Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hormones peptidiques – Effets physiologiques'
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Vivet, Bertrand. "La neurotensine : synthèse et évaluation biologique d'analogues cyclopeptidiques et pseudopeptidiques. Introduction d'aminoacides non naturels silylés, la triméthylsilylalanine et la 4-(diméthyl)silaproline." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20018.
Full textBedos, Philippe. "Synthèse et étude pharmacologique d'antagonistes pseudopeptidiques du récepteur B1 de la bradykinine." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20010.
Full textLima, Leite Ana Cristina. "Synthèse d'analogues peptidiques et pseudopeptidiques de la gastrine." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON13512.
Full textBouloumié, Anne. "Catécholamines et stéroi͏̈des sexuels : interactions et rôles dans le développement du tissu adipeux." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30242.
Full textLegrand, Romain. "Effets modulateurs des immunoglobulines plasmatiques sur les hormones peptidiques impliquées dans la régulation du comportement alimentaire." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUENR02.
Full textNowadays, food intake disorders are a major public health problem. In those patients, a modification of their food intake regulation is observed. Plasmatic levels of ghrelin, the main orexigenic hormone, are impared in those diseases. Moreover, in obese patients, ghrelin injections are more efficient on food intake than in normal persons suggesting a better transport of this hormone in the blood circulation. Ghrelin reactive auto-antibodies could be responsible for this transport improvement. In this thesis work, the implication of the ghrelin reactive auto-antibodies was studied in food intake disorders. An affmity increase for ghrelin was identified in ghrelin reactive auto-antibodies from obese patients. It was responsible for a ghrelin effects improvement by a better transport due to the fixation increase and a better protection from its degradation. In anorexia, opposite changes were observed. Moreover, the co-injection of ghrelin with immunoglobulins from obese patients or mice stimulated more efficiently food intake and was beneficial against the anorectic phenotype in a murine model of anorexia. So, the implication of the ghrelin reactive auto-antibodies in the physiopathology of food intake disorders and their potential interest in the treatment of anorexia was demonstrated. The hedonic control of the food intake was also studied in this thesis. Indeed, the influence of a-MSH, an anorectic peptide, was studied by microdialysis on the dopamine liberation in lateral hypothalamic area and the nucleus accumbens
Bradesi, Sylvie. "Influence des hormones sexuelles sur la réponse neuro-immunitaire impliquée dans les altérations de la sensibilité viscérale liées au stress." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30130.
Full textQuignodon, Laure. "Effets physiologiques et pathogéniques de l’aporécepteur de l’hormone thyroïdienne alpha 1 au cours du développement de la souris." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSL0407.
Full textThyroid hormone (T3) has pleiotropic functions during development. Congenital hypothyroidism results in severe mental retardation. Using transgenic reporter mice, we showed that T3 action is highly heterogeneous in pre and post-natal brain. The regulation of gene expression by T3 involves binding of the hormone to TR nuclear receptors acting as T3-dependant transcription factors. We identified new T3 direct target genes in postnatal cerebellum, but the T3 signaling cascade is still unknown, because of complexe cell cell interactions. To suppress T3 response in a specific cell type and at a specific time, we created new transgenic mice expressing a mutated TR?1 in a conditional manner. Constitutive mutants have a hypothyroid like phenotype. This confirms the importance of unliganded TR?1 receptor in hypothyroidism pathogenesis. The conditional system will permit to dissect in vivo T3 action
Ropars, Armelle. "Production, caractérisation fonctionnelle et moléculaire d'anticorps anti-récepteur de la thyrotropine et d'anticorps anti-idiotypes de la TSH humaine." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P601.
Full textLorin-Latxague, Christelle. "Effets de l'hormone thyroïdienne sur les cellules ostéoprogénitrices humaines : étude par spectroscopie IR-TF[spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier] des conséquences métaboliques de l'implantation d'un substitut osseux." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21159.
Full textBone losses may require the implantation of bone substitute biomaterials. Some factors allow to develop their bioreactivity. Firstly, we evaluated the effect of T3 thyroid hormone on human osteoprogenitor cells onto plastic and biomaterial (75 % HA and 25 % TCP). T3 stimulates expression of the alkaline phosphatase gene, but activity of this enzyme increased only during proliferation and early differentiation periods of time. Secondly, we evaluated metabolism of these cells and the potentiel effect of T3 using FT-IR spectroscopy. Finally, this technique allowed us to analyze metabolic consequences at blood and plasmatic levels of the bone substitute implantation in rabbit and of total joint replacement in human. All metabolic pathways are affected, the recovery time are longer in human
Suissa, Cécile. "La place de la leptine dans l'obésité." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P213.
Full textBerthelot, Xavier. "Profils circadiens et taux de production de la mélatonine chez la vache." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT014A.
Full textRabier, Bénédicte. "Rôle des isoformes des récepteurs de l'hormone thyroïdienne dans la physiologie osseuse." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21335.
Full textChildhood hypothyroidism results in severely skeletal development and adult thyrotoxicosis causes osteoporosis. To investigate molecular mechanism underlying these abnormalities we characterized the skeletal phenotypes of mice lacking either thyroid hormone receptor α or β (TRα 0/0, TRβ-/-) and leaded in vitro chondrocytes studies. During growth, absence of TRα in TRα0/0 mice, resulted in skeletal hypothyroidism, growth retardation, delayed ossification and reduced calcified bone and, lack of TRβ resulted in skeletal hyperthyroidism, accelerated growth, advanced ossification and increased calcification. Adult TRα0/0 mice have osteosclerosis, whereas TRβ-/- were osteoporotic. Elsewhere, TRβ appears to be necessary for T3-induced differenciation of chondrocytes compare to the TRα. The gene TRα appears as a major regulator of skeletal development and bone mineral accrual and in the maintenance of adult bone structure and mineralization
Enangue, Njembele Annick Niquaise. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la répression de la stéroïdogenèse des cellules de Leydig par les plastifiants et les organochlorés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30596/30596.pdf.
Full textDuring past decades, a decline in male reproductive health has been observed in many industrialized countries as illustrated by a decrease in sperm quality, and an increased incidence of testicular cancer, hypospadias and cryptorchidism. These symptoms are grouped under the name of testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). It has been hypothesized that TDS is the result of a disruption of embryonic programming and gonadal development during fetal life. Environmental endocrine disruptors were suggested to be partly involved in the aetiology of TDS. Therefore, during my doctoral work I was interested in the impact of two families of environmental endocrine disruptors: phthalates and organochlorines on Leydig cell steroidogenesis. I demonstrated that these two families of compounds affect Leydig cells steroidogenesis at least through two pathways: cholesterol transport (via STAR for both compounds) and the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone (via ADXR for both compounds and via CYP11A1 for organochlorines). I also highlighted that these two compounds have different effects on STAR, at the transcriptional level for phthalates and post-transcriptional/post-translational level for organochlorines. Finally, another of my goals was to validate the absence of toxicity of new plasticizers as alternatives to phthalates in Leydig cells. I revealed two potential green plasticizers C6DB and DOS that do not cause adverse effects in different Leydig cell lines.
Labonté-Fournier, Sébastien. "DIMORPHISME SEXUEL DES RÉPONSES PHYSIOLOGIQUES À l'HYPOXIE CHEZ LE RAT : ÉTUDE DU RÔLE DES HORMONES SEXUELLES DANS LA PROGRAMMATION NÉONATALE ET DANS LA RÉGULATION À L'ÂGE ADULTE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29553/29553.pdf.
Full textChardard, Dominique. "Séquences homologues au gène sry et activité de l'aromatase lors de la différenciation du sexe des gonades et de leurs inversions sexuelles par la température ou par les hormones stéroïdes chez pleurodèles Waltl (Amphibien Urodèle)." Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0118_CHARDARD.pdf.
Full textButhieau, Anne-Marie. "Etude des effets de l'intoxication par les sels de manganèse sur la biosynthèse thyroïdienne." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS002.
Full textCarreira, Suzanne. "Régulation nutritionnelle des gènes codant pour quelques protéines sécrétoires du pancréas de rat." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30093.
Full textMontiel-Jorda, Álvaro. "Influence de la température sur la voie de signalisation des hormones brassinostéroïdes : mécanismes moléculaires et conséquences pour la croissance et le développement des plantes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS447.
Full textBrassinosteroid (BR) signaling is important for nearly all aspects of plant development, as attested by the extremely dwarf and sterile phenotype of mutants defective in the brassinosteroid receptor BRASINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1). In addition, it is a key regulator of plant responses to increase in ambient temperature (thermomorphogenesis) in the above-ground parts of the plant together with auxin signaling and the transcription factor PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4). However, the roles molecular mechanisms of root thermomorphogenesis remain elusive. In this thesis, I describe in great detail the molecular mechanisms leading to root thermomorphogenesis of plants exposed to elevated ambient temperature from germination. In order for plants to elongate their primary root at 26°C, compared to 21°C, they selectively downregulate BR signaling via the temperature-specific degradation of BRI1. Surprisingly, under our own conditions, auxin signaling is not required for root thermomorphogenesis, suggesting a difference between aerial and root thermomorphogenesis responses. Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we are able to pinpoint that the degradation is triggered by a post-translational modification targeting lysines, probably K63 ubiquitination. To find out the E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the BRI1 temperature-induced degradation we carried out a yeast two hybrid screen using BRI1’s cytoplasmic domain. We obtained three candidate proteins named DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE (DEP) that surprisingly localize to cortical microtubules (cMTs) and arose at the same time as BR signaling, suggesting a functional link. The interaction between DEP1 and BRI1 was confirmed by three different techniques and, consequently dep single mutants are defective in BR percepton. On one hand, they are hyposensitive to the BR-induced reduction in hypocotyl length but on the other hand they are hypersensitive regarding BR-induced agravitropism. This data suggest an interplay between BR signaling, BRI1 subcellular dynamics and cortical microtubules. Future research will shed light on the biological significance of the BRI1-cMTs interaction in general and the BRI1-DEP1 interaction in particular
Grazzini, Eric. "Rôle endrocrine et paracrine de la vasopressine dans la physiologie de la glande surrénale." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20058.
Full textAncel, Caroline. "Le RFRP-3 et l’axe gonadotrope du hamster syrien : effets genre-dépendants et modes d’action." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ042/document.
Full textRFRP-3 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of the mammalian hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The aim of this work was to determine the involvement of RFRP-3 in the regulation of the Syrian hamster reproductive axis. We report unprecedented results indicating that RFRP-3 stimulates the male Syrian hamster gonadotrophic axis, whereas it has variable effects in female Syrian hamsters. Indeed, in females the peptide inhibits the reproductive axis at the time of the LH surge on the day of proestrus, and has no effect during diestrus. We went on to characterize RFRP-3 sites of action in the Syrian hamster brain, and show that the effect of the peptide on the gonadotrophic axis is mediated directly or indirectly via GnRH neurons. Moreover, we clearly rule out the possibility of a hypophysiotrophic effect of RFRP-3 in this species. Taken together, the present data raise interesting questions regarding species- and sex-dependent effects of RFRP-3 on the mammalian gonadotrophic axis
Chaminadas, Gilles. "Étude de l'action des œstrogènes non conjugués, du sulfate d'œstrone et de la progestérone sur la prolifération et la différenciation secrétoire de l'endomètre en culture." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESAA001.
Full textCoulombe, Marie-andree. "Implication du sexe, des hormones gonadiques et de leurs métabolites dans la réponse nociceptive et la perception de la douleur." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ099/document.
Full textSeveral biological, psychological, and cultural differences can explain the difference in pain perception between men and women. It is known that gonadal hormones influence the nociceptive response in animals and humans. The brain also has the ability to synthesize its own "sex hormones", also named neurosteroids. The aims of this thesis were: 1) to assess the physiological and psychological factors influencing the difference in pain perception between men and women, 2) to relate the levels of androgens and cortisol with clinical symptoms and pain perception in healthy volunteers and patients with fibromyalgia, and 3) to evaluate the involvement of gonadal hormones and of their 3α5α-reduced metabolites in the transmission of pain and the effectiveness of descending pain modulation systems (DPMS) in males and females using behavioral pain model in rats and mice
Fongy, Anais. "Implication potentielle des protéines de fusion mitochondriale dans l'ontogenèse des processus bioénergétiques musculaires chez l'oiseau." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10276/document.
Full textCold-exposed young birds maintain their homeothermy by stimulating mitochondrial oxidations in skeletal muscle. Prolonged cold exposure enhances muscle thermogenic capacities through mitochondrial bioenergetics plasticity which control still remains hypothetical. In mammals, fusion proteins (mitofusins (Mfns) and OPA1 (Optic Atrophy 1)) contribute to the permanent and dynamic changes in mitochondrial networks in multiple cell types. The aim of our work was to characterize the expression of avian homologues of mammalian fusion proteins and to study the variations of their expression during the establishment of bioenergetics processes in growing birds, during an acute or a prolonged cold exposure and finally during nutritional or endocrine challenges. Methodologically, an integrative approach has been used from whole animal (indirect calorimetry) to protein (western-blot) or gene (RT-PCR) expression through measurements of the bioenergetics functionality of permeabilized muscle fibers and isolated mitochondria. Two animal models were used, a species naturally adapted to Antarctica harsh conditions, the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), and a laboratory model, the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata).Our results allowed us to characterize, in birds, the expression of immunoreactive fusion proteins (Mfn2, OPA1) which were homologous to those of mammals. The sequencing of a part of the coding sequence of Mfns genes showed a great similitude between avian and mammalian species. In penguins, the relative abundance of these proteins in muscle mitochondria was modified by growth in the cold and was positively correlated with muscle bioenergetics capacities. In ducks, the respiratory activity and the relative abundance of these proteins were also correlated after a 60h fasting period or,though a lesser extent, after a pharmacological alteration of thyroid status. Our results show, for the first time in birds, the expression of proteins homologous to mammalian fusion proteins. The association between the changes in expression of these proteins and the bioenergetics modifications in skeletal muscle indicates that these proteins could contribute to thebioenergetics plasticity observed in growing chicks. These results suggest that potential modifications of the muscle mitochondrial network organization could play a role in the adaptive responses of organisms to the environmental constraints