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Journal articles on the topic 'Honeycomb structure'
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1
Wan Abdul Hamid, Wan Luqman Hakim, Yulfian Aminanda, and Mohamed Shaik Dawood. "Experimental Investigation on the Energy Absorption Capability of Foam-Filled Nomex Honeycomb Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.460.
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The effect of low density filler material comprising polyurethane foam on the axial crushing resistance of Nomex honeycomb under quasi-static compression conditions was analyzed. Honeycombs with two different densities, two different heights and similar cell size, along with five different densities of polyurethane foams were used in the research. A total of 14 unfilled Nomex honeycombs, 15 polyurethane foams, and 39 foam-filled Nomex honeycombs were subjected to quasi-static compression loading. The crushing load and capability of foam-filled Nomex honeycomb structure in absorbing the energy were found to increase significantly since the cell walls of honeycomb were strengthened by the foam filler; the walls did not buckle at the very beginning of compression loading. The failure mechanism of the foam-filled honeycomb was analyzed and compared with the unfilled honeycomb.
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Du, Jianxun, and Peng Hao. "Investigation on Microstructure of Beetle Elytra and Energy Absorption Properties of Bio-Inspired Honeycomb Thin-Walled Structure under Axial Dynamic Crushing." Nanomaterials 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8090667.
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The beetle elytra requires not only to be lightweight to make a beetle fly easily, but also to protect its body and hind-wing from outside damage. The honeycomb sandwich structure in the beetle elytra make it meet the above requirements. In the present work, the microstructures of beetle elytra, including biology layers and thin-walled honeycombs, are observed by scanning electron microscope and discussed. A new bionic honeycomb structure (BHS) with a different hierarchy order of filling cellular structure is established. inspired by elytra internal structure. Then the energy absorbed ability of different bionic models with the different filling cell size are compared by using nonlinear finite element software LS-DYNA (Livermore Software Technology Corp., Livermore, CA, USA). Numerical results show that the absorbed energy of bionic honeycomb structures is increased obviously with the increase of the filling cell size. The findings indicate that the bionic honeycomb structure with second order has an obviously improvement over conventional structures filled with honeycombs and shows great potential for novel clean energy absorption equipment.
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Spratt, Myranda, Sudharshan Anandan, Rafid Hussein, Joseph W. Newkirk, K. Chandrashekhara, Misak Heath, and Michael Walker. "Build accuracy and compression properties of additively manufactured 304L honeycombs." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 6 (April 3, 2020): 1049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-08-2018-0201.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the build quality and compression properties of thin-walled 304L honeycomb structures manufactured by selective laser melting. Four honeycomb wall thicknesses, from 0.2 to 0.5 mm, were built and analyzed. Design/methodology/approach The density of the honeycombs was changed by increasing the wall thickness of each sample. The honeycombs were tested under compression. Differences between the computer-assisted design model and the as-built structure were quantified by measuring physical dimensions. The microstructure was evaluated by optical microscopy, density measurements and microhardness. Findings The Vickers hardness of the honeycomb structures was 209 ± 14 at 50 g load. The compression ultimate and yield strength of the honeycomb material were shown to increase as the wall thickness of the honeycomb samples increased. The specific ultimate strength also increased with wall thickness, while the specific yield stress of the honeycomb remained stable at 42 ± 2.7 MPa/g/cm3. The specific ultimate strength minimized near 0.45 mm wall thickness at 82 ± 5 MPa/g/cm3 and increased to 134 ± 3 MPa/g/cm3 at 0.6 mm wall thickness. Originality/value This study highlights a single lightweight metal structure, the honeycomb, built by additive manufacturing (AM). The honeycomb is an interesting structure because it is a well-known building material in the lightweight structural composites field but is still considered a relatively complex geometric shape to fabricate. As shown here, AM techniques can be used to make complex geometric shapes with strong materials to increase the design flexibility of the lightweight structural component industry.
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Wang, Yan, P. Xue, and J. P. Wang. "Comparing Study of Energy-Absorbing Behavior for Honeycomb Structures." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.13.
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Honeycomb materials，as a type of ultra-light multifunctional material，have been examined extensively in recent years and have been applied in many fields. This study investigated the energy absorption capacity and their mechanisms of honeycomb structures with five different cell geometry (square，triangular，circular, hexagonal，kagome). It has been shown that the honeycomb structure with kagome cells is the best choice under the targets of the energy absorption capacity, peak force and plateau stress, when relative density and cell wall thickness of the five kinds of honeycombs are the same. Besides, honeycomb with hexagonal cells and honeycomb with triangular cells are also ideal structures for energy absorption purpose.
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Shirbhate, P. A., and M. D. Goel. "Effect of Reinforcement in Energy Absorption Characteristics of Honeycomb Structures Under Blast Loading." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 1231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.645.
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During recent decades demand for cellular structures has increased due to raised concern for protection of important buildings and components from blast loads. These types of cellular materials possess important features that includes less weight, higher energy absorption capabilities, higher strength to weight ratio in comparison with monolithic counterpart. Cellular material includes honeycomb, corrugated, web type structure, open and closed cell metal foam etc. However, in the present investigation, honeycomb sandwich panel are rein forced and are analysed for blast response mitigation. Further, obtained response of reinforced honeycomb structure is compared with the conventional honeycomb sandwich panel on the basis of mass. The Finite Element (FE) software LS-DYNA®, commonly used for dynamic explicit analysis, is used for numerical simulation and blast response investigation. Total three different reinforced configurations are developed and compared with conventional honeycomb i.e. honeycomb without any reinforcement. From FE analysis, it is noticed that reinforcing the honeycomb structure enhances the energy absorption capabilities significantly due to reinforcement which in turns increases the density of honeycombs.
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Zhu, Cheng Yan, Jia Ying Sun, Yan Qing Li, Wei Tian, and Qian Qian Luo. "Design of 3D Integrated Structure with Vertical Honeycombed-Core." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.985.
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In order to study the influences of fabric specification on vertical depth of honeycomb weaves, 11 kinds of honeycomb weaves fabric were designed in this paper by using different yarn linear density and weave repeat unit. The results show that the vertical depth of honeycomb weaves would increase as the yarn linear density increasing when the linear density was comparatively larger. With the increasing of weave repeat unit, vertical depth of honeycomb weaves is significantly increased. According to these results, 3D integrated vertical structure with honeycombed-core was designed, which used honeycomb weaves as the sandwich structure and plain weaves as the upside face and underside face. At the same time, the looming draft of this structure was drawn.
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Kondratiev, Andrii, Oksana Prontsevych, and Tetyana Nabokina. "Analysis of the Bearing Capacity of Adhesive Joint of Honeycomb Cores of Sandwich Structures with the Continuous Adhesive Layer." Key Engineering Materials 864 (September 2020): 228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.864.228.
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Adhesive sandwich structures with the honeycomb core of the metallic foil, polymeric papers and composites are widely and effectively used in the units of aerospace engineering and in the other industries owing to a number of undeniable advantages, including high specific strength and stiffness. In the process of designing and manufacturing of abovementioned structures, it is necessary to ensure high strength and reliability of the adhesive joint of the bearing skins and honeycomb core at a small area of their contact. The decisive factors influencing the bearing capacity of such joint are the technological parameters of the bonding process. Using the finite element modeling, the paper deals with the bearing capacity of the adhesive joint of bearing skins with the honeycomb core based on the aluminium foil and polymeric paper Nomex at transversal tearing for the key factors of the bonding process. The pattern of the adhesive joint failure (on the adhesive of honeycombs) has been revealed, depending on the depth of penetration of honeycombs ends in the adhesive, physical and mechanical characteristics of honeycombs, modulus of elasticity and tearing strength of the adhesive and thickness of the adhesive layer. Peculiar features of behavior of adhesive joints of the bearing skins with the honeycomb core based on the aluminium foil and polymeric paper Nomex under the load have been established, which should be taken into account in designing and manufacturing of honeycomb structures. The recommendations are given with regard to choosing of parameters of the process of honeycomb structure bonding, which allow providing with the acceptable accuracy the optimal depth of penetration of ends of the honeycomb core faces in the adhesive layer of specified depth.
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Yalçın, Bekir, Berkay Ergene, and Uçan Karakılınç. "Modal and Stress Analysis of Cellular Structures Produced with Additive Manufacturing by Finite Element Analysis (FEA)." Academic Perspective Procedia 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.52.
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Cellular structures such as regular/irregular honeycombs and re-entrants are known as lighter, high level flexibility and more efficient materials; these cellular structures have been mainly designed with topology optimization and obtained with new additive manufacturing methods for aircraft industry, automotive, medical, sports and leisure sectors. For this aim, the effect of cellular structures such as the honeycomb and re-entrant on vibration and stress-strain behaviors were determined under compression and vibration condition by finite elements analyses (FEA). In FEA, the re-entrant and honeycomb structures were modeled firstly and then the stress and displacement values for each structure were obtained. Secondly, vibration behaviors of these foam structures were estimated under determined boundary conditions. In conclusion, the effect of topology in foam structures on vibration and mechanical behaviour were exhibited in FEA results. The obtained stress results of FEA show that all stresses (?x, ?y, ?vm, ?xy) are lower on honeycomb structure than reentrant structure. Besides, natural frequency values (?1, ?2, ?3) and appearance of each structure were observed by using FEA.
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Zhu, Xuefeng, Longkun Xu, Xiaochen Liu, Jinting Xu, Ping Hu, and Zheng-Dong Ma. "Theoretical prediction of mechanical properties of 3D printed Kagome honeycombs and its experimental evaluation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 18 (July 16, 2019): 6559–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219860538.
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Kagome honeycomb structure is proved to incorporate excellent mechanical and actuation performances due to its special configuration. However, until now, the mechanical properties of 3D printed Kagome honeycomb have not been investigated. Hence, the objective of this work is to explore some mechanical properties of 3D-printed Kagome honeycomb structures such as elastic properties, buckling, and so on. In this paper, the analytical formulas of some mechanical properties of Kagome honeycombs made of 3D-printed materials are given. Effective elastic moduli such as Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio of orthotropic Kagome honeycombs under in-plane compression and shear are derived in analytical forms. By these formulas, we investigate the relationship of the elastic moduli, the relative density, and the shape anisotropy–ratio of 3D-printed Kagome honeycomb. By the uniaxial tensile testing, the effective Young's moduli of 3D printed materials in the lateral and longitudinal directions are obtained. Then, by the analytical formulas and the experimental results, we can predict the maximum Young's moduli and the maximum shear modulus of 3D-printed Kagome honeycombs. The isotropic behavior of 3D-printed Kagome honeycombs is investigated. We also derived the equations of the initial yield strength surfaces and the buckling surfaces. We found that the sizes of the buckling surfaces of 3D printed material are smaller than that of isotropic material. The efficiency of the presented analytical formulas is verified through the tensile testing of 3D printed Kagome honeycomb specimens.
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Zhang, Qian, Wenwang Wu, and Jianlin Liu. "Local Strengthening Design and Compressive Behavior Study of the Triangular Honeycomb Structure." Metals 12, no. 11 (October 22, 2022): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111779.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) enables diversity in honeycomb structure configuration, which benefits optimization of the honeycomb structure. In the present study, we proposed two locally enhanced triangular honeycomb structures to improve in-plane compressive performance by avoiding diagonal fracture band. The compressive behaviors and failure mechanism of the original and enhanced triangular honeycomb structures made of 316L steel were studied by experiments and numerical simulations. The results show that the cell-enhanced triangular honeycomb structure and wall-enhanced triangular honeycomb structure possess significantly improved stiffness and peak load compared with the original structure. The fracture band along the diagonal direction of the triangular honeycomb structure is caused by buckling of the cell wall, which is related to its topologic structure. Stress distribution is an essential index reflecting the performance of a honeycomb structure. Uniform stress distribution makes the honeycomb structure fail layer by layer, and it can improve the peak load of the honeycomb structure. Defects such as unmelted metal particles and voids caused by AM processing weaken the strength and plasticity, and the resulting brittleness makes the honeycomb structure fall into pieces.
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Gong, Xiaobo, Chengwei Ren, Yuhong Liu, Jian Sun, and Fang Xie. "Impact Response of the Honeycomb Sandwich Structure with Different Poisson’s Ratios." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 8, 2022): 6982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196982.
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The honeycomb sandwich structure is widely used in energy-absorbing facilities because it is lightweight, has a high specific stiffness and high specific strength, and is easy to process. It also has dynamic mechanical characteristics such as a high impact resistance and high energy absorption. To explore the influence of the Poisson’s ratio on the local impact resistance, this paper compares and analyzes the local impact resistance of a series of honeycomb cores with different Poisson’s ratios under the impact of a spherical projectile at different speeds. Three typical honeycombs with negative/zero/positive Poisson ratios (re-entrant hexagon, semi-re-entrant hexagon, and hexagon) are selected to change the geometric parameters in order to have the same relative density and different Poisson ratios (−2.76–3.63). The relative magnitude of the rear face sheet displacement is in the order of negative Poisson’s ratio > zero Poisson’s ratio > positive Poisson’s ratio, which reveals that the honeycomb structure with the positive Poisson’s ratio has better protection ability than the others. Finally, a dual-wall hexagonal honeycomb is proposed. The rear face sheet displacement of the dual-wall hexagonal honeycomb sandwich structure is reduced by 34.4% at 25 m/s compared with the hexagonal honeycomb, which has a better local impact resistance.
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Liu, Weidong, Honglin Li, Jiong Zhang, and Hongda Li. "Theoretical analysis on the elasticity of a novel accordion cellular honeycomb core with in-plane curved beams." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 3 (April 11, 2018): 702–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218768174.
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Flexible skin is an essential component for morphing wind turbine blade to maintain a smooth profile and bear aerodynamic loads during morphing. Cellular honeycomb cores with low in-plane and high out-of-plane stiffness are potential candidates for support structures of flexible skin. Honeycomb structure also requires zero Poisson’s ratio to avoid unnecessary stress and strain during one-dimensional morphing. A novel accordion cellular honeycomb core of close-to-zero Poisson’s ratio with in-plane corrugated U-type beams was proposed as a solution for these problems. The elastic properties of the structure are illustrated through a combination of theoretical analysis and finite element analysis. Results show that better in-plane morphing and out-of-plane load-bearing capabilities can be obtained with parameters of larger height-to-length ratio, spacing-to-length ratio and vertical beam to U-type beam thickness ratio as well as smaller thickness-to-length ratio. Results of comparisons on properties of the proposed honeycomb with two existing accordion honeycombs reveal that the in-plane elastic modulus of the proposed structure is as low as about 56% of that of the accordion honeycomb with V-type beams and 79% of that of the accordion honeycomb with cosine beams, showing better in-plane property but weaker out-of-plane load-bearing capability. Nevertheless, the out-of-plane load-bearing capability can be reinforced by increasing the vertical beam to U-type beam thickness ratio. Smaller driving force and less energy consumption are required by the proposed honeycomb core than conventional structures during morphing. The methods and results could be used for predictions of elasticity in design of sandwich morphing skin with similar cellular honeycomb cores.
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Ali, Imran, and Jing Jun Yu. "Zero Poisson’s Ratio Honeycomb Structures-An FEA Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.329.
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Conventional honeycomb structures show positive Poissons ratio under in-plane loading while Auxetic honeycombs show negative Poissons ratio. Accordion, Hybrid and Semi re-entrant honeycomb structures show zero Poissons ratio, i.e. they show zero or negligible deformation in lateral direction under longitudinal loadings. In this paper an FEA analysis of these three types of structures is made using commercial software ANSYSR14 using 8 node 281 shell elements. Cell wall thickness and cell angle is varied to analyze their effect on elastic modulus Exand global strains along X direction under X-direction loadings. Eyis also analyzed to measure lateral stiffness and deformation behavior of structure for its potential application as flexures.
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Vesenjak, Matej, Andreas Öchsner, and Zoran Ren. "Evaluation of Thermal and Mechanical Filler Gas Influence on Honeycomb Structures Behavior." Materials Science Forum 553 (August 2007): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.553.190.
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In this paper the behavior of hexagonal honeycombs under dynamic in-plane loading is described. Additionally, the presence and influence of the filler gas inside the honeycomb cells is considered. Such structures are subjected to very large deformation during an impact, where the filler gas might strongly affect their behavior and the capability of deformational energy absorption, especially at very low relative densities. The purpose of this research was therefore to evaluate the influence of filler gas on the macroscopic cellular structure behavior under dynamic uniaxial loading conditions by means of computational simulations. The LS-DYNA code has been used for this purpose, where a fully coupled interaction between the honeycomb structure and the filler gas was simulated. Different relative densities, initial pore pressures and strain rates have been considered. The computational results clearly show the influence of the filler gas on the macroscopic behavior of analyzed honeycomb structures. Because of very large deformation of the cellular structure, the gas inside the cells is also enormously compressed which results in very high gas temperatures and contributes to increased crash energy absorption capability. The evaluated results are valuable for further research considering also the heat transfer in honeycomb structures and for investigations of variation of the base material mechanical properties due to increased gas temperatures under impact loading conditions.
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Ahmed, Ammar, Maen Alkhader, and Bassam Abu-Nabah. "In-plane elastic wave propagation in aluminum honeycomb cores fabricated by bonding corrugated sheets." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 8 (September 7, 2017): 2949–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217729569.
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Aluminum honeycomb cores are widely used in sandwich structures due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratios and very low densities. However, owing to their porous architecture, honeycomb cores are inherently week and are susceptible to damage due to inadvertent or improper loadings on their encompassing sandwich structure. This damage can potentially lead to the failure of the sandwich structure, and therefore it should be detected and evaluated, preferably using nondestructive methods. Common nondestructive techniques have limited effectiveness in inspecting aluminum honeycombs due to their porous structure and dispersive properties. Since honeycombs are less dispersive at sub-ultrasound frequencies, inspecting them using low and sub-ultrasound frequencies has been introduced lately as a promising alternative to ultrasound inspection. However, this approach requires a priori knowledge of the wave propagation characteristics in the inspected material, which is not readily available for most commercially available aluminum honeycombs, especially the ones manufactured by joining thin corrugated sheets. Thus, this work utilizes finite element computations to assess the low frequency wave propagation characteristics (i.e. phase velocity and dispersive properties) in commercially available aluminum honeycombs made by bonding thin corrugated sheets. Results illustrate that the dispersive behavior and acoustic anisotropy of the studied honeycombs are more significant at higher porosities and high frequencies as well as identify the frequencies below which honeycombs exhibit their least dispersive acoustic behavior.
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Mat Rejab, Mohd Ruzaimi, W. A. W. Hassan, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, and Dandi Bachtiar. "Specific Properties of Novel Two-Dimensional Square Honeycomb Composite Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 694–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.694.
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Hexagonal honeycomb cores have found extensive applications particularly in the aerospace and naval industries. In view of the recent interest in novel strong and lightweight core architectures, square honeycomb cores were manufactured and tested under uniform lateral compression. A slotting technique has been used to manufacture the square honeycomb cores based on three different materials; glass fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP), carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and self-reinforced polypropylene (SRPP). As semi-rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam was placed in each of unit cells to further stiffen the core structure. The core then was bonded to two skins to form a sandwich structure. The compressive responses of the sandwich structures were measured as a function of relative density. In this paper, particular focus is placed on examining the compression strength and energy absorption characteristics of the square honeycombs with and without the additional foam core. Comparisons in terms of specific strength and specific energy absorption have shown that the CFRP core offers excellent properties. The presence of the foam core significantly increases the energy absorption capability of overall structure and the SRPP core could potentially be used as an alternative lightweight core material in recyclable sandwich structures.
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Qin, Lei, Wei Ling Yue, and Chang Jie Luo. "Study on High Strength Metal Cellular Automatic Forming Technology and Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 442 (October 2013): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.442.269.
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The existing technology of stretching and forming metal honeycomb processing has obvious deficiencies. In order to develop metal honeycomb with high strength and better performance, this paper did extensive research on the technology of semi-regular hexagon corrugated structure forming and overlay process. Modern mechanical methodology was then employed to optimize high strength metal cellular automatic equipment and the best principle schema was selected. Each modules structure of the high strength aluminum honeycombs automatic overlay assembly equipment has been designed. Products were made based on the new design and went through a series of tests. The results demonstrated that this new method has greatly resolved the existing problems regarding the processing technology of aluminum honeycomb.
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Soltani, Aref, Reza Noroozi, Mahdi Bodaghi, Ali Zolfagharian, and Reza Hedayati. "3D Printing On-Water Sports Boards with Bio-Inspired Core Designs." Polymers 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010250.
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Modeling and analyzing the sports equipment for injury prevention, reduction in cost, and performance enhancement have gained considerable attention in the sports engineering community. In this regard, the structure study of on-water sports board (surfboard, kiteboard, and skimboard) is vital due to its close relation with environmental and human health as well as performance and safety of the board. The aim of this paper is to advance the on-water sports board through various bio-inspired core structure designs such as honeycomb, spiderweb, pinecone, and carbon atom configuration fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Fused deposition modeling was employed to fabricate complex structures from polylactic acid (PLA) materials. A 3D-printed sample board with a uniform honeycomb structure was designed, 3D printed, and tested under three-point bending conditions. A geometrically linear analytical method was developed for the honeycomb core structure using the energy method and considering the equivalent section for honeycombs. A geometrically non-linear finite element method based on the ABAQUS software was also employed to simulate the boards with various core designs. Experiments were conducted to verify the analytical and numerical results. After validation, various patterns were simulated, and it was found that bio-inspired functionally graded honeycomb structure had the best bending performance. Due to the absence of similar designs and results in the literature, this paper is expected to advance the state of the art of on-water sports boards and provide designers with structures that could enhance the performance of sports equipment.
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Wang, Dong-Mei, and Rui Yang. "Investigation of vibration transmissibility for paper honeycomb sandwich structures with various moisture contents." Mechanics & Industry 20, no. 1 (2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2019002.
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Vibration transmissibility is an important factor to characterize the vibration absorption performance of cushioning packaging materials during transportation. Reasonable prediction of vibration transmissibility can guide antivibration design and reduce packaging cost. As a kind of green cushioning material, paper honeycomb sandwich structure is widely used in transport packaging because of its good machinability. But at the same time, it also has strong water absorption capacity. To a great extent, the vibration transmissibility of paper honeycomb sandwich structure may be affected by ambient humidity. In this research, the vibration transmissibility of paper honeycomb sandwich structures with various structure sizes under different humidity was tested by sine frequency sweep experiments. The rule of maximal vibration transmissibility with moisture content, cell length of honeycomb, and thickness of sandwich structure was analyzed. The results show that the maximal vibration transmissibility of paper honeycomb sandwich structure increases with the increase of moisture content, cell length of honeycomb, and thickness of sandwich structure. In order to construct the relationship between maximal vibration transmissibility and various factors, the moisture content was standardized. Finally, the maximal vibration transmissibility evaluation equation of paper honeycomb sandwich structure containing standardized moisture content and size of sandwich structure was obtained, which is of some reference value for vibration prediction of paper honeycomb sandwich structures.
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Li, Xiangcheng, Yuliang Lin, and Fangyun Lu. "Numerical Simulation on In-plane Deformation Characteristics of Lightweight Aluminum Honeycomb under Direct and Indirect Explosion." Materials 12, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142222.
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Lightweight aluminum honeycomb is a buffering and energy-absorbed structure against dynamic impact and explosion. Direct and indirect explosions with different equivalent explosive masses are applied to investigate the in-plane deformation characteristics and energy-absorbing distribution of aluminum honeycombs. Two finite element models of honeycombs, i.e., rigid plate-honeycomb-rigid plate (RP-H-RP) and honeycomb-rigid plate (H-RP) are created. The models indicate that there are three deformation modes in the X1 direction for the RP-H-RP, which are the overall response mode at low equivalent explosive masses, transitional response mode at medium equivalent explosive masses, and local response mode at large equivalent explosive masses, respectively. Meanwhile, the honeycombs exhibit two deformation modes in the X2 direction, i.e., the expansion mode at low equivalent explosive masses and local inner concave mode at large equivalent explosive masses, respectively. Interestingly, a counter-intuitive phenomenon is observed on the loaded boundary of the H-RP. Besides, the energy distribution and buffering capacity of different parts on the honeycomb models are discussed. In a unit cell, most of the energy is absorbed by the edges with an edge thickness of 0.04 mm while little energy is absorbed by the other bilateral edges. For the buffering capacity, the honeycomb in the X1 direction behaves better than that in the X2 direction.
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Kim, Y. J., Sung Baek Cho, Ill Yong Kim, and Chikara Ohtsuki. "Preparation of Hydroxyapatite Honeycomb through Dissolution-Precipitation Reaction under Hydrothermal Condition." Key Engineering Materials 720 (November 2016): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.720.203.
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Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) can be obtained from calcium carbonates through dissolution-precipitation reaction in a phosphate solution under a hydrothermal condition, with keeping its external shape. In this study, we assumed preparation of hydroxyapatite honeycombs from a calcite (CaCO3) honeycomb. Calcite honeycomb was hydrothermally treated in a phosphate solution. After hydrothermal processing for 24 h, calcite transformed partially to hydroxyapatite phase and its external shape was kept. Moreover, specific surface areas of the specimens were increased after the hydrothermal processing. Consequently, this processing is useful to prepare honeycomb structure of hydroxyapatite from calcium carbonates.
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Houssem Eddine, Fiala, Benmansour Toufik, and Issasfa Brahim. "Modeling of hexagonal honeycomb hybrids for variation of Poisson’s ratio." Materials Testing 64, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0003.
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Abstract In this research, the compressive behavior of structures consisting of two types of cells were studied (honeycombs and re-entrant), in order to know the effect of the ratios of these cells on the mechanical properties of the structures. In addition, by controlling the Poisson’s ratio with a constant Young’s modulus, three types of structures (traditional honeycomb, auxetic and zero Poisson’s ratio (ZPR)) were obtained together with the ability to control their mechanical properties without changing the geometric properties of the cell. Numerical models were created and compared with the results obtained from the structures manufactured by the 3D printer experimentally, and where the Young’s modulus, Poisson factor and compressive deformation were close to the experimental results. In this current research, new structures have been proposed by incorporating traditional honeycomb cells with auxiliary honeycomb cells into a single structure without changing the cell geometry. The aim was to control the Poisson’s ratio in order to obtain all types of structures mentioned above without changing the geometric properties of the cell.
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Nishya, N., M. Ramachandran, Sivaji Chinnasami, S. Sowmiya, and Sriram Soniya. "Investigation of Various Honey comb Structure and Its Application." Construction and Engineering Structures 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/ces/1/1/1.
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This paper provides comprehensive test results. Preliminary studies on paper honeycomb machine modelling structures always focus on static conditions; some random innovative honeycomb based paper honeycomb structures have their best mechanical performance And have received considerable attention in recent years due to specific activities. Inspired by bee hive, architecture, transportation, mechanical engineering, found wide applications in various fields including chemistry and using the first-principles of two-dimensional hive structures Explored the electronic properties of molybdenum disulfide. In this study, a new broadband microwave-absorbing honeycomb system was designed and fabricated using a new concept. Based on past studies of beetle front wing structures, we have developed an approach to creating honeycomb plates in an integrated body shape. Honeycomb structures widely used in vehicle and aerospace applications due to its high strength and low weight. Sample and we calculated first-principles within the density-function Theory for the study of structural, electronic and magnetic properties of boron-nitride honeycomb structure. Focusing on future electronics technologies and their potential impact on the attractive phenomena exposed in these integrated aluminium hives is considered a promising framework. The formation of a two-dimensional triangular finite element, including additional freedom, was derived based on Eringen's principle of micro polar elasticity. The structural, electronic, optical and vibration properties of zinc antimonate monolayer and their functional structures are explored. Due to the increasing technological development in various industries and the combined need for energy absorption, we have created honeycomb structural images of different diameters with light shock absorbers such as honeycomb structure
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Zhou, Hui, Ping Xu, and Suchao Xie. "Composite energy-absorbing structures combining thin-walled metal and honeycomb structures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no. 4 (February 9, 2016): 394–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716631579.
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The energy-absorbing structure of a crashworthy railway vehicle was designed by combining the characteristics of thin-walled metal structures and aluminum honeycomb structures: finite element models of collisions involving energy-absorbing structures were built in ANSYS/LS-DYNA. In these models, the thin-walled metal structure was modeled as a plastic kinematic hardening material, and the honeycomb structure was modeled as an equivalent solid model with orthotropic–anisotropic mechanical properties. The analysis showed that the safe velocity standard for rail vehicle collisions was improved from 25 km/h to 45 km/h by using a combined energy-absorbing structure; its energy absorption exceeded the sum of the energy absorbed by the thin-walled metal structure and honeycomb structure when loaded separately, because of the interaction effects of thin-walled metal structure and aluminum honeycomb structure. For an aluminum honeycomb to the same specification, the composite structure showed the highest SEA when using a thin-walled metal structure composed of bi-grooved tubes, followed by that using single-groove tubes: that with a straight-walled structure had the lowest SEA.
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Jin, Tao, Zhiwei Zhou, Zhenguo Liu, and Xuefeng Shu. "Size effects on the in-plane mechanical behavior of hexagonal honeycombs." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 23, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2014-0121.
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AbstractIn-plane uniaxial compression tests were experimented on seven kinds of honeycomb specimens with different sizes (cell numbers) under the loading rate of 10 mm/min, in order to investigate the size effects on four important mechanical parameters (the curve modulus, initial collapse stress, densification strain, and plateau stress) of the honeycomb structure. The results show that the curve modulus of honeycombs decreases with decrease in specimen size, indicating that the curve modulus in in-plane direction is sensitive to size. In addition, the initial collapse stress in x2-direction as well as energy absorption efficiency in x1-direction is slightly sensitive to the specimen size. However, the other mechanical parameters of honeycomb show significant size independence. The weak boundary cells are used to explain size effects on the in-plane mechanical behavior of honeycomb. Consequently, the minimum specimen size of hexagonal honeycomb specimens for measuring the effective in-plane mechanical properties of a bulk honeycomb is determined according to these results.
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Nguyen, Thuc Boi Huyen, and Hoc Thang Nguyen. "Lightweight Panel for Building Construction Based on Honeycomb Paper Composite/Core-Fiberglass Composite/Face Materials." Nano Hybrids and Composites 32 (April 2021): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.32.15.
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Lightweight panels for indoor constructions are typically made from composite materials with honeycomb and corrugated structures. The reinforcements are used in this study, one is fiberglass and the other is cellulose fiber, which cellulose from recycled paper. Experimental results indicate that the weight of honeycomb paper panel is light, only 13.6% of fiberglass composite and 32.6% of plywood. The presence of honeycomb structure has a significant effect on mechanical behaviors of composite panels. Both flexural and compressive strengths increase by replacing corrugated structure into honeycomb structure. During compression, the compressive strength and modulus of two-layer honeycomb/core panel are higher than those of monolayer honeycomb/core. Particularly, the honeycomb cell-wall thickness has a little effect on the weight, but has an important effect on mechanical properties. These results can be created low cost and lightweight environment-friendly panels by using recycled paper honeycomb structure.
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Rajendra Boopathy, Vijayanand, Anantharaman Sriraman, and Arumaikkannu G. "Energy absorbing capability of additive manufactured multi-material honeycomb structure." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 3 (April 8, 2019): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-03-2018-0066.
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Purpose The present work aims in presenting the energy absorbing capability of different combination stacking of multiple materials, namely, Vero White and Tango Plus, under static and dynamic loading conditions. Design/methodology/approach Honeycomb structures with various multi-material stackings are fabricated using PolyJet 3D printing technique. From the static and dynamic test results, the structure having the better energy absorbing capability is identified. Findings It is found that from the various stacking combinations of multiple materials, the five-layered (5L) sandwich multi-material honeycomb structure has better energy absorbing capability. Practical implications This multi-material combination with a honeycomb structure can be used in the application of crash resistance components such as helmet, knee guard, car bumper, etc. Originality/value Through experimental work, various multi-material honeycomb structures and impact resistance of single material clearly indicated the inability to absorb impact loads which experiences a maximum force of 5,055.24 N, whereas the 5L sandwich multi-material honeycomb structure experiences a minimum force of 1,948.17 N, which is 38.5 per cent of the force experienced by the single material. Moreover, in the case of compressive resistance, 2L sandwich multi-material honeycomb structure experiences a maximum force of 5,887.5 N, whereas 5L sandwich multi-material honeycomb structure experiences a minimum force of 2,410 N, which is 40.9 per cent of the force experienced by two-layered (2L) sandwich multi-material honeycomb structure. In this study, the multi-material absorbed most of the input energy and experienced minimum force in both compressive and impact loads, thus showing its energy absorbing capability and hence its utility for structures that experience impact and compressive loads. A maximum force is required to deform the single and 2L material in terms of impact and compressive load, respectively, under maximum stiffness conditions.
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Jun, Hu, Ren Jianwei, Ma Wei, and Wang Aiguo. "Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Model of Honeycomb Materials with Random Defects under Impact Loading." Shock and Vibration 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1087919.
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The study analyzed the influence of random defects on plateau stresses of honeycomb materials with varied relative densities and established a computational model of honeycomb materials considering random defects. The results show that the plateau stress decreases evidently as the random defects increase, which is closely related to the relative density of honeycomb materials. It also set up a functional relationship between relative plateau stresses and random defects as well as that between relative plateau stresses and relative densities. Taken topological structure, random defects and strain rate effect into consideration, and it proposed a dynamic constitutive model of honeycomb materials under low-middle impact loading. And the proposed constitutive model possesses a better applicability to match the stress-strain relationship of honeycomb materials in existing impact experiments. The proposed constitutive model could make a theoretical foundation in material design and practical application of honeycombs containing random defects.
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Lin, Hong, Chang Han, Lei Yang, Hassan Karampour, Haochen Luan, Pingping Han, Hao Xu, and Shuo Zhang. "Dynamic Performance and Crashworthiness Assessment of Honeycomb Reinforced Tubular Pipe in the Jacket Platform under Ship Collision." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091194.
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The collision between the pipe legs of jacket platforms and bypassing ships is of great concern for the safety assessment of platforms. Honeycomb structures have been widely used owing to their unique deformation and mechanical properties under dynamic impact loads. In this paper, two typical honeycomb structures, namely hexagonal honeycomb and arrow honeycomb, were constructed for the impact protection of inclined pipe legs in jacket platforms, and the present study aimed to assess the dynamical performance and crushing resistance of the designed honeycomb reinforced structure under ship collision by using the numerical simulation software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The dynamical performance of the honeycomb reinforced pipe leg was investigated considering various influential parameters, including the impact velocity and impact direction. The crashworthiness of the two types of honeycomb was evaluated and compared by different criteria, namely the maximum impact depth (δmax), specific energy absorption (SEA) and the proposed index offset sliding (OS). The results demonstrated that both the hexagonal honeycomb structure and the arrow honeycomb structure can reduce the damage of inclined pipe legs caused by ship collision, while the hexagonal honeycomb can provide the better anti-collision capacity, which can well reduce the offset sliding and better protect the pipe leg from ship collision.
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Wang, Wei, Jianjie Wang, Hong Hai, Weikai Xu, and Xiaoming Yu. "Study of In-Plane Mechanical Properties of Novel Ellipse-Based Chiral Honeycomb Structure." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2022): 10437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010437.
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In this paper, we propose an elliptical anti-tetrachiral honeycombs structure (E-antitet) with in-plane negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) and orthogonal anisotropy. The analytical and numerical solutions of the in-plane Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus are given by theoretical derivations and finite element method (FEM) numerical simulations and are verified experimentally by a 3D printed sample. Finally, we analyzed the influences of different parameters on the in-plane Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus of E-antitet. The results show that the proposed E-antitet can achieve a smaller Poisson’s ratio and larger Young’s modulus in the desired direction compared with the anti-tetrachiral honeycombs structure (antitet), and moreover, the E-antitet has a more flexible means of regulation than the antitet. The analytical results of this paper provide meaningful guidance for the design of chiral honeycomb structures.
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Wang, Bin, Peng An, Huan Jiang, Zi Lei Zhang, and Da Qian Zhang. "Honeycomb Structure Design Based on Finite Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 711 (December 2014): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.711.74.
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The element model of a honeycomb structure is established by using ANSYS software. Then theinfluence of design parameters such as inscribed circle diameter and thicknessof honeycomb on the strength and stiffness of honeycomb structure is explored.Under a given external load condition, the honeycomb structure which satisfies the equivalent stress criteria is got by changing inscribed circle diameter,wall thickness and skin thickness of a standard structure respectively. Comparethe weight of honeycomb structure get from these three methods and generalize a method of honeycomb structure lightweight design which satisfies different requirements.
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Movahedi, Fateme, Kok Keong Choong, and Mohammad Hadi Akhbari. "The Domination Parameters on a kind of the regular honeycomb structure." Computer Science Journal of Moldova 30, no. 2 (89) (July 2022): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56415/csjm.v30.13.
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The honeycomb mesh, based on hexagonal structure, has enormous applications in chemistry and engineering. A major challenge in this field is to understand the unique properties of honeycomb structures, which depend on their properties of topology. One of the important concepts in graph theory is the domination number which can be used for network control and monitoring. In this paper, we investigate the domination number of the honeycomb network. For this purpose, the domination number, the total domination number, the independent domination number, the connected domination number and the doubly connected domination number of the honeycomb are obtained. Finally, in some honeycomb structures of real models, we obtain the exact amount of these parameters.
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Qi, Dezhong, Qiang Sun, Sanqiang Zhang, Yuanfang Wang, and Xiaoqiang Zhou. "Buckling Analysis of a Composite Honeycomb Reinforced Sandwich Embedded with Viscoelastic Damping Material." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 10366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010366.
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In this study, the buckling loads of a composite sandwich structure, which is reinforced by a honeycomb layer and filled with viscoelastic damping material, are analyzed. By applying von Karman anisotropic plate equations for large deflection, the governing equation of the composite sandwich structure is determined, and the deflection of the structure is further defined by a double triangular series. According to the dynamic equivalent effective stiffness obtained by the homogenous asymptotic method and Hill’s generalized self-consistent model based on the Halpin–Tsai model, limiting the dynamic load buckling of the composite honeycomb reinforced sandwich structure embedded with viscoelastic damping material under axial compression can be achieved. The factors that influence the composite sandwich’s buckling loads are discussed and compared, such as the load and geometry parameters, the thickness of the honeycomb reinforcement layer and the honeycomb’s width. Finally, the results obtained by the present method are validated by the existing literature.
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Joshilkar, Ms Poonam. "Analysis of Honeycomb Structure." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 5 (May 31, 2018): 950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.5153.
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Newton, Jefferson F. "Lightweight honeycomb panel structure." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99, no. 4 (1996): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.415355.
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Rose, Philip M., and Jia Yu. "Honeycomb noise attenuation structure." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, no. 5 (May 1992): 3085–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.402896.
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NISHIMURA, Hidenori, Takeji ABE, and Noriyuki NAGAYAMA. "Analysis of Honeycomb Structure." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2002.40 (2002): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2002.40.145.
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Zhai, Jiayue, Dingguo Zhang, Meng Li, Chengbo Cui, and Jianguo Cai. "An Approximately Isotropic Origami Honeycomb Structure and Its Energy Absorption Behaviors." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041571.
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Honeycomb structures have a wide range of applications owing to their light weight and promising energy absorption features. However, a conventional honeycomb structure is designed to absorb impact energy only in the out-of-plane direction and demonstrates unsatisfactory performance when the impact energy originates from a different direction. In this study, we proposed an origami honeycomb structure with the aim of providing an approximately isotropic energy absorption performance. The structure was created by folding a conventional honeycomb structure based on the Miura origami pattern, and it was investigated using both numerical and experimental approaches. Investigations of the structural behaviors under both out-of-plane and in-plane compressions were conducted, and the results revealed significantly different deformation modes in comparison with those of a conventional honeycomb structure. To determine the influences of geometries, we conducted a series of numerical studies, considering various structural parameters, and analyzed the response surface of the mean stress in three directions. Based on the numerical and experimental results, a parameter indicating the approximate isotropy of the origami honeycomb structure was introduced. The proposed structure is promising for absorbing energy from any direction and has potential applications in future metamaterial design work.
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Yu, Jiao, Yu Jie Du, and Yun Zhou. "Preparation, Structure and Properties of FeCrAl Honeycombs." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.305.
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FeCrAl alloy powder is used to mix with an additive to prepare a powder mixed paste. FeCrAl alloy honeycombs are fabricated by extruding the powder mixed paste, then dried and sintered. While sintering at 1200°C, with sintering time increase, the volume of sintered honeycombs increase and density decrease. The structure parameters and properties of sintered honeycombs were obtained by measuring and calculating. Results show that wall thickness 0.18~0.23mm, cell number (1/in2) 316~339, clear cross section (%) 69~74, specific surface Sv (sq m/cu dm)2.35~2.52; specific heat capacity Cp(J/g.K) 0.60~0.70, heat conductivity κ (W/m.K) 6.52~6.78. SEM/XRD analysis shows that a large number of oxides formed on the surface of sintered honeycombs during sintering, such as Fe2Cr204, Fe2Si04, Al2O3.These oxides connect together to form film on surface of sintered honeycombs. By impregnating and baking test, the surface of sintered honeycomb can firmly adhere γ-Al2O3catalytic washcoat. The oxide film formed on the surface sintered honeycombs is benefit for adhering and supporting the catalytic active components.
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Rajak, Narendra Kumar, and Prof Amit Kaimkuriya. "Design and Development of Honeycomb Structure for Additive Manufacturing." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (October 31, 2018): 1198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18856.
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Xie, Lu, Tianhua Wang, Chenwei He, Zhihui Sun, and Qing Peng. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Mechanical and Piezoelectric Properties of Boron Nitride Honeycomb Structures." Nanomaterials 9, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9071044.
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Boron nitride honeycomb structure is a new three-dimensional material similar to carbon honeycomb, which has attracted a great deal of attention due to its special structure and properties. In this paper, the tensile mechanical properties of boron nitride honeycomb structures in the zigzag, armchair and axial directions are studied at room temperature by using molecular dynamics simulations. Effects of temperature and strain rate on mechanical properties are also discussed. According to the observed tensile mechanical properties, the piezoelectric effect in the zigzag direction was analyzed for boron nitride honeycomb structures. The obtained results showed that the failure strains of boron nitride honeycomb structures under tensile loading were up to 0.83, 0.78 and 0.55 in the armchair, zigzag and axial directions, respectively, at room temperature. These findings indicated that boron nitride honeycomb structures have excellent ductility at room temperature. Moreover, temperature had a significant effect on the mechanical and tensile mechanical properties of boron nitride honeycomb structures, which can be improved by lowering the temperature within a certain range. In addition, strain rate affected the maximum tensile strength and failure strain of boron nitride honeycomb structures. Furthermore, due to the unique polarization of boron nitride honeycomb structures, they possessed an excellent piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric coefficient e obtained from molecular dynamics was 0.702 C / m 2 , which was lower than that of the monolayer boron nitride honeycomb structures, e = 0.79 C / m 2 . Such excellent piezoelectric properties and failure strain detected in boron nitride honeycomb structures suggest a broad prospect for the application of these new materials in novel nanodevices with ultrahigh tensile mechanical properties and ultralight-weight materials.
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Zhao, Zhibin, Yifu Xie, Zhiqi Liu, Pengfei Yang, Xiaofeng Xue, and Jiaxing Leng. "Study on Progressive Damage Assessment and Scarf Repair of Composite Honeycomb Structure." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 38, no. 5 (October 2020): 1047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20203851047.
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As the widely application of composite honeycomb structure in aircraft Structural Significant Items(SSI) and other structures, the damage assessment and repair scheme because of the impact and other damages have become one of the most concerned issues in the civil aircraft composite structures. In view of the progressive damage assessment of composite honeycomb structure and it's adhesively scarf repair parameter influence, the finite element model based on honeycomb core equivalent model and 3D solid units C3D8 and zero thickness cohesive force unit COH3D8 is established. A special USDFLD program is developed with FORTRAN for ABAQUAS using 3D Hashin criterion Besant criterion and B-K criterion to realize the damage simulation of composite panels, honeycomb cores and adhesive. The relationships between the structural strength recovery rate and the repair parameters such as patch oblique angle, extra layers layup angle and extra layers thickness are studied for the perforation injured honeycomb structure. The results show that the decrease in the patch oblique angle leading to an increase in the internal shear stress of the adhesive, the increase in the angle between the extra layers of the patch and the external load, and the increase in the thickness of the extra layers causing stress concentration and premature instability at the lap edge, will significantly reduce the strength recovery rate of the repaired honeycomb structure. The perfect patch form with 1:10 cut oblique angle and only one extra layer of 0° layup angle is concluded, which achieves the optimal strength recovery effectiveness, reaching 95.72% of the non-damaged honeycomb structure.
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Gunes, Recep, Kemal Arslan, M. Kemal Apalak, and JN Reddy. "Ballistic performance of honeycomb sandwich structures reinforced by functionally graded face plates." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636216689462.
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This study investigates damage mechanisms and deformation of honeycomb sandwich structures reinforced by functionally graded face plates under ballistic impact. The honeycomb sandwich structure consists of two identical functionally graded face sheets, having different material compositions through the thickness, and an aluminum honeycomb core. The functionally graded face sheets consist of ceramic (SiC) and aluminum (Al 6061) phases. The through-thickness mechanical properties of face sheets are assumed to vary according to a power-law. The locally effective material properties are evaluated using the Mori–Tanaka scheme. The effect of material composition of functionally graded face sheets on the ballistic performance of honeycomb sandwich structures was investigated using the finite element method and the penetration and perforation threshold energy values on ballistic performance and ballistic limit of the sandwich structures are determined. The contribution of the honeycomb core on the ballistic performance of the sandwich structure was evaluated by comparing with spaced plates (without honeycomb core) in terms of the residual velocity, kinetic energy, and damage area.
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Xu, Bo Hao, Shuai Wang, Kai Fa Zhou, Wen Yi Ma, and Nan Sun. "Large Torsion Deformation: Centrosymmetric Reentrant Honeycomb." Applied Mechanics and Materials 904 (January 4, 2022): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.904.17.
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There exist some problems in the crash box and anti-collision beam sandwich structure, such as monotone deformation pattern and uneconomical energy absorption performance. In order to raise the deformation capacity and energy absorption performance of sandwich structure, centrosymmetric reentrant honeycomb (CRH) and hexagonal centrosymmetric reentrant honeycomb (HCRH) are proposed based on auxetic reentrant honeycomb (ARH) in this work. Based on HCRH, four kinds of transverse combination structures and two kinds of longitudinal combination structures are obtained. The results of specific energy absorption show that the energy absorption capacity of the angular contact homodromous combination structure (ACOC) is about 3 times that of the other three transverse combination structures. Compared with longitudinal heterodromous combination structure (LHEC), the energy absorption capacity of longitudinal homodromous combination structure (LHOC) is improved by 72.7%.
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Behera, Bijoya Kumar, and Lekhani Tripathi. "3D woven honeycomb composites: Manufacturing method, structure properties, and applications." Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology 8, no. 3 (June 21, 2022): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jteft.2022.08.00304.
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Honeycomb is an advanced material that is preferred in many engineering applications due to its high weight/strength ratio. High toughness and cost competitiveness were achieved because of improved production technology and innovative honeycomb core-face sheet combinations. In this study, the basic concept of preparation of 3D woven honeycomb structure, the role of various honeycomb structural parameters, weave architecture, fabrication of honeycomb composites and their mechanical characteristics (compression, flexural, and impact), and applications of 3D woven honeycomb composites are discussed with experimental evidence. The results show that 3D woven honeycomb composite is a good energy absorber in flatwise compression and impact deformation. 3D woven honeycomb composites have a promising future in lightweight load-bearing applications mainly due to their structural integrity and therefore, they can be actual alternatives for aluminum and other metal alloys.
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Yeo, Eudora Sia Ying, John Wang, Leo Mirabella, and Andrew N. Rider. "Effect of Humidity and Thermal Cycling on Carbon-Epoxy Skin/Aramid Honeycomb Structure." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2600–2603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2600.
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Many modern military aircraft are constructed from composite and bonded structure, such as thin carbon-epoxy laminate bonded to Kevlar® and Nomex® honeycomb. Operation of these platforms in Australian and global conditions will subject the structure to potentially high levels of humidity, extremes in temperature, and for maritime operations, exposure to salt spray conditions. The thin composite laminate is likely to rapidly absorb moisture in a humid environment and enable permeation of moisture into the adhesive and core. In addition to the chemical influence of moisture on the composite structure, the moisture trapped in the honeycomb structure may freeze and expand with changes in altitude during operations or simply due to daily temperature fluctuations at the resident airbase. The combination of moisture ingress in the honeycomb structure and thermal cycling may lead to deteriorated strength of the honeycomb panels over time that would not be observed for long term humid exposure alone. Long term salt water absorption may also have an adverse effect on composites structures. This study investigates the effects of humid environments and thermal cycling on the mechanical properties of composite and honeycomb structures.
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Sharif, Umer, Bei Bei Sun, Peng Zhao, Dauda Sh Ibrahim, Orelaja Oluseyi Adewale, and Aleena Zafar. "Dynamic Behavior Analysis of the Sandwich Beam Structure with Magnetorheological Honeycomb Core under Different Magnetic Intensities: A Numerical Approach." Materials Science Forum 1047 (October 18, 2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1047.31.
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In this article a sandwich beam structure with honeycomb core filled of MRE (magnetorheological elastomer) with different ratios of Elastomer and iron particles is proposed. Modal response for structures with Nylon and Resin8000 honeycomb core filled with MRE and sandwiched between aluminum face sheets were analyzed and compared for two different ratios of MRE by placing magnets at free end and center of the structure. The force generated by magnets on the sandwich beam structure was calculated using ANSYS EDT and the modal response of the structure was then observed under generated magnetic force using ANSYS Workbench. The results showed that the resonance frequency of the structure decreased as the magnetic intensity was increased for all the cases specially for the first mode. Secondly structure with Nylon honeycomb core showed lower frequency drop and higher deformation than the structure with Resin8000 honeycomb core.
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Qin, Ruixian, Junxian Zhou, and Bingzhi Chen. "Crashworthiness Design and Multiobjective Optimization for Hexagon Honeycomb Structure with Functionally Graded Thickness." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (February 6, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8938696.
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Higher energy absorption efficiency and better crashworthiness performance are always the key objectives for different energy absorbing structures applied in numerous industries including aerospace, rail equipment transportation, and automotive. In this study, a functionally graded thickness (FGT) design method is introduced in the design of a hexagon honeycomb structure to improve energy absorbing efficiency on the basis of a traditional honeycomb with uniform thickness (UT). The validation of a numerical analysis model for a UT honeycomb under axial loading is implemented by a nonlinear finite element code LS-DYNA (V971). Furthermore, the multiobjective crashworthiness optimization of an FGT honeycomb subjected to axial quasi-static compression is conducted to maximize specific energy absorption (SEA) and minimize peak crashing force (PCF). In addition, three surrogate models, including radial basis function (RBF), response surface method (RSM), and kriging (KRG), are compared in the accuracy of predicting SEA and PCF and capacity for optimization design of FGT honeycomb structure; the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is applied to obtain the Pareto optimal solutions for the maximum thickness, minimum thickness, and thickness variation gradient exponent of a honeycomb wall. The optimal points obtained by different surrogate models subjected to an SEA value of 18.5 kJ/kg, 20 kJ/kg, 22 kJ/kg, and 24 kJ/kg are validated, and corresponding optimal parameters are compared; RBF and RSM are more suitable in crashworthiness optimization design of the FGT honeycomb structure. It is indicated that the FGT honeycomb with optimal geometrical parameters presents remarkable enhancement and energy absorbing potential compared to the traditional honeycomb structure.
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YIN, HANFENG, GUILIN WEN, and NIANFEI GAN. "CRASHWORTHINESS DESIGN FOR HONEYCOMB STRUCTURES UNDER AXIAL DYNAMIC LOADING." International Journal of Computational Methods 08, no. 04 (November 20, 2011): 863–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876211002885.
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For a honeycomb structure used for absorbing crash energy and protecting the safety of human or instruments, the bigger the specific energy absorption (SEA) is, the more popular it would be when the peak crushing stress (σp) was retained small enough. In order to improve the energy absorption capacity, crashworthiness optimization for honeycomb structures with various cell specifications are studied in this paper. Detailed numerical models are established for those honeycomb structures by using an explicit finite element method code LS-DYNA. The numerical simulation results are then used as the design samples for constructing metamodels. The optimal Latin hypercube design (OLHD) method is employed for the selection of sampling design points in the design space, and the polynomial functions, radial basis functions (RBF), Kriging, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and support vector regression (SVR) are utilized to formulate the two optimal objectives SEA and σp. It is found that the polynomial function is the most efficient in constructing the crashworthiness metamodels of honeycombs among the above-mentioned methods. Then, the polynomial function models of SEA and σp are chosen as the surrogate models in the crashworthiness optimization. In order to further validate the polynomial function models, the polynomial function models of SEA and σp are compared with the analytical solutions based on Wierzbicki's theory and Kunimoto and Yamada's theory, respectively. An excellent correlation has been established. As such, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MOPSOA) is applied to obtain the Pareto front of SEA with σp of the honeycomb structures with various cell specifications, which has resulted in a range of optimal designs of honeycomb structures by the multi-objective optimization.
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Xie, Zong Hong, Jun Feng Sun, Wei Li, Jian Zhao, and Xi Shan Yue. "Study on the Equivalent Thermal Conductivity of Superalloy Honeycomb Core Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.194.
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The equivalent thermal conductivity of superalloy honeycomb core structures have been studied by experimental method. Test results show that the decrease in honeycomb core height and the increase in honeycomb core diameter would lead to a lower equivalent thermal conductivity for superalloy honeycomb cores. Filling adiabatic materials such as ZrO2 fibers and SiO2 aerogels into core cells would significantly reduce the equivalent thermal conductivity of honeycomb cores with a minor penalty in structure weight.