novel approach for Drosophila mtDNA genetics and its application in modeling mtDNA diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Takeda, K., K. Kaneyama, M. Tasai, S. Akagi, M. Yonai, N. Miyashita, A. Onishi, T. Tagami, K. Nirasawa, and H. Hanada. "90 GERM-LINE TRANSMISSION OF DONOR MITOCHONDRIAL DNA IN NUCLEAR TRANSFER-DERIVED COWS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab90.

Full text

Abstract:

In embryos derived by nuclear transfer (NT), fusion, or injection of donor cells with recipient oocytes caused mitochondrial heteroplasmy. Previous studies have reported varying patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transmission in cloned calves. Distribution of donor mtDNA found in offspring of NT-derived founders may also vary from donor–host embryo heteroplasmy to host embryo homoplasmy. Here we examined the transmission of mtDNA from NT cows to their progeny. NT cows were originally produced by fusion of enucleated oocytes with Jersey (J) or Holstein (H1) oviduct epithelial cells, or Holstein (H2) or Japanese Black (B) cumulus cells, as previously reported (Goto et al. 1999 Anim. Sci. J. 70, 243–245; Yonai et al. 2005 J. Dairy Sci. 88, 4097–4110; Akagi et al. 2003 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 66, 264–272). Transmission of donor cell mtDNA was analyzed by PCR-mediated single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis of the mitochondrial D-loop region. Eleven NT founder cows were analyzed, 4 (2 = J-NT, and 2 = H1-NT) of them were heteroplasmic whereas 7 (1 = J-NT, 1 = H1-NT, 2 = H2-NT, and 3 = B-NT) were homoplasmic for the host embryo mitochondria. The proportions of donor mtDNA detected in one J-NT cow was 7.7%, and those of other cow lineages were <2%. Heteroplasmic NT cows delivered a total of 9 progeny. Four of the 9 progeny exhibited heteroplasmy with high percentages of donor cell mtDNA populations (52%, 37%, 17%, and 43%). The other 5 progeny were obtained from heteroplasmic NT cows, and all samples of the 10 progeny obtained from the homoplasmic NT cows did not harbor detectable donor cell mtDNA. A genetic bottleneck in the female germ-line will generally favor the transmission of a single mitochondrial population, leading to a return to homoplasmy. Thus, some of progeny maintained heteroplasmy with a higher ratio than that of their NT mothers, which may also reflect a segregation distortion caused by the proposed mitochondrial bottleneck. These results demonstrated that donor mtDNA in NT cows could be transmitted to progeny with varying efficiencies, in a lineage-specific fashion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Meirelles, Flávio V., and Lawrence C. Smith. "Mitochondrial Genotype Segregation in a Mouse Heteroplasmic Lineage Produced by Embryonic Karyoplast Transplantation." Genetics 145, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.2.445.

Full text

Abstract:

Mitochondrial genotypes have been shown to segregate both rapidly and slowly when transmitted to consecutive generations in mammals. Our objective was to develop an animal model to analyze the patterns of mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) segregation and transmission in an intraspecific heteroplasmic maternal lineage to investigate the mechanisms controlling these phenomena. Heteroplasmic progeny were obtained from reconstructed blastocysts derived by transplantation of pronuclear-stage karyoplasts to enucleated zygotes with different mtDNA. Although the reconstructed zygotes contained on average 19% mtDNA of karyoplast origin, most progeny contained fewer mtDNA of karyoplast origin and produced exclusively homoplasmic first generation progeny. However, one founder heteroplasmic adult female had elevated tissue heteroplasmy levels, varying from 6% (lung) to 69% (heart), indicating that stringent replicative segregation had occurred during mitotic divisions. First generation progeny from the above female were all heteroplasmic, indicating that, despite a meiotic segregation, they were derived from heteroplasmic founder oocytes. Some second and third generation progeny contained exclusively New Zealand Black/BINJ mtDNA, suggesting, but not confirming, an origin from an homoplasmic oocyte. Moreover, several third to fifth generation individuals maintained mtDNA from both mouse strains, indicating a slow or persistent segregation pattern characterized by diminished tissue and litter variability beyond second generation progeny. Therefore, although some initial lineages appear to segregate rapidly to homoplasmy, within two generations other lineages transmit stable amounts of both mtDNA molecules, supporting a mechanism where mitochondria of different origin may fuse, leading to persistent intraorganellar heteroplasmy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Blake, Daniel B., and James Sprinkle. "Arceoaster hintei n. gen. n. sp., a late Silurian homeomorphic asteroid (Echinodermata, Hudsonasteridae)." Journal of Paleontology 95, no. 1 (August 3, 2020): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.57.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe late Silurian Arceoaster hintei new genus new species (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) is based on a single complete specimen from the lower Hunton Group of southern Oklahoma. Overall ossicular arrangement enables assignment of the new genus to the Paleozoic stem-family Hudsonasteridae; however, Arceoaster n. gen. is homeomorphic with members of the post-Paleozoic crown-group Goniasteridae. Because Arceoaster n. gen. is a hudsonasterid, and because similar morphologic expressions are not known among described taxa from later in the Paleozoic or the early Mesozoic, similarities between Arceoaster n. gen. and later genera are homoplastic, thereby providing an example of iterative evolution within Asteroidea. The Arceoaster n. gen. specimen is associated with a rich and diverse invertebrate fauna typical of its time interval and environmental setting; nothing suggests an unusual habitat. Selective pressures leading to homoplasy are conjectural, although robust construction among extant asteroids has been associated with a defensive life strategy.UUID: http://zoobank.org/b1d8461d-7e54-43cc-8719-97304ca3fd7a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

de Vries, Andrica, Christian M. Zwaan, H. Berna Beverloo, Anja Wagner, Arjan Lankester, Peter te Boekhorst, Rene de Coo, et al. "Germline Mitochondrial DNA Mutations As a Novel First Event in Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndrome." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1711.1711.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Abstract 1711 Introduction: Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been found in 50–60% of adult MDS patients, with an increasing frequency with rising age and ahigher incidence in more advanced MDS. In general, cells contain different amounts of mitochondria which can simultaneously harbour wildtype and mutated mtDNA. Co-existence of normal and mutant mtDNA is referred to as heteroplasmy, whereas the existence of only mutated mtDNA is called homoplasmy. As yet no information is available on the role of mtDNA mutations in pediatric MDS. We recently identified a family with (germline) mtDNA mutations and childhood MDS. We hypothesized that mtDNA mutations, catalyzed by ATP deficiency, reflect the genetic instability of the stem cells that facilitates that the development of MDS clone initiation and subsequent clonal evolution to acute myeloid leukemia triggered by type I and II events. Methods: Based on our findings in the above mentioned cases we analyzed the role of mtDNA mutations in the index family, in combination with studying oxidative phosphorylation, as well as in an extended cohort of 19 childhood MDS patients, including sporadic primary, therapy-related and familial MDS, using Mito-Chip (Affymetrix) and direct sequencing validation approach. To investigate whether the mutations were germline or somatic, in a subset of patients, germline mtDNA mutation analysis was performed. Results: In 14/19 of the pediatric MDS patients non-recurrent mtDNA mutations were found. Mt-mutational status was not correlated with the different WHO subgroups of childhood MDS. Heteroplasmic mutations were only found as somatic events, whereas. germline mutated cases were solely homoplasmic. Conclusion: We describe the first family in which germline mtDNA mutations trigger the devlopment of MDS, and show for the first time, that also in sporadic MDS cases, germline homoplasmic mutations may genetically predispose for developping childhood proliferative myeloid disease. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Weitzman, Jonathan B. "Mitochondrial DNA homoplasmy." Genome Biology 3 (2002): spotlight—20020416–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-spotlight-20020416-01.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Timofeev, A. "Homoplastic ovarian transplant." Kazan medical journal 20, no. 7 (August 11, 2021): 777–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj76879.

Full text

Abstract:

Homoplastic ovarian transplantation is recommended by Sippel (Zntrlb. F. Gyn., 1924, No. 1-2) in the treatment of infertility, which is based on disorders and irregularities in egg maturation processes with a tendency to premature rupture of follicles, followed by atresia or small cyst-like degeneration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Ling, Feng, and Takehiko Shibata. "Mhr1p-dependent Concatemeric Mitochondrial DNA Formation for Generating Yeast Mitochondrial Homoplasmic Cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 1 (January 2004): 310–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-07-0508.

Full text

Abstract:

Mitochondria carry many copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), but mt-alleles quickly segregate during mitotic growth through unknown mechanisms. Consequently, all mtDNA copies are often genetically homogeneous within each individual (“homoplasmic”). Our previous study suggested that tandem multimers (“concatemers”) formed mainly by the Mhr1p (a yeast nuclear gene-encoded mtDNA-recombination protein)-dependent pathway are required for mtDNA partitioning into buds with concomitant monomerization. The transmission of a few randomly selected clones (as concatemers) of mtDNA into buds is a possible mechanism to establish homoplasmy. The current study provides evidence for this hypothesis as follows: the overexpression of MHR1 accelerates mt-allele-segregation in growing heteroplasmic zygotes, and mhr1-1 (recombination-deficient) causes its delay. The mt-allele-segregation rate correlates with the abundance of concatemers, which depends on Mhr1p. In G1-arrested cells, concatemeric mtDNA was labeled by [14C]thymidine at a much higher density than monomers, indicating concatemers as the immediate products of mtDNA replication, most likely in a rolling circle mode. After releasing the G1 arrest in the absence of [14C]thymidine, the monomers as the major species in growing buds of dividing cells bear a similar density of 14C as the concatemers in the mother cells, indicating that the concatemers in mother cells are the precursors of the monomers in buds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Chiquetto-Machado, Pedro I., and Eliana M. Cancello. "Cladistic analysis of Paraphasma (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae) highlights the importance of the phallic organ for phasmid systematics." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 158–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The internal male genitalia have been poorly investigated in Phasmatodea, remaining virtually unexplored in phylogenetic studies. Here we describe and illustrate the main phallic elements in several Neotropical stick insects, with emphasis on Paraphasma (Pseudophasmatidae), and present a phylogenetic analysis of this genus. The analysis included ten terminals in the ingroup and 18 in the outgroup, and was based on 32 characters of the phallic organ and 48 of external morphology. In order to compare these datasets in terms of phylogenetic signal and level of homoplasy, the consistency and retention indices of the cladogram were calculated separately for each of them, and partial analyses were also conducted using each dataset alone. The phylogenetic reconstruction revealed Paraphasma as polyphyletic and led us to propose a new, monotypic genus, Ecuadoriphasma gen. nov., three new combinations (Ecuadoriphasma cognatum, Paraphasma trianguliferum and Tithonophasma cancellatum) and place Oestrophora as a synonym of Paraphasma. Additionally, Olcyphides hopii and Paraphasma dentatum are synonymized with Paraphasma laterale. Both external and phallic characters were determinant for the topology obtained, and the latter were less homoplastic in the phylogenetic tree. Our results highlight the usefulness of phallic morphology for inferring phylogenetic relationships in Phasmatodea, especially among closely related genera and species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Farris, James S. "EXCESS HOMOPLASY RATIOS." Cladistics 7, no. 1 (March 1991): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00023.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Harris, Simon R., Mark Wilkinson, and Antonio C. Marques. "Countering concerted homoplasy." Cladistics 19, no. 2 (April 2003): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2003.tb00300.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Clark, Curtis. "Homoplastic--An Appropriate Choice." Systematic Zoology 35, no. 1 (March 1986): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2413299.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Clark, C. "Homoplastic -- An Appropriate Choice." Systematic Biology 35, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/35.1.142.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Elkins, Brad S., J. Charles Casebeer, and Guy M. Kezirian. "Sutureless Homoplastic Lamellar Keratoplasty." Journal of Refractive Surgery 13, no. 2 (March 1997): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1081-597x-19970301-17.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Sanders Allen, Eva, and Kevin E. Omland. "Novel Intron Phylogeny Supports Plumage Convergence in Orioles (Icterus)." Auk 120, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.4.961.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A recent study of New World orioles (Icterus spp.), which traced a large number of plumage characters onto a mitochondrial DNA phylogeny, reported high frequencies of evolutionary convergence and reversal of plumage characters (Omland and Lanyon 2000). Although those results are consistent with other smaller scale studies that have documented plumage homoplasy, the mitochondrial genome is inherited as a single linkage group, so mitochondrial data represent only one gene tree. The mitochondrial (mt) DNA tree may not reflect the true evolutionary history of a lineage; therefore, it remains possible that the plumage characters could reflect the true species phylogeny. Other rapidly evolving regions of DNA can provide independent phylogenetic hypotheses useful for evaluating mitochondrial gene trees. A novel phylogenetic marker, a region of the nuclear gene ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) spanning from exon 6 to exon 8, was sequenced in 10 oriole species. The resultant nuclear gene tree reconstructs the same three major oriole clades as the mtDNA tree (Omland et al. 1999), supporting the conclusion that plumage evolution in the New World orioles has been highly homoplastic. Although most phylogenetic studies that have employed introns report greatest resolution at the genus or family level, ODC appears to offer some degree of phylogenetic resolution for infrageneric analyses. However, that intron has clearly not sorted to monophyly within or between closely related species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Hoyal Cuthill, Jennifer F. "The morphological state space revisited: what do phylogenetic patterns in homoplasy tell us about the number of possible character states?" Interface Focus 5, no. 6 (December 6, 2015): 20150049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2015.0049.

Full text

Abstract:

Biological variety and major evolutionary transitions suggest that the space of possible morphologies may have varied among lineages and through time. However, most models of phylogenetic character evolution assume that the potential state space is finite. Here, I explore what the morphological state space might be like, by analysing trends in homoplasy (repeated derivation of the same character state). Analyses of ten published character matrices are compared against computer simulations with different state space models: infinite states, finite states, ordered states and an ‘inertial' model, simulating phylogenetic constraints. Of these, only the infinite states model results in evolution without homoplasy, a prediction which is not generally met by real phylogenies. Many authors have interpreted the ubiquity of homoplasy as evidence that the number of evolutionary alternatives is finite. However, homoplasy is also predicted by phylogenetic constraints on the morphological distance that can be traversed between ancestor and descendent. Phylogenetic rarefaction (sub-sampling) shows that finite and inertial state spaces do produce contrasting trends in the distribution of homoplasy. Two clades show trends characteristic of phylogenetic inertia, with decreasing homoplasy (increasing consistency index) as we sub-sample more distantly related taxa. One clade shows increasing homoplasy, suggesting exhaustion of finite states. Different clades may, therefore, show different patterns of character evolution. However, when parsimony uninformative characters are excluded (which may occur without documentation in cladistic studies), it may no longer be possible to distinguish inertial and finite state spaces. Interestingly, inertial models predict that homoplasy should be clustered among comparatively close relatives (parallel evolution), whereas finite state models do not. If morphological evolution is often inertial in nature, then homoplasy (false homology) may primarily occur between close relatives, perhaps being replaced by functional analogy at higher taxonomic scales.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Trubacheeva, Nataliya V., Mikhail G. Divashuk, Anastasiya G. Chernook, Igor A. Belan, Ludmila P. Rosseeva, and Lidiya A. Pershina. "The Effect of Chromosome Arm 1BS on the Fertility of Alloplasmic Recombinant Lines in Bread Wheat with the Hordeum vulgare Cytoplasm." Plants 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061120.

Full text

Abstract:

The genetic mechanisms of fertility restoration in alloplasmic bread wheat with the barley cytoplasm are poorly explored. The effect of the 1BS chromosome arm on the fertility of bread wheat with the H. vulgare cytoplasm was studied depending on the incompleteness/completeness of the cytonuclear compatibility. (i) Three self-fertile (SF) lines and one partially fertile (PF) line with an incomplete cytonuclear compatibility and (ii) four self-fertile (SF) lines with a complete cytonuclear compatibility were studied. For the lines in group (i), the heteroplasmy (simultaneous presence of barley and wheat copies) of the 18S/5S mitochondrial (mt) repeat was revealed as well as the barley-type homoplasmy of chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs). In the lines in group (ii), the 18S/5S mt repeat and cpSSRs were found in the wheat-type homoplasmic state. In all of the lines, the 1BS chromosome arm was substituted for the 1RS arm. The F1 plants of SF(i)-1BS × 1RS hybrids were fertile. The results of a segregation analysis in the F2 plants of SF(i)-1BS × 1RS showed that 1BS carries a single dominant fertility restorer gene (Rf) of bread wheat with the H. vulgare cytoplasm. All of the F1 plants of PF(i)-1BS × 1RS hybrids were sterile. A single dose of this restorer gene is not sufficient to restore fertility in this alloplasmic PF(i) line. All of the F1 and F2 plants of SF(ii)-1BS × 1RS hybrids were self-fertile.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Wilkinson, Mark. "Homoplasy and Parsimony Analysis." Systematic Zoology 40, no. 1 (March 1991): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992227.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Van de Velde, Freek, and Joop van der Horst. "Homoplasy in diachronic grammar." Language Sciences 36 (March 2013): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2012.03.020.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Brandley, Matthew C., Dan L. Warren, Adam D. Leaché, and Jimmy A. McGuire. "Homoplasy and Clade Support." Systematic Biology 58, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syp019.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Wood, Bernard. "Homoplasy: Foe and Friend?" Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 8, no. 3 (1999): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6505(1999)8:3<79::aid-evan2>3.0.co;2-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Wilkinson, M. "Homoplasy and Parsimony Analysis." Systematic Biology 40, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/40.1.105.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kalersjo, Mari, Victor A. Albert, and James S. Farris. "Homoplasy Increases Phylogenetic Structure." Cladistics 15, no. 1 (March 1999): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1999.tb00400.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Hauser, David L., George E. Boyajian, and N. H. Shubin. "Rates of evolution and homoplasy." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006845.

Full text

Abstract:

Homoplasy is present in virtually every known systematic analysis and exists at all levels of the Linnaean hierarchy. Despite the nearly universal presence of homoplasy, the patterns and causal mechanisms of it have only recently been addressed.Sanderson and Donoghue (1989) examined the relationships between homoplasy (as measured by the consistency index) and taxonomic rank, the number of characters, and the number of taxa. Their analysis, which involved 60 data sets from the literature, showed a statistically significant and inverse correlation between the number of taxa and the amount of homoplasy exhibited.In order to expand on Sanderson and Donoghue's important contribution, we attempt to dissect the causal mechanisms of homoplasy. As a working hypothesis, we assume that if the number of character states is limited, homoplasy should be a function of at least three factors: 1) the number of cladogenetic events (which is directly related to the number of taxa), 2) the percentage of characters that undergo change at each node, and 3) the probability of any one character changing at any one node. Because the absolute, or even relative, values of the last two factors are rarely known for a given taxonomic group, we used computer generated data sets in order to quantitatively determine the relative importance of these three factors to patterns of homoplasy. Characters were allowed to “evolve” on a preset tree topology; this process was repeated for a wide variety of values for each of the above factors. The correlation of each factor with the consistency index was then examined. In order to control for results that were unique to a given tree topology, the same data sets were generated onto two very different tree topologies (a extensively bifurcated tree and a Hennigian comb).Our preliminary results indicate that homoplasy is much more sensitive to the percentage of characters that change at a given node then to the number of taxa involved (as determined by the amount of variance explained by a regression line). In addition, the nature of the above procedure allows for the analysis of the dynamic relationship between evolutionary rate and constraint (defined as a limitation in the number of character states possible). These two factors conspire to produce homoplasy. The effect of high rates of evolution on homoplasy is magnified by successively greater constraints on character states; conversely, high rates of evolution in conjunction with low degrees of constraint lead to lesser levels of homoplasy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Meier, Rudolf, Paul Kores, and Steven Darwin. "Homoplasy Slope Ratio: A Better Measurement of Observed Homoplasy in Cladistic Analyses." Systematic Zoology 40, no. 1 (March 1991): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992223.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Meier, R., P. Kores, and S. Darwin. "Homoplasy Slope Ratio: A Better Measurement of Observed Homoplasy in Cladistic Analyses." Systematic Biology 40, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/40.1.74.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

McKenzie, M., I. A. Trounce, C. A. Cassar, and C. A. Pinkert. "Production of homoplasmic xenomitochondrial mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, no. 6 (January 26, 2004): 1685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0303184101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

McFarland, R., P. F. Chinnery, E. L. Blakely, A. M. Schaefer, A. A. M. Morris, S. M. Foster, H. A. L. Tuppen, et al. "Homoplasmy, heteroplasmy, and mitochondrial dystonia." Neurology 69, no. 9 (August 27, 2007): 911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000267843.10977.4a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Conti, Angela, Debora Casagrande Pierantoni, Vincent Robert, Gianluigi Cardinali, and Laura Corte. "Homoplasy as an Auxiliary Criterion for Species Delimitation." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020273.

Full text

Abstract:

Homoplasy is a sort of noise in phylogenetic reconstructions, due to the accumulation of backmutations, convergent evolution and horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which is considered the major trigger of homoplasy in microorganism for its massive presence. It is also known that homoplasy increases with the complexity of the tree with both real and simulated data. In this paper, we analyzed the variation of homoplasy with the two widely used taxonomic markers ITS and LSU in four taxonomic models characterized by differences in the intra-specific distances. An algorithm (HomoDist) was developed to analyze the homoplasy index (HI) variation upon addition of a single element (strain or species) in increasing distance from a starting element. This algorithm allows to follow changes of the consistency index (CI), complementary to the HI, with the increase of the number of taxa and with the increase of the distance among elements. Results show that homoplasy increases—as expected—with the number of taxa, but also as a function of the overall distance among species, often with an almost linear relationship between distance and HI. No HI change was observed in trees with few taxa spanning through short distances, indicating that this noise is not prohibitive in this context, although the analysis of the ratio between HI and distance can be recommended as a criterion for tree acceptance. The absence of large changes of the HI within the species, and its increase when new species are added by HomoDist, suggest that homoplasy variation can be used as an auxiliary test in distance-based species delimitation with any type of marker.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Willson, Stephen J. "Unique Determination of Some Homoplasies at Hybridization Events." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 69, no. 5 (February 23, 2007): 1709–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11538-006-9187-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Ling, Feng, Rong Niu, Hideyuki Hatakeyama, Yu-ichi Goto, Takehiko Shibata, and Minoru Yoshida. "Reactive oxygen species stimulate mitochondrial allele segregation toward homoplasmy in human cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 10 (May 15, 2016): 1684–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0690.

Full text

Abstract:

Mitochondria that contain a mixture of mutant and wild-type mitochondrial (mt) DNA copies are heteroplasmic. In humans, homoplasmy is restored during early oogenesis and reprogramming of somatic cells, but the mechanism of mt-allele segregation remains unknown. In budding yeast, homoplasmy is restored by head-to-tail concatemer formation in mother cells by reactive oxygen species (ROS)–induced rolling-circle replication and selective transmission of concatemers to daughter cells, but this mechanism is not obvious in higher eukaryotes. Here, using heteroplasmic m.3243A > G primary fibroblast cells derived from MELAS patients treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we show that an optimal ROS level promotes mt-allele segregation toward wild-type and mutant mtDNA homoplasmy. Enhanced ROS level reduced the amount of intact mtDNA replication templates but increased linear tandem multimers linked by head-to-tail unit-sized mtDNA (mtDNA concatemers). ROS-triggered mt-allele segregation correlated with mtDNA-concatemer production and enabled transmission of multiple identical mt-genome copies as a single unit. Our results support a mechanism by which mt-allele segregation toward mt-homoplasmy is mediated by concatemers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Hall, Brian K. "Homology, homoplasy, novelty, and behavior." Developmental Psychobiology 55, no. 1 (June 18, 2012): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.21039.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Goloboff, Pablo A. "RANDOM DATA, HOMOPLASY AND INFORMATION." Cladistics 7, no. 4 (December 1991): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00046.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Torres-Montúfar, Alejandro, Thomas Borsch, and Helga Ochoterena. "When Homoplasy Is Not Homoplasy: Dissecting Trait Evolution by Contrasting Composite and Reductive Coding." Systematic Biology 67, no. 3 (July 13, 2017): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syx053.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Salvini-Plawen, L. V. "What is convergent/homoplastic in Pogonophora?*." Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 38, no. 3 (September 2000): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0469.2000.383143.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Lee, Joon-Hee, Amy Peters, Pat Fisher, Emma J. Bowles, Justin C. St. John, and Keith H. S. Campbell. "Generation of mtDNA Homoplasmic Cloned Lambs." Cellular Reprogramming 12, no. 3 (June 2010): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cell.2009.0096.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Parker, William G. "Revised phylogenetic analysis of the Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia); assessing the effects of incongruent morphological character sets." PeerJ 4 (January 21, 2016): e1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1583.

Full text

Abstract:

Aetosauria is an early-diverging clade of pseudosuchians (crocodile-line archosaurs) that had a global distribution and high species diversity as a key component of various Late Triassic terrestrial faunas. It is one of only two Late Triassic clades of large herbivorous archosaurs, and thus served a critical ecological role. Nonetheless, aetosaur phylogenetic relationships are still poorly understood, owing to an overreliance on osteoderm characters, which are often poorly constructed and suspected to be highly homoplastic. A new phylogenetic analysis of the Aetosauria, comprising 27 taxa and 83 characters, includes more than 40 new characters that focus on better sampling the cranial and endoskeletal regions, and represents the most comprenhensive phylogeny of the clade to date. Parsimony analysis recovered three most parsimonious trees; the strict consensus of these trees finds an Aetosauria that is divided into two main clades: Desmatosuchia, which includes the Desmatosuchinae and the Stagonolepidinae, and Aetosaurinae, which includes the Typothoracinae. As defined Desmatosuchinae now containsNeoaetosauroides engaeusand several taxa that were previously referred to the genusStagonolepis, and a new clade, Desmatosuchini, is erected for taxa more closely related toDesmatosuchus. Overall support for some clades is still weak, and Partitioned Bremer Support (PBS) is applied for the first time to a strictly morphological dataset demonstrating that this weak support is in part because of conflict in the phylogenetic signals of cranial versus postcranial characters. PBS helps identify homoplasy among characters from various body regions, presumably the result of convergent evolution within discrete anatomical modules. It is likely that at least some of this character conflict results from different body regions evolving at different rates, which may have been under different selective pressures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ruppert, Edward E. "Key characters uniting hemichordates and chordates: homologies or homoplasies?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-158.

Full text

Abstract:

Four chordate characters — dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, gill slits, and endostyle — are compared morphologically, molecularly, and functionally with similar structures in hemichordates to assess their putative homologies. The dorsal hollow nerve cord and enteropneust neurocord are probably homoplasies. The neurocord (= collar cord) may be an autapomorphy of Enteropneusta that innervates a unique pair of muscles, the perihemal coelomic muscles. Despite the apparent lack of organ-level homology, chordates and enteropneusts share a common pattern of neurulation that preserves a "contact innervation" between neuro- and myo-epithelia, which may be the primitive deuterostome pattern of neuromuscular innervation. The chordate notochord and hemichordate stomochord are probably homoplasies. Other potential notochord antecedents in hemichordates are examined, but no clear homolog is identified. The comparative morphology of notochords suggests that the "stack-of-coins" developmental stage, retained into adulthood only by cephalochordates, is the plesiomorphic notochord form. Hemichordate and chordate gill slits are probably homologs, but only at the level of simple ciliated circular or oval pores, lacking a skeleton, as occur in adults of Cephalodiscus spp., developmentally in some enteropneusts, and in many urochordates. Functional morphology, I125-binding experiments, and genetic data suggest that endostylar function may reside in the entire pharyngeal lining of Enteropneusta and is not restricted to a specialized midline structure as in chordates. A cladistic analysis of Deuterostomia, based partly on homologs discussed in this paper, indicates a sister-taxon relationship between Urochordata and Vertebrata, with Cephalochordata as the plesiomorphic clade.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Hull, David L. "Steven Rose's alternative to ultra-Darwinism." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 5 (October 1999): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99342205.

Full text

Abstract:

Stephen Rose's formulation of evolutionary theory is too scattered and impressionistic to serve as a genuine alternative to ultra- Darwinism. In addition, he has muddied a distinction that is crucial to our understanding of evolutionary phenomenona – the distinction between homologies and homoplasies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

García-Díaz, Angel, Ricardo Oya, Antonio Sánchez, and Francisco Luque. "Effect of prolonged vegetative reproduction of olive tree cultivars (Olea europaea L.) in mitochondrial homoplasmy and heteroplasmy." Genome 46, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-017.

Full text

Abstract:

The inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes does not follow Mendelian laws, but proceeds by vegetative segregation. Most organisms show organelle homoplasmy, which is probably produced and maintained during sexual reproduction. We have tested the effect of prolonged vegetative multiplication in the maintenance of mitochondrial homoplasmy and the generation of heteroplasmy in cultivated olive trees, Olea europaea L. Seven trees, each representing a different variety of olive, were analysed by the study of an intergenic spacer region of the mitochondrial genome. A very high level of heteroplasmy was detected in all cases. We found multiple genome variants of the sequence analysed. The frequency of genomes with no changes in the spacer region was 11.5%. This means that 88.5% of genomes contain at least one change. The same spacer mitochondrial region was sequenced in several clones from four olive trees of a second generation of sexually reproduced trees. In these trees, many clones were identical and had no changes, which represents a clear reduction of the heteroplasmy (p < 0.001). Therefore, this work supports the relevance of the role of sexual reproduction in the maintenance of mitochondrial homoplasmy and also shows that mutations accumulate in a non-coding sequence of the mitochondrial genome when vegetative propagation is maintained for a long period of time.Key words: mitochondrial genome, homoplasmy, heteroplasmy, olive trees, vegetative reproduction, sexual reproduction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Farris, James S. "The Retention Index and Homoplasy Excess." Systematic Zoology 38, no. 4 (December 1989): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992406.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Martin, T. "PALEONTOLOGY: Homoplasy in the Mammalian Ear." Science 307, no. 5711 (February 11, 2005): 861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1107202.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!