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Journal articles on the topic 'Honeycomb structures'
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1
Alkhader, Maen, Bassam Abu-Nabah, Mostafa Elyoussef, and T. A. Venkatesh. "Design of honeycomb structures with tunable acoustic properties." MRS Advances 4, no. 44-45 (2019): 2409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.355.
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ABSTRACTHoneycomb structures, owing to their microstructural periodicity, exhibit unique and complex acoustic properties. Tuning their acoustic properties typically involves either changing their topology or porosity. The former route can lead to topologies that may not be readily amenable for large-scale production, while the latter could negatively affect the honeycombs’ weight. An ideal approach for tailoring the acoustic behavior of honeycombs should neither affect their porosity nor should they require customized and expensive fabrication methods. In this work, a novel honeycomb design that alters the microstructural topological features in a relatively simple way, while preserving the porosity of the honeycombs, to tune the acoustic properties of the honeycombs is proposed. The proposed honeycomb can be fabricated using the traditional approach employed to mass produce honeycomb structures; that is by bonding identical corrugated sheets with two periodic thicknesses. The acoustic behavior of the proposed honeycomb in terms of dispersion and phase velocities is analyzed using the finite element method. Simulation results demonstrate the potential of the designed honeycomb to exhibit tailored acoustic behavior at a constant porosity or mass. For example, it is demonstrated that the phase velocities of asymmetric and symmetric waves traversing the proposed honeycomb of aluminum with 90% porosity can be tuned by 30% and 17%, respectively.
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Li, Jiaxing, Weizhou Zhong, Jian Li, Yuan Liu, and Zexiong Zhang. "Influence of Cell Pore Configuration on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Honeycomb Structures." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2660, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2660/1/012006.
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Abstract With the rapid development of advanced manufacturing technologies such as additive manufacturing, which provides an effective means for processing and preparing a variety of structures with more complex geometrical configurations, the design and study of honeycomb structures have played an important role in promoting the design and study of honeycomb structures. At present, the study of such structures is mainly limited to hexagonal honeycombs, and relatively few studies have been conducted on other cell geometries. In this study, by using the finite element method, we have simulated and investigated the mechanical properties of typical honeycomb structures, in which these structures have different cellular pore configurations and arrangements that are subjected to in-plane low-velocity impact loading. We compared their dynamic load-carrying capacity and deformation patterns with the relative density and impact velocity which is kept constant. Our results show that different cell pore configurations lead to different cell wall stress states during the compression of the honeycomb structure, which affects the macroscopic mechanical properties of the overall structure. Honeycombs with predominantly cell-edge bending have lower stiffness, compressive strength and smoother platform stresses. Honeycombs with deformation modes dominated by cell-wall plastic buckling have the opposite properties. The design of protective structures through further combinatorial optimization of honeycomb structures provides more options to enhance their overall behavior and energy absorption properties.
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Wang, Yan, P. Xue, and J. P. Wang. "Comparing Study of Energy-Absorbing Behavior for Honeycomb Structures." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.13.
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Honeycomb materials，as a type of ultra-light multifunctional material，have been examined extensively in recent years and have been applied in many fields. This study investigated the energy absorption capacity and their mechanisms of honeycomb structures with five different cell geometry (square，triangular，circular, hexagonal，kagome). It has been shown that the honeycomb structure with kagome cells is the best choice under the targets of the energy absorption capacity, peak force and plateau stress, when relative density and cell wall thickness of the five kinds of honeycombs are the same. Besides, honeycomb with hexagonal cells and honeycomb with triangular cells are also ideal structures for energy absorption purpose.
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Khan, Tayyab, Alia Ruzanna Aziz, Muhammad S. Irfan, Wesley J. Cantwell, and Rehan Umer. "Energy absorption in carbon fiber honeycomb structures manufactured using a liquid thermoplastic resin." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 9 (March 1, 2022): 1335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983221073985.
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In this study, carbon fiber/thermoplastic (Elium®) honeycombs were manufactured using the resin infusion process in a customized metallic mold. Honeycomb cores, based on different carbon fiber layers, were manufactured to achieve four different fiber weight fraction composites. Two different types of specimens, based on a single honeycomb cell and five honeycomb cells, were prepared and subjected to compression loading. The results of these tests were compared with data from similar honeycomb structures based on carbon fiber–reinforced epoxy composite. It has been shown that the compressive strength and the specific energy absorption capacity of the honeycombs increase rapidly with increasing fiber weight fraction. The specific energy absorption capability of the novel thermoplastic honeycomb structures has been shown to be as high as 50 kJ/kg which compares favorably with other energy-absorbing core materials. The thermoplastic honeycomb specimens exhibited a similar specific energy absorption capability and an improved compressive strength compared to their epoxy counterparts. Furthermore, the CF/thermoplastic honeycombs exhibited enhanced structural stability and displayed a more uniform and progressive core failure mode than the longitudinal splitting observed in the CF/epoxy honeycombs. The honeycomb core that exhibited the best performance was then used to manufacture thermoplastic sandwich specimens based on CF/thermoplastic face sheets. Three point bend tests were conducted to determine the flexural strength of the sandwich samples and to identify the failure modes. Optical micrographs revealed that the flexural damage was primarily due to the core crushing and adhesive failure between the core and the composite skins.
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Wang, Zhiping, Gang Chen, Xiaofei Cao, Wei Chen, Chun Bao Li, and Xiaobin Li. "Study on the Effect of Nodal Configuration on the Mechanical Properties of Hexa-Ligamentous Chiral Honeycombs." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2023): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091692.
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To investigate the effect of nodal configuration on the mechanical properties of hexachiral honeycombs, three specimens, namely, a standard honeycomb, a thickened-node honeycomb, and a filled-node honeycomb, were prepared using 3D-printing technology. Several quasi-static compression tests were performed, which revealed that nodal reinforcement can inhibit nodal aberrations during ligament winding, thus facilitating the “rotational” mechanism and improving the negative Poisson’s ratio properties of the honeycomb. Experiments performed using the finite element method showed that nodal reinforcement mainly played a role in the stage of stress rise, and the role of nodal filling was more significant than that of nodal thickening. Low-strain standard honeycombs presented the highest specific absorption energy. However, the specific absorption energy of the filled-node honeycomb and the thickened-node honeycomb exceeded that of the standard honeycomb at a strain of 0.71. The conclusions presented herein can aid in the optimal design of honeycombs and contribute to the design of protective structures.
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Kondratiev, Andrii, Oksana Prontsevych, and Tetyana Nabokina. "Analysis of the Bearing Capacity of Adhesive Joint of Honeycomb Cores of Sandwich Structures with the Continuous Adhesive Layer." Key Engineering Materials 864 (September 2020): 228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.864.228.
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Adhesive sandwich structures with the honeycomb core of the metallic foil, polymeric papers and composites are widely and effectively used in the units of aerospace engineering and in the other industries owing to a number of undeniable advantages, including high specific strength and stiffness. In the process of designing and manufacturing of abovementioned structures, it is necessary to ensure high strength and reliability of the adhesive joint of the bearing skins and honeycomb core at a small area of their contact. The decisive factors influencing the bearing capacity of such joint are the technological parameters of the bonding process. Using the finite element modeling, the paper deals with the bearing capacity of the adhesive joint of bearing skins with the honeycomb core based on the aluminium foil and polymeric paper Nomex at transversal tearing for the key factors of the bonding process. The pattern of the adhesive joint failure (on the adhesive of honeycombs) has been revealed, depending on the depth of penetration of honeycombs ends in the adhesive, physical and mechanical characteristics of honeycombs, modulus of elasticity and tearing strength of the adhesive and thickness of the adhesive layer. Peculiar features of behavior of adhesive joints of the bearing skins with the honeycomb core based on the aluminium foil and polymeric paper Nomex under the load have been established, which should be taken into account in designing and manufacturing of honeycomb structures. The recommendations are given with regard to choosing of parameters of the process of honeycomb structure bonding, which allow providing with the acceptable accuracy the optimal depth of penetration of ends of the honeycomb core faces in the adhesive layer of specified depth.
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Shirbhate, P. A., and M. D. Goel. "Effect of Reinforcement in Energy Absorption Characteristics of Honeycomb Structures Under Blast Loading." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 1231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.645.
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During recent decades demand for cellular structures has increased due to raised concern for protection of important buildings and components from blast loads. These types of cellular materials possess important features that includes less weight, higher energy absorption capabilities, higher strength to weight ratio in comparison with monolithic counterpart. Cellular material includes honeycomb, corrugated, web type structure, open and closed cell metal foam etc. However, in the present investigation, honeycomb sandwich panel are rein forced and are analysed for blast response mitigation. Further, obtained response of reinforced honeycomb structure is compared with the conventional honeycomb sandwich panel on the basis of mass. The Finite Element (FE) software LS-DYNA®, commonly used for dynamic explicit analysis, is used for numerical simulation and blast response investigation. Total three different reinforced configurations are developed and compared with conventional honeycomb i.e. honeycomb without any reinforcement. From FE analysis, it is noticed that reinforcing the honeycomb structure enhances the energy absorption capabilities significantly due to reinforcement which in turns increases the density of honeycombs.
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Oettinger, Marcel, Tim Kluge, and Joerg Seume. "Influence of honeycomb structures on labyrinth seal aerodynamics." Journal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society 6 (October 19, 2022): 290–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.33737/jgpps/152697.
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Shroud cavities in aero engines are typically formed by a labyrinth seal between the rotating turbine shroud and the stationary casing wall. To mitigate rub-in and reduce weight, the casing often features honeycomb structures above the rotor seal fins. In this paper, the aerodynamic performance of such honeycomb structures is experimentally investigated using a rotating test rig featuring both smooth and honeycomb-tapered casing walls. Measurements show that the discharge coefficient decreases for the honeycomb configuration while losses and subsequent windage heating of the flow increase. A variation in rotational speed reveals additional sensitivities to the local flow field in the swirl chamber. Numerical simulations are conducted and validated using the experiments. A good agreement between the prediction and measurements of the jet via the evolution of pressure across the sealing fins is identified. In contrast, the prediction of losses and integral parameters reveals larger deficits. Empirical correlations from available literature satisfactorily predict the leakage mass flow rate if rotation is low and if the casing is smooth. High rotation and the presence of honeycombs, however, prove challenging and reveal the potential for further improvements. We propose a simple a-posteriori correction that can capture the effect of honeycomb structures on seal discharge by accounting for changes in momentum and flow area.
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Li, Xiangcheng, Kang Li, Yuliang Lin, Rong Chen, and Fangyun Lu. "Inserting Stress Analysis of Combined Hexagonal Aluminum Honeycombs." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3240651.
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Two kinds of hexagonal aluminum honeycombs are tested to study their out-of-plane crushing behavior. In the tests, honeycomb samples, including single hexagonal aluminum honeycomb (SHAH) samples and two stack-up combined hexagonal aluminum honeycombs (CHAH) samples, are compressed at a fixed quasistatic loading rate. The results show that the inserting process of CHAH can erase the initial peak stress that occurred in SHAH. Meanwhile, energy-absorbing property of combined honeycomb samples is more beneficial than the one of single honeycomb sample with the same thickness if the two types of honeycomb samples are completely crushed. Then, the applicability of the existing theoretical model for single hexagonal honeycomb is discussed, and an area equivalent method is proposed to calculate the crushing stress for nearly regular hexagonal honeycombs. Furthermore, a semiempirical formula is proposed to calculate the inserting plateau stress of two stack-up CHAH, in which structural parameters and mechanics properties of base material are concerned. The results show that the predicted stresses of three kinds of two stack-up combined honeycombs are in good agreement with the experimental data. Based on this study, stress-displacement curve of aluminum honeycombs can be designed in detail, which is very beneficial to optimize the energy-absorbing structures in engineering fields.
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Wang, A. J., and D. L. McDowell. "In-Plane Stiffness and Yield Strength of Periodic Metal Honeycombs." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 126, no. 2 (March 18, 2004): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1646165.
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In-plane mechanical properties of periodic honeycomb structures with seven different cell types are investigated in this paper. Emphasis is placed on honeycombs with relative density between 0.1 and 0.3, such that initial yield is associated with short column compression or bending, occurring prior to elastic buckling. Effective elastic stiffness and initial yield strength of these metal honeycombs under in-plane compression, shear, and diagonal compression (for cell structures that manifest in-plane anisotropy) are reported as functions of relative density. Comparison among different honeycomb structures demonstrates that the diamond cells, hexagonal periodic supercells composed of six equilateral triangles and the Kagome cells have superior in-plane mechanical properties among the set considered.
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Du, Jianxun, and Peng Hao. "Investigation on Microstructure of Beetle Elytra and Energy Absorption Properties of Bio-Inspired Honeycomb Thin-Walled Structure under Axial Dynamic Crushing." Nanomaterials 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8090667.
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The beetle elytra requires not only to be lightweight to make a beetle fly easily, but also to protect its body and hind-wing from outside damage. The honeycomb sandwich structure in the beetle elytra make it meet the above requirements. In the present work, the microstructures of beetle elytra, including biology layers and thin-walled honeycombs, are observed by scanning electron microscope and discussed. A new bionic honeycomb structure (BHS) with a different hierarchy order of filling cellular structure is established. inspired by elytra internal structure. Then the energy absorbed ability of different bionic models with the different filling cell size are compared by using nonlinear finite element software LS-DYNA (Livermore Software Technology Corp., Livermore, CA, USA). Numerical results show that the absorbed energy of bionic honeycomb structures is increased obviously with the increase of the filling cell size. The findings indicate that the bionic honeycomb structure with second order has an obviously improvement over conventional structures filled with honeycombs and shows great potential for novel clean energy absorption equipment.
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Ali, Imran, and Jing Jun Yu. "Zero Poisson’s Ratio Honeycomb Structures-An FEA Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.329.
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Conventional honeycomb structures show positive Poissons ratio under in-plane loading while Auxetic honeycombs show negative Poissons ratio. Accordion, Hybrid and Semi re-entrant honeycomb structures show zero Poissons ratio, i.e. they show zero or negligible deformation in lateral direction under longitudinal loadings. In this paper an FEA analysis of these three types of structures is made using commercial software ANSYSR14 using 8 node 281 shell elements. Cell wall thickness and cell angle is varied to analyze their effect on elastic modulus Exand global strains along X direction under X-direction loadings. Eyis also analyzed to measure lateral stiffness and deformation behavior of structure for its potential application as flexures.
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Spratt, Myranda, Sudharshan Anandan, Rafid Hussein, Joseph W. Newkirk, K. Chandrashekhara, Misak Heath, and Michael Walker. "Build accuracy and compression properties of additively manufactured 304L honeycombs." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 6 (April 3, 2020): 1049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-08-2018-0201.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the build quality and compression properties of thin-walled 304L honeycomb structures manufactured by selective laser melting. Four honeycomb wall thicknesses, from 0.2 to 0.5 mm, were built and analyzed. Design/methodology/approach The density of the honeycombs was changed by increasing the wall thickness of each sample. The honeycombs were tested under compression. Differences between the computer-assisted design model and the as-built structure were quantified by measuring physical dimensions. The microstructure was evaluated by optical microscopy, density measurements and microhardness. Findings The Vickers hardness of the honeycomb structures was 209 ± 14 at 50 g load. The compression ultimate and yield strength of the honeycomb material were shown to increase as the wall thickness of the honeycomb samples increased. The specific ultimate strength also increased with wall thickness, while the specific yield stress of the honeycomb remained stable at 42 ± 2.7 MPa/g/cm3. The specific ultimate strength minimized near 0.45 mm wall thickness at 82 ± 5 MPa/g/cm3 and increased to 134 ± 3 MPa/g/cm3 at 0.6 mm wall thickness. Originality/value This study highlights a single lightweight metal structure, the honeycomb, built by additive manufacturing (AM). The honeycomb is an interesting structure because it is a well-known building material in the lightweight structural composites field but is still considered a relatively complex geometric shape to fabricate. As shown here, AM techniques can be used to make complex geometric shapes with strong materials to increase the design flexibility of the lightweight structural component industry.
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Miranda, A., M. Leite, L. Reis, E. Copin, MF Vaz, and AM Deus. "Evaluation of the influence of design in the mechanical properties of honeycomb cores used in composite panels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 235, no. 6 (January 12, 2021): 1325–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720985191.
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The aerospace, automotive, and marine industries are heavily reliant on sandwich panels with cellular material cores. Although honeycombs with hexagonal cells are the most commonly used geometries as cores, recently there have been new alternatives in the design of lightweight structures. The present work aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of metallic and polymeric honeycomb structures, with configurations recently proposed and different in-plane orientations, produced by additive and subtractive manufacturing processes. Structures with configurations such as regular hexagonal honeycomb (Hr), lotus (Lt), and hexagonal honeycomb with Plateau borders (Pt), with 0°, 45°, and 90° orientations were analyzed. To evaluate its properties, three-point bending tests were performed, both experimentally and by numerical modeling, by means of the finite element method. Honeycombs of two aluminum alloys and polylactic acid were fabricated. The structures produced in aluminum were obtained either by selective laser melting technology or by machining, while polylactic acid structures were obtained by material extrusion using fused filament fabrication. From the stress distribution analysis and the load–displacement curves, it was possible to evaluate the strength, stiffness, and absorbed energy of the structures. Failure modes were also analyzed for polylactic acid honeycombs. In general, a strong correlation was observed between numerical and experimental results. The results show that the stiffness and absorbed energy increase in the order, Hr, Pt, Lt, and with the orientation through the sequence, 45°, 90°, 0°. Thus, Lt structures with 0° orientation seem to be good alternatives to the traditional honeycombs used in sandwich composite panels for those industrial applications where low weight, high stiffness, and large energy-absorbing capacity are required.
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Avramov, Kostiantyn V., Borys V. Uspenskyi, and Ihor I. Derevianko. "Analytical Calculation of the Mechanical Properties of Honeycombs Printed Using the FDM Additive Manufacturing Technology." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pmach2021.02.016.
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FDM 3D printed honeycombs are investigated. A honeycomb is composed of regular hexagonal cells. A honeycomb is 3D printed so that the fused filament runs along the walls of its cells. We emphasize that the thickness of these walls is one or two times the thickness of the fused filament. When calculating the mechanical properties of a honeycomb, its walls are considered as a Euler-Bernoulli beam bending in one plane. To describe honeycombs, a homogenization procedure is used, which reduces a honeycomb to a homogeneous orthotropic medium. An adequate analytical calculation of the mechanical properties of this medium is the subject of our research. Analytical formulae for calculating the mechanical properties of honeycombs are presented. To assess the adequacy of the calculation results, the analytical data are compared with the results of simulation in the commercial ANSYS package. For this, the mechanical properties of the honeycombs made of the ULTEM 9085 material are determined numerically. To assess these properties, from a large number of analytical formulae are selected those that predict them adequately. As a result of calculations, an analytical prediction of all mechanical properties is obtained, with the exception of the in-plane shear modulus of a honeycomb. This is due to the fact that to simulate such a shear modulus one has to use a three-dimensional theory that does not have an adequate analytical description. A thin aluminum honeycomb was considered. In the future, three-layer structures with such a honeycomb will be investigated. Analytical results for ULTEM 9085 and aluminum honeycombs are similar.
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Jiang, Caigui, Jun Wang, Johannes Wallner, and Helmut Pottmann. "Freeform Honeycomb Structures." Computer Graphics Forum 33, no. 5 (August 2014): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.12444.
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Houssem Eddine, Fiala, Benmansour Toufik, and Issasfa Brahim. "Modeling of hexagonal honeycomb hybrids for variation of Poisson’s ratio." Materials Testing 64, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0003.
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Abstract In this research, the compressive behavior of structures consisting of two types of cells were studied (honeycombs and re-entrant), in order to know the effect of the ratios of these cells on the mechanical properties of the structures. In addition, by controlling the Poisson’s ratio with a constant Young’s modulus, three types of structures (traditional honeycomb, auxetic and zero Poisson’s ratio (ZPR)) were obtained together with the ability to control their mechanical properties without changing the geometric properties of the cell. Numerical models were created and compared with the results obtained from the structures manufactured by the 3D printer experimentally, and where the Young’s modulus, Poisson factor and compressive deformation were close to the experimental results. In this current research, new structures have been proposed by incorporating traditional honeycomb cells with auxiliary honeycomb cells into a single structure without changing the cell geometry. The aim was to control the Poisson’s ratio in order to obtain all types of structures mentioned above without changing the geometric properties of the cell.
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Yalçın, Bekir, Berkay Ergene, and Uçan Karakılınç. "Modal and Stress Analysis of Cellular Structures Produced with Additive Manufacturing by Finite Element Analysis (FEA)." Academic Perspective Procedia 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.52.
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Cellular structures such as regular/irregular honeycombs and re-entrants are known as lighter, high level flexibility and more efficient materials; these cellular structures have been mainly designed with topology optimization and obtained with new additive manufacturing methods for aircraft industry, automotive, medical, sports and leisure sectors. For this aim, the effect of cellular structures such as the honeycomb and re-entrant on vibration and stress-strain behaviors were determined under compression and vibration condition by finite elements analyses (FEA). In FEA, the re-entrant and honeycomb structures were modeled firstly and then the stress and displacement values for each structure were obtained. Secondly, vibration behaviors of these foam structures were estimated under determined boundary conditions. In conclusion, the effect of topology in foam structures on vibration and mechanical behaviour were exhibited in FEA results. The obtained stress results of FEA show that all stresses (?x, ?y, ?vm, ?xy) are lower on honeycomb structure than reentrant structure. Besides, natural frequency values (?1, ?2, ?3) and appearance of each structure were observed by using FEA.
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YIN, HANFENG, GUILIN WEN, and NIANFEI GAN. "CRASHWORTHINESS DESIGN FOR HONEYCOMB STRUCTURES UNDER AXIAL DYNAMIC LOADING." International Journal of Computational Methods 08, no. 04 (November 20, 2011): 863–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876211002885.
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For a honeycomb structure used for absorbing crash energy and protecting the safety of human or instruments, the bigger the specific energy absorption (SEA) is, the more popular it would be when the peak crushing stress (σp) was retained small enough. In order to improve the energy absorption capacity, crashworthiness optimization for honeycomb structures with various cell specifications are studied in this paper. Detailed numerical models are established for those honeycomb structures by using an explicit finite element method code LS-DYNA. The numerical simulation results are then used as the design samples for constructing metamodels. The optimal Latin hypercube design (OLHD) method is employed for the selection of sampling design points in the design space, and the polynomial functions, radial basis functions (RBF), Kriging, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and support vector regression (SVR) are utilized to formulate the two optimal objectives SEA and σp. It is found that the polynomial function is the most efficient in constructing the crashworthiness metamodels of honeycombs among the above-mentioned methods. Then, the polynomial function models of SEA and σp are chosen as the surrogate models in the crashworthiness optimization. In order to further validate the polynomial function models, the polynomial function models of SEA and σp are compared with the analytical solutions based on Wierzbicki's theory and Kunimoto and Yamada's theory, respectively. An excellent correlation has been established. As such, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MOPSOA) is applied to obtain the Pareto front of SEA with σp of the honeycomb structures with various cell specifications, which has resulted in a range of optimal designs of honeycomb structures by the multi-objective optimization.
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Giarmas, Evangelos, Konstantinos Tsongas, Emmanouil K. Tzimtzimis, Apostolos Korlos, and Dimitrios Tzetzis. "Mechanical and FEA-Assisted Characterization of 3D Printed Continuous Glass Fiber Reinforced Nylon Cellular Structures." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 12 (November 27, 2021): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5120313.
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The main objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical behavior of 3D printed fiberglass-reinforced nylon honeycomb structures. A Continuous Fiber Fabrication (CFF) 3D printer was used since it makes it possible to lay continuous strands of fibers inside the 3D printed geometries at selected locations across the width in order to optimize the bending behavior. Nylon and nylon/fiberglass honeycomb structures were tested under a three-point bending regime. The microstructure of the filaments and the 3D printed fractured surfaces following bending tests were examined with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The modulus of the materials was also evaluated using the nanoindentation technique. The behavior of the 3D printed structures was simulated with a Finite Element Model (FEM). The experimental and simulation results demonstrated that 3D printed continuous fiberglass reinforcement is possible to selectively adjust the bending strength of the honeycombs. When glass fibers are located near the top and bottom faces of honeycombs, the bending strength is maximized.
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Zhu, Xuefeng, Longkun Xu, Xiaochen Liu, Jinting Xu, Ping Hu, and Zheng-Dong Ma. "Theoretical prediction of mechanical properties of 3D printed Kagome honeycombs and its experimental evaluation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 18 (July 16, 2019): 6559–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219860538.
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Kagome honeycomb structure is proved to incorporate excellent mechanical and actuation performances due to its special configuration. However, until now, the mechanical properties of 3D printed Kagome honeycomb have not been investigated. Hence, the objective of this work is to explore some mechanical properties of 3D-printed Kagome honeycomb structures such as elastic properties, buckling, and so on. In this paper, the analytical formulas of some mechanical properties of Kagome honeycombs made of 3D-printed materials are given. Effective elastic moduli such as Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio of orthotropic Kagome honeycombs under in-plane compression and shear are derived in analytical forms. By these formulas, we investigate the relationship of the elastic moduli, the relative density, and the shape anisotropy–ratio of 3D-printed Kagome honeycomb. By the uniaxial tensile testing, the effective Young's moduli of 3D printed materials in the lateral and longitudinal directions are obtained. Then, by the analytical formulas and the experimental results, we can predict the maximum Young's moduli and the maximum shear modulus of 3D-printed Kagome honeycombs. The isotropic behavior of 3D-printed Kagome honeycombs is investigated. We also derived the equations of the initial yield strength surfaces and the buckling surfaces. We found that the sizes of the buckling surfaces of 3D printed material are smaller than that of isotropic material. The efficiency of the presented analytical formulas is verified through the tensile testing of 3D printed Kagome honeycomb specimens.
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Zhou, Hui, Ping Xu, and Suchao Xie. "Composite energy-absorbing structures combining thin-walled metal and honeycomb structures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no. 4 (February 9, 2016): 394–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716631579.
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The energy-absorbing structure of a crashworthy railway vehicle was designed by combining the characteristics of thin-walled metal structures and aluminum honeycomb structures: finite element models of collisions involving energy-absorbing structures were built in ANSYS/LS-DYNA. In these models, the thin-walled metal structure was modeled as a plastic kinematic hardening material, and the honeycomb structure was modeled as an equivalent solid model with orthotropic–anisotropic mechanical properties. The analysis showed that the safe velocity standard for rail vehicle collisions was improved from 25 km/h to 45 km/h by using a combined energy-absorbing structure; its energy absorption exceeded the sum of the energy absorbed by the thin-walled metal structure and honeycomb structure when loaded separately, because of the interaction effects of thin-walled metal structure and aluminum honeycomb structure. For an aluminum honeycomb to the same specification, the composite structure showed the highest SEA when using a thin-walled metal structure composed of bi-grooved tubes, followed by that using single-groove tubes: that with a straight-walled structure had the lowest SEA.
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Zhang, Shuwen, and Tao Fan. "Impact behaviour of hexagonal hierarchical honeycombs." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 24, no. 3 (February 16, 2022): 1597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10996362211041647.
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Honeycomb materials have been widely used in architecture, aerospace, and civil engineering in recent years. In this work, hexagonal hierarchical honeycombs with regular triangular substructures are studied. Based on the analytical model, expressions of the relative density and collapse stress are derived. Numerical results show that the substructure number, aspect ratio, and wall angle have different influences on the relative density. The collapse stress of hexagonal hierarchical honeycombs is sensitive to the relative density. Deformation modes of honeycomb structures depend on impact velocities, and secondary deformation is observed due to the introduction of triangular substructures. The kinetic energy and absorption energy of hexagonal hierarchical honeycombs are also provided to investigate the energy transformation and absorption. Because of the secondary deformation, hierarchical honeycombs have better energy absorption performance than conventional ones.
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Mat Rejab, Mohd Ruzaimi, W. A. W. Hassan, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, and Dandi Bachtiar. "Specific Properties of Novel Two-Dimensional Square Honeycomb Composite Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 694–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.694.
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Hexagonal honeycomb cores have found extensive applications particularly in the aerospace and naval industries. In view of the recent interest in novel strong and lightweight core architectures, square honeycomb cores were manufactured and tested under uniform lateral compression. A slotting technique has been used to manufacture the square honeycomb cores based on three different materials; glass fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP), carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and self-reinforced polypropylene (SRPP). As semi-rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam was placed in each of unit cells to further stiffen the core structure. The core then was bonded to two skins to form a sandwich structure. The compressive responses of the sandwich structures were measured as a function of relative density. In this paper, particular focus is placed on examining the compression strength and energy absorption characteristics of the square honeycombs with and without the additional foam core. Comparisons in terms of specific strength and specific energy absorption have shown that the CFRP core offers excellent properties. The presence of the foam core significantly increases the energy absorption capability of overall structure and the SRPP core could potentially be used as an alternative lightweight core material in recyclable sandwich structures.
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Lascano, Diego, Rene Guillen-Pineda, Luis Quiles-Carrillo, Juan Ivorra-Martínez, Rafael Balart, Nestor Montanes, and Teodomiro Boronat. "Manufacturing and Characterization of Highly Environmentally Friendly Sandwich Composites from Polylactide Cores and Flax-Polylactide Faces." Polymers 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030342.
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This work focuses on the manufacturing and characterization of highly environmentally friendly lightweight sandwich structures based on polylactide (PLA) honeycomb cores and PLA-flax fabric laminate skins or facings. PLA honeycombs were manufactured using PLA sheets with different thicknesses ranging from 50 to 500 μm. The PLA sheets were shaped into semi-hexagonal profiles by hot-compression molding. After this stage, the different semi-hexagonal sheets were bonded together to give hexagonal panels. The skins were manufactured by hot-compression molding by stacking two Biotex flax/PLA fabrics with 40 wt% PLA fibers. The combined use of temperature (200 °C), pressure, and time (2 min) allowed PLA fibers to melt, flow, and fully embed the flax fabrics, thus leading to thin composite laminates to be used as skins. Sandwich structures were finally obtained by bonding the PLA honeycomb core with the PLA-flax skins using an epoxy adhesive. A thin PLA nonwoven was previously attached to the external hexagonal PLA core, to promote mechanical interlock between the core and the skins. The influence of the honeycomb core thickness on the final flexural and compression properties was analyzed. The obtained results indicate that the core thickness has a great influence on the flexural properties, which increases with core thickness; nevertheless, as expected, the bonding between the PLA honeycomb core and the skins is critical. Excellent results have been obtained with 10 and 20 mm thickness honeycombs with a core shear of about 0.60 and facing bending stresses of 31–33 MPa, which can be considered as candidates for technical applications. The ultimate load to the sample weight ratio reached values of 141.5 N·g−1 for composites with 20 mm thick PLA honeycombs, which is comparable to other technical composite sandwich structures. The bonding between the core and the skins is critical as poor adhesion does not allow load transfer and, while the procedure showed in this research gives interesting results, new developments are necessary to obtain standard properties on sandwich structures.
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Vesenjak, Matej, Andreas Öchsner, and Zoran Ren. "Evaluation of Thermal and Mechanical Filler Gas Influence on Honeycomb Structures Behavior." Materials Science Forum 553 (August 2007): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.553.190.
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In this paper the behavior of hexagonal honeycombs under dynamic in-plane loading is described. Additionally, the presence and influence of the filler gas inside the honeycomb cells is considered. Such structures are subjected to very large deformation during an impact, where the filler gas might strongly affect their behavior and the capability of deformational energy absorption, especially at very low relative densities. The purpose of this research was therefore to evaluate the influence of filler gas on the macroscopic cellular structure behavior under dynamic uniaxial loading conditions by means of computational simulations. The LS-DYNA code has been used for this purpose, where a fully coupled interaction between the honeycomb structure and the filler gas was simulated. Different relative densities, initial pore pressures and strain rates have been considered. The computational results clearly show the influence of the filler gas on the macroscopic behavior of analyzed honeycomb structures. Because of very large deformation of the cellular structure, the gas inside the cells is also enormously compressed which results in very high gas temperatures and contributes to increased crash energy absorption capability. The evaluated results are valuable for further research considering also the heat transfer in honeycomb structures and for investigations of variation of the base material mechanical properties due to increased gas temperatures under impact loading conditions.
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Beggs, Stanley L., Frank J. Riel, and D. W. R. Lawson. "Honeycomb noise attenuating structures." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 79, no. 5 (May 1986): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.393249.
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Yang, Dongxia, Lihua Guo, and Changsheng Fan. "Mechanical Behavior of 3D-Printed Thickness Gradient Honeycomb Structures." Materials 17, no. 12 (June 14, 2024): 2928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17122928.
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In order to obtain a lightweight, high-strength, and customizable cellular structure to meet the needs of modern production and life, the mechanical properties of four thickness gradient honeycomb structures were studied. In this paper, four types of honeycomb structure specimens with the same porosity and different Poisson’s ratios were designed and manufactured by using SLA 3D-printing technology, including the honeycomb, square honeycomb, quasi-square honeycomb, and re-entrant honeycomb structures. Based on the plane compression mechanical properties and failure mode analysis of these specimens, the thickness gradient is applied to the honeycomb structure, and four structural forms of the thickness gradient honeycomb structure are formed. The experimental results show that the thickness gradient honeycomb structure exhibits better mechanical properties than the honeycomb structure with a uniform cellular wall thickness. In the studied thickness gradient honeycomb structure, the mechanical properties of the whole structure can be significantly improved by increasing the thickness of cell walls at the upper and lower ends of the structure. The wall thickness, arrangement order, shape, and Poisson’s ratio of the cell all have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the specimens. These results provide an effective basis for the design and application of cellular structures in the future.
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Stoica, Constantin-Romica, Raluca Maier, Anca-Mihaela Istrate, Sebastian-Gabriel Bucaciuc, and Alexandra Despa. "Impact Behavior Analysis of 3-D Printed Honeycomb Structures." Materiale Plastice 59, no. 3 (October 3, 2022): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.22.3.5607.
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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the behaviour of 3D printed honeycomb structures under low velocity impact loading for their use in energy absorption applications. Additive manufacturing technologies are part of a growing field that represents high interest for industries such as aerospace, automotive and naval. This paper aims to determine the mechanical properties of a 3D printed polymer - Polylactic Acid (PLA) manufactured by FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) technology. In this regard, first the material is characterized by low velocity impact dynamic experimental tests. A finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed in LS-Dyna software in order to validate the results. The samples were manufactured by varying the infill percent to investigate the influence of different parameters on a batch of samples for every configuration. The 3D CAD modelling for impact tests samples were performed in Catia V5. Among wide range of cellular structures, honeycomb non-auxetic hexagonal cell pattern was selected in this study, assuring high strength/weight ratio. The amount of energy absorbed during the impact, the failure and degradation of the impacted specimens were monitored, following the analysis of experimental and numerical data. A fair agreement was obtained between experimental and numerical results, showing that honeycomb developed lightweight structures exhibits a proper energy absorption capacity, with a mechanism of release similar to metal or composite materials honeycombs.
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Zhang, Jun-hua, Bao-juan Dong, Bince He, and Ying Sun. "Free Vibrations and Impact Resistance of a Functionally Graded Honeycomb Sandwich Plate." Shock and Vibration 2021 (November 20, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8043368.
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The functionally graded honeycomb has the characteristic of light weight, low density, high impact resistance, noise reduction, and energy absorption as a kind of new composite inhomogeneous materials. It has the advantages of both functionally graded materials and honeycombs. In this paper, a functionally graded honeycomb sandwich plate with functionally graded distributed along the thickness of the plate is constructed. The equivalent elastic parameters of the functionally graded honeycomb core are given. Based on Reddy’s higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) and Hamilton’s principle, the governing partial differential equation of motion is derived under four simply supported boundary conditions. The natural frequencies of the graded honeycomb sandwich plate are obtained by both the Navier method from the governing equation and the finite element model. The results obtained by the two methods are consistent. Based on this, the effects of parameters and graded on the natural frequencies of the functionally graded honeycomb sandwich plate are studied. Finally, the dynamic responses of the functionally graded honeycomb sandwich plate under low-speed impacts are studied. The results obtained in this paper will provide a theoretical basis for further study of the complex dynamics of functionally graded honeycomb structures.
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Xie, Lu, Tianhua Wang, Chenwei He, Zhihui Sun, and Qing Peng. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Mechanical and Piezoelectric Properties of Boron Nitride Honeycomb Structures." Nanomaterials 9, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9071044.
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Boron nitride honeycomb structure is a new three-dimensional material similar to carbon honeycomb, which has attracted a great deal of attention due to its special structure and properties. In this paper, the tensile mechanical properties of boron nitride honeycomb structures in the zigzag, armchair and axial directions are studied at room temperature by using molecular dynamics simulations. Effects of temperature and strain rate on mechanical properties are also discussed. According to the observed tensile mechanical properties, the piezoelectric effect in the zigzag direction was analyzed for boron nitride honeycomb structures. The obtained results showed that the failure strains of boron nitride honeycomb structures under tensile loading were up to 0.83, 0.78 and 0.55 in the armchair, zigzag and axial directions, respectively, at room temperature. These findings indicated that boron nitride honeycomb structures have excellent ductility at room temperature. Moreover, temperature had a significant effect on the mechanical and tensile mechanical properties of boron nitride honeycomb structures, which can be improved by lowering the temperature within a certain range. In addition, strain rate affected the maximum tensile strength and failure strain of boron nitride honeycomb structures. Furthermore, due to the unique polarization of boron nitride honeycomb structures, they possessed an excellent piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric coefficient e obtained from molecular dynamics was 0.702 C / m 2 , which was lower than that of the monolayer boron nitride honeycomb structures, e = 0.79 C / m 2 . Such excellent piezoelectric properties and failure strain detected in boron nitride honeycomb structures suggest a broad prospect for the application of these new materials in novel nanodevices with ultrahigh tensile mechanical properties and ultralight-weight materials.
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Yang, Yang, Fan Wang, and Jieshan Liu. "Application of Honeycomb Structures in Key Components of Space Deployable Structures." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (November 8, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4756272.
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The reed structure is the key component in the foldable space deployment mechanism. In the aerospace industry, weight loss occupies a pivotal position. The use of lightweight structure can achieve significant savings in launch costs and improve load efficiency. Aiming at the lightweight requirements of the space deployment mechanism, this paper discusses the substitution effect of the honeycomb topology on the reed structure in the space deployment structure. Firstly, the column structure of the honeycomb is equivalent to an orthotropic cylindrical block-shell structure. According to the bending theory of an orthotropic cylinder, the expanded honeycomb structure equivalent to an orthotropic cylindrical block-shell structure is deduced. Then, the exact expression of the reverse bending moment was obtained, and the bending moment-curvature curve during the folding process was drawn. The bending moment-curvature characteristics during the folding process are simulated by finite element numerical simulation. By proposing the index of unit mass for analysis and comparison, the results show that compared with the common spring steel structure, the honeycomb structure has better mechanical properties per unit mass and has a certain substitution effect on the reed structure.
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Liu, Weidong, Honglin Li, Jiong Zhang, and Hongda Li. "Theoretical analysis on the elasticity of a novel accordion cellular honeycomb core with in-plane curved beams." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 3 (April 11, 2018): 702–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218768174.
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Flexible skin is an essential component for morphing wind turbine blade to maintain a smooth profile and bear aerodynamic loads during morphing. Cellular honeycomb cores with low in-plane and high out-of-plane stiffness are potential candidates for support structures of flexible skin. Honeycomb structure also requires zero Poisson’s ratio to avoid unnecessary stress and strain during one-dimensional morphing. A novel accordion cellular honeycomb core of close-to-zero Poisson’s ratio with in-plane corrugated U-type beams was proposed as a solution for these problems. The elastic properties of the structure are illustrated through a combination of theoretical analysis and finite element analysis. Results show that better in-plane morphing and out-of-plane load-bearing capabilities can be obtained with parameters of larger height-to-length ratio, spacing-to-length ratio and vertical beam to U-type beam thickness ratio as well as smaller thickness-to-length ratio. Results of comparisons on properties of the proposed honeycomb with two existing accordion honeycombs reveal that the in-plane elastic modulus of the proposed structure is as low as about 56% of that of the accordion honeycomb with V-type beams and 79% of that of the accordion honeycomb with cosine beams, showing better in-plane property but weaker out-of-plane load-bearing capability. Nevertheless, the out-of-plane load-bearing capability can be reinforced by increasing the vertical beam to U-type beam thickness ratio. Smaller driving force and less energy consumption are required by the proposed honeycomb core than conventional structures during morphing. The methods and results could be used for predictions of elasticity in design of sandwich morphing skin with similar cellular honeycomb cores.
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Alia, RA, O. Al-Ali, S. Kumar, and WJ Cantwell. "The energy-absorbing characteristics of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy honeycomb structures." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 1145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318796161.
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This paper investigates the compression properties and energy-absorbing characteristics of a carbon fiber-reinforced honeycomb structure manufactured using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding method (VARTM). The composite core materials were manufactured using a machined steel baseplate onto which hexagonal blocks were secured. A unidirectional carbon fiber fabric was inserted into the slots and the resulting mold was vacuum bagged and infused with a two-part epoxy resin. After curing, the hexagonal blocks were removed, leaving a well-defined composite honeycomb structure. Samples were then cut from the composite cores and inspected in an X-ray computed tomography machine prior to testing. Mechanical tests on the honeycomb structures yielded compression strengths of up to 35 MPa and specific energy absorption values in excess of 47 kJ/kg. When normalized by the density of the core, the resulting values of specific strength were significantly higher than those measured on traditional core materials. The unidirectional cores failed as a result of longitudinal splitting through the thickness of the core, whereas the multidirectional honeycombs failed in a combined splitting/fiber fracture mode, absorbing significantly more energy than their unidirectional counterparts. Increasing the weight fraction of fibers served to increase the strength and energy-absorbing capacity of the core. Finally, it was also shown that introducing a chamfer acted to reduce the initial peak force and precipitate a more stable mode of failure.
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Xie, Zong Hong, Jun Feng Sun, Wei Li, Jian Zhao, and Xi Shan Yue. "Study on the Equivalent Thermal Conductivity of Superalloy Honeycomb Core Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.194.
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The equivalent thermal conductivity of superalloy honeycomb core structures have been studied by experimental method. Test results show that the decrease in honeycomb core height and the increase in honeycomb core diameter would lead to a lower equivalent thermal conductivity for superalloy honeycomb cores. Filling adiabatic materials such as ZrO2 fibers and SiO2 aerogels into core cells would significantly reduce the equivalent thermal conductivity of honeycomb cores with a minor penalty in structure weight.
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Alia, RA, J. Zhou, ZW Guan, Q. Qin, Y. Duan, and WJ Cantwell. "The effect of loading rate on the compression properties of carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy honeycomb structures." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 19 (January 14, 2020): 2565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319900364.
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The effect of varying strain rate on the compression strength and energy absorption characteristics of a carbon fibre-reinforced plastic honeycomb core has been investigated over a wide range of loading rates. The honeycombs were manufactured by infusing an epoxy resin through a carbon fibre fabric positioned in a dismountable honeycomb mould. The vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding technique yielded honeycomb cores of a high quality with few defects. Compression tests were undertaken on single and multiple cells and representative volumes removed from the cores in order to assess how the compression strength and specific energy absorption vary with test rate. Crushing tests over the range of strain rates considered highlighted the impressive strength and energy-absorbing response of the honeycomb cores. At quasi-static rates of loading, the compression strength and specific energy absorption characteristics of the unidirectional samples exceeded those of the multidirectional cores. Here, extensive longitudinal splitting and fibre fracture were the predominant failure mechanisms in the cores. For all three stacking sequences, the single-cell samples offer higher compression strength than their five-cell counterparts. In contrast, the specific energy absorption values were found to be slightly higher in the five-cell cores. The experiments highlighted a trend of increased compression strength with loading rate in the multidirectional samples, whereas the strength of the [0°]4 samples was relatively insensitive to strain rate. Finally, the energy absorbing capacity of all structures studied was found to be reasonably constant at increasing rates of strain.
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Yang, Rui, Dong-Mei Wang, Ning Liang, and Yan-Feng Guo. "Maximum Vibration Transmissibility of Paper Honeycomb Sandwich Structures." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 06 (June 2019): 1971003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419710032.
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The maximum vibration transmissibility of paper honeycomb sandwich structures with different sizes of honeycomb core under various static stresses was investigated using the sine frequency sweep test. The effects of the cell length of the honeycomb, the thickness of the sandwich structure, and the static stress on the maximum vibration transmissibility were evaluated and a linear polynomial equation for evaluating the maximum vibration transmissibility was obtained. The results show that the maximum vibration transmissibility increases steadily with the increase in the cell length of the honeycomb, the thickness of the sandwich structure, and the static stress. The proposed equation for the maximum vibration transmissibility is suitable for predicting the maximum vibration transmissibility of paper honeycomb sandwich structures. In addition, the fitted three-dimensional diagrams of the effects of the factors on the maximum vibration transmissibility derived from the evaluation equation were shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Connal, Luke A., George V. Franks, and Greg G. Qiao. "Photochromic, Metal-Absorbing Honeycomb Structures." Langmuir 26, no. 13 (July 6, 2010): 10397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la100686m.
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Kumar, Vinod, Neha Bhardwaj, Nobel Tomar, Vaishali Thakral, and S. Uma. "Novel Lithium-Containing Honeycomb Structures." Inorganic Chemistry 51, no. 20 (October 4, 2012): 10471–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic301125n.
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Cohal, V. "Spot Welding of Honeycomb Structures." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 227 (August 2017): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/227/1/012029.
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Qiao, Yuning, Yong Peng, Ping Cheng, Xuefei Zhou, Fang Wang, Fan Li, Kui Wang, Chao Yu, and Honggang Wang. "Study on the Cell Magnification Equivalent Method in Out-of-Plane Compression Simulations of Aluminum Honeycomb." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031882.
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The large scale and long calculation times are unavoidable problems in modeling honeycomb structures with large sizes and dense cells. The cell magnification equivalent is the main method to solve those problems. This study finds that honeycomb structures with the same thickness-to-length ratios have the same mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics. The improved equivalent finite element models of honeycomb structures with the same thickness-to-length ratios were established and validated by experiments. Based on the validated finite element model of the equivalent honeycomb structures, the out-of-plane compression behaviors of honeycomb structures were analyzed by LS-DYNA software. The results show that the performance of honeycomb structures is not equivalent before and after cell magnification. Thus, the cell magnification results were further subjected to CORA (correlation analysis) to determine the magnification time and prove the accuracy of the cell magnification time through drop-weight impact tests. In addition, a first-order decay exponential function (ExpDec1) for predicting cell magnification time was obtained by analyzing the relationship between the cell wall length and the cell magnification time.
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Dong, Jiajing, Songtao Ying, Zhuohao Qiu, Xixi Bao, Chengyi Chu, Hao Chen, Jianjun Guo, and Aihua Sun. "Advanced Design and Fabrication of Dual-Material Honeycombs for Improved Stiffness and Resilience." Micromachines 14, no. 11 (November 18, 2023): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14112120.
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Auxetic re-entrant honeycomb (AREH) structures, consisting of a single soft or tough material, have long faced the challenge of balancing stiffness and rebound resilience. To achieve this balance, dual-material printing technology is employed to enhance shock absorption by combining layers of soft and tough materials. Additionally, a novel structure called the curved re-entrant honeycomb (CREH) structure has been introduced to improve stiffness. The selected materials for processing the composite structures of AREH and CREH are the rigid thermoplastic polymer polylactic acid (PLA) and the soft rubber material thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), created utilizing fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology. The influence of the material system and structure type on stress distribution and mechanical response was subsequently investigated. The results revealed that the dual-material printed structures demonstrated later entry into the densification phase compared to the single-material printed structures. Moreover, the soft material in the interlayer offered exceptional protection, thereby ensuring the overall integrity of the structure. These findings effectively serve as a reference for the design of dual-material re-entrant honeycombs.
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Zhao, Guanxiao, Tao Fu, and Jiaxing Li. "Study on Concave Direction Impact Performance of Similar Concave Hexagon Honeycomb Structure." Materials 16, no. 8 (April 21, 2023): 3262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16083262.
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Based on the traditional concave hexagonal honeycomb structure, three kinds of concave hexagonal honeycomb structures were compared. The relative densities of traditional concave hexagonal honeycomb structures and three other classes of concave hexagonal honeycomb structures were derived using the geometric structure. The impact critical velocity of the structures was derived by using the 1-D impact theory. The in-plane impact characteristics and deformation modes of three kinds of similar concave hexagonal honeycomb structures in the concave direction at low, medium, and high velocity were analyzed using the finite element software ABAQUS. The results showed that the honeycomb structure of the cells of the three types undergoes two stages: concave hexagons and parallel quadrilaterals, at low velocity. For this reason, there are two stress platforms in the process of strain. With the increase in the velocity, the joints and middle of some cells form a glue-linked structure due to inertia. No excessive parallelogram structure appears, resulting in the blurring or even disappearance of the second stress platform. Finally, effects of different structural parameters on the plateau stress and energy absorption of structures similar to concave hexagons were obtained during low impact. The results provide a powerful reference for the negative Poisson’s ratio honeycomb structure under multi-directional impact.
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Nishya, N., M. Ramachandran, Sivaji Chinnasami, S. Sowmiya, and Sriram Soniya. "Investigation of Various Honey comb Structure and Its Application." Construction and Engineering Structures 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/ces/1/1/1.
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This paper provides comprehensive test results. Preliminary studies on paper honeycomb machine modelling structures always focus on static conditions; some random innovative honeycomb based paper honeycomb structures have their best mechanical performance And have received considerable attention in recent years due to specific activities. Inspired by bee hive, architecture, transportation, mechanical engineering, found wide applications in various fields including chemistry and using the first-principles of two-dimensional hive structures Explored the electronic properties of molybdenum disulfide. In this study, a new broadband microwave-absorbing honeycomb system was designed and fabricated using a new concept. Based on past studies of beetle front wing structures, we have developed an approach to creating honeycomb plates in an integrated body shape. Honeycomb structures widely used in vehicle and aerospace applications due to its high strength and low weight. Sample and we calculated first-principles within the density-function Theory for the study of structural, electronic and magnetic properties of boron-nitride honeycomb structure. Focusing on future electronics technologies and their potential impact on the attractive phenomena exposed in these integrated aluminium hives is considered a promising framework. The formation of a two-dimensional triangular finite element, including additional freedom, was derived based on Eringen's principle of micro polar elasticity. The structural, electronic, optical and vibration properties of zinc antimonate monolayer and their functional structures are explored. Due to the increasing technological development in various industries and the combined need for energy absorption, we have created honeycomb structural images of different diameters with light shock absorbers such as honeycomb structure
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Wang, Rong, Yongxiong Chen, Xiaonan Yan, Nan Cong, Delei Fang, Peipei Zhang, Xiubing Liang, and Wenwang Wu. "Experimental Investigations on the Mechanical Performances of Auxetic Metal-Ceramic Hybrid Lattice under Quasi-Static Compression and Dynamic Ballistic Loading." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (June 27, 2023): 7564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137564.
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In recent years, there have been increasing research interests in investigating the compression and ballistic responses of metal-ceramic hybrid structures, mainly making use of the synergistic effects of conventional metal honeycomb structures and infilled ceramic matrix materials. In this paper, a novel hybrid auxetic re-entrant metal-ceramic lattice is designed and manufactured to overcome the intrinsic conflicts between the strength and toughness of architected mechanical metamaterials, synergistic effects of auxetic re-entrant metal honeycombs and infilled ceramic materials are experimentally and numerically studied, and auxetic deformation features and failure modes are characterized with the digital image correlation (DIC) technique as well. It was found that (1) the infilled ceramic matrix of conventional honeycomb frames only endure longitudinal compression or impact loading along the external loading direction, while auxetic metal re-entrant honeycomb components endure both longitudinal and transverse loading due to the negative Poisson′s ratio effect and (2) the collaborative effects of infilled auxetics and the constraint frames’ hybrid structure dramatically moderate the stress concentration state and improve the impact resistance of single-phase ceramic materials. Our results indicate that the auxetic hybrid design exhibits promising industrial application potentials for blast protection engineering.
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Subhani, T. "Mechanical Performance of Honeycomb Sandwich Structures Using Three-Point Bend Test." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 3955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2597.
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In this study, honeycomb sandwich structures were prepared and tested. Facesheets of sandwich structures were manufactured by carbon fiber epoxy matrix composites while Nomex® honeycomb was used as core material. An epoxy-based adhesive film was used to bond the composite facesheets with honeycomb core. Four different curing temperatures ranging from 100oC to 130oC were applied with curing times of 2h and 3h. Three-point bend test was performed to investigate the mechanical performance of honeycomb sandwich structures and thus optimize the curing parameters. It was revealed that the combination of a temperature of 110oC along with a curing time of 2h offered the optimum mechanical performance together with low damage in honeycomb core and facesheets.
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Zhang, Yafei, Yuqing Zhai, Shiwei Min, and Yihua Dou. "The Influence of Layer Stacking Method on the Mechanical Properties of Honeycomb Skeleton." Materials 16, no. 14 (July 10, 2023): 4933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16144933.
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The performance of a multi-layer honeycomb skeleton can be significantly enhanced through tandem connection, while the structure’s properties can be tailored by altering the layer stacking method of the honeycomb skeleton. To investigate the impact of layer stacking methods on the mechanical properties of multilayer honeycomb skeletons, 3D printing technology was used to prepare double-layer honeycomb skeleton tandem structures with different dislocation modes in compression testing. A finite element simulation model was established to conduct quasi-static simulation research. Compared to that of a single-layer honeycomb skeleton, the energy absorption of the honeycomb skeleton tandem structure increased. The optimal bearing capacity of the honeycomb skeleton was achieved when the upper and lower layers were precisely aligned. Once dislocation occurred, both the value of average platform stress and energy absorption decreased. Then, the bearing capacity of the honeycomb skeleton tandem structures increased with an enlargement of the dislocation, reaching its maximum at the half-dislocation period. An increase in the partition thickness and stiffness led to a reduction in the dislocation-induced effects on the mechanical properties. The research results can provide theoretical and data support for the engineering application of honeycomb skeleton tandem structures.
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Onyibo, Emmanuel Chukwueloka, and Babak Safaei. "Application of finite element analysis to honeycomb sandwich structures: a review." Reports in Mechanical Engineering 3, no. 1 (December 15, 2022): 283–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/rme20023032022o.
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Honeycomb sandwich is really one of the fundamentals to make a composite strong, stiff, very light, safe and have wonderful performance. Honeycomb materials are majorly used where high strength to weight ratio, stiffness to weight ratio is needed. Honeycomb sandwich consist of two face sheet or skin and a light core which can take many shapes, the common is hexagonal shape. The core handles shear load, while the skins resist compression and tension. This paper aims to guide the design of honeycomb sandwich structures done with finite element analysis software. The characteristic of honeycomb at microstructure and unit cell will be discussed Moreover, much demand on light weight honeycomb structures that can withstand heavy loads under different working condition are on high demand. Experimental approach can be time consuming and costly, this created room for massive research using FEA on loading response with various cores and thickness, in order to investigate the mechanical properties. This study will focus on the FEA of honeycomb sandwich done by many researches currently on commercial software’s ANSYS and ABAQUS, this will be a guideline for researches to see what has been done and what is obtainable using FEA software.
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ZAHID, BILAL, HAFSA JAMSHAID, RAJPUT ABDUL WAQAR, YAHYA MOHAMAD FAIZUL, and KHATRI SHAKEEL. "Effect of cell size on tensile strength and elongation properties of honeycomb weave." Industria Textila 70, no. 02 (2019): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.070.02.1558.
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The fabric developed from honeycomb weave is a multilayer fabric having variable strength and elongation. Properties of these structures depend on the cell size of the honeycomb weave. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of cell size on the tensile strength in terms of breaking force and elongation of the honeycomb weave structures. In this paper, three different cell sizes of honeycomb fabrics were created and analysed in both warp and weft direction for its tensile properties. Analysis shows significant results in the warp direction and weft direction of honeycomb fabric.
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Chang, Bianhong, Zhenning Wang, and Guangjian Bi. "Study on the Energy Absorption Characteristics of Different Composite Honeycomb Sandwich Structures under Impact Energy." Applied Sciences 14, no. 7 (March 27, 2024): 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14072832.
Full textAbstract:
A honeycomb structure is a sandwich structure widely used in fuselage, among which the hexagonal honeycomb core is the most widely used. The energy absorption characteristics and impedance ability of the structure are the main reasons that directly affect the energy absorption characteristics of the honeycomb sandwich structure. Therefore, it is necessary to study the out-of-plane mechanical properties of the composite honeycomb sandwich structure. Based on the numerical simulation results, the energy absorption characteristics of several composite honeycomb sandwich structures are verified by drop hammer impact experiments. The research shows that the transient energy absorption characteristics of the composite honeycomb sandwich structure are mainly related to the cell size of the honeycomb structure. The smaller the size of the front cell, the stronger the overall impact resistance; the strength of the composite honeycomb sandwich structure exceeds that of 7075 aluminum alloy-NOMEX and carbon fiber-NOMEX honeycomb sandwich structures. In this paper, the energy absorption characteristics of composite honeycomb sandwich structures under different impact energy are compared and studied. The displacement, force and energy curves of energy absorption characteristics related to time variables are analyzed. The difference in protective performance between the composite honeycomb sandwich structure and existing airframe structure is compared and studied. The optimal structural design parameters of composite honeycomb sandwich under low-speed impact of drop hammer are obtained. The maximum energy absorption per unit volume of the designed honeycomb sandwich structure is 171.7% and 229.8% higher than that of the NOMEX-AL and NOMEX-C structures. The 6.4 mm and 3 mm cell sizes show good characteristics in high-speed buffering and crashworthiness. The composite honeycomb sandwich airframe structure can improve the anti-damage performance of the UAV airframe structure, ensure the same thickness and lightweight conditions as the existing honeycomb sandwich airframe structure, and improve the single-core bearing mode of the existing airframe structure.