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1
Farrell-Bryan, Dylan, and Ian Peacock. "Who Gets Deported? Immigrant Removal Rates by National Origin and Period, 1998 to 2021." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 8 (January 2022): 237802312210912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231221091224.
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Most removal proceedings in U.S. immigration courts result in removal, but research has yet to consider how removal rates vary by nationality and period. Using Executive Office of Immigration Review data, the authors examine the removal rates for the 30 most common national-origin groups in removal proceedings. Honduran, Mexican, Guatemalan, and Brazilian nationals have been ordered removed at rates considerably higher than the population average, while Chinese, Albanian, Egyptian, and Ethiopian nationals experience notably low rates of removal. Additionally, the authors find a general decline in removal rates between 1998 and 2021, with a notable jump in removal rates during the Trump administration. Disaggregating removal rates by nationality and period has important implications for understanding disparities in access to legal resources and immigration enforcement practices.
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Stenquist, Derek S., Suyapa Bejarano, Linda S. Kennedy, Silvia Portillo, Ana Barrientos, Suzanne P. Burgos, Roberto Armando Elvir Zelaya, et al. "Partnering for Success: Expanding Breast and Cancer Screening in Rural Honduras One Clinic at a Time." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 3_suppl (June 2016): 24s—25s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.003848.
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Abstract 36 Background: Women in rural Honduras have limited access to cancer education, screening, and care. With village leaders, we piloted breast and cervical cancer screening in El Rosario, Honduras. Our objectives were to improve awareness and access, mitigate barriers, connect community and Honduran providers, and link patients with abnormal findings to cancer treatment. In 2013, health professionals and staff from Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth- Hitchcock joined Honduran clinicians and medical students from La Liga Contra el Cáncer for two days of rural cancer screening. Peer educators taught 475 participants from 31 rural communities how to conduct self-breast exams. Of these participants, 238 chose clinical breast exams; 5% were clinically abnormal and 2.9% were referred for services at La Liga with 100% compliance. 34% reported barriers to cervical cancer screening due to distance and lack of transportation. 14.5% tested positive for HPV and 8% were positive for high risk HPV genotypes including 11 of 13 known high risk types. This group has been retested periodically by Pap. The collaborators will return in April 2016 to repeat the study, adding oral and thyroid screening. Genotyping for hrHPV will be onsite with a novel assay for PCR developed at Dartmouth-Hitchcock. Reflex testing with Pap will follow as needed. Follow up will be at La Liga where care is offered for free or at a reduced cost. A similar project for 400 urban factory-workers will also take place in April 2016. Methods: 2-day, multi-modal education and screening outreach run brigade-style combining low-tech primary screening with onsite molecular pathology. Conclusions: Partnerships between local leaders and clinicians are predicted to be essential to project implementation. Targeting populations with education and screening plus building connections to follow up care will provide earlier detection of breast and cervical cancer. We predict that community leadership will be critical to preventing loss to follow-up. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Derek S. Stenquist No relationship to disclose Suyapa Bejarano No relationship to disclose Linda S. Kennedy No relationship to disclose Silvia Portillo No relationship to disclose Ana Barrientos No relationship to disclose Suzanne P. Burgos No relationship to disclose Roberto Armando Elvir Zelaya No relationship to disclose Christine Averill No relationship to disclose Emmeline Liu No relationship to disclose Francine de Abreau No relationship to disclose Paul Burchard No relationship to disclose Torrey Gallagher No relationship to disclose Martha Goodrich No relationship to disclose Scottie Eliassen No relationship to disclose Julie Weiss No relationship to disclose Camilo Mandujano No relationship to disclose Jennifer Alford-Teaster No relationship to disclose Gregory J. Tsongalis Research Funding: Illumina, Qiagen, Thermofisher Tracy Onega No relationship to disclose Mary D. Chamberlin No relationship to disclose
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Turcios-Casco, Manfredo A., Vinícius Cardoso Cláudio, and Thomas E. Lee Jr. "Back to the future: A preserved specimen validates the presence of Molossus pretiosus (Molossidae, Chiroptera) in Honduras." ZooKeys 1196 (March 22, 2024): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.116144.
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Molossus pretiosus is a molossid bat that has been thought to exist in Honduras. While some authors have suggested its range extends all the way to Mexico, others have placed its northernmost distribution in Nicaragua. We present evidence, based on one specimen collected in 2005, confirming the presence of this species in the Caribbean of Honduras within the Islas de la Bahía department. This discovery increases the count of known species within this family to 18 in the country and raises the total bat species count for Honduras to 114. We recommend a detailed study of historical specimens to confirm the identification of species that may have been misidentified as well as a thorough examination of molossids distributed in northern Honduras.
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Mérida, Julio Enrique, and Gustavo Adolfo Cruz. "First record brown four-eyed opossum marsupial in Honduras ( Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve )." UNED Research Journal 7, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v7i2.1163.
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It is adding a new record of marsupial to Honduras, Metachirus nudicaudatus, and the second record to Nuclear Central America, based in two specimens, male and female. These increments to nine species and six the generas of didelphids for the country. The female without a pouch that it is present in other Honduras didelphids, execpt in marmosa. Specimens come from the community of Baltiltuk, Platano River Biosphera Reserve (RBRP), Gracias a Dios Department. There are discrepancies in the litterature about its distribution in México and Central America, some authors mention its from Honduras, but without catalogue record, hightligthin the importance of the record of the specie.
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Herrmann, Nicholas P., Derek C. Benedix, Ann M. Scott, and Valerie A. Haskins. "A Brief Comment on an Intentionally Modified Tooth from the Rio Talgua Region, Northeastern Honduras." Dental Anthropology Journal 13, no. 2 (September 7, 2018): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v13i2.191.
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A single tooth from an ossuary cave in eastern Honduras was examined for the evidence of intentional modification. Using various microscopic methods, the authors did not observe linear striations associated with filing. However, characteristics consistent with normal masticatory processes were documented.
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Thomas, Brian. "Pico-Hydropower Franchising in Rural Honduras." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 6, no. 1 (May 7, 2011): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v6i1.3213.
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This paper describes a four-year effort to alleviate poverty in rural villages of Honduras by creating financially self-sustaining electricity businesses at the village level. What began as a humanitarian engineering project undertaken by students and faculty at Baylor University, subsequently evolved into a larger effort of social entrepreneurship that included the incorporation of companies in the United States and Honduras. A novel micro-franchise business model was created that used small hydropower systems to generate electricity in local villages, and local villagers having vested financial interests to maintain, distribute, and protect these systems. Two of the authors relocated to Honduras to install village-level franchises, but numerous problems plagued the project. A few months after we launched the businesses, however, a fatal flaw was identified in the business model regarding the pace at which new systems could be deployed. Disclosure of this flaw resulted in the loss of funding. This paper will attempt to share the successes and failures of this project. Focus will be given to the most innovative aspects of our project which were largely entrepreneurial in nature. Technical details, when they are novel, will be shared, but hydro electric basics will be omitted where there is existing literature.
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Ariza, Marina, and Orlandina De Oliveira. "Familias, pobreza y desigualdad social en Latinoamérica: una mirada comparativa / Families, Poverty and Social Inequality in Latin America: A Comparative Analysis." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v22i1.1292.
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En este texto analizamos las repercusiones que pueden tener diferentes escenarios demográficos y económicos sobre el bienestar de las familias. Elegimos un conjunto de países que en los albores del siglo xxi muestran importantes diferencias en el grado de avance de la transición demográfica y los niveles de desarrollo socioeconómico. Con base en tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares elaboradas por Cepal, comparamos a Argentina y Uruguay que se encuentran en etapas más avanzadas de la primera transición demográfica; Brasil y México que atraviesan por una fase menos avanzada, y Honduras y Nicaragua que, por el contrario, se encuentran en un estadio más temprano de dicha transición. La comparación entre los rasgos familiares y socioeconómicos del conjunto de países seleccionados arroja distintos escenarios sociales que nos permitirán mostrar cómo el cruce entre las dimensiones sociodemográfica y socioeconómica incide diferencialmente sobre la organización del mundo familiar y las formas de convivencia. AbstractThis text analyzes the repercussions of different demographic and economic scenarios on families’ well-being. The authors chose a set of countries, which, at the beginning of the 21st century, show significant differences in the degree of progress of the demographic transition and levels of socio-demographic development. On the base of special tabulations of the household surveys compiled by Cepal, the authors compared Argentina and Uruguay, which are at more advanced stages of the first demographic transition; Brazil and Mexico, currently at a less advanced stage and Honduras and Nicaragua, which are at an earlier stage of this transition. A comparison of the family and socio-economic features of the set of countries chosen reveals different social scenarios enabling the authors to show how the intersection between socio-demographic and socio-economic dimensions has a different effect on the organization of the family sphere and forms of coexistence.
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MCCRANIE, JAMES R. "Books, book reviews, anoles, and do we really know what we believe we know?" Zootaxa 4290, no. 2 (July 7, 2017): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4290.2.8.
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McCranie & Köhler (2015, hereafter M&K) recently published a book on the systematics, distribution, and conservation of the anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) of the Central American country of Honduras. Those authors included 39 species placed in two genera. Gray (2015; hereafter G) published a largely well-done review of that book. However, G made a few incorrect statements, some of which I feel need to be addressed. In addition, the anole systematics at the species, and especially at the generic level, are extremely contentious issues that affect anyone trying to publish any manuscript regarding anole systematics.
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Sandoval, Vicente, Juan Pablo Sarmiento, Erick Alberto Mazariegos, and Daniel Oviedo. "Exploring Network Analysis for Urban Planning and Disaster Risk Reduction in Informal Settlements." International Journal of Disaster Response and Emergency Management 3, no. 1 (January 2020): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdrem.2020010103.
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The work explores the use of street network analysis on informal settlements and discusses the potential and limitations of this methodology to advance disaster risk reduction and urban resilience. The urban network analysis tool is used to conduct graph analysis measures on street networks in three informal settlements in the LAC region: Portmore, Jamaica; Tegucigalpa, Honduras; and Lima, Peru. Authors incorporate risk variables identified by these communities and combine them with prospective scenarios in which street networks are strategically intervened to improve performance. Authors also compute one graph index named Reach centrality. Results are presented spatially through thematic maps, and statistically by plotting cumulative distributions. Findings show that centrality measures of settlements' networks helped identify key nodes or roads that may be critical for people's daily life after disasters, and strategic to improve accessibility. The proposed methodology shows potential to inform decisions on urban planning and disaster risk reduction.
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Dešić, Josip, and Kristijan Lenac. "Je li blockchain tehnologija budućnost digitalizacije zemljišnih knjiga?" Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 41, no. 2 (2020): 609–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.41.2.9.
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The paper gives an overview of the fundamental features of blockchain technology and analyses the possibility of its application in the land registry system. The authors consider whether blockchain technology can improve the security and transparency of the land registry system, ensure data integrity, accelerate and facilitate the transfer of real property rights and registration process, whether blockchain can offer something different from technologies already tested in land registry systems and whether this technological solution can change the way land registers perform their functions. This paper gives an overview of positive trends and results, primarily the example of Estonia, which has gone the farthest in applying blockchain technology in public administration and digital society, as well as the example of Sweden, but also examples of Georgia, Dubai, Honduras, Brazil. Finally, the authors consider the possibility and justification of introducing blockchain technology in the Croatian real estate register.
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Chacón-Víquez, Luis Diego. "EL SISTEMA Y LAS REFORMAS EDUCATIVAS EN HONDURAS: EL BALANCE DE DOS DÉCADAS. THE SYSTEM AND EDUCATIONAL REFORMS IN HONDURAS: THE BALANCE OF TWO DECADES." Revista Electrónica Calidad en la Educación Superior 4, no. 2 (November 24, 2013): 144–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/caes.v4i2.469.
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Desde una perspectiva descriptiva se analizan las diversas propuestas de reformas educativas llevadas a cabo en el transcurso de dos décadas a nivel nacional hasta llegar a la nueva Ley Fundamental de Educación. Se pretende generar un proceso de comparación con otras reformas educativas realizadas en la región; para lograr este objetivo se procura utilizar la revisión bibliográfica de los diferentes contextos y latitudes, especialmente las fuentes que hacen referencia a Latinoamérica y al entorno local. En el documento se revisan los antecedentes de las reformas, iniciando con una mirada general de la educación en América Latina, analizando las reformas educativas desde la opinión de diversos autores, así como el análisis de las reformas educativas en América Latina. Se parte del contexto nacional realizando una revisión de lo que ha sido el balance de dos décadas de reformas educativas en Honduras.Palabras clave: Reforma Educativa, Honduras, hegemonía, Estado, poder, Ley Fundamental de Educación, América Latina.AbstractFrom a descriptive perspective it analyzes the various proposals for educational reforms carried out nationwide and in the course of two decades down to the new Fundamental Law of Education. Aiming to create a comparison process with other educational reforms in the region, to achieve this goal, it attempts to review the literature of the different contexts and latitudes, especially those referring to Latin America and the premises. This paper is a review of the background of the reforms, starting with an overview of education in Latin America, and analyzing educational reforms from the point of view of various authors, and the analysis of educational reforms in Latin America. Taking in account the national context, it reviews how has been the balance of two decades of education reforms in Honduras.Keywords: Educational Reform, Honduras, Hegemony, Estate, Power, Fundamental Law of Education, Latin America
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Webster, David, AnnCorinne Freter, and David Rue. "The Obsidian Hydration Dating Project at Copan: A Regional Approach and Why It Works." Latin American Antiquity 4, no. 4 (December 1993): 303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972070.
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Settlement research at Copán, Honduras, since 1984 has produced the largest set of obsidian-hydration dates from excavated contexts available for Mesoamerica (Webster and Freter 1990). Geoffrey Braswell (1992) has criticized the methodology underlying our research, specific associations of our published data, and particularly our reconstruction of a demographic and political decline at Copán that extended well beyond A.D. 900. Braswell has incorrectly characterized the Copan Obsidian Hydration Dating Project’s methodology, and makes many factual errors in assessing the Copán data. In this paper the authors correct these errors, discuss basic issues of obsidian-hydration-dating methodology, and offer new data from Copán to evaluate the efficacy of hydration dating as a method and its potential future application for Mesoamerica as a whole.
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Valdés, Alberto, and William Foster. "Nuevos acuerdos regionales de comercio en Latinoamérica y disposición a negociar: El caso de la agricultura." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 6, no. 12 (October 17, 2011): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2006.12.02.
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<span>This article analyses past trade trends and agricultural protectionism in Latin American agriculture, by examining observed changes in Latin American agriculture and trade policies over the last 20 years that have led to what the authors call the«New Open Regionalism». It also discussed the conflicting interests and various trading positions taken up by Latin American countries in multilateral trade talks, as a result of the strong heterogeneity between net agricultural exporters and importers. The authors show that the repeated failure of the Doha round of trade talks opens the door for bilateral or sub-regional free trade agreements, concluding with the prediction that regional integration in Latin America will come about as a result of agreements between various sub-regional trade blocs. The weakness of internal demand makes the development of the region’s agri-food sector highly dependent on exports, the growth of which is one of the main economic drivers in these countries, particularly net exporters. In addressing the issue of the distribution of profits from trade liberalization, the authors propose a variety of schemes that have already proved their effectiveness in countries such as Mexico, Turkey, Brazil, Colombia, Nicaragua and Honduras.</span>
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Peña-Paz, Tania, Maria Elisa Ortiz, Manuel Rodriguez, and Pedro Enrique Ortiz. "Dynamics of the Water Table in the Rio Chiquito Sub-basin, Honduras." Bionatura 8, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.34.
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This research, led by the IHCIT in collaboration with the ADAPTARC project of SERNA/UNDP, forms a crucial part of the author's doctoral and master's thesis. Focusing on the Rio Chiquito sub-basin in Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras, it aims to offer a preliminary insight into the dynamics of the isophreatic curves as a technical tool for decision-makers. Despite its relatively small size, this sub-basin features a dramatic elevation change, ranging from 950 - 2200 meters above sea level over a 21km river length and with 30% urbanization. The study involved meticulous information management of over 100 wells, primarily used for human consumption, highlighting the community's dependence on groundwater. Given the intermittent and insufficient municipal water supply, this was especially critical, emphasizing groundwater's role in meeting basic needs and public health. The findings reveal underground water levels varying between 5 to 20 meters on average, with peaks up to 60 meters in the subbasin's lower western area. This underground flow aligns with the sub-basin geomorphology and surface dynamics, showing a gradient from 950 to 1200 meters in the middle-lower part, ascending to 2200 meters in the middle-upper region. Keywords: water table, aquifer, groundwater, sub-basin,
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Bedecarrats, Florent. "Síntesis crítica del informe Políticas públicas y servicios financieros rurales en Mesoamérica." Revista Trace, no. 52 (July 6, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.52.2007.343.
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Este artículo es síntesis crítica del informe Políticas públicas y servicios financieros rurales en Mesoamérica realizado por Michelle Deugd, Hans Nusselder, Iris Villalobos e Ignacio Fiestas. El documento analizado consiste en un estudio comparativo en cinco países mesoamericanos (México, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras y Nicaragua) de la articulación entre políticas públicas de promoción de los servicios financieros rurales y políticas públicas para el desarrollo rural. Después de presentar un panorama detallado de las situaciones nacionales, los autores muestran que existen patrones recurrentes de desarticulación entre las intervenciones públicas estudiadas. En base a su diagnóstico, plantean propuestas para una mejor integración de estos marcos políticos. Se resaltan aquí los hallazgos valiosos de esta pesquisa que permiten una buena comprensión de arquitecturas institucionales complejas. Se apuntan también ciertos enfoques que no fueron considerados por los autores y que habría que explorar para tener una visión más completa de la problemática.Abstract: This article is a critical synthesis of the report Políticas públicas y servicios financieros rurales en Mesoamérica written by Michelle Deugd, Hans Nusselder, Iris Villalobos and Ignacio Fiestas. The analysed document consists in a comparative study in five Mesoamerican countries (Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua) on the articulation between promotional public policies for the promotion of rural financial services and public policies for rural development. After presenting a detailed panorama of the national situations, the authors show that there are some recurring schemes of disarticulation between the considered public interventions. On the basis of their diagnostic, they present some propositions for a better integration of these policy frameworks. Here we put forward the valuable findings of this research that contribute to a good understanding of complex institutional architectures. We also point some approaches that have not been considered by the authors and that should be explored in order to have a more complete vision of the problematic.Résumé : Cet article est une synthèse critique du rapport Políticas públicas y servicios financieros rurales en Mesoamérica réalisé par Michelle Deugd, Hans Nusselder, Iris Villalobos et Ignacio Fiestas. Le document analysé consiste en une étude comparative dans cinq pays mésoaméricains (Mexique, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras et Nicaragua) de l’articulation entre politiques publiques de promotion des services financiers ruraux et politiques publiques de développement rural. Après avoir présenté un panorama détaillé des situations nationales, les auteurs montrent qu’il existe des schémas récurrents de désarticulation entre les interventions publiques étudiées. Sur la base de leur diagnostic, ils présentent des propositions pour une meilleure intégration de ces cadres politiques. On met ici en avant les précieux apports de cette recherche qui permettent une bonne compréhension d’architectures institutionnelles complexes. On relève aussi certaines approches qui n’ont pas été prises en compte par les auteurs et qu’il faudrait explorer pour avoir une vision plus complète de la problématique.
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Malashenkova, Angelina A., and Oxana G. Kharitonova. "Populist Presidents and Civil Society on Latin American Democracies." RUDN Journal of Political Science 24, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2022-24-2-247-267.
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The article considers the issue of populism in Latin American democracies and their evolution. The authors identify the factors leading to the electoral success of populist presidents in Latin American democracies. 13 cases were selected for research: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela. The authors formulated two hypotheses, according to which the probability of electoral success for populist presidents increases in case of low political participation rates, undeveloped civil society; in case of increasing levels of economic development, inequality and inflation. The dataset includes 377 country/year observations on 65 presidents from 1991 to 2019. The hypotheses were tested by logistic regression analysis. The independent variables for the electoral success of populist presidents were determined as the following: the level of civic participation, the level of the civil society development, political participation, economic inequality, and economic development. The quantitative analysis identified two variables with the most significant impact on the dependent variable, i.e., the civil society index and the level of GDP per capita. The article concludes that in the third-wave Latin American democracies high levels of civil participation and sustainable civil society can hinder the rise of populist leaders.
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Miller Wolf, Katherine A. "Curating Large Skeletal Collections: An Example from the Ancient Maya Site of Copán, Honduras." Advances in Archaeological Practice 7, no. 1 (February 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2018.46.
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AbstractArchaeologists strive to understand ancient lifeways, and bioarchaeological data provide honest and immutable evidence of the realities of ancient society in the bodies of the dead. Given the importance of human remains in the archaeological record, a major component of the author's work has been devoted to the ethical responsibilities of bioarchaeologists in the treatment of the collections studied. However, the curation of skeletal remains is often challenging because the conservation and storage of these delicate materials may be afterthoughts in archaeological plans, being inadequately or incorrectly stored and sometimes treated to the same conservation conditions as more robust artifacts and samples. This article offers guidelines and recommendations for skeletal curation based on observations of curation challenges in a large collection in the subtropical Maya region. The collection was not well managed and human remains were not prioritized in the conservation program. The challenges and mitigations are presented here.
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Lillios, Katina T. "Figurines, materiality and social life in ancient Mesoamerica." Antiquity 89, no. 343 (January 30, 2015): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2014.14.
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Reading these two books is like peering into a magnifying lens. One is able to focus in and reflect on small details, but is also made aware that these details are inextricably linked to, and informed by, other elements in the field of view. In Material relations: the marriage figurines of Prehispanic Honduras and Maya figurines: intersections between state and household, the authors carry out focused analyses of ceramic figurines from pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica. Through the theoretical lenses of materiality, practice and mimesis, they show how figurines, as individual objects or assemblages, created social life through their portability, transferability and biographies. Furthermore, because of their association with households, they show how figurines can speak to the lives of women, children and commoners, the dynamics of households, and the relationship between non-states or culturally peripheral areas and the state. These two books stand as nuanced exemplars of microscale approaches in archaeology and a concern with intimate practices to reveal larger social phenomena.
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Woldt, Jason James, Sameer Prasad, and Jasmine Tata. "Supply chain management, national culture, and refugee network performance." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-12-2018-0075.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the flow of refugees through the dual lens of supply chain management and national cultural values. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model is first developed based upon an extensive literature review. The model is then applied to an example of migrants from Honduras traveling to the USA and those being repatriated back to Honduras. Findings The connection between national cultural values and elements of refugee supply chain management is identified in this research. The model examines four elements of refugee supply chain management (relationship continuity, partner involvement and development, inter-organizational communication, and network structure), and identifies the influence of these four elements on integrative and collaborative processes along the supply chain and, consequently, on the delivery of services to the refugees (refugee network performance). Research limitations/implications The model presented in this paper is tested using a single case and does not utilize an empirical methodology. Practical implications This research enables local municipalities and state entities along international migration paths to better manage their relationships with upstream/downstream players and improve refugee network performance by reducing transit time, lowering overall costs, ensuring the health and safety of the refugees, and identify eligible refugees (those likely to gain asylum) to support. Furthermore, the model provides specific recommendations for international Non-Governmental Organizations to help with the integrative and collaborative processes among the supply chain partners. Originality/value This research provides a unique perspective in examining the flow of refugees within the context of an international supply chain. The authors look at the critical players along refugee supply chains and develop a model that connects elements of refugee supply chain management with the cultural characteristics of nations.
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Santillán, Oscar S., Karla G. Cedano, and Manuel Martínez. "Analysis of Energy Poverty in 7 Latin American Countries Using Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071608.
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Energy poverty is a serious problem affecting many people in the world. To address it and alleviate it, the first action is to identify and measure the intensity of the population living in this condition. This paper seeks to generate information regarding the actual state of energy poverty by answering the research question: is it possible to measure the intensity of energy poverty between different Latin American countries with sufficient and equivalent data? To achieve this, the Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI), proposed by Nussbaumer et al., was used. The results present two levels of lack of access to energy services: Energy Poverty (EP) and Extreme Energy Poverty (EEP). The last one, is a concept introduced by the authors to evaluate energy poverty using MEPI. Results of people living on EP (EEP within parentheses) are as follow: Colombia 29% (18%), Dominican Republic 32% (14%), Guatemala 76% (61%), Haiti 98% (91%), Honduras 72% (59%), Mexico 30% (17%) and Peru 65% (42%). A clear correlation between the Human Development Index (HDI) and MEPI is displayed, however some countries have relatively high values for the HDI, but do not perform so well in the MEPI and vice versa. Further investigation is needed.
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Monico, Carmen, and Jovani Mendez-Sandoval. "Group and Child–Family Migration from Central America to the United States: Forced Child–Family Separation, Reunification, and Pseudo Adoption in the Era of Globalization." Genealogy 3, no. 4 (December 4, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3040068.
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Intercountry adoption from Latin America became a sizable, “quiet” migration to the U.S., as evident in its historical evolution from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. The recent migration of unaccompanied minors and families traveling with children from these case countries has been characterized by child–family separation, prolonged detention and institutionalization of children, and adoption through various means. This study has been concerned with how both trends became intertwined in the era of globalisation. To address this question, the authors examined intercountry adoption literature and migration-related briefs, legal claims, and news reports. The study suggests that internationally recognized child rights have been violated in the border crisis. Forced family separation resulting from stricter immigration measures has met criteria for child abduction, violating international convention protecting families in transnational kinship and adoption. A child–family separation typology was inferred from individual case studies ranging from separation by death to prolonged or indefinitive separation to de facto adoption. Reunification has failed for migrant children in custody since relatives or kinship members may be undocumented or parents may be deported. The current immigration system for migrant children’s care only prolongs their detention and violates their human and civil rights while turning child abduction into de facto adoption.
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Ketelhöhn, Niels, Roberto Artavia, Ronald Arce, and Victor Umaña. "The Central American Competitiveness Initiative." Competitiveness Review 25, no. 5 (October 19, 2015): 555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-07-2015-0065.
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Purpose – This paper is a historical account of the process by which Michael Porter and INCAE Business School put together a regional competitiveness strategy for Central America that was officially adopted by the governments of five participating countries, and implemented through a series of Presidential Summits that occurred between 1995 and 1999. The paper provides a unique case study on the adoption of the concepts put forth by Porter in his book “The Competitive Advantage of Nations” (1990) at the highest level of government. The study arrives at a series of practical implications for policy makers that are particularly relevant for the implementation of supra-national regional strategies. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conduct an extensive literature review of 190 policy papers produced by INCAE Business School, that are used to recreate the historical evolution of the regional competitiveness strategy. The effect of Porter’s intervention is also assessed by comparing the main economic indicators of each participating country with those of 2005-2010. One of the authors was the main protagonist in the successful implementation of the strategy, and the paper relies partially on his accounts of events. Findings – This study describes how economic policy in Central America was profoundly influenced by Michael Porter’s thinking in the second half of the 1990s. These policy changes promoted international competition of Central American clusters and firms, and opened the region for international investment and tourism. The region experienced important increases in its economic integration, its international trade, foreign direct investment and tourist arrivals. Gross domestic product growth was accelerated in Honduras and Nicaragua. Research limitations/implications – Like all case studies, this study has limits related to the generalizability of its conclusions. Additionally, it is not possible to determine the precise nature of the relation between the implementation of the regional economic strategy, and the impact on economic growth, integration, FDI attraction and exports. Practical implications – The paper has several practical implications that relate to the design of regional economic strategies. First, it identifies policy areas that are more effective as part of regional strategies, and distinguishes them from those that should be resolved at the national level. Second, it suggests a process that can facilitate execution. Finally, it provides an example of the coordinating role that can be assumed by an academic institution such as INCAE. Originality/value – The Central American Competitiveness Initiative provides a unique setting to study the implementation of competitiveness policy for several reasons. First, in all countries in Central America, Michael Porter’s diamond framework (1990) and cluster theory were officially adopted at the highest level of government. Second, in addition to their individual competitiveness strategies, all countries adopted a regional strategy for cooperation and economic integration. Finally, the Central American Competitiveness Initiative was founded on one of the first competitiveness think tanks of the world.
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Hincapie, Marcela, Kerlly Bernabé, James DeCuir, Julie Thompson, Mariana Avendano, George Nawas, Eric Dumonteil, Claudia Herrera, and Margarita Echeverri. "1202. Chagas Disease Awareness in a Hispanic Community of the Greater New Orleans Area." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1394.
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Abstract Background Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease responsible for severe disease burden in Latin American countries (≥ 6 million cases). It is increasingly reported in the Southern United States, with an estimated 89,410 human cases (nationwide estimate: 300,000), many of them acquired in endemic zones in Latin America. Methods Cross-sectional study to assess the change in knowledge about Chagas disease and triatomine vectors among Hispanic immigrants living in the Greater New Orleans area. All consented participants answered the baseline questionnaire, then received a short video presentation, and completed a post-test to evaluate change in knowledge. Consents, online questionnaires and training were administered in Spanish and English, as needed. Frequencies were computed to describe differences in demographic variables and questions in the pre-posttest. Data was analyzed with R software. Results A total of 64 adults (66% women, median age 58 years) completed the pre-post tests and attended the educational intervention. Participants have been living in the US for an average of 23 years and represented 11 countries. Majority were born in Honduras (27%) followed by Nicaragua (16%), United States (13%), Colombia (11%), Ecuador (9%), Guatemala (6%), Mexico (6%) and other counties (12%). Most participants recalled exposure to Chagas disease vectors. Although in the pre-test about half reported ever seeing a Triatomine, less than 20% correctly identified one of three images of a Triatomine provided in the questionnaire. Knowledge about how the disease is transmitted to humans increased from pre to posttest. While higher percentages of men (80%) than women (69%) answered correctly at the pre-test, in the post-test higher percentages of women (97%) than men (95%) responded correctly. In addition, 98% of participants reported that the presentation was clear, 85% would like to learn more about Chagas Disease, and 100% would like to be screened. Conclusion Results indicate the positive impact that an educational intervention may have on the knowledge about the disease. Considering the high percentage of Hispanic immigrants in US, increasing awareness of Chagas disease may contribute in the prevention and early detection of the disease among this high-risk population. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Tang, Yubo, Jennifer Carns, Timothy Quang, Enrique M. Reina, Susana Gonzalez, Daniel G. Rosen, Sharmila Anandasabapathy, and Rebecca R. Richards-Kortum. "A Multimodal Optical Imaging Platform for the Early Detection of Gastric Malignancies." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 3_suppl (June 2016): 6s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.004820.
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Abstract 14 We developed a novel multimodal video endoscope and evaluated its usefulness for the early detection of gastric neoplastic lesions. The imaging platform is a modified upper GI endoscope capable of white light imaging (WLI), widefield vital-dye fluorescence imaging (VFI) and high-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) in a single endoscopic insertion. A custom filter module is attached to the distal tip of the endoscope to enable VFI; HRME is performed by introducing a fiber optic probe through the endoscope working channel. Proflavine, a vital dye that stains nuclei is used to provide image contrast in both VFI and HRME. VFI images of proflavine stained tissue reveal the glandular patterns of the gastric mucosa, while HRME images reveal nuclear morphology with subcellular resolution. The performance of the platform was evaluated in a pilot study to image 35 patients with known or suspected gastric cancer undergoing either endoscopy or surgical resection. Patients were recruited at Mount Sinai Hospital, NY, and Hospital Evangelico in Siguatepeque, Honduras. For each patient, images were acquired with WLI, VFI and HRME sequentially during endoscopy. Images of neoplasia show disruption and effacement of glandular patterns. These alterations are visualized with enhanced contrast in VFI when compared to WLI; HRME images presenting the nuclear architecture at a subcellular level confirm these findings. Results suggest that this multimodal imaging platform can potentially enable a two-step protocol for early gastric cancer detection, wherein suspicious areas are red flagged with improved contrast using VFI, and then further imaged with HRME to confirm whether neoplasia is present based on changes in nuclear morphology. Given the convenient adaptation of the system design to other commercial endoscopes and the low cost of HRME (< $2,500), the utility of this multimodal imaging platform should be further evaluated in in vivo studies and low-resource settings. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Yubo Tang No relationship to disclose Jennifer Carns No relationship to disclose Timothy Quang No relationship to disclose Enrique M. Reina No relationship to disclose Susana Gonzalez No relationship to disclose Daniel G. Rosen Research Funding: Biotheragnostics Sharmila Anandasabapathy Honoraria: Medial Medical Rebecca R. Richards-Kortum Consulting or Advisory Role: Janssen Global Services Research Funding: Merck
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Soler Hidalgo, Maria L., John M. Abbamonte, Laura Regalini, Mariana Schlesinger, Maria L. Alcaide, and Gordon M. Dickinson. "1650. Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Influenza Vaccination Among Hispanics: A Survey Conducted in Latin American Consulates in South Florida." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1514.
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Abstract Background Each year Influenza causes between 12,000 and 56,000 deaths, and over half a million of hospitalizations in the United States. Despite the widespread availability of vaccination, immunization coverage is low. Less than half of American adults receive the influenza vaccine, and there is a disparity between Hispanic and non-Hispanics, with only 35.9% of Hispanic compared with 45.9% of white non-Hispanics receiving the vaccine. In Miami, South Florida, over two-thirds of the population is Hispanic, and rates of influenza vaccination are low. This study aims to identify the knowledge and attitudes toward influenza vaccination among members of the adult Hispanic community in Miami, and to identify barriers to vaccination in this population. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted during the influenza season in 2017 and 2019 (October to December). A survey was administered in the waiting rooms of participating Latin American Consulates (Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay) in Miami. Participants included were older than 18 years, Hispanic, and with residence in the United States for more than 6 months. The participants accepted the inform consent orally. The survey was voluntary and anonymous. Results We enrolled 970 adults. The median age was 43 years, 50% were male, 60% had health insurance, and 67% had completed education of high school or higher. Knowledge regarding influenza and vaccination was low (78% believed asymptomatic individuals could transmit influenza, 14% knew that vaccination is recommended during the winter months, 50% felt not everyone should be vaccinated, 25% believed the vaccine causes influenza, and 7% autism). About one quarter (27%) received the influenza vaccine annually, 35% sometimes, and 38% never. Using multinomial logistic regression, we identified age χ2(2) = 19.38, P < 0.001, consulate χ2(6) = 160.21, P < 0.001, and insurance status χ2(2) = 23.04, P < 0.001 as predictors of receiving vaccination. Neither gender, nor education level found to be associated with vaccination behavior. Conclusion Immunization rates in the adult Hispanic population are low. Interventions to improve vaccination among Hispanics who are older and lack of health insurance are urgently needed in the diverse Hispanic community. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Domachowske, Joseph B., Veronique Bianco, Ana Ceballos, Luis Cousin, Ulises D’Andrea, Ilse Dieussaert, Janet A. Englund, et al. "2855. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in Cord Blood and Serum from Infants up to 2 Years of Age in a Multinational Prospective Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S74—S75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz359.160.
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Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) during infancy worldwide. High cord blood (CB) concentrations of anti-RSV neutralizing antibody (nAb) may attenuate, delay, or prevent infant infection. We report RSV A and B nAb concentrations in CB and serum from a birth cohort at different time points through 2 years of age. Methods Between 2013 and 2017, newborns from 8 countries were studied prospectively from birth to 2 years of age (NCT01995175). CB was collected at birth for the entire cohort. A subcohort of children was randomly assigned to have one blood sample collected again at either 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, or 24 months of age. Sera were analyzed for RSV A and B nAb concentrations by serum neutralization assay. Active surveillance was used to identify LRTIs during the 2-year follow-up as previously reported. Results In total, 2,401 newborns were enrolled and followed up. >99% of infants had detectable CB RSV A and B nAb. Geometric mean antibody titers (GMTs) varied by country, but were overall higher for RSV B than for RSV A (327 vs. 251; Figure 1). The lowest GMTs were seen from CB sera collected from South African newborns (197 RSV A, 255 RSV B); Canadian newborns had the highest RSV A GMT (383), while Hondurans had the highest RSV B GMT (460). 1380 infants provided follow-up serum nAb results as part of the subcohort (Figure 2). Dramatic waning of GMTs was evident, with a ~3-fold drop in GMTs at 2 months of age, and an additional ~2-fold drop between 2 and 4 months of age. At 6 and 12 months of age, 71% and 50% of infants had RSV A nAb and GMTs were at a nadir of 14. At 6, 12, and 18 months of age, RSV B nAb was detected in 98%, 69%, and 63% of infants, respectively. The RSV B nAb nadir GMT of 20 was observed at 12 months of age, while the 6- and 18-month RSV B nAb GMTs were 30 and 31, respectively. A total of 1,017 LRTIs were identified during the 2-year study period; of which, 94 (9%) were caused by RSV A and 132 (13%) by RSV B. Associations between CB nAb levels and RSV infection will be presented. Conclusion Neutralizing Ab to RSV A and B was present at birth in infants from 8 countries, and waned over time. GMTs were at a nadir at 6 to 12 months of age. Funding. GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.
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Pérez-Sales, Pau, and Chris Dominey. "Introduction to Volume 29, Issue 3." Torture Journal 29, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v29i3.117774.
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We close Volume 29 with an issue of Torture Journal focused on measuring processes and results, a subject that has always been considered a priority for the sector. There is a dearth of studies on long-term follow-up to assess rehabilitation success. The paper by Martin Hill and Mary Lynn Everson, “Indicators likely to contribute to clinical and functional improvement among survivors of politically-sanctioned torture” is unique in the length of post-treatment follow-up, and provides an innovative approach in the measurement of rehabilitation outcomes through a structured measure of functional aspects with an instrument designed at the Kovler Center in Chicago. In addition, in the framework of the interminable debate over whether clinical categories of psychiatric classifications respond effectively to the experience of torture victims, Marie Louison Vang and colleagues present in their paper “Testing the validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD among refugees in treatment using latent class analysis,” a validation study through multivariate models to distinguish between the classic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and the new Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in refugee and torture survivor populations. The results show that this new diagnosis not only complements the previous one but both approaches represent an improved nosological classification and definition of the experiences of torture survivors. Kim Baranowski and collaborators, in their paper, “Experiences of gender-violence in women asylum seekers from Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala” propose, supported by the evidence gathered, that types of violence experienced by these women are multi-intersectional, and that restricted categorisation of the concept of torture can ignore the experiences of asylum-seeking women, whose lives, both in their countries of origin, in transit and in the host country, are persistently affected by structural, psychological and physical violence perpetrated by state and nonstate actors alike. Finally, Kristi Rendahland Pamela Kriege Santoso offer in their contribution “Organizational development with torture rehabilitation programs: An applied perspective,” a personal, non-data-driven text representing their experience in supporting the creation of torture victim centres in different countries within the framework of the CVT’s Partners in Trauma Healing (PATH) Project.In this last issue of the journal we would like to thank all the authors that have chosen Torture Journal as the platform to share their research. In particular, we extend our thanks to those anonymous reviewers who have devoted hours and effort to the indispensable task of giving us their critical and constructive view of the journal’s articles. Without them the publication would not be possible.We believe that this issue of the Torture Journal will undoubtedly provide many elements of reflection for our readers. We hope you enjoy reading it as much as we enjoyed preparing it.Torture Journal Editorial Team
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Baena, Verónica. "European franchise expansion into Latin America." Management Research Review 38, no. 2 (February 16, 2015): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-08-2013-0185.
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Purpose This study aims to enhance the knowledge that managers and scholars have on franchising expansion. In this sense, it is worth mentioning that although the body of literature on international management focusing on emerging markets is growing, the attention paid to the Latin American context continues to be limited. This is surprising given the substantive economic importance of the region with a population over 590 million, and a gross domestic product of approximately US$5 trillion. To cover this gap, the present study examines how a number of market conditions may drive diffusion of franchising into Latin America: geographical distance, cultural distance, political stability and economic development. The authors also controlled for the host country’s market potential, transparency, unemployment rate and efficiency of contract enforcement. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative approach applied to a sample of 77 Spanish franchisors operating through 4,064 franchisee outlets across 21 Latin American countries in late 2012. They are: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and Venezuela. Findings Results conclude that geographical distance between the host and home countries, as well as the level of host country’s political stability, economic development, market potential and transparency are able to drive the spread of international franchising across Latin American nations. Research limitations/implications This study provides readers with a general overview of the current state of global franchising diffusion overseas. Results obtained in this study are useful for understanding and predicting the demand for franchising in Latin American countries. Practical implications Economics reports argue that by 2050, the largest economies in the world will be China, the USA, India, Brazil and Mexico. This fact highlights the substantive importance of Latin America for foreign investors willing to expand their business abroad. In an attempt to give insights from the Latin American context, the present paper develops and tests a model that can be useful to franchisors willing to establish new outlets in the region. In addition, our findings offer guidance to firm managers seeking to target their franchises in Latin America. Franchisors may then use the results of this study as a starting point for identifying such regions whose characteristics best meet their needs of expansion. Originality/value This paper explores how market conditions may drive international diffusion of franchising into Latin American markets. The scant theoretical or empirical attention given to this topic has usually been examined from the USA and British base and focused on developed markets. To fill this gap, the present study analyzes the international spread of the Spanish franchise system into Latin America as a market for franchising expansion.
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Person, Anna K., Fernanda Maruri, Ellen Brazier, Juan G. Sierra Madero, Vanessa Rouzier, Gabriela Carriquiry, Vivian I. Avelino-Silva, et al. "475. Describing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV care in Latin America." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S303—S304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.668.
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Abstract Background The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV (PWH) are unknown. Beyond SARS-CoV-2 co-infection, the pandemic may have devastating consequences for HIV care delivery. Understanding these is crucial as reduced antiretroviral therapy (ART) availability alone could lead to ≥500,000 AIDS-related deaths in 2020–2021. With Latin America now a focal point in the pandemic, we sought to describe the impact of COVID-19 on HIV care at Latin American clinical sites. Methods Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology (CCASAnet) and additional Brazilian HIV care sites in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, and Peru were included. An electronic survey of COVID-19 effects on HIV clinic operations was administered in Spanish or English via phone and email, April 28-June 2, 2020. We also compared national COVID-19 case, mortality, and policy data from public sources. Results Brazil’s and Mexico’s epidemics appear most pronounced, with >10,000 confirmed COVID-19-related deaths (Figure 1); countries implemented “social distancing” policies at different times after initial cases, with Haiti earliest and Mexico latest (Figure 2). Nearly all 13 sites reported decreased hours and providers for HIV care. Twelve of 13 reported increased use of telehealth, suspension/postponements of routine HIV appointments, and/or suspension of HIV research. Eleven of 13 reported initiation of new COVID-19 research but suspension of community HIV testing, and nearly half provided additional ART supplies. Nearly 70% reported impacts on HIV viral load testing and nearly 40% reported personal protective equipment stock-outs (Table). All 13 sites experienced changes in resources/services in tandem with national policies; there was wide variation, however, in the number of economic and health supports implemented thus far (e.g., quarantines, tax deferrals, interest rate reductions, etc.), from 172 COVID-19-related policies in Brazil to only 30 in Mexico. Table Site Assessment of Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV services in Latin America at CCASAnet and Coorte Sites, N=13 Figure 1. Cumulative mortality due to COVID-19 in countries within which CCASAnet and Coorte sites are located Figure 1 footnote: Source for mortality counts: the WHO COVID-19 Dashboard, available at: https://covid19.who.int/ All data were up-to-date as of, and were accessed on, June 17th, 2020 Figure 2. Cumulative cases of COVID-19 in countries within which CCASAnet and Coorte sites are located and dates (relative to the day on which the first positive case of COVID-19 was detected) of general social distancing, public health emergency, or mass quarantine policy introduction (vertical dashed lines), 2020 Figure 2 footnote: Source for case counts: the WHO COVID-19 Dashboard, available at: https://covid19.who.int/ Source for health policy implementation: the United Nations Economic Council for Latin America & the Caribbean, available at: https://cepalstat-prod.cepal.org/forms/covid-countrysheet/index.html All data were up-to-date as of, and were accessed on, June 17th, 2020 Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has already had a substantial effect on daily operations of HIV clinics in Latin America. The downstream effects of these impacts on HIV outcomes in Latin America will need to be further studied. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Porta-Puglia, A., N. Pucci, G. Di Giambattista, and A. Infantino. "First Report of Rhizopycnis vagum Associated with Tomato Roots in Italy." Plant Disease 85, no. 11 (November 2001): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.11.1210a.
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Field surveys were made in several central and southern Italian tomato-growing areas for Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, the cause of corky root of tomato. In addition to P. lycopersici, a different fungus was frequently isolated from roots showing typical corky root symptoms, even after disinfestation of diseased roots with 0.1% (vol/wt) mercury chloride water solution for 1 min. The fungus was isolated from primary and secondary tomato roots in 8 of 21 fields visited. The isolates were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA), with morphological features such as color and shape of mature conidia and pycnidia, type of conidiogenesis, presence of microsclerotia, and color of colony underside noted. Preliminary identification of the fungus was Rhizopycnis vagum Farr. To confirm the identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of one isolate (maintained at the ISPaVe collection at the authors' address and available on request as isolate ER 940) was amplified with two universal primers, ITS5 and ITS4. The ITS fragment was sequenced, and the nucleotide sequence compared with that of R. vagum deposited in GenBank (Accession No. AF022786). Both sequences were identical supporting the identification. R. vagum is a recently described species associated with the vine decline syndrome of melon in the United States, Guatemala, Honduras (2), and Spain (3). Eight isolates were tested for pathogenicity both on tomato (five cultivars) and melon (three cultivars) using two methods. In method 1, plantlets at the cotyledonary stage were grown on blotter in petri dishes and tested by placing a 6-mm plug of colonized PDA on the tap root (1). After 7 days, the plug was removed, and the roots were checked for symptoms. In method 2, 20-day-old seedlings were transferred to pots with infested soil (50,000 CFU/g of soil) and grown for 45 days before the roots were checked for each isolate-cultivar combination. Eight and four plants were used in tests 1 and 2, respectively. With the first method, rotten, pinkish lesions with different extensions from the inoculation point were observed on all the melon cultivars tested (Pamir, Cantalupo di Charentais, and Charme). On tomato, three of eight isolates caused root necrosis of limited extent, without pinkish discolorations at the inoculation site on cvs. Monalbo and Bonnie Best, the former showing the larger lesions. The tests on plants grown in infested soil confirmed pathogenicity on both host species, although the symptoms were of minor intensity (light, small brown lesions on secondary roots, no pinkish discoloration). The symptomatic plantlets ranged from 0 to 100% on both hosts in the petri dish tests and from 0 to 100% and 0 to 50%, respectively, for tomato and melon in the pot tests, varying according to the cultivar-isolate combination. The fungus was consistently reisolated from all symptomatic plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. vagum associated with tomato roots. Although the isolates showed varying degrees of virulence with respect to host species (all being pathogenic at least on one host), the virulence of R. vagum on tomato was certainly low. Nevertheless, tomato may maintain or possibly increase inoculum for melon, which often follows tomato in Italian crop rotations. References: (1) M. Clerjeau and M. Conus. Annu. Rev. Phytopatol. 5:143, 1973. (2) D. F. Farr et al. Mycologia 90:290, 1998. (3) J. García-Jiménez et al. EPPO Bull. 30:169, 2000.
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Kelman, Vitalii, Attila Ponevac, and Oksana Korolovych. "Rationalization of network retail management with a shift trading function based on the mathematical description of processes in the mass service area." Economic Annals-ХХI 190, no. 5-6(2) (July 10, 2021): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v190-13.
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The authors highlight the high priority of rationalization in the management of the totality of transactions carried out in the sphere of network retail, in close contact with the service consumer. For network retail objects with a shift trading function, it is important to implement a direct and permanent impact, both on the system structure and on the basic processes in the area of mass trade services. This impact focuses on studying the flow of requests, service inputs and outputs of the system, as well as the length of waiting times, and the length of queues. The success of development in such retail networks depends on the flexibility of the operations performed by the contractor in close contact with the service consumer. It is envisaged to consider peculiarities in the rationalization of network retail management with trade turnover (flexibility) functions. The latter define the structure of the service delivery system for service consumers with processes running, in which client demands for services, as defined in the income chain, even though the intensity of the customer service flow is not constant. The purpose of the research is to present the informative field for rationalization in network retail management with the function of shifting trade, based on the mathematical description and repeated «playing» of all processes within the area of mass service. To represent the informative area for rationalization in network retail management with a shift trading function based on a mathematical description and repeated play of all processes within the public service area, Methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics have been used, as well as cloud computing in AnyLogic Claud environment, AnyLogic service. The results of the study was the presentation of new possibilities for rationalizing network retail management by groups of network objects based on the concept of a mass service area, and in view of the fact that there is an n-channel system of mass service with an unlimited queue, where the request flow has the intensity λ, and the service flow is the intensity μ. The study was implemented with the example of one of the hubs Walmart-Salvador, uniting 90 supermarkets of the company. All Walmart hubs combine only the same supermarket type, supporting the trade changeover function within a single graph (half-yearly). Similar Walmart hubs are developed in Mexico, Great Britain, Brazil, China, Canada, South Africa, Chile, Japan, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Argentina, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Ukraine. At the same time, all network nodes contain objects that apply multi-channel service systems, most common in the network retail with an unlimited queue and an option to add a new service node. It is the Walmart-Salvador hub that has a fairly high percentage of customers’ refusals due to the busy service devices (this estimate ranging from 19% to 25%). As a result, Walmart’s lost annual profit reaches up to USD 25.5 million approximately. The rationalization in the management of the network retail for the Walmart-Salvador hub objects is implemented with a breakdown into 8 groups, united according to common input parameters, the latter providing a solution for the optimal number of service devices, and their required reserve and runoff are calculated, as well as efficient productivity resulting from the consistency of the input and output flows in the service channel and the stability in the mass service system. At the same time, programming for solving the problem of the management rationalization is realized using rate fixing for the basic processes in the area of mass service. In this way, mass service system sustainability is ensured, with the average timing for the application staying in the mass service system being crucial. In particular, implementing such a standard could allow avoiding losses caused by waiting for servicing and unproductive ones. Among other relevant factors are: associated timing, probability or other values (necessary for transformation operations in the characteristics of the mass service area, performed for generating target values of this indicator). Perspectives of implementing the mathematical description of the processes in a mass-service area are in the fact that it will provide for significantly simplification in the processes of rationalizing the retail management in shift-trading facilities, regardless of the frequency of quantity and quality product range changes.
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Tremethick, Mary, and Eileen Smit. "Honduran Nurses’ Work-Related Rewards and Challenges: Implications for International Service Learning and Collaboration." OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 19, no. 2 (February 21, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol19no02ppt01.
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Honduras is a frequent destination for service-learning initiatives, including medical missions and study abroad programs. Much is known about how healthcare providers can prepare generally for medical missions and about how educators can prepare students for international immersion experiences, (i.e. study abroad programs) in countries such as Honduras. However, little is known specifically about the Honduran nurses with whom healthcare providers and students work. Yet such knowledge is important for developing collaborative partnerships between Honduran nurses and both study abroad and medical mission participants. In this article, the authors describe the current status of healthcare in Honduras and their study to learn about the work of Honduran nurses. They present their data analysis and findings, discuss Honduran nurses’ challenges and internal rewards, and offer implications and suggestions for future international service learning initiatives. They conclude that understanding the experiences, perceptions, and needs of nurses in international settings is critical for developing collaborative partnerships that meet the goals for all the members of the partnership.
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Seeley, Charles, Elida Florentina Sierra Solórzano, Karen Ramirez, Norbertina Alvarez Osorno, Mary Maldonado, and Lenis Garcia. "Ripples of Change in Honduran Communities." Journal of Scholarly Engagement 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.9743/jeo.2019.2.1.2.
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Electronic news media from around the world declare the problem: “Honduran migrant group treks north as US calls for tighter borders” (Palencia, 2018), and “Trump warns Honduras over migrant caravan now in Guatemala” (Perez, 2018). Thousands flee poverty and crime in Honduras to pursue the dream of a better life in the US; a life that few of these determined migrants will ever enjoy. While it is commendable that news outlets highlight this dire situation, few will publish stories of those who remain in Honduras, overcome the day-to-day challenges, and take steps to change their lives, the lives of family members, the lives of community members, and ultimately the country of Honduras. This community engagement portfolio fills a gap in the literature and in the global news media. This paper describes a portfolio of community engagement initiatives that begins at The Leadership Center in rural Honduras with ripples continuing out to communities across Honduras. Three graduates and two students of The Leadership Center serve as co-authors on this paper, telling their personal stories and the stories of their engagement in their communities.
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Sealey, Lorinda, and Donna Hathorn. "The Lived Experience of Honduran and USA Nursing Students Working Together in a Study Abroad Program." Qualitative Report, December 1, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2014.1205.
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Nursing study abroad is one approach to preparing student nurses to work more effectively in international environments as well as at home with culturally diverse clients. These programs foster self-reflection by permitting students to spend considerable time immersed in different cultures, thus exposing them to clients with different health beliefs and values. The authors of this transformational phenomenological study examined the lived experience of American and Honduran nursing students working collaboratively during a nursing study abroad program. One-time audio-recorded semi structured interviews were conducted to gather data from American and Honduran students. Six themes emerged: Communication (i.e., language and communication patterns), the cultural environment, and sharing/learning were common themes to both groups; among Hondurans, validation/empowerment and the nursing experience emerged as important themes, while transformation was the theme unique to American students. These findings support previous research regarding the importance of study abroad programs in the development of cultural competence, and suggest directions for nurse educators to prepare nurses who can function in an increasingly globalized health care environment. These findings also highlight the merits of this collaborative approach to nursing study abroad and they provide the foreign hosts’ unique perspective regarding their experiences working with American nursing students. The study results also indicate the need for further research on collaborative experiences with foreign and American health care partners and the perspective of the participants of other countries.
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Monge-Nájera, Julián, and Yuh-Shan Ho. "Bibliometrics of Honduras publications in the Science Citation Index Expanded." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 2 (March 27, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i2.25893.
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Honduras is the second largest country in Central America, but 63 % of its population lives in poverty and it is the Central American country with less scientific journals. Even though Honduras has been included in general studies about Latin American science, there are no specific bibliometric studies about the productivity of the country, so this is the first formal study about the most productive institutions, fields and authors in Honduras. The Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Web of Science Core Collection was used to collect the bibliographic data. There are no Honduras publications from 1903 to 1972 in SCI-EXPANDED. Honduras publications from 1973 to 2015 were further analyzed. A total of 1 146 Honduras publications with 13 document types in the Science Citation Index Expanded from 1973 to 2015 were found. Nearly 95 % of the articles in the database are in English, suggesting that articles in this language have the greatest visibility in the database, similar to other Central American countries. The countries with which Honduras publishes (e.g. Mexico, other Central American countries) follow the geographic and cultural affinity model, i.e. researchers tend to collaborate with colleagues that have similar culture or that are geographically close. This pattern has been found for other Central American countries. The focus of Honduran scientists in health and agriculture problems is typical on the less developed countries; on this respect Honduras is more similar to its closest neighbor, Nicaragua, than to smaller but more developed Central American countries like Panama and Costa Rica. Overall, the situation of scientific research and output in Honduras is improving, with more articles and citation in the SCIEXPANDED, and this positive trend should bring about benefits for the people of Honduras.
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Seeley, Charles P., and Joseph Rahm. "Women’s Leadership Development: A Reflective Examination of The Leadership Center in Honduras." Journal of Scholarly Engagement 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.9743/jse.2020.3.1.6.
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The opportunity behind this specific reflective practice is the transition of senior leadership of The Leadership Center in Honduras. The outgoing executive director, a U.S. missionary, is returning to the US with his family. A successful transition is critically important to all stakeholders because of the significant impact that The Leadership Center is having on young Honduran women and their communities. The authors applied the techniques of reflective practice and the literature of women’s leadership development to analyze two major areas of practice for The Leadership Center: (1) values, and (2) women’s leadership development. This reflective practice seeks to explore and address two critical questions. First, how well are we living out the stated values of The Leadership Center, and what can we do to live out our values more fully (Leitch & Day, 2000; Whitehead, 1989)? Second, how can we improve the practice of women’s leadership development at The Leadership Center (Leitch & Day, 2000; Whitehead, 1989)? The outcome of this reflective practice will be a valuable element in the transition process and will serve as a guide to improve the practice of women’s leadership development at The Leadership Center.
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Bautista Alcantara, Lizbeth Fabiola, Don E. Wilson, and Manfredo A. Turcios-Casco. "Annotations on the taxonomy of the opossums (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) of Honduras." Mammalia, June 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2022-0027.
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Abstract Information about opossums in Honduras has been scarce. Although there have been sporadic records of species, it was not clear which and how many species were occurring in the country because of taxonomic discussions and the group being understudied. Over the years, different authors studying mammals in Honduras have accepted or rejected the occurrence of some didelphid species. Herein we discuss the species of opossums occurring for Honduras based on taxonomic and distribution changes according to Voss, R.S. and Jansa, S.A. Opossums: an adaptive radiation of new world marsupials. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press (2021) latest reviews for opossum species.
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"Reciprocity in the Practice of Publicly Engaged Scholarship: Reflections from a Transnational Literacy Project." eJournal of Public Affairs 6, no. 2 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21768/ejopa.v6i2.6.
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In this article, the authors examine the concept of “reciprocity” in publicly engaged literacy scholarship. The idea of reciprocity suggests that projects using a publicly engaged research model should comprise two-way partnerships that strive to balance benefits to the researcher and to community partners. The authors (a researcher and a community partner) explore this dynamic by considering their own experiences working on projects with groups of youth in Honduras and in the United States. The groups shared their cultures and experiences through writing and technology, and challenged ideas about security and public space. Given the national, racial, cultural, economic, linguistic, and power dynamics inherent in these publicly engaged scholarship projects, reciprocity was a theme to which the authors paid close attention and about which they were in constant discussion. The authors address a series of questions about reciprocity and scholarship, and find that through their experiences they have learned to define both concepts in ways that are not traditionally measurable and cannot be mapped out as directional.
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Arroyo Carvajal, Yordan. "Poéticas abyalenses en Centroamérica: propuesta de análisis literario en el contexto de las revistas digitales (Parte I)." Repertorio Americano, no. 33 (May 31, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ra.1-33.9.
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This research makes a proposal for a literary analysis of what is referred to here as the “abyalense poetics in Central America”,from the context of digital magazines. The study considers four digital magazines, New York Poetry Review, Ajkö Ki, Círculo de Poesía, and Altazor, and two poets per region. The cases of Nicaragua, Belize and Honduras are pending for the second part. In total there are sixty poems by authors from Costa Rica (Leonardo Porras Cabrera and Mariana Bejarano), Guatemala (Miguel Ángel Oxlaj Cúmez and Rosa Chávez), El Salvador (Guadalupe Estrada and Paula López), and Panama (Aiban Wagua and Arysteides Turpana). Categories such as indigenous, ladino and indigenist poetry and literary polysystem are developed and considered. As part of the results, different phenomena and aesthetic proposals are mentioned, among them, related to cases of linguistic hybridization, bilingualism, monolingualism, cosmovisions, ethnic resistance, and denunciation. It also opens the space for new proposals on this subject, exposes the lack of an anthology of contemporary Central American Abyalense poetics and presents some limitations of interest for future works.
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Cañón, Camino. "Descorrer un Velo: el Sustrato Cristiano de la Concepción Educativa de Mercedes Muñoz-Repiso." REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación 8, no. 2 (July 3, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/reice2010.8.2.007.
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En estas páginas la autora utiliza el método del paradigma indicial como instrumento de inspiración y situar en un doble marco interpretativo algunos de los escritos de Mercedes Muñoz-Repiso. Sin pretender obtener un dibujo con perfiles nítidos de Mercedes como mujer creyente, ni de probar su pertenencia al proyecto educativo de Pedro Poveda, la autora encuentra indicios suficientes para mostrar la hondura apasionada de una mujer de fe profunda y el aire de familia povedana inconfundible que reflejan sus escritos. Descriptores: Pedro Poveda, educación y espiritualidad, humanismo cristiano, educación cristiana. The teaching of the Compared Education in Spain. History and Presence in EducationThe article elaborates a brief route through the history of teaching Compared Education in Spain, and marks respect to all the people who as Mercedes Muñoz-Repiso have contributed to the development of this subject. The authors finalize with some reflections on the future of the Comparative Education after its first review of the study plans.Keywords: Pedro Poveda, education and spirituality, Christian humanism, Christian education.
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"Preface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2699, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2699/1/011001.
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The 4th Edition of the International Altamira Materials and Devices Encounter (EMDA 4) was successfully held in hybrid format, on November 16th and 17th, 2023 with 196 participants on-site at CICATA Altamira, and ca. 180 participants online. The Scientific Program included 13 invited conferences from around the globe, with researchers from Malaysia, India, Azerbaijan, Romania, United Kingdom, Morocco, USA, Honduras, Mexico, Colombia giving their talks in four sessions (Semiconductors, Modelling, Materials and Engineering and Physical Sciences). Six Workshops were imparted: Elemental Analysis by X-ray Fluorescence, Production of Biobatteries from Plants, Creation of Metamaterials by 3D Printing, Introduction to AI for Materials Science, Electrochemical Methods of Analysis, ANSYS Mechanic Introductory Training. Graduate and undergraduate students benefited from these Workshops, which were also transmitted by YouTube live as well as the rest of the activities of the Conference. https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9d20U28c14xN3a1uvGW8-Tbrulu8-HOD&si=-X2PIPFe5gMoh32X A hybrid poster session with 46 posters showing the groundbreaking results of researchers and students was done. The submissions provided the public with a broad view of physics, semiconductors, materials, batteries, engineering applications, mathematical and computational science methods, novel concepts, ideas, and tools. The best posters were judged by a multidisciplinary jury, in two categories: Materials and Devices. The list of winners is depicted in this book. There were 43 conference paper submissions, and after a strict, double-blinded peer review process, 23 papers were selected by the Editor to be published in this volume. A total of 11 reviewers participated in this conference, who provided their professional and objective feedback to the authors to ensure the quality of the manuscripts according to the IOP Editorial’s Guidelines. The accepted papers are grouped into three general topics, i.e. Engineering Applications, Batteries/Supercapacitors and Semiconductors. The papers entitled “nS1-xSex alloy deposition by RF magnetron co-sputtering for potential photoelectrochemical applications”, “Wide-angle microwave attenuation response of a multilevel metastructure based on rGO/Fe3O4/PPy: an in-silicon study”, “Wastewater treatment from graphene oxide synthesis process”, “Physicochemical characterization of urban dust in Southern Tamaulipas using X-ray fluorescence”, “Delignification and characterization of Tule (Typha Dominguensis) for its potential use in the production of green concrete”, won the best materials poster and the paper entitled “Open Source electronic system with OLED screen monitoring of Plant Based Batteries”, “One-bit register based on 180nm CMOS technology”, “Optoelectronic system for measuring sugar content in citrus fruit” won the best devices poster after being reviewed by the session’s jury at the conference. A special acknowledgement is given to Instituto Politecnico Nacional through its Secretaria de Investigacion y Posgrado, from which financial support was possible to waive the fees for this event including the fees for paper publication, which was of capital importance because the highest participation was from graduate and undergraduate students. The kind sponsorship of SCM, SATELSA, and Soporte Analitico Especializado for the Conference banners and specific logistic needs, is kindly granted. Acknowledgements are also given to the Conference Staff, composed of CICATA Altamira and UV students who were the success factor of the Conference. The Organizers also grant the support from CICATA Altamira for the use of their facilities and the all the event logistics, as well as to the effort of the Scientific Program and Technical Committees, who did a great job preparing the event, contacting the Lecturers, confectioning the Program, reviewing the posters and the papers and making valuable suggestions for the authors to improve their work. We also would like to express our gratitude to the external reviewers, who kept the quality of the submitted papers and qualified the presented posters. Finally, on behalf of the Organizing Committees, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to all participants and speakers who contribute to make this event a great success. Looking forward to seeing you in 2025! Organizing Committee of EMDA 4th 2023 List of Organizing Comittee, Conference Chair, Program Chair, Program Co-chairs, Steering Committee, Support Committee/Conference Staff and Organizations are available in this pdf.