Academic literature on the topic 'Honduras film'

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To provide students an opportunity to select health care-oriented course work that reflects both their interests and the increasingly diverse spectrum of health professions education and health care careers. To increase the opportunity for students to enter professional schools and health care professions with enhanced engagement and experience. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The 4-credit elective (Selective) curriculum is a component of the 38 credit Duke School of Medicine Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences (MBS) program which is completed over 10.5 months. Students work closely with their advisors to choose activities that reflect their interests. Selectives are offered by an array of schools, institutes, and programs within Duke University, including: the School of Medicine, School of Law, Global Health Institute, Bioethics and Science Policy Master Program, Clinical Research Training Program, Center for Documentary Studies, and Medical Informatics. Students may also pursue directed studies in areas such as health policy, or an inter-professional trip to Honduras. In addition to the course-based Selectives, three research practicum options are offered: Community Engagement, Clinical Research (Duke Office of Clinical Research), and a self-selected mentored research experience. Finally, the MBS program offers 2 in-house specific Selectives: Fundamentals of Learning: Theory and Practice, and Planning for Health Professions Education. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The MBS program accepted its first cohort of students in June 2015. Two cohorts have graduated and the third has begun (n=30, 2016; n=42, 2017; n=43 enrolled, 2018). Our students come from diverse background with a third from populations historically underrepresented in STEM due to race/ethnicity, and another third underrepresented due to other factors such as low socioeconomic status, first generation to college, LGBQT, and those from rural and immigrant communities. Thus far, Selective distribution has been: Clinical research practicum (7, 2016; 14, 2017; 9, 2018); Mentored research practicum (2, 2016; 1, 2017); Community engagement practicum (7, 2016; 4, 2017; 5, 2018); Planning for health professions educations (14, 2016; 32, 2017; 33, 2018), Fundamentals of learning: Theory and Practice (7, 2016; 17, 2017; 18, 2018); documentary film (1, 2016); inter-professional trip to Honduras (2, 2016, 2, 2017). Since the implementation of the curriculum, at least 53 of 70 students who have applied (76%) were admitted to health professions or other graduate schools despite having lower initial MCAT and undergraduate GPAs in aggregate than the average of students who matriculate to allopathic medical school programs: 41 to medical schools, 3 to dental school, 2 each to osteopathic and physician assistant schools and 1 each to physical therapy, business school and law school. Eighteen of the 2016 graduates, and 21 of the 2017 graduates work in research for their gap year following graduation, the majority being employed in our institution’s research programs providing a pipeline of trained research assistants and coordinators. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Lessons learned by implementing our curriculum include the following: (1) students are eager to explore different areas of health care; (2) collaboration across schools, centers, departments, institutes, and offices increases our ability to identify common areas of interest; (3) implementing a diverse curriculum can be challenging due to the need for significant organization and planning; (4) the diversity of courses can be a source of confusion when there is a lack of standardization in learner expectations; (5) continued collaboration across, schools, centers, institutes programs, health professions and sections requires a significant amount of time and expertise. However, our programs demonstrate significant positive impacts both on students and at the institutional level. Our program shows that a diverse curriculum leads to a high number of students engaged in pursuing and successfully continuing a health profession education. Institutional benefits include a robust pipeline for a diverse research workforce.

<p>La realidad sociológica resalta que más de la mitad de la población de Honduras vive en la pobreza, desigualdad y discriminación, y que, a pesar de los esfuerzos nacionales por la superación de esa situación, sigue prevaleciendo y es agravada por altos niveles de violencia, delincuencia, en particular, narcoactividad, crimen organizado, corrupción e impunidad. Esa situación real contrasta con lo que ha buscado históricamente el Estado constitucional y lo que prescribe más amplia y expresamente la normativa fundamental formalmente vigente. En efecto, hay una patente contradicción entre la realidad hondureña y el fin superior del Estado y del derecho de proteger, respetar, defender y promover la dignidad humana, como fin supremo y premisa antropológica-cultural del Estado democrático de Derecho. Este artículo busca orientar hacia la eliminación de esa contradicción que es nugatoria del fin supremo constante e imperativo del Estado democrático de derecho en Honduras. Por misión institucional del Comisionado Nacional de los Derechos Humanos e iniciativa del autor de éste artículo<a title="" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Revista/Escritorio/sf%20Herrera%20Caceres-El%20fin%20supremo%20del%20Estado%20democr%C3%A1tico.docx#_ftn1">[1]</a>, se promueve, desde el año 2014, un excepcional movimiento social por la dignidad humana y la justicia social, en Honduras, que comprende principalmente, entre otros aspectos, el proceso en ejecución denominado “Municipios de Bienestar Solidario” que es estrategia propia de gobernabilidad democrática para superar esa disgregación entre el imperio del derecho y los hechos, a fin de hacer prevalecer la protección y el respeto de la dignidad humana, desde el nivel municipal, utilizando como instrumentos la cultura democrática y educación en derechos humanos, así como mecanismos universalmente reconocidos por las Naciones Unidas, en este siglo XXI; a saber: la seguridad humana y el desarrollo sostenible.</p><div><div><p> </p></div></div>

En el marco de la práctica profesional de la maestría en Ordenamiento y Gestión del Territorio, se desarrolló la creación de una Geodatabase en la Dirección General de Catastro y Geografía (DGCG), la que sería el comienzo para una base de datos más segura y organizada, que permita una mejor distribución de datos geográficos generando para ello una cartografía confiable y altamente calificada. La creación de la Geodatabase permitió ordenar archivos de la elaboración digital de las hojas cartográficas, mapas departamentales, mapas municipales, mapa oficial del territorio de Honduras y otros que se generan desde el departamento de cartografía de la DGCG.Para la creación de la Geodatabase se utilizo una metodología la cual consistió en un proceso secuencial de pasos que incluyen: generación de File Geodatabases, Feature data set y Features Class, seguido de la migración de datos digitales en formato shapefile elaborados en el programa Arc View al programa Arc Map de ESRI, en donde se encontraron archivos desde Shapefiles, Tablas, Raster y otros compatibles a la estructura de datos nativa. Al mismo tiempo se realizó una comparación de la base de datos creada con la ya existente, con el fin de detectar posibles deficiencias o mejoras potenciales tanto de la geodatabase como de la manera de creación de los archivos digitales generados dentro de la DGCG.Se concluye que la creación de una geodatabase para la DGCG permitirá a corto, mediano y largo plazo un manejo adecuado de la información, mejor edición, actualización y administración de datos geográficos del departamento de Cartografía de la DGCG.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 1 Primavera, 2015; 509-519

Faced with indifference: Visual representations that endorse utopian expectations turning dystopic. Every year, in an attempt to reach the United States, hundreds of thousands of undocumented migrants from Central America cross Mexico atop freight trains that are referred to by names such as “The Beast” or “The Train of Death.” Driven by extreme economic conditions, civil unrest and violence in their home countries, and, in some cases, the desire to reunite with relatives already living in the United States, adult individuals, families, and even unaccompanied children and adolescents embark on this perilous journey. In doing so, they risk falling victim to abuse, extortion, sexual assault, and other forms of violence at the hands of brutal gangs, organized crime, and corrupt officials. Many lose their lives. This study examines various aspects of the passage of undocumented Central American migrants through Mexico, viewing the situation from the perspective of human rights violations and social exclusion. It addresses the specifics and realities of the migrants’ dangerous journey north, and reviews the main factors that lead these people, who are mostly from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, to leave their home countries in search of better conditions and a chance to live what they regard as the American Dream. The experiences of Central American migrants have been the subject of several documentary films which provide both a narrative and visual representation of the journey north through Mexico. This study will analyze a series of documentaries as well as the feature films Sin nombre (2009) y La jaula de oro (2013) and consider whether the films accurately illustrate the harsh realities that undocumented migrants face while attempting to reach the United States and the extent to which they provide insight into their lives and experiences.

For reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) programs, it is particularly important that monitoring for emission reductions is tied to the revenues a developing country receives from REDD+ projects; any estimated uncertainties will have significant impacts on the emission reduction estimation and incentive scheme of REDD+. However, the effects of estimated uncertainties on incentives for developing countries have not been deeply discussed in the current literature. To fill this gap, two estimation approaches for emission reductions are introduced by considering the incentive coefficient by the principle of reliable minimum estimation. The relationship between estimated uncertainties and incentive coefficient is simulated to illustrate the effects of estimated uncertainties on the emission reduction estimation and incentive scheme. Data from six tropical developing countries are used, including Nigeria, Honduras, Indonesia, Cambodia, Ghana, and Brazil. The results indicate that both the errors of referential and actual carbon stock must be considered when estimating and predicting emission reductions. The effects of the error of actual carbon stock on the emission reduction estimation and incentive coefficient were determined to be more influential. The current incentive scheme was more favorable to developing countries with high carbon stock variability, while developing countries with low carbon stock variability had insufficient incentives to implement REDD+ project.

The development of rapid and specific diagnostic tests to identify individuals infected with malaria is of paramount importance in efforts to control the severe public health impact of this disease. This study evaluated the ability of a newly developed rapid malaria diagnostic test, OptiMAL (Flow Inc., Portland, Oreg.), to detect Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria during an outbreak in Honduras. OptiMAL is a rapid (10-min) malaria detection test which utilizes a dipstick coated with monoclonal antibodies against the intracellular metabolic enzyme parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). Differentiation of malaria parasites is based on antigenic differences between the pLDH isoforms. Since pLDH is produced only by live Plasmodium parasites, this test has the ability to differentiate live from dead organisms. Results from the OptiMAL test were compared to those obtained by reading 100 fields of traditional Giemsa-stained thick-smear blood films. Whole-blood samples were obtained from 202 patients suspected of having malaria. A total of 96 samples (48%) were positive by blood films, while 91 (45%) were positive by the OptiMAL test. The blood films indicated that 82% (79 of 96) of the patients were positive for P. vivax and 18% (17 of 96) were infected with P. falciparum. The OptiMAL test showed that 81% (74 of 91) were positive for P. vivaxand 19% (17 of 91) were positive for P. falciparum. These results demonstrated that the OptiMAL test had sensitivities of 94 and 88% and specificities of 100 and 99%, respectively, when compared to traditional blood films for the detection of P. vivax andP. falciparum malaria. Blood samples not identified by OptiMAL as malaria positive normally contained parasites at concentrations of less than 100/μl of blood. Samples found to containP. falciparum were further tested by two other commercially available rapid malaria diagnostic tests, ParaSight-F (Becton Dickinson, Cockeysville, Md.) and ICT Malaria P.f. (ICT Diagnostics, Sydney, Australia), both of which detect only P. falciparum. Only 11 of the 17 (65%) P. falciparum-positive blood samples were identified by the ICT and ParaSight-F tests. Thus, OptiMAL correctly identified P. falciparum malaria parasites in patient blood samples more often than did the other two commercially available diagnostic tests and showed an excellent correlation with traditional blood films in the identification of both P. vivax malaria and P. falciparum malaria. We conclude that the OptiMAL test is an effective tool for the rapid diagnosis of malaria.

We analyze migration and demographic changes among the six countries of North America (NA) and the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA, i.e. Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador). Together, they comprise a long-standing South-North migration stream, with the United States (US) and Canada being the main destinations for Mexico and the NTCA. Studies that analyze the demographic effects of international migration in origin and destination countries have been limited. In order to fill this gap and explain the implications of recent changes in migration trends and demographic dynamics of the six countries, we study the interrelationship between future changes in the age structure associated with different migration scenarios. We use data from the United Nations World Population Prospects 2017 to compare the main demographic indexes and age structure indicators under two prospective scenarios: with and without migration. Current and projected population dynamics suggest convergence in fertility below replacement levels, higher life expectancy, and an overall aging process in the NA-NTCA region. Future migration may slow down the aging process in Canada and the US, have a small effect in Mexico, and speed it up in El Salvador. Taking both the size of the populations and the decrease in young age groups for the main sending countries we have studied, it is unlikely that international migration to the US from Mexico and the NTCA will reach the historic peak observed during the first decade of the 21st century.

Resumen: Presentamos dos indagaciones preliminares sobre cine y Educación Artística. Primera, un estudio de caso de un niño sobre video espontáneo infantil (VEI) en un contexto familiar en Granada (España), que responde a la pregunta ¿qué vídeos produce la infancia de forma espontánea? Como conclusión inicial a partir de esta observación longitudinal no-participante sugerimos cinco fases: (a) exploración autónoma del aparato de grabación; (b) se actúa delante de la cámara fija; (c) la cámara sigue a la acción, se graba al mismo tiempo que se hace cualquier cosa; (d) imitación directa de sus ‘youtuberos’ preferidos; y (e) adopción de los usos videográficos adultos predominantes. La segunda es una ‘Investigación-Acción Participativa’ sobre la enseñanza del cine, que responde a la pregunta ¿cómo enseñar a ver y a hacer cine en la escuela? El contexto es un proyecto de cooperación educativa en Educación Artística que desarrollamos en tres escuelas de la ONG ‘Asociación Colaboración y Esfuerzo (ACOES) en Tegucigalpa. Las cuatro acciones son: ver películas completas, formación de técnicos proyeccionistas entre el propio alumnado de secundaria, creación de cine de animación a partir de N. MacLaren, en pequeños grupos, y formación del profesorado a partir de obras clásicas del cine español y hondureño. La principal conclusión es que ver y hacer vídeos forma parte del proceso de aculturación en las sociedades contemporáneas por lo que es necesario conocer mejor cuáles son los tipos y modos espontáneos de percepción y creación videográfica en edades escolares para poder mejorar los objetivos de aprendizaje del cine en la escuela. Palabras Clave: vídeo espontáneo infantil, cine de animación escolar, educación artística, cine hondureño y español. Abstract: We present two preliminary inquiries on cinema and Art Education. First, a case study of a child on ‘children's spontaneous video’ (VEI) in a family context in Granada (Spain), which answers the question: What videos does childhood produce spontaneously? As an initial conclusion from this non-participating longitudinal observation five phases can be indicated: (a) autonomous exploration of the recording apparatus; (b) acting in front of the fixed camera; (c) the camera follows the action, recording at the same time as doing anything; (d) direct imitation of its preferred 'youtubers'; and (e) imitation of predominant adult video narratives. The second is a 'Participatory Action Research' on the teaching of cinema, in school. The context is a project of educational cooperation in Art Education that we have been developing in three schools of the NGO ‘Association Collaboration and Effort’ (ACOES) in Tegucigalpa. The four actions are: watching complete films, training of projection technicians among the secondary school students, making animated films in small groups inspired in N. MacLaren, and teacher training on classic works of Spanish and Honduran cinema. The main conclusion is that watching and making videos is part of the process of acculturation in contemporary societies, so it is necessary to know the spontaneous modes of perception and video creation at school ages in order to improve the learning objectives of screen education. Keywords: spontaneous children's video, making animated video in school, art education, Spanish and Honduran cinema. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.10.14513 http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.10.14513

Con el desarrollo de este trabajo se logró organizar y generar una base de datos de la información contenida en el Archivo Técnico de la Institución (desde las primeras fotos tomadas, ortofotos, mapas, documentos, etc.). Se escogió en base a la sugerencia de los encargados del Archivo Técnico, el (Proyecto Catastro Nacional 1977) sirviendo este como base y guía para una ampliación del proyecto, con el objetivo de modernizar y tecnificar el archivo técnico de la institución. En la base de datos, se estableció la ubicación física (sobre, número de estante, fila, columna) de cada fotografía aérea del antiguo Proyecto Catastro Nacional 1977. Además en que ND y número de hoja cartográfica está ubicada (base de datos específica para las hojas cartográficas), así como establecer en que rollo de negativos está contenida. Cubriendo e integrando en esta base de datos todos los componentes que forman parte del archivo técnico. Comenzando con el análisis de las fotografías aéreas, ligándolos a los ND, Hojas cartográficas, sobres y rollos de negativos. La información obtenida con el uso de la base de datos del archivo técnico, optimiza el tiempo-recurso de la institución y personal técnico y facilita el desarrollo de investigaciones futuras al facilitar el acceso a la información cartográfica y datos. el desarrollo de este proyecto es vital ya que el material que se encuentra en el archivo técnico y que se ha incorporado en la base de datos es importante para el desarrollo de la Dirección General de Catastro y Geografía. Podemos considerar que entre las aplicaciones del proyecto en la Ordenación Territorial encontramos una relación directa ya que para poder efectuar planificación y ordenación del territorio necesitamos hacer uso de cartografía.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 2 Otoño, 2015; 152-162

Purpose This study aims to enhance the knowledge that managers and scholars have on franchising expansion. In this sense, it is worth mentioning that although the body of literature on international management focusing on emerging markets is growing, the attention paid to the Latin American context continues to be limited. This is surprising given the substantive economic importance of the region with a population over 590 million, and a gross domestic product of approximately US$5 trillion. To cover this gap, the present study examines how a number of market conditions may drive diffusion of franchising into Latin America: geographical distance, cultural distance, political stability and economic development. The authors also controlled for the host country’s market potential, transparency, unemployment rate and efficiency of contract enforcement. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative approach applied to a sample of 77 Spanish franchisors operating through 4,064 franchisee outlets across 21 Latin American countries in late 2012. They are: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and Venezuela. Findings Results conclude that geographical distance between the host and home countries, as well as the level of host country’s political stability, economic development, market potential and transparency are able to drive the spread of international franchising across Latin American nations. Research limitations/implications This study provides readers with a general overview of the current state of global franchising diffusion overseas. Results obtained in this study are useful for understanding and predicting the demand for franchising in Latin American countries. Practical implications Economics reports argue that by 2050, the largest economies in the world will be China, the USA, India, Brazil and Mexico. This fact highlights the substantive importance of Latin America for foreign investors willing to expand their business abroad. In an attempt to give insights from the Latin American context, the present paper develops and tests a model that can be useful to franchisors willing to establish new outlets in the region. In addition, our findings offer guidance to firm managers seeking to target their franchises in Latin America. Franchisors may then use the results of this study as a starting point for identifying such regions whose characteristics best meet their needs of expansion. Originality/value This paper explores how market conditions may drive international diffusion of franchising into Latin American markets. The scant theoretical or empirical attention given to this topic has usually been examined from the USA and British base and focused on developed markets. To fill this gap, the present study analyzes the international spread of the Spanish franchise system into Latin America as a market for franchising expansion.

In August of 1992, Hurricane Andrew battered south-eastern Florida, causing fifty-eight deaths, and more than $27 billion in property losses (National Climatic Data Center 1999). The following year, widespread flooding occurred within the Upper Mississippi River basin, inundating 5.3 million hectares during the worst flood to affect much of the region in this century. The Northridge earthquake (magnitude 6.7) led to sixty-one deaths and more than $20 billion in property damage and loss in 1994. A year later, Kobe, Japan, experienced a magnitude 6.9 earthquake. Despite massive efforts to prepare for such events, more than 6,000 lives were lost, and $150–200 billion in property damage was experienced. In 1998, Hurricane Mitch devastated Honduras, Nicaragua, and other parts of Central America. More than 5,600 people died in Honduras alone and approximately 70,000 homes were damaged. In Nicaragua, more than 850,000 people were affected, with approximately 2,860 deaths. Estimates of losses in agriculture, housing, transportation and other infrastructure are in excess of $1.3 billion dollars (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 1998). These are just a few, albeit particularly devastating, events that continued to focus our attention in the 1990s on hazards and disasters. The widespread news media coverage of these disaster events provided a backdrop for fictional portrayals as Hollywood rediscovered the disaster movie genre. With enhanced special effects and big-named stars, popular films such as Twister, Volcano, Dante’s Peak, Armageddon, Deep Impact, Titanic, and A Civil Action added a different slant to the media coverage of disasters and the public’s perception of hazards throughout the decade. The public’s interest and fascination in actual disasters also propelled several books to the bestseller list (Barry 1997; Junger 1997; Larson 1999). Both the fictional representations and the consequences of real disasters illustrate the shift in our understanding of the forces at work in such events. Some of the damage in Hurricane Andrew, for example, is attributed to inadequate enforcement of building standards. In Kobe, structures engineered to withstand seismic activity failed, prompting concern about just how safe infrastructure is in tectonically active areas. And Hurricane Mitch’s devastating toll cannot be explained solely by the storm. Decades of land abuse and a combination of social, political, and economic factors combined with the storm to cause the severe losses.