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Journal articles on the topic 'Horizon of expectation'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

GAO, Pei. "Interpretation of the Silence of the Lambs from the Perspective of Horizon of Expectation." World Journal of Educational Research 7, no. 3 (August 10, 2020): p81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v7n3p81.

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The silence of the lambs is one of the most influential crime novels of its time. The author Thomas Harris vividly depicts the characters and their psychological activities. He created the atmosphere of tension and horror through unique methods, breaking through people’s horizon of expectation, and generating unprecedented experience to readers in the creation process of the novel. At the same time, he created characters that broke people’s prescribed interpretation of the protagonist of crime novels and exceeded readers’ expectations. The aim of this paper is to gain more insight into this great work from the perspective of Horizon of Expectation.
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2

Tjahjono, Endy Dwi, Harmanta Harmanta, and Nur M. Adhi Purwato. "SURVEY MEASURES OF INFLATION EXPECTATION." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 14, no. 4 (June 29, 2012): 421–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v14i4.366.

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The research objective was to analyze various survey measures of inflation expectation in Indonesia. We found that the heterogeneity of inflation expectationamong economic agents and professional forecastersfor short forecast horizon is very low. Survey measures of inflation expectation appear to be forward looking, but only for relatively short horizon. Although the magnitude and length vary across measures of inflation expectation, we find that shock to inflation expectation significantly affect the dynamics of the actual inflation rate. Based on the accuracy, the effect on actual inflation and directional information that they have in predicting current and future inflation, inflation expectation from Consensus Forecast outperformed the others.Keywords: Inflation expectation, Vector Auto Regression, balanced score.JEL Classification: C42, E31.
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Tjahjono, Endy Dwi, Harmanta Harmanta, and Nur M. Adhi Purwato. "SURVEY MEASURES OF INFLATION EXPECTATION." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 14, no. 4 (June 29, 2012): 397–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v14i4.410.

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The research objective was to analyze various survey measures of inflation expectation in Indonesia. We found that the heterogeneity of inflation expectationamong economic agents and professional forecastersfor short forecast horizon is very low. Survey measures of inflation expectation appear to be forward looking, but only for relatively short horizon. Although the magnitude and length vary across measures of inflation expectation, we find that shock to inflation expectation significantly affect the dynamics of the actual inflation rate. Based on the accuracy, the effect on actual inflation and directional information that they have in predicting current and future inflation, inflation expectation from Consensus Forecast outperformed the others. Keywords: Inflation expectation, Vector Auto Regression, balanced score.JEL Classification: C42, E31
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Ren, Tiantian, Zhongbao Zhou, and Helu Xiao. "Estimation of portfolio efficiency considering social responsibility: evidence from the multi-horizon diversification DEA." RAIRO - Operations Research 55, no. 2 (March 2021): 611–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021026.

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With the introduction of the concept of social responsibility investment/green investment, more and more investors have realized the importance of such investment, which has prompted portfolio managers to more comprehensively consider both financial and non-financial performance of portfolios in different time horizons. DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), as a data-driven evaluation approach, has been widely used in performance evaluation of portfolios. However, the existing studies are mostly limited to single-horizon problems, and the evaluation indicators are mostly financial indicators, while ignoring the impact of non-financial indicators (e.g., social responsibility indicators). More importantly, the input-output process of portfolios in the multi-horizon framework also needs to be clarified. In this paper, we first define the input-output process of portfolios from the multi-horizon perspective, and then propose the corresponding stochastic output possibility sets based on portfolio returns and social responsibility indicators. We use the expectation and variance measures to derive the deterministic estimation of the above stochastic sets, where the expectations and variances of portfolio returns and social responsibility indicators are all regarded as outputs. We construct the multi-horizon diversification DEA models both with and without social responsibility constraints. Finally, we select the 20 component stocks of China ESG100 index to illustrate the difference between the multi-horizon models and the single-horizon models, and further discuss the impact of social responsibility on the portfolio efficiency and its ranking. The empirical results show that compared with the single-horizon models, the proposed models can provide portfolio managers with an improvement strategy to balance the performance of portfolio returns and social responsibility indicators in different time horizons. Further, we also find that the social responsibility has a greater impact on the portfolio efficiency and its ranking, especially when the portfolio managers pay more attention to the social responsibility performance.
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Haryati, Isti. "ACTUALIZATION OF WOMEN’S ROLES IN BERTOLT BRECHT’S AND NANO RIANTIARNO’S PLAYS." LITERA 18, no. 3 (November 19, 2019): 326–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v18i3.27770.

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A literary work is not an object that stands by itself and offers the same view to each reader in each period, therefore literary works are always actualized and finally achieve a new existence. This study is aimed at describing (1) the actualization of women’s roles in Bertolt Brecht’s and Nano Riantiarno’s plays and (2) Nano Riantiarno’s horizons of expectation. The data sources were Brecht’s play Die Dreigroschenoperand Riantiarno’s play Opera Ikan Asin. The study was reception approach. Data analysis was performed by conducting a comparative analysis of the actualization of the women’s roles in the two plays and historical analysis to find Riantiarno’s horizons of expectation. The results show that the actualization of women’s roles appear in self-independence at work, sternness, and calmness in dealing with problems. Riantiarno’s horizons of expectation appear in his pre-experiences concerning women’s roles, implicit relationships with previous literary works on women’s roles, and opposition between fiction and reality, poetic and practical fuktion of language in the two plays. Riantiarno’s actualization of the women’s roles in Opera Ikan Asin is influenced by horizons of expectation and Zeitgeist (the soul of a different era).Keywords:women’s role, play, feminism, horizon of expectation, Zeitgeist
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Pickering, Michael. "Experience as horizon: Koselleck, expectation and historical time." Cultural Studies 18, no. 2-3 (January 2004): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0950238042000201518.

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7

CHARLES, MICHAEL, and KEITH TOWNSEND. "Full Metal Jarhead: Shifting the Horizon of Expectation." Journal of Popular Culture 44, no. 5 (September 28, 2011): 915–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5931.2011.00880.x.

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8

Haryati, Isti. "FROM THE PLAY DIE DREIGROSCHENOPER TO OPERA IKAN ASIN: A STUDY ON HANS ROBERT JAUSS’ HORIZON OF EXPECTATION." RETORIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 13, no. 1 (February 23, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/retorika.v13i1.9961.

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This article aims to reveal how Riantiarno's horizon of expectation before reading the play Die Dreigroschenoper affects the results of his actualization in his play Opera Ikan Asin. The method that being used here is comparison and literature study method. The results show that not all of Riantiarno’s expectation were fullfiled. To fullfill the horizon of expectation, Riantiarno makes and adjustment. The unfulfillment in terms of theater norms have led to the inclusion of traditional elements into the play Opera Ikan Asin. Therefore, Brecht's play Die Dreigroschenoper gets Riantiarno closer to the tradition.
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Красоткин, Дмитрий Михайлович. "POLYSEMY OF A LITERARY TEXT AS A VIOLATION OF THE «HORIZON OF EXPECTATION»." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Филология, no. 1(68) (April 9, 2021): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtfilol/2021.1.273.

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В данной статье рассматривается такая категория литературоведения, как «горизонт ожидания». Данный термин был введен в научный оборот Х.Р. Яуссом в рамках школы «рецептивной эстетики». Статья представляет собой попытку соотнести данную категорию с проблемой многозначности художественного текста. В статье демонстрируется зависимость понимания текста от определенного «горизонта ожидания». Многозначность рассматривается прежде всего как нарушение «горизонта ожидания». This article examines such a category of literary criticism as the «horizon of expectation». This term was introduced into scientific use by H.R. Jauss within the framework of the school of «receptive aesthetics». The article is an attempt to correlate this category with the problem of polysemy of a literary text. The article demonstrates the dependence of the understanding of the text on a certain «horizon of expectation». Polysemy is considered primarily as a violation of the «horizon of expectation».
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10

Cassell, Anthony K. "Boccaccio's Caccia Di Diana Horizon of Expectation." Italian Culture 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/016146291803814961.

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11

Intan, Tania. "LE PETIT PRINCE KARYA ANTOINE DE SAINT-EXUPERY DALAM TANGGAPAN DAN HORIZON HARAPAN PEMBACA (Le Petit Prince of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry in Readers’ Response and Horizon Hope)." Kandai 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/jk.v15i1.873.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tanggapan pembaca terhadap novel Le Petit Prince, menguraikan horizon harapan pembaca terhadap novel Le Petit Prince, dan memaparkan faktor-faktor penyebab perbedaan tanggapan dan horizon harapan pembaca. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Ada dua sumber data yaitu sumber data primer dan sekunder. Sumber data primer mengacu pada objek penelitian, yaitu novel Le Petit Prince, sedangkan data sekunder berupa teks-teks yang memuat tanggapan pembaca novel Le Petit Prince yang terdiri atas 20 orang yang terdapat pada media massacetak dan elektronik, termasuk internet. Instrumen penelitian berupa tabel-tabel isian yang mengaitkan pembaca, tanggapan pembaca, dan horizon harapan. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi dan data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian dirumuskan dalam tiga poin. Pertama, seluruh pembaca menanggapi atau menilai positif unsur tema, alur, tokoh, latar, sudut pandang, gaya bahasa, teknik penceritaan, bahasa, dan isi novel Le Petit Prince. Kedua, harapan sebagian besar pembaca sebelum membaca novel Le Petit Prince sesuai dengan kenyataan ke sembilan unsur di dalam novel LePetit Prince sehingga pembaca dapat dengan mudah menerima dan memberikan pujian pada novel tersebut. Ketiga, faktor penyebab perbedaan tanggapan dan horizon harapan pembaca selain perbedaan stressing unsur yang ditanggapi juga karena perbedaan pengetahuan tentang sastra, pengetahuan tentang kehidupan dan pengalaman membaca karya sastra.(This study aims to describe the readers’ responses to the novel Le Petit Prince, the readers' horizon of hope for the novel Le Petit Prince, and the factors that cause differences in responses and readers' expectation horizons. This study included a type of qualitative descriptive study. There are two data sources, namely primary and secondary data sources. The primary data source refers to the object of the research, the Le Petit Prince novel, while the secondary data is in the form of texts that contain the readers' responses of Le Petit Prince's novels consisting of 20 people, which are contained in print and electronic mass media including the internet. The research instrument is in the form of tables that link readers, readers' responses, and expectation horizons. Data is collected by means of observations and data analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the research are as follows. First, all readers respond or positively assess the elements of the theme, plot, character, setting, point of view, language style, storytelling techniques, language, and contents of the Le Petit Prince novel. Second, the hope of most readers before reading the Le Petit Prince novel is in accordance with the reality of the nine elements in the novel Le Petit Prince so that readers can easily receive and give praise to the novel. Third, the factors that cause differences in responses and readers' expectation horizons in addition to differences in elemental stressing are also responded to because of differences in knowledge about literature, knowledge of life and the experience of reading literature.)
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12

Hakim, Abdul. "Resepsi Teks Pararaton: dari Serat ke Novel." Diglossia: Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesusastraan 10, no. 1 (September 8, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26594/diglossia.v10i1.1237.

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This paper is ground by the presence of novel Pararaton as a new form of text Pararaton. The problem in this paper is how the Pararaton text is perceived into a novel form. This paper aims to explain the novel differences with the classic Pararaton texts and to show an inversion in the form of a novel that is adapted according to the horizon of today's readers' expectations. To address this problem, this paper uses Hans Robert Jauss' reception theory and phenomenology methods. This paper shows some analysis results. First, the novel Pararaton shows richer with narrative detailing than the Pararaton text. Secondly, Novel Pararaton also shows the creation of the depiction of Ken Arok, Ken Dedes, and Tunggul Ametung. The creations relate to the expectations horizon of today's society. Third, Pararaton's novel as a reflection of Pararatonic classical texts, figures or characterizations, story settings, and grooves. Fourth, the novel Pararaton presented with a full ethical narrative in describing the characters Tunggul Ametung and Ken Arok.Key word: novel Pararaton, reception, the expectation horizon, inversion
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13

Markussen, Randi. "Constructing Easiness—Historical Perspectives on Work, Computerization, and Women." Sociological Review 42, no. 1_suppl (May 1994): 158–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1994.tb03415.x.

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The assertion that technologies have made life easier and consequently better, often lurks in how we evaluate technologies. It implies an idea of history linked to modernity with its idea of progress. With my point of departure in the concepts of space of experience and horizon of expectation, I try to develop another understanding of history and a reassessment of how we evaluate technologies. Horizons of expectation of information technologies and developmental work are described and examined in the light of its impact on women's work, and how we envision power and authority. Finally, possibilities and dilemmas in women's lives within this reconceptualization is stressed and the conditions under which women may change their lives. Nothing says that the present reduces to presence. Why, in the transition from future to past, should the present not be the time of initiative—that is, the time when the weight of history that has already been made is deposited, suspended, and interrupted, and when the dream of history yet to be made is transposed into a responsible decision? Therefore it is within the dimension of acting (and suffering, which is its corollary) that thought about history will bring together its perspectives, within the horizon of the idea of an imperfect mediation. (Ricoeur, 1988:208)
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14

Comer, G. L. "Expectation value of the horizon area for thermal equilibrium black holes." Classical and Quantum Gravity 8, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): L119—L123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/8/6/001.

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15

SHIRAISHI, KIYOSHI. "QUANTUM EFFECTS NEAR CHARGED DILATONIC BLACK HOLES." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 38 (December 14, 1992): 3569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392002986.

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Kwon, Bokyu, and Soohee Han. "Least-Mean-Square Receding Horizon Estimation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/631759.

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We propose a least-mean-square (LMS) receding horizon (RH) estimator for state estimation. The proposed LMS RH estimator is obtained from the conditional expectation of the estimated state given a finite number of inputs and outputs over the recent finite horizon. Anya prioristate information is not required, and existing artificial constraints for easy derivation are not imposed. For a general stochastic discrete-time state space model with both system and measurement noise, the LMS RH estimator is explicitly represented in a closed form. For numerical reliability, the iterative form is presented with forward and backward computations. It is shown through a numerical example that the proposed LMS RH estimator has better robust performance than conventional Kalman estimators when uncertainties exist.
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Lee, Jaejoon, and Charles R. Nelson. "Expectation horizon and the Phillips Curve: the solution to an empirical puzzle." Journal of Applied Econometrics 22, no. 1 (January 2007): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jae.928.

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Marcozzi, Michael. "Probabilistic Interpretation of Solutions of Linear Ultraparabolic Equations." Mathematics 6, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math6120286.

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We demonstrate the existence, uniqueness and Galerkin approximatation of linear ultraparabolic terminal value/infinite-horizon problems on unbounded spatial domains. Furthermore, we provide a probabilistic interpretation of the solution in terms of the expectation of an associated ultradiffusion process.
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Ge, Ming, and Eric C. Kerrigan. "Noise covariance identification for nonlinear systems using expectation maximization and moving horizon estimation." Automatica 77 (March 2017): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2016.11.011.

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20

Palm, Trineke. "Interwar Blueprints of Europe: Emotions, Experience and Expectation." Politics and Governance 6, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v6i4.1522.

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The notion of European integration has been contested from its very start. In the interwar period many ideas were floating around on how to shape European unity. These interwar Blueprints for Europe have to be understood in the context of conflicting and contradictory emotions of enmity and amity. This article looks at the emotive vocabulary of the canonical text of Coudenhove-Kalergi’s <em>Pan-Europa. </em>It applies an emotion discourse analysis, using Koselleck’s notion of “space of experience” and “horizon of expectation”. As such it shows the connection between the understanding and use of time and emotions in discourse—thereby demonstrating the necessity of “reading” the blueprints of European integration as highly normative and moral claims on the design of this European order.
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Thiselton, Anthony C. "Reception Theory, H. R. Jauss and the Formative Power of Scripture." Scottish Journal of Theology 65, no. 3 (July 27, 2012): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930612000129.

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AbstractFormation constitutes the key link between reception theory, Jauss and scripture. The Bible shapes readers by showing them what lies beyond the self. Hans Robert Jauss (1921–97) remains the effective founder of reception theory or reception history. He was a literary theorist, who specialised in romance literature. Following Hans-Georg Gadamer, he insisted that texts carry ‘a still unfinished meaning’, and focused on their historical influence. The exposition of how communities or thinkers have received texts includes de-familiarisation; sometimes the ‘completion’ of meaning, as in much reader-response theory; and instances of when a text ‘satisfies, surpasses, disappoints, or refutes the expectations’ of readers. Reception theory can often trace continuity in the reception of texts, as well as disjunctions, reversals and surprises. It offers a more disciplined approach to scripture than most reader-response theories. Clearly horizons of expectation play a major role in the interpretation of biblical texts. I suggest six direct parallels with biblical interpretation. (1) Like Francis Watson and others, Jauss rejects any value-neutral objectivism in interpretation. (2) The readers’ horizon of expectation derives partly from earlier readings of the text. (3) Horizons can move and change, and thus transform readers as these change. (4) Biblical genres display all of Jauss’ accounts of the responses of readers. For example, parables of reversal may surpass what the Christian believer expects, or disappoint the unbeliever. (5) Like Gadamer, Jauss emphasises the importance of formulating constructive questions in approaching texts. (6) Jauss’ ‘levels of reading’ correspond closely with Bakhtin's notion of polyphony. I compare Ormond Rush's work on reception and otherness, and Luther's insistence that the Bible often confronts us as our adversary to judge and to transform us. Finally, we illustrate the history of reception from Ulrich Luz on Matthew, from Childs on Exodus, and from my commentaries on 1 Corinthians and 1 and 2 Thessalonians.
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Yang, Yiying. "On Translation of Cultural Images in Chang Hen Ge from the Perspective of Reception Theory." Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 42, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2019-0031.

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Abstract Based on concepts of horizon of expectation and indeterminacy in reception theory, this paper reports a comparative analysis of Chang Hen Ge, a narrative poem written by Chinese poet Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty, and its English translations by William John Bainbrigge Fletcher, Herbert Allen Giles, Xu Yuanchong as well as Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang. Results are as follows: 1) Xu’s translation is the best in that he adds annotations and combines literal and free translations so as to explicate cultural connotations and underlying implications of images while meeting and broadening target readers’ horizon of expectation. In addition, he tries to replicate figurative characteristics and transform rhetorical techniques of original cultural images to retain the source text’s indeterminacy and aesthetic value and to provide target readers with intense aesthetic experience. 2) There are inappropriate and inaccurate translations of cultural images in all the four English translations, and they are caused by differences in ethnic history, religious belief, mode of thinking, features of English and Chinese as well as the subjectivity of translators.
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Sinha, Aloke Kumar. "Thermal fluctuations and correlations among hairs of a stable quantum black hole: Some examples." Modern Physics Letters A 33, no. 33 (October 29, 2018): 1850190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732318501900.

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We have already derived the criteria for thermal stability of charged rotating quantum black holes, for horizon areas that are large relative to the Planck area. The derivation is done by using results of loop quantum gravity and equilibrium statistical mechanics of the grand canonical ensemble. We have also showed that in four-dimensional spacetime, quantum AdS Kerr–Newman black hole and asymptotically AdS dyonic black hole with electric and magnetic charge are thermally stable within certain range of its parameters. In this paper, the expectation values of fluctuations and correlations among horizon area, electric charge and angular momentum (magnetic charge) of these black holes are calculated within their range of stability. Interestingly, it is found that leading order fluctuations of electric charge and angular momentum (magnetic charge), in large horizon area limit, are independent of the values of electric charge and angular momentum (magnetic charge) at equilibrium.
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Azizah, Asma, and Prayudias Margawati. "Horizon of Expectation of Children’s Ideal Future in 1946 Represented in Enid Blyton’s 'Malory Towers'." Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 9, no. 2 (October 29, 2020): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v9i2.38334.

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1946 was a recovery year after Second World War ended and the early modern era. At the beginning of modern era, children were taught the basic attitude of well manners and respecting others. The social attitudes into children give adults more attention to children as separate beings, innocent, and need of protection. Therefore, this study aimed to explain (1) what British expectation toward children’s future described on Enid Blyton’s Malory Towers (2) children’s characters in Enid Blyton’s Malory Towers formed by the participation of British role and (3) today’s perspective of British ideas in 1946. Qualitative descriptive study is employed with “horizon of Expectation” of reader response theory by Hans Robert Jauss is served to analyze the data. It is found that as illustrated in Malory Towers, British were expected their children to be kind, good-hearted, loved, trusted, and reliable child. In addition, parents, school, and friend’s role are important to forming children’s character to teach some values such as discipline, responsible, politeness, caring, loyal and understanding, respectful, mental strength, steady and wise attitude to reach the ideal future. On other hand, in 1946, education aims to change the society to fit the ideas of the ruling government or to create the utopian society through education. Furthermore, there are some similarities and differences of British ideas in 1946 and today’s perspective of British education system and boarding school in which all the ideas have a good aim for children’s future.s
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Derbenyova, Lidiya. "THE ROLE OF ANTHROPONYMS IN THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF ARTISTIC WORKS." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2019, no. 29 (November 2019): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-6.

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The article explores the role of antropoetonyms in the reader’s “horizon of expectation” formation. As a kind of “text in the text”, antropoetonyms are concentrating a large amount of information on a minor part of the text, reflecting the main theme of the work. As a “text” this class of poetonyms performs a number of functions: transmission and storage of information, generation of new meanings, the function of “cultural memory”, which explains the readers’ “horizon of expectations”. In analyzing the context of the literary work we should consider the function of antropoetonyms in vertical context (the link between artistic and other texts, and the groundwork system of culture), as well as in the context of the horizontal one (times’ connection realized in the communication chain from the word to the text; the author’s intention). In this aspect, the role of antropoetonyms in the structure of the literary text is extremely significant because antropoetonyms convey an associative nature, generating a complex mechanism of allusions. It’s an open fact that they always transmit information about the preceding text and suggest a double decoding. On the one hand, the recipient decodes this information, on the other – accepts this as a sort of hidden, “secret” sense.
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Farkas, Aliz. "Critical Reception of William Faulkner’s." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2017-0025.

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AbstractThe history of reception of William Faulkner’s most cherished work, The Sound and the Fury, tellingly reveals the changes that have occurred in reader attitude toward the novel since its first publication in 1929. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the modalities of interpretation employed by three, culturally and historically distinct “interpretive communities” (Fish 1980): American literary critics and reviewers evaluating the novel upon its first publication, Romanian literary critics and reviewers expressing their opinion on the Romanian translation of the novel published in 1971, and contemporary Internet bloggers and commenters discussing their reading experience with the novel.Relying on Hans Robert Jauss’s notions of “aesthetic distance” and “horizon of expectation” (Jauss 1970, 1982), I have raised two questions that I will try to answer at the end of this paper. First, I would like to see whether the literary career of The Sound and the Fury follows the trajectory from initial rejection to wide acceptance with increasing aesthetic value, as predicted by Jauss’s theory. Second, I am interested in finding out whether those features of the novel that were initially perceived as unfamiliar and incomprehensible were indeed incorporated into the later readers’ horizon of expectations, so that they no longer pose problems for the readers.
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Gal, Joseph. "New Single-Isomer Compounds on the Horizon." CNS Spectrums 7, S1 (April 2002): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900028601.

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ABSTRACTIn 1992, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued new guidelines governing stereoisomerism in new-drug development. The guidelines strongly encourage the development of single isomers and discourage stereoisomeric (eg, racemic) mixtures. As a result, most new chiral drugs are being developed as single enantiomers (ie, single isomers). There are three mechanisms for the identification and development of new single-isomer drugs: chiral switches (CS), chiral metashifts (CM), and new single-isomer chemical entities (NSICEs). In a CS, one of the two enantiomers of an established racemate is developed as a new drug, with the expectation that the single-isomer form has advantages over the racemic parent in terms of efficacy and/or adverse effects. Many new CS drugs are in development, eg, (S)-oxybutynin for urinary incontinence and escitalopram for depression. In a CM, a chiral metabolite of a drug is developed, in single-isomer form, as an agent with advantages over the parent. Among the current CM drugs in development are (+)-norcisapride (safer GI prokinetic agent than the racemic parent cisapride) and (S)-desmethylzopiclone (antianxiety agent, metabolite of the sedative-hypnotic zopi-clone). Many NSICEs are in development, eg, rosuvastatin as an antihypercholesterolemic, posaconazole as an antifungal, sitafloxacin as a fluoroquinolone antibacterial, pregabalin as an anticonvulsant, abarelix as an antineoplastic, etc. As in the development of any new drug, not every single-isomer candidate will reach the clinic, but there is no doubt that the move to single-isomer agents is an important step forward in the search for better and safer drugs.
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Lützeler, Paul Michael. "Zur Zukunft der Nationalphilologien: Europäische Kontexte und weltliterarische Aspekte." Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 45, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iasl-2020-0004.

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AbstractIn a time of intensified interdisciplinary research, of expanding translation activities and an internationalized book market, one wonders what is happening in the academic fields of national philologies. ‘Subsidarity’ – a term used by social scientists who deal with political federal structures – can illustrate the relation between national and European or global literary studies. Furthermore, the terms Erfahrungsraum (‘realm of experience’) and Erwartungshorizont (‘horizon of expectation’) used by the historian Reinhart Koselleck can also help to explain this relationship.
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Lai, Yihao, Wei-Shih Chung, and Jiaming Chen. "Hedging performance and the heterogeneity among market participants." Studies in Economics and Finance 36, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-04-2018-0102.

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Purpose This paper aims to apply the heterogeneous autoregressive model of realized volatility (HAR-RV) model to minimum-variance hedge ratio estimation and compares the hedging performance of presenting a model with that of a conventional rolling ordinary-least-square (OLS) hedging model. Moreover, this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between hedging performance and the heterogeneity of investors with different trading frequency in forming the expectation for the spot volatility, futures volatility and the covariance in the market. Design/methodology/approach Use HAR-RV to form expectations of participants of spots and futures market for the next period volatility based on two parts. One is the current observable realized volatility at the same time scale. The other is the expectation for the next longer time scale horizon volatility. Compare hedging performance with rolling OLS model and HAR-RV model. Present a three-times-scale-length (daily, weekly and monthly) HAR-RV model for the spot and futures returns and volatility to analyze the relationship between the hedging performance and the heterogeneity among participants in each market. Findings The empirical results show that HAR-RV model outperforms the rolling OLS in terms of variance reduction and expected utility in the out-of-sample period. The results also indicate that the greater variance reduction occurs when investors with different trading frequency have a less heterogeneous expectation for spot volatility and more heterogeneous expectation for futures volatility and the covariance. In addition, the expected utility increases along with lower heterogeneity in spot volatility and higher in futures volatility and the covariance. Hedging performance improves along with decreasing heterogeneity of investors in spot volatility and increasing heterogeneity in futures volatility and the covariance. Originality/value This paper considers the heterogeneity of participants in spot and futures market, the authors apply HAR-RV model to MVHR estimation and compare the hedging performance of presenting a model with that of conventional rolling OLS hedging model, providing more evidence in hedging literature. This paper analyzes in depth the relationship between hedging performance and the heterogeneity in the market.
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Vandenko, Olga. "THE PROBLEM OF «THE HORIZON OF EXPECTATION OF THE READER» IN THE WORK OF P. HERTLINGʼS «HELDERLIN»." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 2(70) (June 14, 2018): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2018-2(70)-42-44.

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FÖLLMER, HANS, and IRINA PENNER. "MONETARY VALUATION OF CASH FLOWS UNDER KNIGHTIAN UNCERTAINTY." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 14, no. 01 (February 2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024911006231.

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The classical valuation of an uncertain cash flow in discrete time consists in taking the expectation of the sum of the discounted future payoffs under a fixed probability measure, which is assumed to be known. Here we discuss the valuation problem in the context of Knightian uncertainty. Using results from the theory of convex risk measures, but without assuming the existence of a global reference measure, we derive a robust representation of concave valuations with an infinite time horizon, which specifies the interplay between model uncertainty and uncertainty about the time value of money.
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Minch, Daniel. "The Fractured Self and the Primacy of the Future: Edward Schillebeeckx and the Eschatological Horizon." Horizons 43, no. 1 (May 13, 2016): 57–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2016.5.

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In light of the problem of the postmodern “de-centered” subject for Christianity, I address the loss of a common expectation horizon of the eschatological future. This loss is situated within the wider collapse of modern metanarratives and the dispersal of the primacy and critical power of the future, leading to an incomplete and even shattered process of identity formation for Christians. By recovering elements of Edward Schillebeeckx's eschatology, I suggest a way forward by drawing on the wider Christian tradition and hope for salvation as an essential element for the ongoing process of identity formation, while using his thought to critique the fractured postmodern “self” and contemporary trends in culture, religion, and economics.
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Barrow, John D. "Maximum force and naked singularities in higher dimensions." International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, no. 14 (August 20, 2020): 2043008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820430087.

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We discuss the existence of maximum forces in ([Formula: see text])-dimensional spacetimes and show that the existence of a mass-independent maximum force does not occur in general relativity in spaces of more than three dimensions. Instead, the maximum force increases with the masses of merging objects as [Formula: see text] and allows unbounded gravitational forces to occur. This suggests that naked singularities can arise in more than three dimensions because they are unprotected by a maximum force at the horizon surface. This creates a new perspective on the expectation of naked singularities in higher dimensions.
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Colebrook, Claire. "Slavery and the Trumpocene: It's Not the End of the World." Oxford Literary Review 41, no. 1 (July 2019): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/olr.2019.0264.

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There is something more catastrophic than the end of the world, especially when ‘world’ is understood as the horizon of meaning and expectation that has composed the West. If the Anthropocene is the geological period marking the point at which the earth as a living system has been altered by ‘anthropos,’ the Trumpocene marks the twenty-first-century recognition that the destruction of the planet has occurred by way of racial violence, slavery and annihilation. Rather than saving the world, recognizing the Trumpocene demands that we think about destroying the barbarism that has marked the earth.
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Karimi, Somayeh, and Alireza Hassanzadeh. "Horizon of Ethnic Expectation: An Anthropological Study of Ethnic Identity among the Gilak Ethnic Group in Northern Iran." International Journal of Critical Cultural Studies 16, no. 2 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-0055/cgp/v16i02/1-13.

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Vergara Anderson, Luis. "La Ucronía reconsiderada: Ricœur y la reivindicación del concepto del último día." Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies 2, no. 2 (December 8, 2011): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/errs.2011.104.

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In the third volume of Ricœur’s Time and Narrative we find a proposal concerning the ethical-political responsibilities of the historian –and in general of all professionals in the field of history–based on the distinction experience space / expectation horizon due to Reinhart Koselleck. In this paper we first describe what it seems to be for us the core of this proposal, which refers (negatively) to the notion of utopia; we then proceed to review Ricœur’s most important texts on this notion; and, in third place we argue that a certain line of thinking developed in Latin America can be connected with Ricœur’s proposal, complementing it, prolonging it, and correcting it.
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Nicolaï, Jean-Paul. "Le temps comme singulier collectif." Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies 11, no. 2 (March 17, 2021): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/errs.2020.510.

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Time as a collective singular cannot be fully captured by Ricoeur’s poetic response to the aporias of time. Ricoeur works on this question in particular from Kant, Husserl and Heidegger, and, at the end of Time and Narrative, returns to the question of the unicity of history, discussing Hegel and reappropriating Koselleck’s concepts of the horizon of expectation and the space of experience. We present this inquiry, discuss the reservations expressed about it, and propose to open two ways for a deepening of Ricœurian thought. The first provides a framework for the idea of “learning together”; the second aims at the very possibility of a "we."
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Graf, Rüdiger. "Anticipating the Future in the Present: “New Women” and Other Beings of the Future in Weimar Germany." Central European History 42, no. 4 (November 16, 2009): 647–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938909991026.

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Why another article about the “new woman” in Weimar Germany, which for at least twenty-five years has been a favorite topic of historical scholarship in various disciplines? Earlier studies in history, art history, and German and Gender Studies unmasked the “new woman” as a media construction unrelated to the life-world of women after World War I, and newer studies emphasize the liberating tendencies, especially for younger women in Weimar Germany. Broadening these perspectives, I will argue that the concept of the “new woman” and its specific temporal structure can be seen further as a paradigm case for Weimar political and intellectual debates in general. “New women” were conceptualized as anticipations of the future and thus need to be situated and understood in front of the broader horizon of expectation, in the words of Reinhart Koselleck, of Weimar Germany. Because the realm of politics is constituted by expectations of the future, of what will happen and of what may be done, an analysis of the “new woman” and concurring anticipations of the future can, in turn, elucidate the structure and dynamics of political discourse in Weimar Germany.
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Hogeterp, A. L. A. "Eschatologisch Schriftgebruik in het Nieuwe Testament in het licht van de rollen van de Dode Zee." NTT Journal for Theology and the Study of Religion 62, no. 2 (May 18, 2008): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ntt2008.62.140.hoge.

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This article reviews eschatological interpretations of Isaiah, Psalms, and Daniel in the New Testament in light of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Q 7:18-23 and 4Q521 attest to a horizon of expectation that an anointed messenger (Isa. 61:1) and divine miracles (e.g. Isa. 26:19) confirm hope in the Lord ‐ hope that the Jesus-movement identified with Jesus as Lord. The Davidic messianism that exegesis of Ps. 110:1 in Mrk. 12:35-37a par. counters is partly informed by accents of Davidic messianism in 11QPsa. Mark 13:26-27 par., that alludes to Dan. 7:13-14, shares with 4QpsDana ar 24 2 the motif of the gathering of the elect.
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Dixon, Levi, and Dan Nathan-Roberts. "Watch Out! Or do we? A Review of Literature on Human Locomotion, Visual Gaze, and Expectation of Trip Hazards." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601794.

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Pedestrian trip and fall events, a major source of accidental injury and death, are often the result of a vertical perturbation that goes undetected by a pedestrian. Inattention is frequently blamed as the underlying root cause of the fall. However, research suggests that a pedestrian’s visual gaze is typically focused out towards the horizon and not towards the ground in the immediate vicinity of their feet, leaving them with poor visual acuity to detect subtle details on the walking surface. To the extent a vertical perturbation is unexpected, the likelihood of a trip event is increased. Relevant research on gait cycles, toe clearance, visual gaze, and expectation is examined to determine why pedestrians may fail to detect walkway hazards that are physically possible to see. Synthesis and future research are also discussed.
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Pejhan, Hamed, and Surena Rahbardehghan. "Examining a covariant and renormalizable quantum field theory in de Sitter space by studying “black hole radiation”." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 11 (April 14, 2016): 1650052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16500524.

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Respecting that any consistent quantum field theory in curved space–time must include black hole radiation, in this paper, we examine the Krein–Gupta–Bleuler (KGB) formalism as an inevitable quantization scheme in order to follow the guideline of the covariance of minimally coupled massless scalar field and linear gravity on de Sitter (dS) background in the sense of Wightman–Gärding approach, by investigating thermodynamical aspects of black holes. The formalism is interestingly free of pathological large distance behavior. In this construction, also, no infinite term appears in the calculation of expectation values of the energy–momentum tensor (we have an automatic and covariant renormalization) which results in the vacuum energy of the free field to vanish. However, the existence of an effective potential barrier, intrinsically created by black holes gravitational field, gives a Casimir-type contribution to the vacuum expectation value of the energy–momentum tensor. On this basis, by evaluating the Casimir energy–momentum tensor for a conformally coupled massless scalar field in the vicinity of a nonrotating black hole event horizon through the KGB quantization, in this work, we explicitly prove that the hole produces black-body radiation which its temperature exactly coincides with the result obtained by Hawking for black hole radiation.
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Chernobai, Ekaterina, and Tarique Hossain. "Determinants of house buyers’ expected holding periods in boom and bust markets in California." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 10, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 256–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-05-2016-0034.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the determinants of homeowners’ planned holding periods. Real estate market is known for displaying buying and selling behavior that does not conform to traditional economic theories such as rational expectation or expected utility. Mounting evidence of anomalous observations appear to be supported by other theories, such as prospect theory, which in particular helps explain the disposition effect – sellers are too quick to sell when prices are climbing and hold on to properties longer when prices are plummeting. While this evidence is widely documented in housing studies based on data on realized holding periods (i.e. ex post), this study explores factors that may motivate homeowners to alter their expected holding horizons (i.e. ex ante) to form new preferred holding periods that may be shorter or longer than those planned during house search. Design/methodology/approach The empirical study uses data collected from two cross-section surveys of recent homebuyers in rising and declining housing markets in Southern California in 2004-2005 and 2007-2008, respectively. Findings The empirical results demonstrate that in addition to the financial characteristics of the recent homebuyer, the characteristics of the buying experience – non-monetary, such as the realized search duration, and monetary, such as perception of negative or positive premium paid for the house relative to its market value – have a statistically significant effect on the holding horizon revision. The data strongly indicate that the perception of having overpaid increases the likelihood of upward revision of the original holding horizon. This effect is stronger in the declining than in the rising market – a crucial finding that mirrors the disposition effect. Originality/value This study sheds new light on what may contribute to the disposition effect in housing markets that has not yet been investigated in past literature. The novel approach here is to look at how different house price environments may affect homeowners’ holding periods ex ante when they begin, rather than ex post when already realized.
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Petrovsky, Vladimir, Friedrich Kratochwil, and Erwin Lanc. "Theme II: Security: New Threats and New Strategies." Leiden Journal of International Law 16, no. 4 (December 2003): 873–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156503001547.

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Among many goals which governments and individuals always pursue, the broadest and most common is security. It is the basic context in which most other values are enjoyed, in the expectation that they will last for a long time. However, the meaning of security has always been ambiguous. At the end of the twentieth century the world held great promise: the Cold War was over and we hoped to see a peaceful, secure future after the century of interstate conflicts, taking full advantage of globalization and minimizing its negative effects. Now, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, new challenges to security are looming over the horizon. We are facing today the emergence of a global society, which crosses national borders and makes the world closer economically and technologically.
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Arashti, Maryam Gholizadeh, and Majid Dehghani. "Schwinger effect in an instanton background with electric and magnetic fields via holography." Modern Physics Letters A 33, no. 25 (August 12, 2018): 1850144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732318501444.

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The Schwinger effect in the presence of instantons and background magnetic field was considered to study the dependence of critical electric field on instanton density and magnetic field using AdS/CFT conjecture. The gravity side is the near horizon limit of D3[Formula: see text]D(−[Formula: see text]1) background with electric and magnetic fields on the brane. Our approach is based on the potential analysis for particle–antiparticle pair at zero and finite temperatures, where the zero temperature case is a semi-confining theory. We find that presence of instantons suppresses the pair creation effect, similar to a background magnetic field. Then, the production rate will be obtained numerically using the expectation value of circular Wilson loop. The obtained production rate in a magnetic field is in agreement with previous results.
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Han, Bingyan, and Hoi Ying Wong. "Optimal investment and consumption problems under correlation ambiguity." IMA Journal of Management Mathematics 31, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpz002.

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Abstract Consider an economy with $d$ stochastic factors that have an ambiguous variance–covariance matrix. An ambiguity- and risk-averse agent seeks to determine the optimal investment and consumption strategy that is robust to the uncertainty in the covariances. We formulate the robust decision rule as an expected utility maximization over the worst-case scenario with respect to all possible covariances. As this variance–covariance ambiguity leads to robust optimal decisions over a set of non-equivalent probability measures, the $G$-expectation framework is adopted to characterize the problem as a maximin optimization. Our problem formulation can be applied to finite and infinite horizon investment–consumption problems with or without a subsistence consumption constraint. We demonstrate our models using two examples including the defined contribution pension problem and lifetime optimal investment–consumption problems.
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Faridzadeh, Ghazaleh. "In Search of Equal Justice (al-ʿadl bis-sawiyya)." Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society 7, no. 1 (July 8, 2021): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/23642807-bja10016.

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Abstract In the last century and a half, modern legal ideas and institutions have more or less found their way into traditional Muslim societies. The translation and transmission of foreign ideas, notions, and concepts into the Islamic context brought about a crisis, which has led to the evaluation of a field of discourse over modernity. The current paper seeks to explain the modifications of the legal language and concepts within the constitutional experience of the Islamic world during the 19th and 20th centuries, by reference to Reinhart Koselleck’s “space of experience” and the “horizon of expectation”. For this purpose, the essay deals with the development of the modern concept of “equality” and some related notions, such as “justice” and “fairness”, with a focus on selected source texts in Arabic, Persian, and Ottoman-Turkish.
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Samson Young. "The Voicing of the Voiceless in Tan Dun’s The Map: Horizon of Expectation and the Rhetoric of National Style." Asian Music 40, no. 1 (2008): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/amu.0.0021.

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FERREIRA, ANTONIO NELORRACION GONÇALVES. "A EMERGÊNCIA E “CRISE” DA CONCEPÇÃO MODERNA DE TEMPO E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES NA REFLEXÃO HISTORIOGRÁFICA E FILOSÓFICA CONTEMPORÂNEAS." Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 16, no. 28 (July 21, 2019): 48–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v16i28.709.

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Este artigo busca abordar algumas das principais reflexões teórico-metodológicas (algumas com um caráter mais nitidamente político) sobre o tempo no campo das ciências humanas na contemporaneidade. Tem-se como ponto de partida um breve esboço da concepção moderna de tempo. Já que é a constituição e “crise” dessa noção em seus vários desdobramentos que aparece como condição de possibilidade das reflexões que serão aqui abordadas, como: o “campo de experiência” e o “horizonte de expectativa” de Reinhart Koselleck, o tempo redimido em Walter Benjamin e o devir e o acontecimento no tempo não-reconciliado de Gilles Deleuze. Palavras-chave: Tempo. Modernidade.Político. THE EMERGENCE AND “CRISIS” OF THE MODERN CONCEPTION OF TIME AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTEMPORANY HISTORIOGRAPHICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION Abstract: This article tries to address some of the main theoretical-methodological reflections (some with a more clearly political character) about the time in the field of the human sciences in the contemporaneity. The starting point is a brief outline of the modern conception of time. Since it is the constitution and "crisis" of this notion in its various unfoldings that appears as a condition of possibility of the reflections that will be addressed here, such as Reinhart Koselleck's "field of experience" and the "horizon of expectation", the redeemed time in Walter Benjamin and the becoming and the event in the unreconciled time of Gilles Deleuze. Keywords: Time. Modernity. Political. LA EMERGENCIA Y “CRISIS” DE LA CONCEPCIÓN MODERNA DE TIEMPO Y SUS IMPLICACIONES EN LA REFLEXIÓN HISTORIOGRÁFICA Y FILOSÓFICA CONTEMPORÂNEAS Resumen: Este artículo busca abordar algunas de las principales reflexiones teórico-metodológicas (algunas con un carácter más nítidamente político) sobre el tiempo en el campo de las ciencias humanas en la contemporaneidad. Se tiene como punto de partida un breve esbozo de la concepción moderna de tiempo. En cuanto a la constitución y “crisis” de esa noción en sus diversos desdoblamientos que aparece como condición de posibilidad de las reflexiones que se abordarán aquí, como: el "campo de experiencia" y el "horizonte de expectativa" de Reinhart Koselleck, el tiempo redimido en Walter Benjamin y el devenir y el acontecimiento en el tiempo no reconciliado de Gilles Deleuze. Palabras clave: Tiempo. Modernidad. Político.
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Zhang, Lidong, Ximin Rong, and Ziping Du. "Precommitted Investment Strategy versus Time-Consistent Investment Strategy for a Dual Risk Model." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/972487.

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We are concerned with optimal investment strategy for a dual risk model. We assume that the company can invest into a risk-free asset and a risky asset. Short-selling and borrowing money are allowed. Due to lack of iterated-expectation property, the Bellman Optimization Principle does not hold. Thus we investigate the precommitted strategy and time-consistent strategy, respectively. We take three steps to derive the precommitted investment strategy. Furthermore, the time-consistent investment strategy is also obtained by solving the extended Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations. We compare the precommitted strategy with time-consistent strategy and find that these different strategies have different advantages: the former can make value function maximized at the original timet=0and the latter strategy is time-consistent for the whole time horizon. Finally, numerical analysis is presented for our results.
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Moltmann, Jürgen. "Christian Hope: Messianic or Transcendent? A Theological Discussion with Joachim of Fiore and Thomas Aquinas." Horizons 12, no. 2 (1985): 328–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900035027.

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AbstractHenri de Lubac and Hans Urs von Balthasar have criticized my “Theology of Hope” as being written “messianically” in the spirit of Joachim de Fiore and grounded from an Old Testament-Jewish perspective, whereas they claim true Christian hope is “present” in character and oriented vertically: not the future but the heavenly eternity is its fulfillment. Because both of them call upon Thomas Aquinas I have undertaken in this article a dialogue with Joachim de Fiore and Thomas Aquinas in order to elucidate my own position in conversation with them: the biblically grounded Christian hope is directed toward the parousia of Christ and sees in it future for Israel and future for the world. Chiliasm and eschatology designate the immanent and the transcendent sides of this future of Christ. Christian hope is messianic hope in the horizon of eschatological expectation.
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