Journal articles: 'Horce racing'

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Tyrrell, Brian. "Bred for the Race." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 45, no. 4 (September 1, 2015): 549–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2015.45.4.549.

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In the first four decades of the twentieth century, horse racing was one of America’s most popular spectator sports. Members of America’s elite took to breeding and racing horses as one of their preferred pastimes. Coinciding with an increase in immigration and the rediscovery of Mendelian genetics, the idea that careful breeding of thoroughbreds would result in improved horses resonated with Americans worried about racial degeneration. Scientists committed to racial ideologies looked to thoroughbreds—whose owners and breeders maintained extensive pedigree records—to understand the science of genetic inheritance. Harry H. Laughlin, superintendent of research at the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, pored over breeding charts and race results to develop a mathematical model of inheritance that he called the “inheritance coefficient.” He believed his careful study of horses would yield findings that he and his fellow eugenicists could apply to humans. Thoroughbred breeders followed trends in genetics while contributing to the production of scientific knowledge. Pedigree charts available to bettors at race tracks helped normalize concepts of biological inheritance for race track attendees of all classes. Horse racing’s popularity in the United States contributed to the diffusion of the concept of biological race that originated as an ideological project of the ruling class. This paper analyzes the role of thoroughbred breeding and racing in the formation and popularization of racial ideology by situating breeding farms as sites of knowledge production and racecourses as places that exhibited performances of racial science for large audiences.

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Ropa, A., and N. Shmakova. "Gendered Spaces and Heteronormative Discourses in Horse Racing Narratives." Contemporary problems of social work 4, no. 2 (2018): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2412-5466-2018-4-2-49-56.

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Vieira, Cláudia Elisa Martins, Mafes Dantas da Silva, Juliana Vasquez Cabus, Rejane dos Santos Sousa, Isadora karolina Freitas de Sousa, and Alexandre Alberto Tonin. "Biometric profile of Quarter Horses in the region of Manaus, Brazil." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): e4059108854. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8854.

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Quarter Horse breed (QH) has been more recently used in sports in Northern Brazil, however it does not have yet biometric evaluation in order to compare to horses from other Brazilian regions, where QH has a larger historic. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess and present the biometric profile of Quarter horse breed raised and used in sport activities (barrel racing and vaquejada) in the region of Manaus, AM, Brazil. For this purpose, eighty-two (82) QH, adults, were evaluated through photographs analyzed by the ImageJ® 1.46r software. Eight (8) linear morphometric measurements were performed per animal, namely: Withers height (WHe); Croup height (CrH); Codilho height (CoH); Body length (BL; Neck length (NL); Dorsal-lumbar length (DLL); Scapula length (SL) and Head length (HL). Our results were within the racial standard demanded by the Brazilian Quarter Horse Breeders Association, which demonstrates a racial standardization in the region. The animals were classified as having medium size, eumetric. Regarding the average values (in cm), we obtained: WHe of 147.53 (142.76 to 155.33), CrH of 147.38 (141.12 to 154.48), CoH of 83.13 (81.51 of 87.07), BL of 149.15 (147.20 to 152.70), NL of 57.12 (55.2 to 57.3), DLL of 54.94 (52.9 to 57.0) SL of 54.35 (53.4 to 55.20) and HL of 63.70 (62.20 to 64.60). Our findings suggest similarity between the animals of the Quarter Horse breed raised Manaus-AM region with animals from other Brazilian regions. as well as standardization within the required racial parameters. All animals showed good proportions for the barrel racing and vaquejada practices.

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Moningka, F. A., H. Lapian, U. Paputungan, and S. Turangan. "PENAMPILAN REPRODUKSI KUDA BETINA PASCA PACU DI DESA PINABETENGAN RAYA KECAMATAN TOMPASO BARAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA." ZOOTEC 36, no. 2 (July 21, 2016): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.36.2.2016.12785.

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ABSTRACT REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF FORMER RACING FEMALE HORSE AT PINABETENGAN VILLAGE WEST TOMPASO DISTRICT OF MINAHASA REGENCY. Horse was the special animal to gain more money compare with any other animals. Breeding management related to reproduction of racing female horse must be taken intensively to produce a standard racing Indonesian horse called Indonesian racing horse (Kuda Pacu Indonesia, KPI). This study was conducted to evaluate reproduction performance of former racing female horse including first mating age, period time of estrus cycle, service per conception, foaling interval at Pinabetengan village, west Tompaso district of Minahasa regency. This village was a core area of farmer maintaining more racing horse in Minahasa regency. This study was done using purposive sampling method and focused on 103 former racing female horses as case study observation in obtaining primer data. The interview was also conducted to the owners of racing horse. Results showed that the averages of first mating age was 5.72 years, period time of estrus cycle was 21.67 days, service per conception was 1.65, and foaling interval was 11.98 months. Therefore, it can be concluded that former racing female horses at Pinabetengan village were included at good category of reproduction performance. Key words: First mating age, estrus cycle period time, service per conception, foaling interval, Pinabetengan village

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Li, Jiaxin, Enrique López López Adán, and Alfonso de la Rubia. "A Historical Evolutionary Perspective on China’s Open Horse Racing Problems and Choice Strategies." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 17, 2022): 11692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811692.

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There have been horse races for many centuries. Horse racing is closely related to horse betting, which is illegal in China, and strictly speaking, horse betting is regarded as gambling. If horse racing opens up in China, “horse betting”, legally, will likely be included as a part of the process. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, China has banned horse racing at the beginning of its development. After China’s reforms and opening up, it was tacitly approved and then refused until now. Several provinces in China have made pioneering contributions in this area since the 1990s. Nevertheless, the Chinese authorities are cautious about such plans for various reasons. Until now, the central government has not liberalized the scheme except for a few local trials of speed horse racing, which do not have the property of “betting on the horse”. This paper explores its problems in terms of both historical evolution and realistic development. Then, it proposes practical options for horse racing development based on summarizing the expansion of existing policies to promote horse racing. These options are in response to the lack of development models not mentioned in the guidelines.

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Zhang, Shuang. "Optimal Model of Horse Racing Competition Decision Management Based on Association Rules and Neural Network." Scientific Programming 2022 (March 11, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4240244.

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With the vigorous development of horse racing, people’s attention to horse racing has increased significantly. Some experts and scholars have conducted research on the decision-making management and predictive analysis methods of horse racing. Today, with the rapid development of information technology, the amount of data and data dimensions of horse racing competitions continue to explode. The increase in data scale and feature dimensions provides new challenges for competition management and competition prediction research. At present, traditional prediction algorithms can no longer meet the needs of horse racing situation prediction, but research has found that association rules and neural network algorithms provide a good solution to the classification and prediction problem. Based on the advantages of association rules and neural networks in analyzing data, according to the requirements of horse racing decision management, this paper adopts the B/S structure to realize the construction of the horse racing decision management optimization model from the three aspects of hierarchical structure, functional structure, and forecasting process. Combined with the horse racing decision management optimization model, based on a large number of experimental training data, the final conclusion is drawn: first, the factors that affect the horse racing performance are from large to small. The order of arrangement is: race schedule > age > gender > weight > rating > horse top three rate > jockey > weight load > harness > ranking > field nature > field > trainer; the second is the prediction and actual results of the neural network algorithm. The closest one, which is slightly higher than 90%, has the highest prediction accuracy; third, the average value of the horse racing performance prediction of this system during the review is only 2.01 s, and the misappraisal rate is 0.12%, indicating that the application value of this system is significant; fourth, in the average time spent in the two seasons, the average time spent in the second season was reduced compared with the average time spent in the first season, with a maximum reduction of 0.984 s, indicating a slight improvement in the performance of the 2020 season. Using this system to predict horse racing, results can improve the optimization of horse racing decision management to a certain extent.

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Bob-Milliar, George M., and Ali Yakubu Nyaaba. "Modernizing Royals and Capitalists of Kumase." Journal of West African History 8, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.8.2.0045.

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Abstract British imperialism bequeathed sports to former colonies. In the immediate postwar period, colonial bureaucrats intensified the modernization agenda in many of their colonial territories. The institution of horse racing was associated with the upper echelons of society in many colonies. In colonial Asante, the royals and capitalists of Kumase established the Ashanti Turf Club as the first public limited liability company in the history of horse racing in Ghana. Horse racing in Kumase started with the active encouragement and patronage of the king of Asante (Asantehene). The Kumase royals and capitalists embraced the middle-class culture and bought shares in the Turf Club. The practice of betting linked the working-class to racing. Horse racing played a significant social role in Asante society by keeping residents entertained at the weekends. This article examines the Ashanti Turf Club Limited within the context of the modernization of postwar Asante. It shows how the history of horse racing in Kumase provides a lens to understand how Africans embraced middle-class culture and colonial modernity.

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Lucas, Daloni, Keith Stokes, Polly McGuigan, Jerry Hill, and Dario Cazzola. "Consensus on a jockey’s injury prevention framework for video analysis: a modified Delphi study." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 8, no. 4 (December 2022): e001441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001441.

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Professional horse racing is a high-risk and dangerous sport with a high incidence of falls and injuries. While falls in horse racing are considered somewhat inevitable and carry an inherent occupational risk, little is known about the actual mechanisms of jockey injuries. Establishing injury aetiology and mechanism is a fundamental step in informing the design and implementation of future injury prevention strategies. Despite the availability of horse racing video footage, the use of video analysis to examine injury mechanisms is an underused practice. Using an expert consensus-based approach, an industry expert steering committee was assembled to develop a framework for video analysis research in horse racing. The aim of the framework is to encourage and facilitate the use of video analysis in the sport and to ensure consistency and quality of future application. To achieve consensus, a systematic review and modified Delphi method study design was used. Responses of the steering committee to two open-ended questions regarding the risk factors of falls and injury were collated and combined with findings from a literature search strategy. Appropriate descriptors and definitions were then formulated that defined and described key features of a jockey fall in horse racing and grouped into six discrete phases of an inciting event. Each member of the steering committee then examined the framework of proposed descriptors and definitions and rated their level of agreement on the 5-point Likert scale. A consensus was achieved on a total of 73 horse racing-specific descriptors and 268 associated definitions. The framework outlined in this study provides a valuable starting point for further research and practice within this area, while the recommendations and implications documented aim to facilitate the practical application of video analysis in horse racing.

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Hunter, J., D. K. Merritt, E. Reinertson, and S. R. McClure. "Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for treatment of superficial digital flexor tendonitis in racing Thoroughbreds: 8 clinical cases." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 17, no. 03 (2004): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632804.

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SummaryExtracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) was administered to 8 racing Thoroughbreds with superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon injuries sustained during racing or race training. The tendons were assessed ultrasonographically. The ability of the horse to return to racing was monitored. Five of 8 horses raced successfully, 2 re-injured the tendon during retraining, and 1 horse was retired due to age and lesion severity.

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Legg, Kylie A., Mary Breheny, Erica K. Gee, and Chris W. Rogers. "Responding to Risk: Regulation or Prohibition? New Zealand Media Reporting of Thoroughbred Jumps Racing 2016–2018." Animals 9, no. 5 (May 24, 2019): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9050276.

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Jumps racing involves a higher risk of accident and fatality than flat racing. The wide accessibility of media, combined with alternate views regarding the place of animals in society, raises the question of the acceptability of the continuation of jumps racing. Racing data and media articles from Newztext and Google news search were collected for the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 jumps racing seasons, during which the fatality rate was 5.8 per 1000 starters. Jumps racing articles comprised 3.4% of all race reporting, and the volume of discussion about jumps racing was minimal (2.9% of jumps race articles related to the continuation of jumps racing), short-lived and related to horse fatalities. Articles were categorised and analysed using rhetorical analysis to determine the main arguments. The inherent risk posed by jumps racing to the horse formed a basis for two argumentative positions. Proponents of jumps racing argued that risks were reasonable, with risk minimisation measures best determined by expertise and care from within the racing industry, labelling opponents as naïve extremists. Opponents of jumps racing used anthropomorphism of the horse to argue that any risk was unacceptable and jumps racing should be banned. Horses were attributed with rights, and from this perspective, the racing industry exploited horses for entertainment. These two different arguments were used to shape claims for and against the continuation of jumps racing, allowing both to be built upon a shared acceptance of inherent risk.

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Mattacola, Carl G., Dong (Dan) Y. Han, Jed Crots, Amanda Glueck, John Abt, and Nick Heebner. "Concussion characteristics in horse racing." British Journal of Sports Medicine 51, no. 11 (May 25, 2017): A62.1—A62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097270.160.

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Montoya, Daniel, Phil McManus, and Glenn Albrecht. "Jumping to Conclusions? Media Coverage of Jumps Racing Debates in Australia." Society & Animals 20, no. 3 (2012): 273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853012x627789.

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Abstract Should jumps racing be banned? This paper examines print media coverage of the future of “jumps racing” in 21 Australian newspapers between February 2008 and December 2009, a period of intense debate over its future due to high-profile incidents of horse deaths, campaigning by animal activists, and increased media coverage. In November 2009, Racing Victoria Limited banned jumps racing following the 2010 season but later opened the possibility of jumps racing in 2011 and beyond. The research finds that there is significant variation in support for, and opposition to, jumps racing in different newspapers; that there is sometimes a discrepancy between the perspectives of articles and letters on this issue; and the importance of jumps racing to particular small cities is reflected in the media coverage. While recent events and mounting public pressure may eventually contribute to the demise of steeplechasing and hurdling in Victoria, the termination of horse racing is not a foregone conclusion.

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Akbar, Aldiansyah, and Hanafi Hanafi. "Jockey's interest in traditional horse racing sports championships in central aceh district." International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies 3, no. 5 (October 30, 2021): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v3i5.5049.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the interest of jockeys in traditional horse racing championships in Central Aceh Regency. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative research approach. The sample in this study amounted to 30 people. Data collection techniques by conducting observations, closed interviews and distributing questionnaires. The research instruments used were observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Data processing techniques using the percentage formula. The results showed that the jockey's interest in horse racing was in the high category with a percentage of 100%. The conclusion of the research is that the support from various parties, both from the family, the environment, and the government, makes the children develop their interest in becoming horse racing jockeys.

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Hasan, Ihlas, Yufiarti Yufiarti, and Edwita Edwita. "Horse Racing: A Traditional Game to Improve Children’s Motor Gross Skill (Ethnopedagogy study on Dompu Tribe)." Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 6, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 1247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i3.1646.

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Gross motor encompasses all abilities of coordination, flexibelity, and balance. Children are given opportunities to play more energetically activities such us horse racing tradional game. Yet, the study aims to investigate the stages of early childhood Gross motor skill transition using traditional horse racing activities in the Dompu community of Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative approach by ethnographic methods. The research subjects consisted of six young jockeys aged 4-8 years old and seven horse owners. The data were gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using domain, taxonomic, compound and theme analysis techniques. The researchers found that the child jockeys go through three stages as their gross motor abilities improve and mature. The development of children's gross motor abilities begins with horse cleaning, river riding, and regular training in the horse racing arena. All of these stages are completed by youngsters with supervision of professionals or parents. Past research have shown that horseback riding may be used as a physical motor therapy intervention for children with special needs, such as autism and down syndrome.

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Smith, L. J., G. Tabor, and J. Williams. "A retrospective case-control study to investigate horse and jockey level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish Point-to-Point races." Comparative Exercise Physiology 16, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190054.

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Horse racing as a high-risk sport can pose a significant risk to equine welfare. There have been limited epidemiological reviews of fall risk specific to point-to-point racing. This study aimed to identify horse and jockey level risk factors associated with horse falls and compare these to published findings for Hurdle and Steeplechase racing. The study used a retrospective matched case-control design. Relevant variables were identified, and information was collated for all races in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. Cases and controls were matched with a 1:3 ratio. Controls (n=2,547) were selected at random from all horses that completed in the same race (n=849). Horse and jockey level variables were analysed through univariable analysis to inform multivariable model building. A final matched case-control multivariable logistic regression model was refined, using fall/no fall as the dependent variable, through a backward stepwise process. Horse age was associated with an increased risk of horse falls. For every 1 unit increase in age there was a 1.2 times increased fall risk. The number of races ran within 12 months was associated with a decreased risk of falling. The jockeys previous seasons percentage wins was associated with the risk of horse falls. Jockeys who had 0-4% wins and 5-9% wins had an increase in risk compared to those who had over 20% wins/runs. The jockeys previous seasons percentage of falls (F) or unseating of the rider (UR) was associated with the risk of horse falls with jockeys who had over 20% F/UR having a 50% increased chance of falling compared to those who had 0-4% F/UR. Retrospective analysis of horse and jockey falls has exposed risk factors that have been previously identified in hurdle and steeplechase racing. Identification of risk factors is essential when considering future research and interventions aimed at improving horse and jockey safety.

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Furdek, Jonathan M., and Susan Conners. "Changes In The Horse Racing Industry And Impacts On The Indiana Economy: 2010 - 2014." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 31, no. 4 (July 10, 2015): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i4.9319.

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A survey of the horse racing and horse breeding industry in Indiana was conducted in 2014 and the economic impact of this industry on the Indiana economy determined utilizing an input-output model. Comparing the results to an identical study conducted in 2010, there are some interesting comparisons especially considering the economic challenges facing the racing and gaming sector of the economy. These changes and the economic impact of these changes on the Indiana economy are the substance of this paper. Specifically, the racetracks in Indiana are under a single ownership and racing composition was changed. In a challenging economy, the competitive horse breeding segment of the industry has also undergone changes. The consequences of these changes on the Indiana economy are measured and compared with the earlier study.

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Wojtyńska-Nowotka, Milena. "Zapożyczenia w słownictwie wyścigów konnych w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym (na podstawie czasopisma „Jeździec i Hodowca”)." Poradnik Językowy, no. 4/2021(783) (April 28, 2021): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2021.4.4.

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This paper represents the stream of structuralist research and has been dedicated to discussing a selected portion of the sports vocabulary of the interwar period. On the basis of the „Jeździec i hodowca” (“Rider and breeder”) magazine, foreign words present in the horse-racing vocabulary have been analysed. The research concentrates on describing the chronology and genetics of the borrowings, their registration in selected lexicographic sources, and the thematic circles they represent. The conclusion of this paper indicates that a large portion of the vocabulary borrowed from horse races was not stabilized and was subject to adaptation to the Polish language system in the selected period. Keywords: structuralism – history of Polish – 20th century – sports vocabulary – horse-racing vocabulary – vocabulary of Polish magazines form the period 1918 –1939 – borrowings – thematic circles – statistical method of examining vocabulary

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Dixon. "Horse-Racing in Nineteenth-Century Russia." Slavonic and East European Review 98, no. 3 (2020): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.98.3.0464.

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Brown, Alasdair. "Examining Agency Conflict in Horse Racing." Southern Economic Journal 79, no. 2 (October 2012): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4284/0038-4038-2011.198.

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Hoye, Russell. "Governance reform in Australian horse racing." Managing Leisure 11, no. 2 (April 2006): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13606710500520338.

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Mercier, Quentin, and Amandine Aftalion. "Optimal speed in Thoroughbred horse racing." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): e0235024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235024.

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The objective of this work is to provide a mathematical analysis on how a Thoroughbred horse should regulate its speed over the course of a race to optimize performance. Because Thoroughbred horses are not capable of running the whole race at top speed, determining what pace to set and when to unleash the burst of speed is essential. Our model relies on mechanics, energetics (both aerobic and anaerobic) and motor control. It is a system of coupled ordinary differential equations on the velocity, the propulsive force and the anaerobic energy, that leads to an optimal control problem that we solve. In order to identify the parameters meaningful for Thoroughbred horses, we use velocity data on races in Chantilly (France) provided by France Galop, the French governing body of flat horse racing in France. Our numerical simulations of performance optimization then provide the optimal speed along the race, the oxygen uptake evolution in a race, as well as the energy or the propulsive force. It also predicts how the horse has to change its effort and velocity according to the topography (altitude and bending) of the track.

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Brown, Alasdair, and Fuyu Yang. "Have Betting Exchanges Corrupted Horse Racing?" Journal of Sports Economics 18, no. 7 (August 9, 2015): 673–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002515595267.

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Henry, Nancy. "Horse-Racing Fraud in Victorian Fiction." Victorian Review 45, no. 2 (2019): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2019.0057.

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Cotugna, Nancy, O. Sue Snider, and Jennifer Windish. "Nutrition Assessment of Horse-Racing Athletes." Journal of Community Health 36, no. 2 (August 28, 2010): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10900-010-9306-x.

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Faßbinder, Kerstin. "Endspurt. Mediales Horse-Racing im Wahlkampf." Publizistik 54, no. 4 (November 19, 2009): 499–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11616-009-0062-9.

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Tolson, John, and Wray Vamplew. "Derailed: Railways and Horse-Racing Revisited." Sports Historian 18, no. 2 (November 1998): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460269809445795.

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Qin, Meng, and Quanan Gui. "Intervention Algorithm of Horse Racing for Students’ Psychological Disorders Based on Big Data." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (July 31, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3513240.

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Horse racing is a competitive activity in which humans control horses. It is a worldwide traditional sports activity. In the history of human-horse racing, horse racing activities in various eras have been followed but also constantly innovated. According to the K-means clustering algorithm, a cluster analysis model is constructed for the model, and the algorithm model is applied to the students’ mental health counseling work. After six iterations to get the classification and six iterations of the cluster center algorithm, it was found that the mixed psychological population accounted for 50%. Horse racing can not only effectively relieve students’ psychological problems and exercise students’ willpower and thinking ability, but also promote traditional sports. Through K-means clustering algorithm research, frame design, and program design, a complete psychological disorder intervention system is established, which provides scientific, objective, and reliable data guarantee for the correct implementation of decision-making strategies. Integrating cluster analysis into the process of students’ mental health analysis makes it easier for decision-makers to understand and master all aspects of students’ information, to analyze and customize solutions for different types of students. It provides a good foundation for providing different psychotherapeutic methods for different groups of students.

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Weninger, Desirea, and Christine Dallaire. "The gendered barrel racer–horse relationship in Western Canadian rodeo." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 54, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690217708578.

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On investigating the gendered experiences of Western Canadian ‘ladies barrel racing’ rodeo competitors, the sportswomen we interviewed emphasized their unique bond with the horse as the distinguishing feature that made them ‘legitimate’ barrel racers compared to other rodeo cowgirls, and ‘feminine’ compared to cowboys. This paper further explores how the barrel racers studied focused on their rider–horse interaction to discursively separate themselves from other rodeo women and men. First, we examine how discourse informs the creation of subjects in the rider–horse relationship among ‘legitimate’ barrel racers. An expanded understanding of subjectification reveals three distinct, yet interrelated subject positions in barrel racing (the athlete, the team member and the trainer) that set them apart from other rodeo women. Second, the analysis uncovers their reproduction of normative femininity in the way they differentiated themselves from male horse trainers and rodeo competitors based on their distinctive rapport with the horse.

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Kacapyr, Elia. "THE EFFICIENCY OF PARI-MUTUEL BETTING IN STANDARDBRED RACING." Journal of Prediction Markets 5, no. 1 (December 19, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v5i1.482.

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This paper investigates stylized facts about pari-mutuel betting. Standardbred racing at The Meadowlands Racetrack on Friday and Saturday nights is analyzed to determine if bettors in this particular venue are efficient. In addition, adages concerning horse racing, such as the favorite wins 33 percent of time, are tested. Finally, a logistic regression is employed to determine if characteristics of a race, such as the amount of the purse, can help determine if the favorite horse is more likely to win the race.

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Rogers, Chris W., Charlotte F. Bolwell, Erica K. Gee, and Sarah M. Rosanowski. "Equine musculoskeletal development and performance: impact of the production system and early training." Animal Production Science 60, no. 18 (2020): 2069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17685.

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The welfare debate around horse racing appears to be focussed on musculoskeletal injury and the racing of 2-year-olds. Much of this debate appears contrary to the evolutionary history of the horse as a cursorial animal and the capability of the equine musculoskeletal system to respond to the demands of race training. Epidemiological studies have reported that 2-year-old racehorses have a longer time period from entering training to the first race and a greater number of lost training days than older horses. However, this is, in part, due to the time taken to learn to train and the impact of dorsal metacarpal disease, which is due to loading of naïve as opposed to immature tissue. Across several racing jurisdictions and codes, it has been demonstrated that horses that train and race as 2-year-olds have longer, more successful, careers than those that start racing later in life. This positive trend has also been observed with horses starting in equestrian sport at an early age. The literature on the growth and development of the horse indicates that the musculoskeletal system is primed for activity and loading from an early age. Additional exercise for the young horse has a positive rather the negative effect, with many tissues having a sensitive period for ‘priming’ when the horse is a juvenile. This implies that under many modern management systems, the challenge to horse welfare is not ‘too much exercise too soon’ but ‘too little too late’. The current limitation in our understanding is the lack of knowledge of what is the correct exercise dose to optimise the musculoskeletal system. Modern management systems invariably provide too little exercise, but is the exercise data from feral horses the ‘gold standard’, or more a reflection of what the horse is capable of if resources such as food and water are limited? Further research is required to refine our understanding of the optimal exercise levels required and development of greater precision in identifying the sensitive periods for priming the musculoskeletal system.

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31

Legg, Kylie, Darryl Cochrane, Erica Gee, and Chris Rogers. "The External Workload of Thoroughbred Horse Racing Jockeys." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 7572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187572.

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The objectives of this study were to quantify the external workload of thoroughbred racing jockeys in relation to their experience and racing performance. The number of rides of 786 jockeys and apprentices who rode in 407,948 flat and 13,648 jumps racing starts over 14 seasons were examined. Jockey work (ride numbers, seasons riding) and performance characteristics (race falls or wins) between cohorts with low (1–10), middle (10–200) and high (>200) numbers of rides per season were compared. Flat racing apprentices had more rides per season (25, interquartile range [IQR] 7–97 vs. 14, IQR 3–222, p < 0.001) but fewer rides per race day (2, IQR 1–4 vs. 4, IQR 2–6, p < 0.001) than flat racing jockeys. Flat racing jockeys in the high workload cohort (23%) were responsible for 83% of the race-day rides, riding in a median of 375 (IQR 283–520) races per season. These jockeys had half the fall rate (Incidence rate [IR] 1.0, 95% CI 0.9–1.1) and 1.4 times the success rates per 1000 rides (IR 98, 95% CI 97–99) than jockeys in the low and middle workload cohorts (p < 0.05). Most jockeys had light workloads, greater risk of injury and lower winning rates than the smaller cohort of jockeys with heavier workloads. This disparity in opportunity and success between cohorts indicates inefficiencies within the industry in recruitment and retention of jockeys. These data provide a foundation to further studies investigating jockey competition-specific fitness and its effect on both riding success and reducing injury risk.

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Bugislaus, A. E. "Genetic analysis of distance-dependent racing performances in German Thoroughbreds." Archives Animal Breeding 53, no. 6 (October 10, 2010): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-53-629-2010.

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Abstract. The objective of this study was to develop a new multivariate statistical model for genetic estimation of distance-dependent racing performances in German Thoroughbreds. Analysed performance traits were »square root of distance to first placed horse in races over sprint distances (until 1 400 m)«, »square root of distance to first placed horse in races over mile distances (from 1 401 m to 1 900 m)« and »square root of distance to first placed horse in races over long distances (over 1 900 m)«. These traits were found to be influenced by the carried weight, which was determined by the horses’ earlier performance. Therefore, new traits were developed based on random regression models, which were independent from the carried weights. Genetic parameters were first evaluated for these new created traits »new distance to first placed horse in races over sprint distances« (h²=0.088), »new distance to first placed horse in races over mile distances« (h²=0.081) and »new distance to first placed horse in races over long distances« (h²=0.137) using a multivariate animal model. Genetic correlations between these traits were high, but differed from rg=1. A further heritability was estimated for the distance-independent trait »new distance to first placed horse in races over all distances« (h²=0.101) applying a univariate animal model with a fixed distance effect. These two different models were compared by two criteria. The ranking of breeding values for the distance-independent trait (estimated with the univariate model) was first correlated with each of the rankings of breeding values for the three distance-dependent traits (estimated with the multivariate model). Correlations varied from r=0.668 to r=0.813. The second criterion for comparison was the percentage of incorrectly selected raced stallions by breeding values estimated with the univariate model. Between 47.4 % and 69.7 % of stallions were incorrectly selected. The use of a total selection index including breeding values of the three distance-dependent traits with suitable weightings was recommended as a possible future selection criterion.

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Humphreys, Brad, and Brian P. Soebbing. "DOES INTERNATIONAL SIMULCAST WAGERING REDUCE LIVE HANDLE AT CANADIAN RACETRACKS?" Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 6, no. 3 (March 26, 2013): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v6i3.612.

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Consumer interest in horse racing has declined significantly in North America. In an attempt to reverse this decline, additional gambling opportunities, including simulcast betting, have been added at race tracks. This paper investigates the impact of simulcast betting on live racing handle at Canadian horse racetracks. Using data from the 18 largest Canadian racetracks over the period 1999 through 2006, IV results indicate that increases in remote wagering opportunities in Canada lead to small positive increases in live handle. Simulcast betting opportunities do not cannibalize live wagering, rather they increase live wagering.

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34

Heleski, Camie, C. Jill Stowe, Julie Fiedler, Michael L. Peterson, Colleen Brady, Carissa Wickens, and James N. MacLeod. "Thoroughbred Racehorse Welfare through the Lens of ‘Social License to Operate—With an Emphasis on a U.S. Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051706.

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This review addresses the question of whether Thoroughbred horse racing is sustainable in the context of current social values. A recently acknowledged framework, known as ‘Social License to Operate’ (SLO), provides us with a lens through which to view and assess racehorse welfare. In multiple surveys of the general public, the horse owning public, and university students, the primary topics of concern regarding Thoroughbred racing show considerable concordance: concern about catastrophic injuries—particularly as related to track surfaces, concern over the racing of two-year-olds, whip use by jockeys, drug/medication policies, and aftercare opportunities for retired Thoroughbred racehorses. Legitimacy of an industry, consent from industry stakeholders, and trust between the community players, are all essential to have and maintain SLO. In the current era of 24/7 global media access, and the proliferation of social media providing an interactive platform for all interested parties, a dramatic change has occurred in commentary related to racehorse welfare concerns. The situation at Santa Anita (California, USA) from late December 2018 through mid-November 2019 demonstrated just how tenuous the SLO for horse racing is. This article will provide a brief review of what ‘Social License to Operate’ is, along with a brief literature review of five of the areas of primary concern voiced by stakeholders.

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35

Shu, Jian-Jun. "On Generalized Tian Ji’s Horse Racing Strategy." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 37, no. 2 (June 2012): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0308018812z.00000000014.

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36

Simmons, Susan A., and Robert Sharp. "State Lotteries' Effects on Thoroughbred Horse Racing." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 6, no. 3 (1987): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3324856.

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37

Silverman, Noah. "A HIERARCHICAL BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF HORSE RACING." Journal of Prediction Markets 6, no. 3 (January 22, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v6i3.590.

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Horse racing is the most popular sport in Hong Kong. Nowhere else in the world is such attention paid to the races and such large sums of money bet. It is literally a “national sport”. Popular literature has many stories about computerized “betting teams” winning fortunes by using statistical analysis.[1] Additionally, numerous academic papers have been published on the subject, implementing a variety of statistical methods. The academic justiﬁcation for these papers is that a parimutuel game represents a study in decisions under uncertainty, eﬃciency of markets, and even investor psychology. A review of the available published literature has failed to ﬁnd any Bayesian approach to this modeling challenge.This study will attempt to predict the running speed of a horse in a given race. To that eﬀect, the coeﬃcients of a linear model are estimated using the Bayesian method of Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Two methods of computing the sampled posterior are used and their results compared. The Gibbs method assumes that all the coeﬃcients are normally distributed, while the Metropolis method allows for their distribution to have an unknown shape. I will calculate and compare the predictive results of several models using these Bayesian Methods.

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Bell, Sinclair, Christian Jaser, and Christian Mann. "Towards a Global History of Horse Racing." International Journal of the History of Sport 37, no. 3-4 (March 3, 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2020.1761795.

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Cullen, SarahJane, Gillian OʼLoughlin, Adrian McGoldrick, Barry Smyth, Gregory May, and Giles D. Warrington. "Physiological Demands of Flat Horse Racing Jockeys." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29, no. 11 (November 2015): 3060–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000977.

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40

Ryan, Kelly D., Joseph Brodine, Jason Pothast, and Adrian McGoldrick. "Medicine in the Sport of Horse Racing." Current Sports Medicine Reports 19, no. 9 (September 2020): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000750.

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41

Pfau, T., A. Spence, S. Starke, M. Ferrari, and A. Wilson. "Modern Riding Style Improves Horse Racing Times." Science 325, no. 5938 (July 16, 2009): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1174605.

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42

Carter, E. "Use of the whip in horse racing." Animal Welfare 21, no. 1 (February 2012): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096272860000350x.

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43

Ma, Wenkuo, and 文闊馬. "Cultural translation: Horse racing, greyhound racing, and Jai Alai in modern Shanghai." Chinese Studies in History 55, no. 3 (July 3, 2022): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00094633.2022.2097523.

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44

Quintana, C., B. Grimshaw, H. E. Rockwood, N. J. Heebner, A. K. Johnson, K. D. Ryan, and C. G. Mattacola. "Differences in head accelerations and physiological demand between live and simulated professional horse racing." Comparative Exercise Physiology 15, no. 4 (October 9, 2019): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190005.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in mechanical and physiological demand between live and simulated racing. Fifteen male professional jockeys (31.8±9.5 years, 160.78±7.62 cm, 51.2±1.5 kg) were instrumented with inertial measurement units (IMUs) placed on their helmets to measure mechanical stress and a heart rate (HR) monitor. Head accelerations and HR were measured during a live race (between 5.5 and 6.5 furlongs) and a simulated race (equivalent of 6.5 furlongs or 1.5 min) on a race horse simulator. Paired t-tests were used to determine if there were differences between the two racing conditions for each dependent variable. Alpha level was set at P<0.05. Average HR and peak HR were significantly higher during live than simulated racing. The peak resultant linear acceleration, the average resultant linear acceleration, and the peak resultant rotational velocity were significantly higher in live racing than simulated racing. There were no significant differences in average resultant rotational velocity. Simulated racing trials had consistently lower values of head accelerations compared to live racing trials. These results may provide justification for the use of a race horse simulator as a tool capable of use in rehabilitating and returning jockeys to ride following injury as the accelerations and velocities measured on simulated racing trials were lower, suggesting a safer sports-specific exercise, while still approaching the physiological demands of live racing.

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45

Nicols, L., C. W. Rogers, S. Stannard, J. C. Tanner, and J. Bridges. "The effect of harness racing on the heart rate of professional harness racing drivers." Comparative Exercise Physiology 9, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep13012.

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Despite the size of the industry and the large amounts of money wagered on horses, little attention has been focused on the fitness of drivers of Standardbred harness racehorses. The purpose of this study was to describe the drivers’ pre-race, post-race and maximal heart rate response to multiple racing during a night of harness racing. Heart rate (HR), subjective measures of race difficulty and physical work effort, and race results were collected from eight professional Standardbred harness drivers during an official race meeting. Drivers were fitted with HR monitors prior to the start of the first race and data were continuously logged until the end of the last race. During the race meeting the drivers displayed a high mean heart rate 145±21 beats per minute. The heart rate profile during a single race demonstrated an early peak, a moderate level baseline and then increased again as the drivers took the last turn to the finish line. The best predictor of workload effort during the race was peak HR. The primary variables in explaining peak HR were final placing, horse difficulty, and pre-race HR. These data indicate that the physical work required to maintain driver position and the external stimuli associated with positioning the horse for a placing produce significant cardiovascular stress.

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46

Silverman, Noah, and Marc Suchard. "PREDICTING HORSE RACE WINNERS THROUGH A REGULARIZED CONDITIONAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION WITH FRAILTY." Journal of Prediction Markets 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2013): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v7i1.595.

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Conditional logistic regression has remained a mainstay in predicting horse racing out- comes since the 1980’s. In this paper, we propose and apply novel modifications of the regression model to include parameter regularization and a frailty contribution that exploits winning dividends. Additionally, the entire model was fit using state-of-the art parallelization methods on commodity graphical processing units. (GPU) The model is trained using 4 years of horse racing data from Hong Kong, and then tested on a hold-out year of races. Simulated betting produces a return on investment significantly higher than any other published methods involving Hong Kong races.

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47

Ropka-Molik, K., M. Stefaniuk-Szmukier, A. D. Musiał, and B. D. Velie. "The Genetics of Racing Performance in Arabian Horses." International Journal of Genomics 2019 (September 2, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9013239.

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Arabian horses are commonly believed to be one of the oldest and most influential horse breeds in the world. The high financial benefits obtained from races tend to search for genetic markers strongly correlated with the results achieved. To date, the modern approaches such as transcriptome, miRNAome, and metabolome analyses have been used to investigate the genetic background of racing performance as well as endurance capacity in Arabians. The analysis of polymorphisms at the genome level has also been applied to the detection of genetic variants associated with exercise phenotype in the Arabian breed. The presented review summarizes these findings, with a focus on the genetics underlying flat racing and endurance performance traits in different Arabian horse populations.

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48

Bugislaus, A. E., R. Roehe, H. Uphaus, and E. Kalm. "Development of genetic models for estimation of racing performances in German thoroughbreds." Archives Animal Breeding 47, no. 6 (October 10, 2004): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-47-505-2004.

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Abstract. The objective of this study was to develop new statistical models for genetic estimation of racing performances in German thoroughbreds. Analysed performance traits were "square root of rank at finish", "square root of distance to first placed horse in a race" and "log of earnings". These traits were found to be influenced by the carried weight, which was determined by the horse's earlier performance. Therefore, new traits were developed based on random regression models, which were independent from the carried weights. Heritabilities were first estimated for these created traits "new rank at finish" (h2 = 0.101) and "new distance to first placed horse in a race" (h2 = 0.142) by using two univariate animal models. When considering a linear regression of carried weights as fixed effect in the statistical model, heritabilities for "square root of rank at finish" (h2 = 0.086) and "square root of distance to first placed horse in a race" (h2 = 0.124) decreased. Breeding values of “new rank at finish” and "new distance to first placed horse in a race" were compared with breeding values of "square root of rank at finish" and "square root of distance to first placed horse in a race", in which carried weight was considered as fixed regression in the model. These two different models were compared by two criteria. Breeding values were overestimated for low performing thoroughbreds and underestimated for high performing horses when considering a linear regression of carried weights as fixed effect in the model. Statistical models considering new created traits ("new rank at finish" and "new distance to first placed horse in a race") which were independent of carried weights, showed better suitability for genetic estimation. Due to high genetic correlation with other traits and showing highest genetic variance a univariate animal model for the trait “new distance to first placed horse in a race” was recommended for genetic estimation.

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Ngo, Sy, Chian-Song Chiu, and Thanh-Dong Ngo. "A Novel Horse Racing Algorithm Based MPPT Control for Standalone PV Power Systems." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 7498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207498.

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This paper proposes a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method inspired by the horse racing game for standalone photovoltaic (PV) power systems, such that the highest PV power conversion efficiency is obtained. From the horse racing game rules, we develop the horse racing algorithm (HRA) with the qualifying stage and final ranking stage. The MPP can be searched even if there exist multiple local MPPs for the PV power system. Moreover, from the proposed horse racing algorithm, the calculation is reduced, so that the transient searching points are less than traditional methods, i.e., the transient oscillation is less during the MPPT control. Therefore, the HRA based MPPT method avoids local maximum power traps and achieves the MPP quickly even if considering partial shading influence and varying environment for PV panels. Evidence of the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed HRA method is exhibited by simulation results. These results are also compared with typical particle swarm optimization (PSO) and grey wolf optimization (GWO) methods and shown better convergence time as well as transient oscillation. Within the range from 0.34 to 0.58 s, the proposed method has effectively tracked the global maximum power point, which is from 0.42 to 0.48 s faster than the conventional PSO technique and from 0.36 to 0.74 s faster than the GWO method. Finally, the obtained findings proved the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed HRA technique through experimental results. The fast response in terms of good transient oscillation and global power tracking time of the proposed method are from 0.40 to 1.0 s, while the PSO and GWO methods are from 1.56 to 1.6 s and from 1.9 to 2.2 s, respectively.

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Williams, J. M., F. Marks, F. Mata, and T. Parkin. "A case control study to investigate risk factors associated with horse falls in steeplechase races at Cheltenham racetrack." Comparative Exercise Physiology 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep13005.

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To date epidemiological reviews of fall risk in horse racing have applied a general approach to analysis integrating different grades, type of race and various racetracks. This study aimed to investigate if increasing specificity in analysis (one course and type of race) would expose the same risk factors for horse falls. The purpose of the study was to apply the principles of epidemiology to predict factors that increase the risk of a horse falling in steeplechase races at Cheltenham racecourse. Relevant factors related to horse falls were identified and collated from the Racing Post website for all steeplechase races run at Cheltenham between 1990 and 2010. Subsequent uni- and multivariable single-level and mixed effects logistic regression models were developed using ‘fall’ or ‘no fall’ as the dependent variables. The chance of a steeplechase race containing a minimum of one horse fall at Cheltenham racecourse is increased by 22% for each additional runner in the field and reduced by 86% for every horse that is pulled up during the race. Going and speed were not significantly associated with horse falls. Retrospective analysis of fall risk for a specific race type and course has exposed different risk factors than those previously found in generalised studies. Analysing specific racetracks has the potential to more effectively underpin the development and assessment of racecourse strategies to reduce fall risk to promote equine welfare.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Horce racing'

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