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Jovanovic, Olga. "Rekombinantni humani hormon rasta u lecenju zaostajanja u rastu dece sa smanjenom funkcijom bubrega." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 130, no. 3-4 (2002): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0204121j.
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Božić, Katarina, Tatjana Milenković, Srđan Pašić, Katarina Mitrović, Slađana Todorović, Gordana Petrović, Sanja Panić-Zarić, Milica Zečević, and Rade Vuković. "First report on growth hormone treatment response in a patient with spondylodysplastic type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with normal growth hormone secretion." Zdravstvena zastita 50, no. 1 (2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zdravzast50-30794.
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Introduction/Aim: Spondylodysplastic Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (sdEDS) is a rare genetic disorder of collagen synthesis, caused by a mutation in the B4GALT7, B3GALT6, or SLC39A13 gene. Features of this very rare disorder are short stature, hypotonia, hyperflexible joints, soft, thin, and overly stretchable skin, sparse hair and eyebrows, elderly face, wide forehead and prolonged wound healing. Molecular genetic analysis is needed for definite confirmation of the diagnosis. So far, only three case reports describing growth hormone treatment response in patients with sdEDS have been published. All of these patients had growth hormone (GH) deficiency. We present the first case report regarding growth hormone treatment response in a patient with sdEDS and normal GH secretion (without GH deficiency). Case report: Patient was a girl with short stature and normal GH secretion. Having in mind that the girl was born small for the gestational age, due to her short stature, she started using HR, before the diagnosis of sdEDS was made. Based on the lack of improvement in growth velocity as well as the girl's phenotype, genetic analyses were performed and the diagnosis of sdEDS due to biallelic mutations of the B4GALT7 gene was established. After the diagnosis of sdEDS was made and due to suboptimal response in growth velocity to the GH treatment, the GH therapy was stopped at the age of 11 years. Conclusion: This is a first case report regarding GH treatment in a child with sdEDS and normal GH secretion, demonstrating a very limited therapeutic effect of GH on linear growth in the presented patient.
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Liutkauskienė, Sigita, Elona Juozaitytė, Lina Poškienė, Darius Pranys, and Kristina Jurėnienė. "HER2 receptorių ir p53 baltymo padidėjusios raiškos įtaka II stadijos krūties vėžiu sergančių moterų gyvenimo trukmei." Medicina 46, no. 12 (December 12, 2010): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina46120114.
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Tyrimo tikslas. Ištirti p53 baltymo ir HER2 (c-erbB-2) receptorių padidėjusios raiškos įtaką II stadijos krūties vėžiu sirgusių jaunų moterų penkerių metų išgyvenamumui, atsižvelgiant į hormonų receptorių bei gydymo savitumų reikšmę. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Retrospektyviai analizuojama 34 Kauno apskrities moterų, gydytų 2001–2003 m. Kauno onkologijos ligoninėje, medicininė dokumentacija ir archyvinė histologinė medžiaga. Tiriamųjų kontingentas – jaunos, iki 50 metų moterys, kurioms diagnozuotas ir morfologiškai patvirtintas II stadijos krūties vėžys. 22 moterys išgyveno penkerius metus, 12 mirė penkerių metų laikotarpiu. Panaudojant archyvinę histologinę medžiagą de novo, tuometinėje KMUK Patologinės anatomijos klinikoje buvo atliktas p53 baltymo ir HER2 receptorių raiškos tyrimas imunohistocheminiu metodu. Panaudojant medicininę dokumentaciją, analizuota pacientėms skirta adjuvantinė chemoterapija, antraciklinų suminė dozė ir hormoninis gydymas. Rezultatai. Tarp visų 34 tiriamųjų 20,6 proc. atvejų rasta padidėjusi p53 baltymo raiška, 26,4 proc. atvejų – HER2 baltymo raiška. Analizuojant išgyvenamumą Kaplan-Meier metodu, nustatyta, kad mirties tikimybė penkerių metų laikotarpiu didesnė, kai naviko histologinėje medžiagoje rastas padidėjęs p53 baltymo kaupimasis, neigiami estrogenų receptoriai ir kai pacientės gydytos nepakankama antraciklino doze (log rank p=0,013, log rank p=0,02, log rank p=0,027, atitinkamai). Nerasta sąsajų tarp padidėjusios HER2 baltymo raiškos ir pacienčių penkerių metų išgyvenimo (log rank p=0,51). Daugiamatės analizės metodu nustatyta, kad vienintelis nepriklausomas veiksnys yra nepakankama antraciklinų dozė (p=0,028). Išvada. Jaunų moterų, susirgusių II stadijos krūties vėžiu, trumpesnei gyvenimo trukmei įtakos turi padidėjusi p53 baltymo raiška, sumažinta antraciklinų dozė ir neigiami estrogenų receptoriai, o HER2 baltymo padidėjusios raiškos įtakos penkerių metų gyvenimo trukmei nepavyko įrodyti. Nepriklausomas prognozinis veiksnys yra nepakankamas adjuvantinis gydymas antraciklinais.
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Dedov, I. I., V. A. Peterkova, T. Iu Shiriaeva, E. V. Nagaeva, N. N. Volevodz, O. A. Malievskiĭ, and M. Iu Svinarev. "The efficacy and safety of the application of the soluble form of Rastan in the children suffering from growth hormone deficiency." Problems of Endocrinology 57, no. 5 (October 15, 2011): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201157530-37.
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the application of the new soluble pharmaceutical form of Rastan for subcutaneous injections at a dose of 15 IU/ml and compare its action with that of Rastan lyophilisate, 4 IU, designed to prepare solutions for subcutaneous administration. The two dosage forms are used to treat children suffering from growth hormone deficiency. The study included patients at the age from 4 to 12 years presenting with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency; they were randomized into two groups. During the first three months, the patients of both groups were treated with different pharmaceutical forms of recombinant growth hormone (rGH). The children in group 1 were given Rastan for subcutaneous injections and those in group 2 received Rastan lyophilysate for the preparation of solutions for the subcutaneous administration. Either form of GH was used at an equal daily dose of 0.033 mg/kg b.w. The patients of both groups showed marked improvement of the parameters of linear growth within the first three months. The difference in the growth rates was not significantly different between the two groups which suggests the identical effect of the two forms of rGH. During the next 9 months when the patients of both groups were treated only with the rGH for subcutaneous injections, the absolute growth response, height SDS, and the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) continued to increase. It points out to the stable growth-promoting effect of Rastan for subcutaneous injections. No clinically significant abnormal changes in the results of complete blood cell count and biochemical analysis of blood were apparent during 12 months of therapy with this form of rGH. The same was true of the levels of free T4, cortisol, and prolactin in the blood. No adverse effects attributable to the therapy with rGH were documented.
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Samardžija, Marko, Jelka Pleadin, Miroslav Benić, Nina Kudumija, Dražen Đuričić, and Ines Gulić. "Variations in the concentration of 17ß-oestradiol and testosterone levels in calves of different sex, age, breed and farm origin." Veterinarska stanica 51, no. 3 (May 18, 2020): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.3.3.
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Fiziološke koncentracije spolnih hormona 17β-estradiola i testosterona varijaju s obzirom na vrstu životinje, dob, spol, pasminu, način držanja, hranidbu, stres i okolišne čimbenike. Navedeni hormoni su nužni za rast i razvoj životinje te njihovu spolnu zrelost i reproduktivnu funkciju. Zbog svog anaboličkog učinka koristili su se u prošlosti u intenzivnoj stočarskoj proizvodnji kao promotori rasta, putem stočne hrane ili u obliku implatanta. No, zbog svojih toksičnih učinaka u životinja i ljudi, uključujući mutagenost, kancerogenost i teratogenost, njihova je uporaba zabranjena u svrhu proizvodnje hrane životinjskog podrijetla. Danas je dopušteno korištenje prirodnih hormona samo u terapeutske svrhe za liječenje poremećaja reprodukcije i gravidnosti. S obzirom na stalni razvoj novih sintetskih tvari koje bi mogle imati anabolički učinak i mogu zlouporabu, nužno je tijekom redovitog provođenja kontrole te poznavanja fizioloških vrijednosti razina ovih hormona. Cilj ovog rada, uzimajući u obzir sve navedeno, bilo je istražiti razine prirodnih hormona 17β-estradiola i testosterona u krvi teladi različitog spola, pasmina, dobi i farmskog podrijetla na području Republike Hrvatske. U tu svrhu s tri različite farme na području Republike Hrvatske nasumično su izabrana 32 teleta različitog spola (5 muških i 27 ženskih), dobi 2 ‒ 5 mjeseci starosti, različitih pasmina i kategorija (13 teladi simentalske pasmine, 2 teladi mesne pasmine, 17 teladi holštajnske pasmine). Prilikom općeg kliničkog pregleda životinje od strane nadležnog veterinara, nisu primijećeni nikakvi znaci bolesti ili stanja koje bi mogle utjecati na razine ovih hormona. Prosječna razina 17β-estradiola iznosila je 28,8±11,0 ng/L. Koncentracija testosterona bila je niža od limita detekcije primjenjene analitičke metode u 24 uzorka plazme teladi, a detektirana je u 8 uzoraka s prosječnom koncentracijom od 126,7±167,5 ng/L, ukazujući na široku varijabilnost u koncentracijama ovog hormona. Statistički značajna razlika u koncentracijama određena je jedino za 17β-estradiol s obzirom na pasminski sastav i farmu podrijetla (P<0,05). S obzirom da su ustvrđene koncentracije u skladu s fiziološkim razinama iz ranije provedenih istraživanja u literaturi, u pretraživane teladi se može isključiti sumnja na ilegalnu uporabu sredstava s anaboličkim učinkom.Ključne riječi
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Sianipar, Imelda. "METODE NON FARMAKOLOGIS PENGURANG RASA NYERI SELAMA PERSALINAN." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Immanuel 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36051/jiki.v12i1.31.
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Persalinan yang nyaman merupakan dambaan setiap ibu yang ingin melahirkan. Tubuh ibu yang menjalani persalinan dengan perasaan nyaman akan mengeluarkan endorpin. Endorpin merupakan hormon penghilang rasa sakit alami yang dipercayai oleh para ahli memiliki 200 kali efek yang lebih kuat dari morfin. Banyak metode yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri, diantaranya dengan menggunakan metode farmakologis. Namun sayangnya metode ini hampir semua mempunyai efek samping pada ibu dan juga pada janin. Karena itu diperlukan tindakan non farmakologis yang sebagian besar bersifat distraksi tidak menyebabkan efeksamping baik pada ibu dan janin.
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Dedov, I. I., N. N. Volevodz, O. A. Malievskiĭ, and V. A. Peterkova. "Experience with the use of domestic somatotropin Rastan for the treatment of children with Turner syndrome." Problems of Endocrinology 56, no. 3 (June 15, 2010): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201056311-15.
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of the treatment of girls presenting with Turner syndrome by recombinant growth hormone Rastan (Farmstandart-UfaVITA). A total 29 girls in this condition were available for observation. Their chronological age at the time of diagnosis averaged 7.9±1.2 years at the time of diagnosis and 9.8±1.6 at the onset of therapy; the bone age was 7.5±1.1 years. Duration of the treatment was 24 months. Recombinant somatotropin was used in the form of lyophilisate (1.33 mg) to prepare a solution for subcutaneous injections at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg of body weight. The solution was administered daily at evening hours. The mean growth rate of the patients with Turner syndrome was estimated at 4.2±0.6 cm/year prior to Rastan therapy, 8.7±0.6 cm/year during the first 12 months of the treatment, and 6.1±1.2 cm/yr in the second year. Overall, the height of the girls increased by 0.84 SD within the two years. No adverse effects of therapy were documented. It is concluded that the use of recombinant somatotropin Rastan is an efficacious and safe therapeutic modality for the acceleration of growth in girls with Turner syndrome.
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Doknić, Mirjana. "Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and the importance of growth hormone replacement in transition from late adolescence to adulthood: Guidelines for patients with GHD in transition from pediatric to adult endocrinologist." Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma 23, no. 69 (2018): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/medgla1869043d.
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Aria Handika, Deno. "pengelolaan kelas, minat belajar, penggunan handphone, rasa percaya diri dan pola asuh orang tua terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas VII SMP 3 Palembayan." Horizon 1, no. 2 (May 2021): 420–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/horizon.2021.v1i2.4747.
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Fitrianingsih, Yeni, and Kemala Wandani. "Pengaruh Kompres Hangat Terhadap Rasa Nyeri Persalinan Kala I Fase Persalinan Fase Aktif di 3 BPM Kota Cirebon." Care : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan 6, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/cr.v6i1.806.
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Pain is the most dominan the first stage of childbirth. Pain of labor it can cause stress that causes, so it causing the release of hormone much like katekolamin and steroids. Excessive hormone secretion will cause Impaired uteroplacental circulation Thus causing hypoxia in the fetus. One for controlling labor pain by non-pharmacological methods that is warm compress
Objective: to know The influence of warm compressesto pain in the first stage of the active phase Independent midwives cirebon city
Methods: This research method Using design quasy eksprerimen design pre and post one group design The study sample is first stage of childbirth in independent midwifes city cirebon As many thirty respondents The data used in this study is the primary data Primary using a questionnaire given directly to the respondent. Stages of data analysis used are univariate and bivariate.
Results: The result of the analysis shows the value of coefficient Z of 4,820 and Asym.Sig (p value) of 0.000. This shows that the value of Asym.Sig (p value)
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Balvočius, Antanas. "Vyrų sutrikusios lytinės funkcijos androgeniniai aspektai." Lietuvos chirurgija 3, no. 4 (January 1, 2005): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2005.4.2302.
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Antanas BalvočiusTarptautinis medicinos centras Union Clinic Vilnius,Tilto g. 1/2, VilniusEl paštas: balvociusa@delfi.lt Įvadas / tikslas Lytinių steroidinių hormonų endokrininiai sutrikimai neigiamai paveikia vyrų lytinę funkciją. Straipsnio tikslas – pateikti pagyvenusių vyrų lytinės disfunkcijos tyrimų ir gydymo rezultatus, apžvelgti mokslinę literatūrą apie endokrininę vyrų lytinės disfunkcijos patofiziologiją, diagnostiką ir gydymą. Ligoniai ir metodai Nuo lytinės disfunkcijos gydyti 64 pagyvenę (50–75 metų, vidutinis amžius 59 metai) vyrai. Erekcijos sutrikimai pagal TEFR-5 skalę svyravo nuo 11 iki 21 balo (vidutiniškai 15,5). Testosterono (T) kraujo serume buvo nuo 15,8 iki 4,6 nmol/L. Mažiau kaip 11 nmol/L rasta 44 vyrams (69%). Pavartoję FDE-5 inhibitorių, erekcijos kokybe buvo nepatenkinti iš 64 net 46 ligoniai, iš jų 35 ligoniams buvo taikytas kombinuotasis gydymas: 250 mg testosterono injekcijos į raumenis kas trys savaitės ir 5-fosfodiesterazės inhibitorius 1 valandą prieš lytinius santykius. Po 3 mėn. lytinės funkcijos pagal TEFR-5 skalę didesnis kaip 21 balas buvo 30 ligonių (85,7%). Rezultatai Hipogonadizmas yra klinikinis ir biocheminis sindromas, pasižymintis nepakankama androgenų koncentracija serume, dėl to gali sumažėti lytinė trauka, pablogėti erekcijos ir gyvenimo kokybė. Jei yra klinikinių indikacijų skirti androgenų terapiją, ja testosterono koncentracija turi būti palaikoma neviršijant fiziologinių ribų. Egzistuoja terapinis sinergizmas, kai esant hipogonadizmui taikomas kombinuotasis gydymas testosteronu ir 5-fosfodiesterazės inhibitoriais. Prieš terapiją ir reguliariai po jos būtina atlikti prostatos digitalinę rektalinę apžiūrą ir nustatyti prostatos specifinius antigenus kraujo serume. Androgenų terapija gali būti trumpalaikė arba ilgalaikė. Pastarajai reikia reguliariai ir dažnai stebėti pacientą, palankų bei šalutinį terapijos atsaką. Išvados Gydant pagyvenusių vyrų lytinę disfunkciją būtina atsižvelgti ir į steroidinių hormonų kiekį kraujo serume bei androgenų terapijos galimybes. Kombinuotąjį gydymą testosteronu ir 5-fosfodiesterazės inhibitoriais reikėtų skirti tiems erekcijos sutrikimų turintiems pacientams, kuriems nepakankamai padeda gydymas vien 5-fosfodiesterazės inhibitoriais. Reikšminiai žodžiai: lytinė disfunkcija; androgenai; andropauzė; testosteronas; prolaktinas dihidrotestosteronas, 5-fosfodiesterazės inhibitoriai, hormonų terapija Androgen aspects of male sexual dysfunction Antanas BalvočiusInternational Medical Center Union Clinic Vilnius,Tilto str. 1/2, Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: balvociusa@delfi.lt Background / objective Steroid hormone endocrine disturbances have an adverse impact on sexual function in men. The aim of the article was to present findings of the study on sexual dysfunction in elderly men and results of their treatment together with a review of the literature on pathologic physiology, diagnostics and therapy of male endocrine sexual dysfunction. Patients and methods Sixty four elderly men (aged 50 to 75, mean age 59 years) were treated for sexual dysfunction. The score of erectile disturbances according to International Index of Erectile Function TEFR-5scale ranged from 11 to 21 (mean, 15.5). The blood testosterone (T) level was 15.8 to 4.6 nmol/l. The level lower than 11 nmol/l was found in 44 (69%) patients. Only 46 of 64 patients were not satisfied with the quality of erection after administration of PDE-5 inhibitors. A combined therapy was applied for 35 of 46 patients with a low T level: intramuscular T 250 mg injections three times a week and a FED-5 inhibitor one hour before sexual intercourse. Sexual function of >21 as assessed by TEFR-5 scale was determined for 30 (85.7%) patients after three months. Results Hypogonadism is a clinical and biochemical syndrome characterised by an insufficient serum androgen level, which may result in a decreased libido, lower quality of erection and decreased quality of life. If clinical indications for androgen therapy are present, it shall maintain the level of testosterone within the physiological limits. Therapeutic synergism is observed when a combined treatment including testosterone and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors is applied in hypogonadic men. Digital rectal examination of prostate and determination of values of blood serum prostate specific antigens are indispensable before the initiation of therapy and must be performed regularly afterwards. Androgen therapy may be short-term or long-term, and requires regular and frequent monitoring and observation for favourable and side response to the treatment. Conclusions The level of blood serum steroid hormones should be taken into account and the possibilities for androgen therapy considered in the therapy of sexual dysfunctions in elderly men. A combined treatment of erectile disorders with testosterone and phosphodiesterease-5 inhibitors should be administered to the patients in whom the treatment with phosphodiesterease-5 inhibitors alone is not helpful. Keywords: sexual dysfunction, androgens, andropause, testosterone, prolactin, dihydrotestosterone, phosphodiesterease-5 inhibitors, hormone therapy
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Forcada, F., J. A. Abecia, and O. Zúñiga. "Regulation of LH secretion during seasonal anestrus by dopaminergic pathways in Rasa Aragonesa ewes treated or not with melatonin." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a02-106.
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The involvement of the dopaminergic system in the steroid-dependent inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion during anestrus in ovariectomized, estradiol-implanted adult Rasa Aragonesa ewes was investigated in both ewes treated with melatonin on 8 March (n = 10) and in control (n = 8) ewes. Melatonin implants did not significantly increase LH secretion. However, treatment with pimozide induced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in LH pulse frequency in both groups during early anestrus. We conclude that, in the absence of males, the dopaminergic system is clearly involved in the inhibition of LH secretion during anestrus in both melatonin-treated and control ewes. Key words: Sheep, melatonin, pimozide
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Forcada, F., J. A. Abecia, and J. A. Valares. "The effect of melatonin treatment during the seasonal anoestrus on the superovulatory response and embryo production of high-prolificacy Rasa Aragonesa ewes before culling." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200012412.
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The efficacy of melatonin implants inserted around the spring equinox to improve fertility and ovulation rate or litter size in Mediterranean ewes has been previously reported (Chemineau et al., 1996; Forcada et al., 2002a.), indicating the ability of the hormone to regulate the hypothalamic activity (Viguié et al., 1995). Moreover, a direct effect of melatonin on corpora lutea and embryonic development has been also reported (Wallace et al., 1988; Abecia et al., 2002). The use of prolific Rasa Aragonesa (RA) ewes (a Mediterranean breed) before culling as embryo donors has been previously tested in the breeding season (Forcada et al., 2002b.). The aim of this experiment was to improve embryo production during the seasonal anoestrus period in selected superovulated RA ewes at the end of their reproductive lives through the use of melatonin.
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Lozano, J. M., F. Forcada, and J. A. Abecia. "Opioidergic and nutritional involvement in the control of luteinizing hormone secretion of postpartum Rasa Aragonesa ewes lambing in the mid-breeding season." Animal Reproduction Science 52, no. 4 (October 1998): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4320(98)00137-7.
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Maknavičius, Stanislovas Jonas, Arūnas Valiulis, and Žydrūnė Prapuolenienė. "Vaikų tarpuplaučio pirminiai germinogeniniai navikai." Lietuvos chirurgija 6, no. 4 (January 1, 2008): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2008.4.2143.
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Stanislovas Jonas Maknavičius, Arūnas Valiulis, Žydrūnė PrapuolenienėVilniaus universiteto Vaikų ligoninės Vaikų chirurgijos centras, Santariškių g. 7, LT-08406 VilniusEl paštas: stanislovas@b4net.lt Įvadas / tikslas Germinogeniniai navikai yra ankstyvo embrioninio vystymosi užuomazginių germinogeninių ląstelių virtimo į gametą stadijos navikai. Šie navikai kyla ne tik gonadose, bet ir embriono vidurinės linijos organuose – kankorėžinėje liaukoje, priekiniame tarpuplautyje, kryžkaulio ir uodegikaulio srityje, retroperitoniniame tarpe. Neretai germinogeninės ląstelės migruoja į organus ir juose išauga mišrių ektopinių germinogeninių ir negerminogeninių audinių navikai: teratomos, teratoblastomos, embrioninės karcinomos, endoderminio sinuso karcinomos, seminomos, disgerminomos ar mišrių ląstelių germinogeniniai navikai (dažniausiai). Darbo tikslas – išnagrinėti vaikų tarpuplaučio germinogeninių navikų diagnostikos, klinikos, tyrimo ir chirurginio gydymo taktikos ypatumus. Ligoniai ir metodai Retrospektyviai analizavome vaikų, 1995–2007 metais gydytų Vilniaus universiteto vaikų ligoninės 1-jame chirurgijos (torakalinės ir abdominalinės chirurgijos) skyriuje dėl tarpuplaučio germinogeninių navikų, ligos istorijas, operacijų protokolus, tyrimų duomenis. Ligoniai buvo tirti klinikiniais metodais, atlikti naviko žymenų tyrimai, rentgenogramos, kompiuterinės tomogramos, echoskopija, angiogramos. Rezultatai Mūsų gydytiems 8 vaikams brandūs navikai rasti penkiems ir nebrandūs – trims. Užkrūčio liaukoje navikai rasti 7 vaikams, ne užkrūčio liaukoje – 1 vaikui. Piktybiniai germinogeniniai navikai užkrūčio liaukoje buvo 3 vaikams, gerybiniai germinogeniniai navikai užkrūčio liaukoje rasti 4 vaikams ir 1 ligonei gerybinį germinogeninį naviką radome ant aortos kylančiosios dalies, suaugusį su užkrūčio liaukos užpakaliniu paviršiumi. Kvėpavimo sutrikimas, karščiavimas, obstrukcijos simptomai buvo visiems vaikams. Dėl šių simptomų tėvai kreipėsi į gydytojus. Septyni vaikai buvo operuoti ir navikai pašalinti, o vieno vaiko tėvai radikalios operacijos atsisakė (diagnozė nustatyta kliniškai, rentgeniškai). Sergantiesiems piktybiniais germinogeniniais navikais po operacijos taikyta chemoterapija. Dviem vaikams navikai šalinti atlikus sternotomiją, 5 vaikams – per torakotominius pjūvius. Saugiau operuoti atlikus sternotominį pjūvį, ypač jei navikas išplitęs ir yra užkrūčio liaukoje. Po operacijos vaikai pasveiko. Išvados Vaikų tarpuplaučio germinogeniniai navikai yra polipotentinės histologinės struktūros, jų augimas greitas, skvarbus. Pagrindiniai klinikiniai simptomai – krūtinės skausmas, kvėpavimo sutrikimas, v. cava superior sindromas, anemija, alfa-fetoproteino kiekio ir choriogonadotropinio hormono kiekio padidėjimas. Pagrindiniai diagnostikos metodai – rentgeniniai, echoskopija, angiografiniai. Pagrindinis gydymo metodas yra chirurginis: naviko ekstirpacija per sternotominę, torakotominį prieigą, ar videotorakoskopiniu būdu. Operavome 7 vaikus, navikai pašalinti, diagnozės pagrįstos histologiniais tyrimais. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vaikų tarpuplaučio navikai, vaikų tarpuplaučio germinogeniniai navikai, gerybinė ir piktybinė tarpuplaučio teratoma Primary germinative cell tumors in children Stanislovas Jonas Maknavičius, Arūnas Valiulis, Žydrūnė PrapuolenienėVilnius University Children’s Hospital, Centre of Surgery,Santariškių str. 7, LT-08406 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: stanislovas@b4net.lt Background / objective Primary germ cell tumour is the most common mediastinal tumour in children. It may be benign or malignant, or cystic and contain three types of embryonal developing tissue – ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Germ cell tumour can be seminomatous, nonseminomatous and originate from ectopic tissues in the mediastinum. Malignant tumours lesions grow and invade the surrounding structures. Germ cell tumour of the mediastinum in children may present with early puberty in Klinefelter’s syndrome. Children with malignant germ cell tumours often have elevated alpha-fetoprotein and serum beta-chorionic gonadotropin levels. The aim of this study was to review the spectrum of clinical symptoms, diagnostics methods and tactics of the surgical treatment. Patients and methods We analysed retrospectively 8 children’s case histories with primary germ cell tumours in the period 1995–2007. Clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, methods of surgical treatment and histological diagnoses were analysed. Results Three patients had malignant and five patients had benign tumours. Respiratory distress syndrome was present in all patients. Qur data are based on histological analysis after operations. Seven patients were operated on. The tumours were removed. Conclusions Mediastinal germ cell tumours in children are embryonal multipotentional histological structures of embryonic origin, developing of endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal tissues. The most frequent symptoms were respiratory distress, chest pain, temperature, cough and wheezing. Patients with teratomas of germ cell tumours often have an elevated level of alpha-fetoprotein and serum beta-human gonadotropin. Seven patients were operated on, tumours were removed, and diagnoses were based on histological analysis. Key words: mediastinal tumours in children, mediastinal germ cell tumour in children, benign and malignant mediastinal teratoma
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Winsa, Brita, Jonas Rastad, Göran Åkerström, Henry Johansson, Kerstin Westermark, and F. Anders Karlsson. "Retrospective evaluation of subtotal and total thyroidectomy in Graves' disease with and without endocrine ophthalmopathy." European Journal of Endocrinology 132, no. 4 (April 1995): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1320406.
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Winsa B, Rastad J, Åkerström G, Johansson H, Westermark K, Karlsson FA. Retrospective evaluation of subtotal and total thyroidectomy in Graves' disease with and without endocrine ophthalmopathy. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:406–12. ISSN 0804–4643 A retrospective analysis was performed in 173 consecutive patients with Graves' disease (GD) with the principal aim of evaluating the influences of subtotal (N = 157) and total (N = 19) thyroidectomy on postoperative recurrence rates, endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO) and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TSH-R-ab) titres. Postoperatively recurrent disease, identified by increased thyroid hormone levels, occurred in 32 patients (20%) who underwent subtotal resection. These recurrences were associated with over-representation of preoperative EO (p < 0.001) as well as high TSH-R-ab levels post-operatively (p < 0.05–0.01). Subtotal and total resections were followed by an aggravation of preoperative EO in nine (16%) and one (6%), and by a development of EO in two and none of the patients, respectively. Persistently elevated TSH-R-ab titers during thyrostatic therapy became close to normalized in seven (32%) and 15 (88%) of the patients undergoing subtotal or total thyroidectomies, respectively, which illustrates a thyroid tissue dependency of the autoantibody production. Among the total material of 173 patients, altogether 75 cases exhibited persistent or progressive EO and/or TSH-R-ab elevation after more than 1 year of preoperative thyrostatic treatment. In this group, recurrent GD or aggravated EO occurred in 23 (39%) of those operated with subtotal resection and in one (6%) of those undergoing total thyroidectomy (p < 0.05). The results thus indicate that EO, particularly at the time of surgery, and prevailing TSH-R-ab titers are associated with an increased risk of recurrent GD and suggest that patients exhibiting these characteristics should benefit from total rather than subtotal thyroidectomy. Brita Winsa, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Sakalauskas, Leonidas, and Kęstutis Žilinskas. "POWER PLANT INVESTMENT PLANNING BY STOCHASTIC PROGRAMMING / STOCHASTINIO PROGRAMAVIMO NAUDOJIMAS PLANUOJANT ELEKTROS ENERGIJOS INFRASTRUKTŪRĄ IR GAMYBĄ." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 16, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2010.46.
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Although the problem of rational power generation has been extensively studied, traditional approaches for power optimization do not offer good solutions to this purpose, especially in a competitive electricity market environment where many factors are uncertain. In this paper, within the framework of two‐stage linear stochastic programming, the method for power planning has been developed, with uncertain factors taken into account, through a continuously distributed set of scenarios. The objective is to find the structure of the power plants capacity in the region which minimizes the sum of the investment and the expected operating costs over the long‐term planning horizon, taking into account the environmental impact. The structure of the considered task corresponds to a power investment planning problem that often arises in the developing regions. The method is developed for solving the stochastic optimization problem by the sequence of Monte‐Carlo sampling estimators. The procedures developed make it possible to solve stochastic problems with an admissible accuracy by means of an acceptable amount of computations. As follows from numerical experiments the approach presented enables us to decrease the total expected costs of power planning versus deterministic planning solution. Santrauka Nors elektros energijos infrastruktūros ir gamybos uždavinys sprendžiamas intensyviai, tradiciniai optimizavimo metodai nepateikia tinkamų sprendinių, ypač kai elektros energijos rinkoje daugelis veiksnių yra neapibrėžti. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiamas elektros energijos gamybos planavimo metodas, sukurtas remiantis dviejų etapų stochastiniu programavimu, kai neapibrežtumas aprašomas tolydžiaisiais pasiskirstymo scenarijais. Uždavinio tikslas – rasti tinkama regiono elektros jėgainiu struktūra, kuri minimizuotų investavimo ir ilgalaikės energijos gamybos sąnaudas. Sprendžiant uždavinį atsižvelgiama į gamtosaugos problemas. Taikant optimizavimo metodą naudojami baigtinių Monte Karlo sekų įverčiai. Siūloma procedūra leidžia išspręsti stochastinius uždavinius gana tiksliai, naudojant priimtinus skaičiavimo išteklius. Skaitiniai eksperimentai rodo, kad siūlomas metodas padeda sumažinti bendrasias elektros energijos gamybos sąnaudas, palyginti su deterministiniu uždavinio sprendiniu.
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Tančeva Crmarić, Olivera, and Davorin Kajba. "Micropropagation of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) from a clonal seed orchard." Šumarski list 140, no. 5-6 (June 30, 2016): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.140.5-6.6.
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Velika pozornost pridaje se divljoj trešnji (Prunus avium L.) zbog plemenitog i visokovrijednog drva, ali i zbog važnosti očuvanja njezine genetičke raznolikosti. Oplemenjivanje divlje trešnje uobičajenim metodama uzgoja mogao bi biti vrlo spor proces, otežan time da je u prirodi teško dobiti redovne i dovoljne količine sjemena. Iako osnivanje klonskih sjemenskih plantaža osigurava redovitiji prinos kvalitetnog sjemena, ipak ostaje ovisnost od vremenskih prilika koje utječu na cvjetanje tj. prinos sjemena, kao i prisutne poteškoće kod klijavosti sjemena. Određene biotehnološke metode in vitro ubrzavaju proces i osiguravaju genetičku stabilnost. Najbrži i najkvalitetniji način oplemenjivanja divlje trešnje je mikroklonalna propagacija rejuveniliziranih jedinki, adultnih, elitnih genotipova s dobro razvijenim sustavom vlastitog korijena. Optimalizacija procesa omogućava smanjivanje problema i troškove proizvodnje, a osigurano je i očuvanje aditivnih i neaditivnih sastavnica genetičke varijabilnosti. Dobivanje kvalitetnih sadnica s poznatim svojstvima, i to u vrlo kratkom vremenu, koristilo bi za osnivanje i nadopunu klonskih plantaža i za izravno pošumljavanje određenih površina ili popunjavanje šumskih sastojina elitnim genotipovima. Ex situ konzervacija, u klonskim plantažama, omogućava i očuvanje genetičke konstitucije bez promjena, ili s minimalnom mogućnošću promjena kroz mutacije, selekcije, driftom ili kontaminacijom sadnog materijala. Uvođenjem novih metoda očuvanja genetičkih resursa divlje trešnje, kao što su vegetativno razmnožavanje in vitro ili krioprezervacija, povećala bi se mogućnost kontrole genetičke stabilnosti, posebice genotipizacijom svakog klona. Iz osnovane klonske sjemenske plantaže divlje trešnje, na području Šumarije Kutina, u proces proizvodnje in vitro uvedena su ukupno 24 genotipa (selekcioniranih plus stabala). Korištene su grančice s formiranim pupovima u fazi dormancije, ali i tijekom porasta za uvođenje odabranog materijala u in vitro postupak i masovno vegetativno razmnožavanje. Ukupno su 23 klona uspješno uvedena u početnu kulturu. Uspostavljanju početne kulture najviše se opirao klon L3, koji jedini od 24 odabrana klona nije imao uspješnu dezinfekciju bez obzira što je više puta materijal uziman kroz različita godišnja doba. Tijekom ovih pokusa klon L3 nije uveden u početnoj kulturi. Istražena je mogućnost optimalizacije rutinske metode mikrorazmnožavanja klonova po svim fazama. Utvrđene su aseptičke tehnike koje omogućuju uvođenje početne kulture kroz cijelu godinu (tablica 1). Utvrđeni su jedinstveni sastavi hranidbenih podloga (tablica 2) i kombinacija biljnih hormona (tablica 3) po fazama in vitro proizvodnje, što je rezultiralo dobivanjem kvalitetnih biljaka uz vrlo dobro preživljavanje tijekom procesa aklimatizacije. Za mikropropagaciju su korišteni BAP-1,0 mg/L, Kinetin-0,5 mg/L i IAA-0,5 mg/L, što je rezultiralo multiplikacijskom stopom 3-9 uz visinu biljaka 1,5-3,0 cm (slika 1). Zakorijenjivanje mikrobiljaka je postignuto kombinacijom IAA-2,0 mg/L, IBA-2,0 mg/L s dodatkom GA3-0,2 mg/L, te je potvrđeno da se kombinacijom regulatora rasta po svim fazama dobivaju kvalitetnije i veće biljke, uz vrlo dobro preživljavanje tijekom procesa aklimatizacije. Na osnovi dosadašnjih istraživanja mikropropagacije divlje trešnje, u ovome je radu bio cilj istražiti mogućnost optimalizacije rutinske metode kulture tkiva za razmnožavanje klonova (plus stabala) divlje trešnje po svim fazama od početne kulture, mikrorazmnožavanja, izduživanja, zakorijenjivanja te aklimatizacije i dorade biljaka in vivo do komercijalne sadnice (slika 2).
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Milonas, Daimantas, Dainius Burinskas, Stasys Auškalnis, and Mindaugas Jievaltas. "Ar galima remiantis objektyviais ikioperaciniais veiksniais prognozuoti ankstyvą biocheminį atkrytį po radikalios prostatektomijos?" Lietuvos chirurgija 3, no. 4 (January 1, 2005): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2005.4.2291.
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Daimantas Milonas, Dainius Burinskas, Stasys Auškalnis, Mindaugas JievaltasKauno medicinos universiteto Urologijos klinika,Eivenių g. 2, LT-50009 KaunasEl paštas: daimantasmilonas@yahoo.com Tikslas Nustatyti objektyvius veiksnius, kurie leistų prognozuoti ankstyvą biocheminį atkrytį po radikalios prostatektomijos. Ligoniai ir metodai Į tyrimą įtraukti 142 prostatos vėžiu sergantys ligoniai, kuriems buvo atliktos radikalios prostatektomijos. Ankstyvas biocheminis atkrytis konstatuotas, kai prostatos specifinio antigeno koncentracija, praėjus 3 mėn. po operacijos, buvo >0,2 ng/ml. Neoadjuvantinė terapija (hormonų ar spindulių) buvo pagrindinis atmetimo kriterijus. Vertinta prostatos specifinio antigeno koncentracija, vėžio diferenciacijos laipsnis iki ir po operacijos, vėžio stadija, prostatos chirurginio šalinimo išlaidos. Rezultatai Galutinei analizei panaudoti 94 ligonų duomenys. Vidutinis jų amžius buvo 66,6 metų, prostatos specifinis antigenas iki operacijos – 9,87 ng/ml, Gleason diferenciacijos laipsnis iki operacijos – 5,87, diferenciacijos laipsnis po operacijos – 6,38, teigiami rezekciniai kraštai rasti 36 (38%), ankstyvas biocheminis atkrytis – 13 (14%) pacientų. Atlikus logistinę regresijos analizę nustatyta, jog ankstyvą biocheminį atkrytį galima patikimai prognozuoti, kai Gleason pooperacinis vėžio diferenciacijos laipsnis didesnis nei 7 (p = 0,02, tikimybių santykis – 7,8) ir vėžio stadija T3b (p = 0,012, tikimybių santykis – 6,76). Išvados Remiantis ikioperaciniais objektyviais veiksniais negalima patikimai prognozuoti ankstyvo biocheminio atkryčio. Prostatos vėžio išplitimas į sėklines pūsleles (T3b stadija) ir Gleasono pooperacinis vėžio diferenciacijos laipsnis > 7 leidžia reikšmingai prognozuoti ankstyvą biocheminį atkryti, po radikalios prostatektomijos, tokiems ligoniams indikuojamas ankstyvas adjuvantinis gydymas, nelaukiant biocheminio atkryčio požymių. Reikšminiai žodžiai: prostatos vėžys, radikali prostatektomija, ankstyvas biocheminis atkrytis Can objective preoperative parameters predict early biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy? Daimantas Milonas, Dainius Burinskas, Stasys Auškalnis, Mindaugas JievaltasClinic of Urology, Kaunas University of Medicine,Eivenių str. 2, LT-50009 Kaunas, LithuaniaE-mail: daimantasmilonas@yahoo.com Objective To estimate objective parameters which can be useful for predicting early biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy due to prostate cancer. Patients and methods The study embraced 142 patients that underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy. Early biochemical failure was defined as a prostate-specific antigen level 3 months after radical prostatectomy > 0.2 ng/ml. Neoadjuvant treatment (hormonal therapy or radiation) was the mane exclusion criteria. Preoperative antigen concentration, Gleason score at the biopsy, patients’ age, postoperative Gleason score, stage and surgical margins were investigated as possible predictors of early biochemical recurrence. Results Final analysis was done using data on 94 patients. The mean patients’ age was 66.6 years and mean preoperative prostate specific antigen concentration 9.87 (range 0.44–98.4) ng/ml. The mean Gleason score preoperatively was 5.87 (range 2–8) and postoperatively 6.38 (range 4–9). Positive surgical margins were in 36 (38%) and early biochemical failure was detected in 13 (14%) cases. Logistic regression analysis shows that postoperative Gleason score >7 (p = 0.02, OR-7.8) and stage pT3b (p = 0.012, OR-6.76) are powerful parameters for predicting early biochemical recurrence. Conclusions Preoperative parameters cannot predict early biochemical recurrence. Postoperative parameters such as Gleason score >7 and stage pT3b are useful in the prediction of early biochemical recurrence. In such patients early adjuvant treatment is advisable. Keywords: prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy, early biochemical recurrence
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Katanić, Dragan. "SMANJEN RAST - VAŽNOST RANE DETEKCIJE." SCRIPTA PEDIATRICA 1, no. 1 (June 12, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/sceped1801020k.
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Centralni endokrini dirigent je hipotalamus, a hipofiza je prva violina endokrinog orkestra. Njen najvažniji hormonje ACTH, koji putem kortizola obezbeđuje energiju glukoneogenezom. TSH putem T3 zagreva telo, omogućavajući bržehemijske reakcije u homeoterma (članovi ekspedicija na Arktiku imaju stalno diskretno viši TSH, radi održavanje telesnetemperature). Stoga su, evluciono, ACTH i TSH najvažniji pituiciti i zato su najotporniji na zračenja, toksine i virusneinfekcije. Svi ostali hormoni hipofize nisu bitni za svakodnevni život (hormon rasta, prolaktin, gonadotropini, adiuretin,oksitocin) i predstavljaju luksuzne funkcije. Radi štednje energije, one postaju dormantne u fazama akutnog ili hroničnogstresa (psihosocijalno uslovljen nizak rast, agalaktija, amenoreja, impotencija).
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Dukić, Nikolina, Zdenka Gojković, Nenad Lalović, Jelena Vladičić Mašić, Dragan Jokanović, Srđan Mašoć, Slađana Popović, and Olivera Čančar. "Neoadjuvantna terapija HER2 pozitivnog karcinoma dojke." БИОМЕДИЦИНСКА ИСТРАЖИВАЊА 10, no. 1 (July 15, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/bii1901083d.
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Receptor humanog epidermalnog faktora rasta 2 – HER2 (c-erb-B2) je prisutankod 15-20% karcinoma dojke u trenutku postavljanja dijagnoze. Prekomjernaekspresija HER2 receptora povezana je sa agresivnijom formomkarcinoma dojke. Trastuzumab je humano monoklonsko antitijelo kojevezujući se za HER2 receptor blokira signalne puteve ćelijske proliferacije.S obzirom na moguću pojavu rezistenzije na trastuzumab (vezuje se zapoddomenuII HER2 receptora te ostvaruje ligand nezavisnu inhibiciju ćelijskeproliferacije), tokom godina kreirano je drugo monoklonsko antitijelopertuzumab (vezuje se poddomenu IV HER 2 receptora i ostvaruje ligandzavisnu inhibiciju ćelijske proliferacije) te zajedno čine temelj dualne blokadeHER2 receptora. Brojne studije su pokazale korist od primjene trastuzumabai pertuzumaba, prvobitno u metastatskom, a potom i u adjuvantnomi neoadjuvantnom režimu. Neoadjuvantna (preoperativna) terapijase ordinira kod inoperabilnih tumora, kod bolesnika sa visokim rizikom odlošeg ishoda (HER2 pozitivni tumori, nodus pozitivni tumori, inflamatornikracinom dojke, veliki tumori), kao i kad postoje dodatni faktori rizika - HRnegativni tumori kod kojih se ne očekuje korist od hormonalne terapije uadjuvantnom miljeu. Neoadjuvantna terapija, takođe, omogućava in vivouvid u odgovor tumora na neoadjuvantnu terapiju. Kompletan patološkiodgovor (pCR – pathological complete response) je rani parametar efikasnostineoadjuvantnog tretmana koji takođe omogućava da se “na vrijeme”sazna senzitivost tumora i donese odluku o adjuvantnom tretmanu. pCRima prediktivnu i prognostičku vrijednost. Naime, stopa pCR u korelaciji jesa vremenom do progresije bolesti i ukupnim preživljenjem. Brojne studijesu na osnovu stope pCR pokazale da postoje podgrupe HER2 pozitivnihkarcinoma dojke: podgrupa hormon negativnih tumora koji imaju dobarodgovor na postojeću antiHER2 terapiju i HER2 pozitivni karcinomi dojke,podgrupa hormon zavisnih tumora, kod kojih se postojećim terapijskim opcijamajoš uvijek ne postiže adekvatna stopa pCR što predstavlja područjeza nova istraživanja i pronalaženje novih strategija liječenja.
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Javor, Eugen. "Hormone receptor expression and ribociclib activity in hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative breast cancer." Libri Oncologici : Croatian Journal of Oncology 46, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.20471/lo.2018.46.01.06.
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Zulfa, Elya, and Rima Andriani. "Uji Tanggap Rasa Pasta Gigi Kombinasi Triklosan-Ekstrak Etanol Daun Suji (Pleomele angustifolia N.E Brown) dengan Bahan Pengikat CMC-Na." Jurnal Pharmascience 4, no. 2 (November 5, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jps.v4i2.5767.
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Daun suji biasa digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai obat kumur untuk menghilangkan plak. Pasta gigi merupakan salah satu bentuk sediaan yang cocok untuk kesehatan mulut dengan bahan aktif triklosan, namun triklosan bersifat korosif, resisten terhadap bakteri, dan mempengaruhi sistem hormonal khusunya hormon reproduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan variasi konsentrasi kombinasi triklosan-ekstrak etanol daun suji (T-EEDS) pada sediaan pasta gigi terhadap tanggap rasa dari masyarakat. Ekstrak etanol 70% daun suji diperoleh dengan metode maserasi, kemudian dilakukan pembuatan sediaan pasta gigi dengan variasi konsentrasi kombinasi T-EEDS yaitu FI (1:0), FII (0,5;0,5), FIII (0:1). Pasta gigi yang diperoleh dilakukan uji tanggap rasa. Hasil pengujian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa semua formula yang dibuat berada pada rangking 2 yang berarti “dislike very much”.
Kata Kunci : daun suji, triklosan, pasta gigi, tanggap rasa
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Labarta, José I., Antonio de Arriba, Marta Ferrer, Marisa Loranca, José María Martos, Amparo Rodríguez, María Luz Samaniego, and Laura Sánchez-Cenizo. "Growth and metabolic effects of long-term recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in short children born small for gestational age: GH-RAST study." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, July 4, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2019-0438.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectivesTo study the efficacy and influence on metabolism of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in short children born small for gestational age (SGA).MethodsRetrospective, observational, multicenter study in 305 short children born SGA, treated with rhGH during a mean ± SD of 5.03 ± 1.73 years at a mean ± SD dose of 37 ± 8 μg/kg/day. Auxological and metabolic assessment including glucose and lipids profile were collected.ResultsMean ± SD age at the start of treatment was 7.11 ± 2.78 years. Height and weight improved significantly until the end of treatment from mean −2.72 (CI95%: −2.81 to −2.63) standard deviation score (SDS) to −1.16 (CI95%: −1.44 to −0.88) SDS and from −1.62 (CI95%: −1.69 to −1.55) SDS to −0.94 (CI95%: −1.14 to −0.74) SDS respectively. Mean height gain was 1.27 (CI95%: 0.99–1.54) SDS. Prepubertal patients showed higher height gain than pubertal children (mean [CI95%] = 1.44 [CI95%: 1.14–1.74] vs. 0.73 [CI95%: 0.22–1.24], p=0.02). Height gain SDS during treatment negatively correlated with chronological age (CA) and bone age (BA) delay and positively correlated with duration of treatment, height gain during first year of treatment, years on prepubertal treatment and height SDS from target height (TH). Glucose, insulin, and triglycerides increased significantly but remained within the normal range. Total and LDL-cholesterol decreased significantly, and HDL-cholesterol remained unchanged.ConclusionsrhGH treatment in short SGA children effectively normalized height in most of the patients and showed a safe metabolic profile. Children who benefit the most are those with greater height SDS distance from TH, BA delay, longer duration of treatment and prepubertal treatment initiation.